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Amatya B, Khan F. Disaster Response and Management: The Integral Role of Rehabilitation. Ann Rehabil Med 2023; 47:237-260. [PMID: 37644718 PMCID: PMC10475811 DOI: 10.5535/arm.23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing frequency of disasters and the significant upsurge of survivors with severe impairments and long-term disabling conditions, there is a greater focus on the importance of rehabilitation in disaster management. During disasters, rehabilitation services confront a greater load due to the influx of victims, management of persons with pre-existing disabilities and chronic conditions, and longer-term care continuum. Despite robust consensus amongst the international disaster response and management community for the rehabilitation-inclusive disaster management process, rehabilitation is still less prioritised. Evidence supports the early involvement of rehabilitation professionals in disaster response and management for minimising mortality and disability, and improving clinical outcomes and participation in disaster survivors. In the last two decades, there have been substantial developments in disaster response/management processes including the World Health Organization Emergency Medical Team (EMT) initiative, which provides a standardized structured plan to provide effective and coordinated care during disasters. However, rehabilitation-inclusive disaster management plans are yet to be developed and/or implemented in many disaster-prone countries. Strong leadership and effective action from national and international bodies are required to strengthen national rehabilitation capacity (services and skilled workforce) and empower international and local EMTs and health services for comprehensive disaster management in future calamities. This narrative review highlights the role of rehabilitation and current developments in disaster rehabilitation; challenges and key future perspectives in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhasker Amatya
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Australian Rehabilitation Research Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Fary Khan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Australian Rehabilitation Research Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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Khan Z, Sharawi SE, Khan MS, Suleman, Xing LX, Haroon, Ali S, Ahmed N. Prevalence of insect pests on maize crop in District Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e259217. [PMID: 35544791 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.259217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The maize crop is used as food for humans, livestock and poultries forms, it is also used in bread making, corn flakes, corn syrup, corn starch and corn oils. The field study consisted of one experimental trial, about the incidence of that insect pest complex on maize cultivar Azam during the Kharif season 2020 at the Agricultural, Research Station, Baffa, Mansehra. The trial was laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), and then it was divided into three replications. The result obtained from the trial showed that a number of the pest species were recorded during the experimental period; however, the population was noticed at a low level. The obtained insect species were corn leaf aphid (6.90 ± 5.5) per square inch, corn leafhopper (1.32 ± 0.63), maize stem borer (0.63 ± 0.29), corn flea beetle (0.43 ± 0.28), Thrips (0.38 ± 0.22), Hairy caterpillar (0.21 ± 0.22), Grasshopper (0.17 ± 0.11) and shoot fly (0.11 ± 0.08) throughout the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Khan
- University of Swabi, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Agriculture Research Station, Baffa, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S E Sharawi
- King Abdul-Aziz University,Department of Biology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Khan
- University of Swabi, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Suleman
- University of Swabi, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - L-X Xing
- Northwest University, College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Haroon
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Northwest University, College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - S Ali
- University of Agriculture Dera Ismail Khan, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- University of Swabi, Department of Agriculture, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - N Ahmed
- University of Swabi, Department of Agriculture, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Abstract
There is a strong consensus among humanitarian response authorities for a need for global action by professional organizations to work toward developing a structured approach to provide a coordinated international response during sudden-onset disasters. The aim of this report was to develop a Disaster Rehabilitation Response Plan to enable International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine to provide leadership and governance role in liaison/coordination with the WHO emergency medical team initiative and other relevant stakeholders to provide rehabilitation input during sudden-onset disasters. The proposed plan uses a "three-tier approach": tier 1, immediate disaster response at a national/international level; tier 2, organization and deployment of rehabilitation personnel; and tier 3, rehabilitation management of disaster survivors and community reintegration. The International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (and its subcommittee, the Disaster Rehabilitation Committee), categorized in the tier 2, could provide central leadership role working for the rehabilitation subcluster within the WHO emergency medical team initiative (tier 1) and support in coordination, preparation, and management of rehabilitation teams and/or members for deployment to sudden-onset disasters. The Disaster Rehabilitation Committee could also contribute to advocacy, training, and accreditation processes for rehabilitation professionals. The challenge ahead is commitment of countries worldwide to develop comprehensive rehabilitation-inclusive approach to ensure effective delivery of services to communities at risk.
