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Sreepadmanabh M, Arun AB, Bhattacharjee T. Design approaches for 3D cell culture and 3D bioprinting platforms. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 5:021304. [PMID: 38765221 PMCID: PMC11101206 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The natural habitat of most cells consists of complex and disordered 3D microenvironments with spatiotemporally dynamic material properties. However, prevalent methods of in vitro culture study cells under poorly biomimetic 2D confinement or homogeneous conditions that often neglect critical topographical cues and mechanical stimuli. It has also become increasingly apparent that cells in a 3D conformation exhibit dramatically altered morphological and phenotypical states. In response, efforts toward designing biomaterial platforms for 3D cell culture have taken centerstage over the past few decades. Herein, we present a broad overview of biomaterials for 3D cell culture and 3D bioprinting, spanning both monolithic and granular systems. We first critically evaluate conventional monolithic hydrogel networks, with an emphasis on specific experimental requirements. Building on this, we document the recent emergence of microgel-based 3D growth media as a promising biomaterial platform enabling interrogation of cells within porous and granular scaffolds. We also explore how jammed microgel systems have been leveraged to spatially design and manipulate cellular structures using 3D bioprinting. The advent of these techniques heralds an unprecedented ability to experimentally model complex physiological niches, with important implications for tissue bioengineering and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sreepadmanabh
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashitha B. Arun
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Tapomoy Bhattacharjee
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
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2
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Thapa BV, Banerjee M, Glimm T, Saini DK, Bhat R. The senescent mesothelial matrix accentuates colonization by ovarian cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 81:2. [PMID: 38043093 PMCID: PMC10694112 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is amongst the most morbid of gynecological malignancies due to its diagnosis at an advanced stage, a transcoelomic mode of metastasis, and rapid transition to chemotherapeutic resistance. Like all other malignancies, the progression of ovarian cancer may be interpreted as an emergent outcome of the conflict between metastasizing cancer cells and the natural defense mounted by microenvironmental barriers to such migration. Here, we asked whether senescence in coelom-lining mesothelia, brought about by drug exposure, affects their interaction with disseminated ovarian cancer cells. We observed that cancer cells adhered faster on senescent human and murine mesothelial monolayers than on non-senescent controls. Time-lapse epifluorescence microscopy showed that mesothelial cells were cleared by a host of cancer cells that surrounded the former, even under sub-confluent conditions. A multiscale computational model predicted that such colocalized mesothelial clearance under sub-confluence requires greater adhesion between cancer cells and senescent mesothelia. Consistent with the prediction, we observed that senescent mesothelia expressed an extracellular matrix with higher levels of fibronectin, laminins and hyaluronan than non-senescent controls. On senescent matrix, cancer cells adhered more efficiently, spread better, and moved faster and persistently, aiding the spread of cancer. Inhibition assays using RGD cyclopeptides suggested the adhesion was predominantly contributed by fibronectin and laminin. These findings led us to propose that the senescence-associated matrisomal phenotype of peritoneal barriers enhances the colonization of invading ovarian cancer cells contributing to the metastatic burden associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Vivan Thapa
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Undergraduate Program, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Mallar Banerjee
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Tilmann Glimm
- Department of Mathematics, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98229, USA
| | - Deepak K Saini
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Ramray Bhat
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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Arora G, Banerjee M, Langthasa J, Bhat R, Chatterjee S. Targeting metabolic fluxes reverts metastatic transitions in ovarian cancer. iScience 2023; 26:108081. [PMID: 37876796 PMCID: PMC10590820 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of spheroids during epithelial ovarian cancer progression is correlated with peritoneal metastasis, disease recurrence, and poor prognosis. Although metastasis has been demonstrated to be driven by metabolic changes in transformed cells, mechanistic associations between metabolism and phenotypic transitions remain ill-explored. We performed quantitative proteomics to identify protein signatures associated with three distinct phenotypic morphologies (2D monolayers and two geometrically distinct three-dimensional spheroidal states) of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer line OVCAR-3. We obtained disease-driving phenotype-specific metabolic reaction modules and elucidated gene knockout strategies to reduce metabolic alterations that could drive phenotypic transitions. Exploring the DrugBank database, we identified and evaluated drugs that could impair such transitions and, hence, cancer progression. Finally, we experimentally validated our predictions by confirming the ability of one of our predicted drugs, the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir, to inhibit spheroidogenesis in three ovarian cancer cell lines without any cytotoxic effects on untransformed stromal mesothelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garhima Arora
