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Brock BA, Greer HR, Honnas CM, Gilleland BE, Barrett MF, Moore JN, Cohen ND. A Randomized, Self-Controlled Case Series Evaluating Core Osteostixis of Osseous Cyst-Like Lesions of the Navicular Bone to Improve Lameness in Horses with Podotrochlear Syndrome. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2023; 14:35-46. [PMID: 36945679 PMCID: PMC10024883 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s399835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Podotrochlear syndrome is a common cause of lameness in Quarter Horses involving both soft tissue and bony structures within the heel region. Current surgical treatment of podotrochlear syndrome addresses pathological changes affecting the soft tissue structures of the navicular region but does not address either edema or cyst-like lesions of the navicular bone. Objective The objective of this randomized, self-controlled case series was to determine whether core osteostixis improved lameness in Quarter Horses with podotrochlear syndrome characterized by bilateral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of osseous cyst-like lesions of the navicular bone. Methods Seven Quarter Horses that had not responded to standard medical management were included. Each horse had an affected forefoot randomly assigned to surgical treatment with navicular bursoscopy and core osteostixis; the contralateral limb was assigned to navicular bursoscopy only. Video recordings were used to assign lameness scores and make comparisons of each limb at baseline and 24 weeks post-operatively by an observer blinded to the surgical treatment. A second MRI was performed 24 weeks after surgery to reevaluate navicular bone edema, osseous cyst-like lesions of the navicular bone, and tears of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT). Results Reduction of lameness score from baseline was significantly (P = 0.0254) greater for the limbs treated with core osteostixis than limbs treated with bursoscopy. New DDFT tears were noted in 3 of 7 limbs treated with core osteostixis and in 1 of 7 bursoscopy limbs. Conclusion Results of this study suggest that core osteostixis of the navicular bone combined with navicular bursoscopy can improve lameness in horses with osseous cyst-like lesions. Further evaluation of this technique is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo A Brock
- Brock Veterinary Clinic, Lamesa, TX, USA
- Bo A Brock, Brock Veterinary Clinic, 1204 S Dallas Avenue, Lamesa, TX, 79331, USA, Tel +1 806 872 3183, Email
| | | | | | - Brad E Gilleland
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Myra F Barrett
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - James N Moore
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Noah D Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Correspondence: Noah D Cohen, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4475, USA, Tel +1 979 845 0741, Fax +1 979-847-8863, Email
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Fürst AE, Lischer CJ. Other Clinical Problems of the Equine Foot. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2021; 37:695-721. [PMID: 34782100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many disorders affect the equine foot, and many hoof problems have multiple predisposing causes. Surgery may be necessary after conservative management has failed. Diseases of the hoof capsule may seem simple, but their effect on performance can be long-lasting and healing is often prolonged. Diagnosis of problems within the hoof capsule is enhanced with the use of computed tomography and MRI. The prognosis of fractures has improved with strategic placement of lag screws across fracture planes using aiming devices and advanced intraoperative imaging techniques. Collaboration between the clinician and a skilled farrier is important for successful management of hoof disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton E Fürst
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph J Lischer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, Berlin 14163, Germany
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Osborn ML, Cornille JL, Blas‐Machado U, Uhl EW. The equine navicular apparatus as a premier enthesis organ: Functional implications. Vet Surg 2021; 50:713-728. [PMID: 33710628 PMCID: PMC8251969 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Navicular syndrome has been traditionally characterized by progressive lameness with chronic degeneration of the navicular bone. Advances in imaging techniques have revealed that its associated soft tissue structures are also affected. This distribution of lesions is explained by conceptualizing the equine navicular apparatus as an enthesis organ that facilitates the dissemination of mechanical stress throughout the tissues of the foot. The navicular apparatus has the same structural adaptations to mechanical stress as the human Achilles tendon complex. These adaptations efficiently dissipate mechanical force away from the tendon's bony attachment site, thereby protecting it from failure. The comparison of these two anatomically distinct structural systems demonstrates their similar adaptations to mechanical forces, and illustrates that important functional insights can be gained from studying anatomic convergences and cross-species comparisons of function. Such a functional conceptualization of the equine navicular apparatus resolves confusion about the diagnosis of navicular syndrome and offers insights for the development of mechanically based therapies. Through comparison with the human Achilles complex, this review (1) re-conceptualizes the equine navicular apparatus as an enthesis organ in which mechanical forces are distributed throughout the structures of the organ; (2) describes the relationship between failure of the navicular enthesis organ and lesions of navicular syndrome; (3) considers the therapeutic implications of navicular enthesis organ degeneration as a form of chronic osteoarthritis; and based upon these implications (4) proposes a focus on whole body posture/motion for the development of prehabilitative and rehabilitative therapies similar to those that have already proven effective in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Osborn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Uriel Blas‐Machado
- Department of PathologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Elizabeth W. Uhl
- Department of PathologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