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Abstract
Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in natural disasters owing to the significant upsurge of survivors with complex and long-term disabling injuries. Rehabilitation professionals can minimize mortality, decrease disability, and improve clinical outcomes and participation. In disaster-prone countries, skilled rehabilitation workforce and services are either limited and/or comprehensive rehabilitation-inclusive disaster management plans are yet to be developed. The World Health Organization Emergency Medical Team initiative and guidelines provide structure and standardization to prepare, plan, and provide effective and coordinated care during disasters. Many challenges remain for implementation of these standards in disaster settings and integrating rehabilitation personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fary Khan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australian Rehabilitation Research Centre, Building 21, Royal Park Campus, 34-54 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Disability Inclusive Unit, Nossal Institute of Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bhasker Amatya
- Department of Rehabilitation, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australian Rehabilitation Research Centre, Building 21, Royal Park Campus, 34-54 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Su Yi Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australian Rehabilitation Research Centre, Building 21, Royal Park Campus, 34-54 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vandana Vasudevan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australian Rehabilitation Research Centre, Building 21, Royal Park Campus, 34-54 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Gupta J, Cardoso LF, Ferguson G, Shrestha B, Shrestha PN, Harris C, Groce N, Clark CJ. Disability status, intimate partner violence and perceived social support among married women in three districts of the Terai region of Nepal. BMJ Glob Health 2018; 3:e000934. [PMID: 30483407 PMCID: PMC6231095 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women living with disabilities are disproportionately vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV). Existing research on the topic largely takes place in high-income settings and treats disability as a dichotomous experience-an individual either has a disability or does not. Disability experiences, however, are diverse such that some individuals face minimal impairment, while for others impairment can be severe. With this spectrum in mind, this study sought to examine the associations between severity of disability impairment, past-year IPV, past-year in-law violence and perceived social support among married women in Nepal. METHODS Baseline data (2016) from a randomised controlled trial aiming to reduce IPV among women aged 18-49 (n=1800) were analysed using generalised estimating equations logistic regressions to assess associations. RESULTS Women with severe impairment reported higher levels of physical and/or sexual, emotional, economic and in-law violence than women without a disability (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.68, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.72; AOR=1.65, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.65; AOR=1.75, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.02; AOR=2.80, 95% CI 2.53 to 5.11, respectively). Differences in IPV between women reporting some impairment versus no disability were observed for economic (AOR=1.47, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.94) and in-law violence (AOR=1.50, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.10). Women with severe or some impairment versus no disability were less likely to perceive their in-laws as supportive. CONCLUSION Disability status was associated with increased vulnerability to IPV. A gradient was observed; the highest levels of IPV were experienced by women with severe impairment, followed by some impairment. Future research should examine the mechanisms driving such observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhumka Gupta
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Lauren F Cardoso
- School of Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gemma Ferguson
- Equal Access International, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Courtney Harris
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Nora Groce
- Leonard Cheshire Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cari Jo Clark
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Li H, Nyland J, Kuban K, Givens J. Physical therapy needs for patients with physical function injuries post-earthquake disasters: A systematic review of Chinese and Western literature. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 23:e1714. [PMID: 29608038 DOI: 10.1002/pri.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Over the last 500 years, the most earthquakes with 10,000 or more fatalities and the most overall fatalities have occurred in China. Physical therapists must develop a better understanding of the patient and injury types that they are likely to treat post-earthquake disasters. This systematic review of Chinese and Western literature identified the primary patients treated by physical therapists post-earthquake disasters for injuries that negatively impacted physical function, activity, and participation. METHODS Comparisons were made between reports of earthquakes in China and reports from the rest of the world combined. RESULTS Sixty-seven studies of 71,986 patients (51.8% male) at 40.6 ± 15 years of age were included. Studies were mostly prospective (n = 48, 71.6%). Reports of earthquakes in China represented more recently occurring disasters (p = .003) and more prospective research designs (p = .003). Reports from China also had a higher median fracture number (p = .004). Studies from China used manual muscle testing (p = .02), visual analogue pain scales (p = .008), Barthel index or modified Barthel index (p < .0001), and joint motion assessment (p = .007) with greater frequencies. DISCUSSION Physical therapists from China are more likely to treat patients with a fracture; however, physical therapists from both regions are likely to treat patients with general injuries representing poly-trauma to multiple body regions, traumatic brain-closed head injuries, spinal cord injuries, peripheral nerve injuries, and soft tissue injuries. IMPLICATIONS ON PHYSIOTHERAPY PRACTICE These data can help improve earthquake disaster planning, infrastructure development, and resource needs assessment effectiveness. More prospective research study designs and more recent earthquake disasters in China are likely associated with greater explicit use of valid and reliable outcome measurements such as joint motion assessment, manual muscle testing, visual analogue pain scale, and the Barthel index or modified Barthel index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Disaster Rehabilitation, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - John Nyland