- Complex Analysis Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Mallar Banerjee
- Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Jimpi Langthasa
- Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ramray Bhat
- Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Samrat Chatterjee
- Complex Analysis Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India
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Brown Y, Hua S, Tanwar PS. Extracellular Matrix in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: Advances in Understanding of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Biology. Matrix Biol 2023; 118:16-46. [PMID: 36781087 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is notoriously known as the "silent killer" of post-menopausal women as it has an insidious progression and is the deadliest gynaecological cancer. Although a dual origin of HGSOC is now widely accepted, there is growing evidence that most cases of HGSOC originate from the fallopian tube epithelium. In this review, we will address the fallopian tube origin and involvement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in HGSOC development. There is limited research on the role of ECM at the earliest stages of HGSOC carcinogenesis. Here we aim to synthesise current understanding on the contribution of ECM to each stage of HGSOC development and progression, beginning at serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) precursor lesions and proceeding across key events including dissemination of tumourigenic fallopian tube epithelial cells to the ovary, survival of these cells in peritoneal fluid as multicellular aggregates, and colonisation of the ovary. Likewise, as part of the metastatic series of events, serous ovarian cancer cells survive travel in peritoneal fluid, attach to, migrate across the mesothelium and invade into the sub-mesothelial matrix of secondary sites in the peritoneal cavity. Halting cancer at the pre-metastatic stage and finding ways to stop the dissemination of ovarian cancer cells from the primary site is critical for improving patient survival. The development of drug resistance also contributes to poor survival statistics in HGSOC. In this review, we provide an update on the involvement of the ECM in metastasis and drug resistance in HGSOC. Interplay between different cell-types, growth factor gradients as well as evolving ECM composition and organisation, creates microenvironment conditions that promote metastatic progression and drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells. By understanding ECM involvement in the carcinogenesis and chemoresistance of HGSOC, this may prompt ideas for further research for developing new early diagnostic tests and therapeutic strategies for HGSOC with the end goal of improving patient health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin Brown
- Global Centre for Gynaecological Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.; Cancer Detection and Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia..
| | - Susan Hua
- Therapeutic Targeting Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.; Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Pradeep S Tanwar
- Global Centre for Gynaecological Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.; Cancer Detection and Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia..
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Kumaresan A, Sinha MK, Paul N, Nag P, Ebenezer Samuel King JP, Kumar R, Datta TK. Establishment of a repertoire of fertility associated sperm proteins and their differential abundance in buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) with contrasting fertility. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2272. [PMID: 36754964 PMCID: PMC9908891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm harbours a wide range of proteins regulating their functions and fertility. In the present study, we made an effort to characterize and quantify the proteome of buffalo bull spermatozoa, and to identify fertility associated sperm proteins through comparative proteomics. Using high-throughput mass spectrometry platform, we identified 1305 proteins from buffalo spermatozoa and found that these proteins were mostly enriched in glycolytic process, mitochondrial respiratory chain, tricarboxylic acid cycle, protein folding, spermatogenesis, sperm motility and sperm binding to zona pellucida (p < 7.74E-08) besides metabolic (p = 4.42E-31) and reactive oxygen species (p = 1.81E-30) pathways. Differential proteomic analysis revealed that 844 proteins were commonly expressed in spermatozoa from both the groups while 77 and 52 proteins were exclusively expressed in high- and low-fertile bulls, respectively. In low-fertile bulls, 75 proteins were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated and 176 proteins were significantly (p < 0.05) downregulated; these proteins were highly enriched in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly (p = 2.63E-07) and flagellated sperm motility (p = 7.02E-05) processes besides oxidative phosphorylation pathway (p = 6.61E-15). The down regulated proteins in low-fertile bulls were involved in sperm motility, metabolism, sperm-egg recognition and fertilization. These variations in the sperm proteome could be used as potential markers for the selection of buffalo bulls for fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India.