- Kosair Charities College of Health and Natural Sciences, Spalding University, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Katrina Kuban
- Kosair Charities College of Health and Natural Sciences, Spalding University, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Justin Givens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Chishtie J, Chishtie F, Yoshida K, Balogh R. Spinal cord injury rehabilitation and pressure ulcer prevention after the 2005 South Asian Earthquake: a CBR case study from Pakistan. Disabil Rehabil 2018. [PMID: 29513051 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1445783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2005 South Asian earthquake led to large-scale injuries and disabilities in northern Pakistan, which were dealt with using various approaches. In this regard, a community-based rehabilitation approach was initiated in the Muzaffarabad district of Pakistan in early 2006, focused on preventing complications among persons with Spinal Cord Injury. This case study briefly describes its development, aims and service provision components, in addition to the distribution of injuries from the disaster. Pressure ulcer prevention education, its recall and decrease in prevalence over a year are presented as key outcomes and illuminate the process of implementing rehabilitation in this context. METHODS This case study presents findings from a larger internal program evaluation in 2010-11. The study design was cross-sectional, to elicit recall of education components and the resulting prevalence of pressure ulcers over the year, in 33 randomly selected persons with Spinal Cord Injury. Outcomes included retention of knowledge about pressure ulcer prevention, practices and reduction in the prevalence of pressure ulcers over the last year. We also conducted a narrative literature review on the types of injuries and complications in the Spinal Cord population from Northern Pakistan. RESULTS Hospital cohort studies reported "spine" injuries at 5%, while persons with spinal cord injury were identified as the most underserved needing rehabilitation services after the quake. Results from the evaluation of prevention education revealed that all 33 respondents were trained in detection of pressure ulcers, while 32 recalled "danger signs" for which they would seek immediate help. All correctly recalled postural change timings, however, their actual practices differed. Twenty-seven respondents (82%) reported no pressure ulcers over the last year. CONCLUSION The decrease in pressure ulcer prevalence over the last year in persons with spinal cord injury highlights the strengths of the community-based rehabilitation approach, particularly preventive education in geographically challenging and highly resource constrained settings. The research also begins to fill a critical gap in the present literature as most research is limited to hospital based interventions from the first year of the 2005 earthquake. Implications for Rehabilitation Prevention education for targeting pressure ulcers can be effective in reducing incidence of this important complication in persons with spinal cord injury. Community-based rehabilitation approaches can prove beneficial in post-disaster settings, especially in resource constrained settings and difficult hilly terrain. Rehabilitation programs should consider nutrition interventions to reduce multiple pressure ulcers, especially in lower middle income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Chishtie
- a International Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Farrukh Chishtie
- a International Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Karen Yoshida
- b Department of Physical Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Robert Balogh
- c Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Ontario, Institute of Technology , Oshawa , Canada
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Cartwright C, Hall M, Lee ACK. The changing health priorities of earthquake response and implications for preparedness: a scoping review. Public Health 2017. [PMID: 28645042 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Earthquakes have substantial impacts on mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The academic evidence base to support Disaster Risk Reduction activities in LMIC settings is, however, limited. We sought to address this gap by identifying the health and healthcare impacts of earthquakes in LMICs and to identify the implications of these findings for future earthquake preparedness. STUDY DESIGN Scoping review. METHODS A scoping review was undertaken with systematic searches of indexed databases to identify relevant literature. Key study details, findings, recommendations or lessons learnt were extracted and analysed across individual earthquake events. Findings were categorised by time frame relative to earthquakes and linked to the disaster preparedness cycle, enabling a profile of health and healthcare impacts and implications for future preparedness to be established. RESULTS Health services need to prepare for changing health priorities with a shift from initial treatment of earthquake-related injuries to more general health needs occurring within the first few weeks. Preparedness is required to address mental health and rehabilitation needs in the medium to longer term. Inequalities of the impact of earthquakes on health were noted in particular for women, children, the elderly, disabled and rural communities. The need to maintain access to essential services such as reproductive health and preventative health services were identified. Key preparedness actions include identification of appropriate leaders, planning and training of staff. Testing of plans was advocated within the literature with evidence that this is possible in LMIC settings. CONCLUSIONS Whilst there are a range of health and healthcare impacts of earthquakes, common themes emerged in different settings and from different earthquake events. Preparedness of healthcare systems is essential and possible, in order to mitigate the adverse health impacts of earthquakes in LMIC settings. Preparedness is needed at the community, organisational and system levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cartwright
- The University of Sheffield, School of Health and Related Research, Regents Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 4DA, United Kingdom.