| | - Manish Kumar Sinha
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Nilendu Paul
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Pradeep Nag
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - John Peter Ebenezer Samuel King
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132 001, India
| | - Tirtha Kumar Datta
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, 125 001, India
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Pally D, Banerjee M, Hussain S, Kumar RV, Petersson A, Rosendal E, Gunnarsson L, Peterson K, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Bhat R. Galectin-9 Signaling Drives Breast Cancer Invasion through Extracellular Matrix. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1376-1386. [PMID: 35605245 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aberrations in glycan and lectin expression and function represent one of the earliest hallmarks of cancer. Among galectins, a conserved family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, the role of Galectin-9 in immune-tumor interactions is well-established, although its effect on cancer cell behavior remains unclear. In this study, we assayed for, and observed, an association between Galectin-9 expression and invasiveness of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Genetic perturbation and pharmacological inhibition using novel cognate inhibitors confirmed a positive correlation between Galectin-9 levels and the adhesion of invasive cancer cells to─and their invasion through─constituted organomimetic extracellular matrix microenvironments. Signaling experiments and unbiased quantitative proteomics revealed Galectin-9 induction of Focal Adhesion Kinase activity and S100A4 expression, respectively. FAK inhibition decreased S100A4 mRNA levels. Our results provide crucial insights into how elevated Galectin-9 expression potentiates the invasiveness of breast cancer cells during early steps of invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharma Pally
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Mallar Banerjee
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha V. Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Ebba Rosendal
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Hakon Leffler
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Glycobiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramray Bhat
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
- Centre of BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
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Pally D, Goutham S, Bhat R. Extracellular matrix as a driver for intratumoral heterogeneity. Phys Biol 2022; 19. [PMID: 35545075 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac6eb0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The architecture of an organ is built through interactions between its native cells and its connective tissue consisting of stromal cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Upon transformation through tumorigenesis, such interactions are disrupted and replaced by a new set of intercommunications between malignantly transformed parenchyma, an altered stromal cell population, and a remodeled ECM. In this perspective, we propose that the intratumoral heterogeneity of cancer cell phenotypes is an emergent property of such reciprocal intercommunications, both biochemical and mechanical-physical, which engender and amplify the diversity of cell behavioral traits. An attempt to assimilate such findings within a framework of phenotypic plasticity furthers our understanding of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharma Pally
- Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, GA 07, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, INDIA
| | - Shyamili Goutham
- Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, GA 07, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, INDIA
| | - Ramray Bhat
- Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, GA 07, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, INDIA
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Talluri TR, Kumaresan A, Paul N, Sinha MK, Ebenezer Samuel King JP, Elango K, Sharma A, Raval K, Legha RA, Pal Y. High throughput deep proteomic analysis of seminal plasma from stallions with contrasting semen quality. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2022; 68:272-285. [PMID: 35484763 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2022.2057257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Seminal plasma proteins and pathways associated with sperm motility have not been elucidated in stallions. Therefore, in the current study, using the high throughput LC/MS-MS approach, we profiled stallion seminal plasma proteins and identified the proteins and pathways associated with sperm motility. Seminal plasma from six stallions producing semen with contrasting sperm motility (n = 3 each high-and low-motile group) was utilized for proteomic analysis. We identified a total of 1687 proteins in stallion seminal plasma, of which 1627 and 1496 proteins were expressed in high- (HM) and low- motile (LM) sperm of stallions, respectively. A total number of 1436 proteins were co-expressed in both the groups; 191 (11%) and 60 (3.5%) proteins were exclusively detected in HM and LM groups, respectively. A total of 220 proteins were upregulated (>1-fold change) and 386 proteins were downregulated in SP from LM group stallions as compared to HM group stallions, while 830 proteins were neutrally expressed in both the groups. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed dysregulation of the important proteins related to mitochondrial function, acrosome, and sperm cytoskeleton in the seminal plasma of stallions producing ejaculates with low sperm motility. High abundance of peroxiredoxins and low abundance of seminal Chaperonin Containing TCP1 Complex (CCT) complex and Annexins indicate dysregulated oxidative metabolism, which might be the underlying etiology for poor sperm motility in LM group stallions. In conclusion, the current study identified the seminal plasma proteomic alterations associated with poor sperm motility in stallions; the results indicate that poor sperm motility in stallions could be associated with altered expression of seminal plasma proteins involved in oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumala Rao Talluri
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India.,ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nilendu Paul
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Manish Kumar Sinha
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Kamaraj Elango
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kathan Raval
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Yash Pal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
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Sun C, Yang X, Wang T, Cheng M, Han Y. Ovarian Biomechanics: From Health to Disease. Front Oncol 2022; 11:744257. [PMID: 35070963 PMCID: PMC8776636 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.744257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanics is a physical phenomenon which mainly related with deformation and movement of life forms. As a mechanical signal, it participates in the growth and development of many tissues and organs, including ovary. Mechanical signals not only participate in multiple processes in the ovary but also play a critical role in ovarian growth and normal physiological functions. Additionally, the involvement of mechanical signals has been found in ovarian cancer and other ovarian diseases, prompting us to focus on the roles of mechanical signals in the process of ovarian health to disease. This review mainly discusses the effects and signal transduction of biomechanics (including elastic force, shear force, compressive stress and tensile stress) in ovarian development as a regulatory signal, as well as in the pathological process of normal ovarian diseases and cancer. This review also aims to provide new research ideas for the further research and treatment of ovarian-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoxu Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yangyang Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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