| | - M Hall
- The University of Sheffield, School of Health and Related Research, Regents Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 4DA, United Kingdom.
| | - A C K Lee
- The University of Sheffield, School of Health and Related Research, Regents Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 4DA, United Kingdom.
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Sheikhbardsiri H, Yarmohammadian MH, Rezaei F, Maracy MR. Rehabilitation of vulnerable groups in emergencies and disasters: A systematic review. World J Emerg Med 2017; 8:253-263. [PMID: 29123602 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural and man-made disasters, especially those occurring in large scales not only result in human mortality, but also cause physical, psychological, and social disabilities. Providing effective rehabilitation services in time can decrease the frequency of such disabilities. The aim of the current study was to perform a systematic review related to rehabilitation of vulnerable groups in emergencies and disasters. METHODS The systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The key words "recovery", "rehabilitation", "reconstruction", "transformation", "transition", "emergency", "disaster", "crisis", "hazard", "catastrophe", "tragedy", "mass casualty incident", "women", "female", "children", "pediatric", "disable", "handicap", "elder", "old" and "vulnerable" were used in combination with Boolean operators OR and AND. ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Ovid, ProQuest, Wiley, Google Scholar were searched. RESULTS In this study a total of 11 928 articles were considered and 25 articles were selected for final review of rehabilitation of vulnerable groups based on the objective of this study. Twenty-five studies including six qualitative, sixteen cross-sectional and three randomized controlled trials were reviewed for rehabilitation of vulnerable groups in emergencies and disasters. Out of the selected papers, 23 were studied based on rehabilitation after natural disasters and the remaining were man-made disasters. Most types of rehabilitation were physical, social, psychological and economic. CONCLUSION The review of the papers showed different programs of physical, physiological, economic and social rehabilitations for vulnerable groups after emergencies and disasters. It may help health field managers better implement standard rehabilitation activities for vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Sheikhbardsiri
- Department of Emergency Operation Center (EOC), Disasters and Emergencies Management Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Yarmohammadian
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Faculty of Management and Medical Informatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Faculty of Management and Medical Informatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Maracy
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Nunnerley J, Dunn J, McPherson K, Hooper G, Woodfield T. Return to work for severely injured survivors of the Christchurch earthquake: influences in the first 2 years. Disabil Rehabil 2015. [PMID: 26213243 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1070299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study looked at the influences on the return to work (RTW) in the first 2 years for people severely injured in the 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. METHOD We used a constructivist grounded theory approach using semi-structured interviews to collect data from 14 people injured in the earthquake. RESULTS Analysis elicited three themes that appeared to influence the process of RTW following the Christchurch earthquake. Living the earthquake experience, the individual's experiences of the earthquake and how their injury framed their expectations; rebuilding normality, the desire of the participants to return to life as it was; while dealing with the secondary effects of the earthquake includes the earthquake specific effects which were both barriers and facilitators to returning to work. CONCLUSION The consequences of the earthquake impacted on experience, process and outcome of RTW for those injured in the Christchurch Earthquake. Work and RTW appeared key tools to enhance recovery after serious injury following the earthquake. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION The altered physical, social and economic environment must be considered when working on the return to work (RTW) of individuals with earthquake injuries. Providing tangible emotional and social support so injured earthquake survivors feel safe in their workplace may facilitate RTW. Engaging early with employers may assist the RTW of injured earthquake survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Nunnerley
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine , University of Otago , Christchurch , New Zealand and
| | - Jennifer Dunn
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine , University of Otago , Christchurch , New Zealand and
| | - Kathryn McPherson
- b Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Gary Hooper
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine , University of Otago , Christchurch , New Zealand and
| | - Tim Woodfield
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine , University of Otago , Christchurch , New Zealand and
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Cleaver S, Nixon S. A scoping review of 10 years of published literature on community-based rehabilitation. Disabil Rehabil 2013; 36:1385-94. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2013.845257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gosney JE, Reinhardt JD, von Groote PM, Rathore FA, Melvin JL. Medical rehabilitation of spinal cord injury following earthquakes in rehabilitation resource-scarce settings: implications for disaster research. Spinal Cord 2013; 51:603-9. [PMID: 23752263 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2013.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Narrative literature review. OBJECTIVES To (1) summarize epidemiological and scientific research on spinal cord injury (SCI) populations from three severe earthquakes (EQs) in rehabilitation resource-scarce settings; (2) summarize SCI rehabilitation services by local and foreign providers in response to these EQs and (3) provide implications including research gaps for a supporting global scientific research agenda. SETTING International. METHODS A literature review was conducted using PubMed to identify epidemiological studies reporting data on SCI survivors of the 2005 Kashmir EQ in Pakistan, the Sichuan EQ of 2008 in China and the 2010 Haiti EQ. A follow-up review on the SCI rehabilitation services provided by local and foreign providers in response to these EQs was also performed. RESULTS Review of the scientific literature revealed the qualitative trends in focused EQ victim epidemiological data, including SCI classification and types of medical complications. Selected EQ country narratives showed that post-disaster SCI rehabilitation services were expanded by adapting local resources with international assistance to manage the significant numbers of SCI survivors. The resulting SCI research was limited. CONCLUSION A global disaster research agenda for SCI in EQs in rehabilitation resource-scarce settings is needed to strengthen the evidence base for improvement of clinical management and outcomes for SCI EQ survivors. Expansion of this limited narrative review into a systematic review to identify additional research gaps is a proposed next step. Effective disaster setting data management and research collaborations of foreign and local SCI disability and rehabilitation stakeholders will be required for agenda implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Gosney
- Rehabilitation Disaster Relief Committee, International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Rathore FA, Gosney JE, Reinhardt JD, Haig AJ, Li J, DeLisa JA. Medical rehabilitation after natural disasters: why, when, and how? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012; 93:1875-81. [PMID: 22676904 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural disasters can cause significant numbers of severe, disabling injuries, resulting in a public health emergency and requiring foreign assistance. However, since medical rehabilitation services are often poorly developed in disaster-affected regions and not highly prioritized by responding teams, physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM) has historically been underemphasized in global disaster planning and response. Recent development of the specialties of "disaster medicine" and "disaster rehabilitation" has raised awareness of the critical importance of rehabilitation intervention during the immediate postdisaster emergency response. The World Health Organization Liaison Sub-Committee on Rehabilitation Disaster Relief of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine has authored this report to assess the role of emergency rehabilitation intervention after natural disasters based on current scientific evidence and subject matter expert accounts. Major disabling injury types are identified, and spinal cord injury, limb amputation, and traumatic brain injury are used as case studies to exemplify the challenges to effective management of disabling injuries after disasters. Evidence on the effectiveness of disaster rehabilitation interventions is presented. The authors then summarize the current state of disaster-related research, as well as lessons learned from PRM emergency rehabilitation response in recent disasters. Resulting recommendations for greater integration of PRM services into the immediate emergency disaster response are provided. This report aims to stimulate development of research and practice in the emerging discipline of disaster rehabilitation within organizations that provide medical rehabilitation services during the postdisaster emergency response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq A Rathore
- International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation Disaster Relief Committee, Geneva, Switzerland.
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