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Oral Supplementation with Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide for Joint Disease and Lameness Management in Four Jumping Horses: A Case Report. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091469. [PMID: 32825646 PMCID: PMC7552276 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This paper reports the efficacy of Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-um) supplementation for four show-jumping horses with lameness and joint disease. Joint disease is often associated with inflammatory states and pain that lead to lameness or impairment in athletic performances. PEA-um is a nutraceutical compound that is well-known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic proprieties, and is widely used in human medicine and small animal veterinary medicine. Although it includes a small number of cases, our study describes for the first time the efficacy of the use of PEA-um in horses. PEA-um was introduced to the normal diet of four horses with non-responsive lameness and significant impairment of athletic performance. After four months of PEA-um supplementation, all horses showed remissions of lameness that led to their reintroduction into showjumping competitions without disease recurrence. Therefore, despite the small number of cases included in this study, the observations suggest that PEA-um may be beneficial in the maintenance of joint disease in athletic horses. Abstract Background: Four show jumping horses were evaluated for non-responsive lameness, which caused their withdrawal from show jumping competitions. The clinical evaluation was performed by radiographic examination, flexion tests, diagnostic anesthesia and lameness evaluation using the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) scale. The diagnoses were a case of navicular syndrome, a complicated case of chronic navicular syndrome and arthrosis of the distal interphalangeal joint of the right anterior limb and two cases of distal intertarsal joint arthritis. Nutraceuticals are often an important management strategy or coadjutant of pharmacological therapies in joint disease. Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-um) is an endogenous fatty acid amide that is well-known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic proprieties widely used in human medicine and small animal veterinary medicine. Although it includes a small number of cases, our study describes for the first time the efficacy of the use of PEA-um in horses. The four horses with non-responsive lameness and significant impairment in athletic performance were daily treated with PEA-um into their normal diet. After four months of PEA-um supplementation, all horses showed remissions of lameness that led to their reintroduction into showjumping competitions without disease recurrence. Therefore, despite the small number of cases included in this study, these observations suggest a good prospective for developing a controlled experiment to test PEA in a larger cohort of horses.
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Argüelles D, Saitua A, de Medina AS, Muñoz JA, Muñoz A. Clinical efficacy of clodronic acid in horses diagnosed with navicular syndrome: A field study using objective and subjective lameness evaluation. Res Vet Sci 2019; 125:298-304. [PMID: 31351199 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Navicular syndrome, a common cause of equine forelimb lameness, is associated with pathological changes in the navicular bone. Consequently, administration of bisphosphonates (BPs) has been advocated in order to modify the rate of bone turnover. The present study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of intramuscularly administered clodronic acid for the treatment of 11 horses with clinical and radiographic findings compatible with navicular syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 5 of the 11 horses. The animals were treated with an intramuscular dose of clodronic acid of 765 mg/horse, administered over three separate injection sites. Before and at 7, 30 and 90 days after treatment, horses were subjected to lameness and accelerometric evaluations. A clinical improvement was observed in 6 of the 11 horses. These 6 horses showed a mean reduction of two degrees in lameness score. Accelerometry in these horses revealed increased velocity, stride length, stride regularity and dorsoventral displacement of the gravity of centre together with a reduction in stride frequency, suggesting a gait improvement. This study demonstrates that intramuscular clodronic acid can be useful for lameness reduction in some horses with navicular syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Argüelles
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aritz Saitua
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Equine Sport Medicine Centre CEMEDE, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonia Sánchez de Medina
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Córdoba, Spain; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan A Muñoz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz
- Equine Sport Medicine Centre CEMEDE, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain.
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Hontoir F, Rejas E, Falticeanu A, Nisolle JF, Simon V, Nicaise C, Clegg PD, Vandeweerd JME. Communication between the distal interphalangeal joint and the navicular bursa in the horse at Computed Tomography Arthrography. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 48:133-141. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Hontoir
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit (IVRU) - Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS); University of Namur; Namur Belgium
| | - Erika Rejas
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit (IVRU) - Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS); University of Namur; Namur Belgium
| | - Ana Falticeanu
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) UCL Namur-Mont Godinne; Université Catholique de Louvain; Yvoir Belgium
| | - Jean-François Nisolle
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) UCL Namur-Mont Godinne; Université Catholique de Louvain; Yvoir Belgium
| | - Vincent Simon
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit (IVRU) - Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS); University of Namur; Namur Belgium
| | - Charles Nicaise
- LabCeTi - Laboratoire des Cellules et Tissus - Faculty of Medicine; University of Namur; Namur Belgium
| | - Peter D. Clegg
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic disease; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - Jean-Michel E. Vandeweerd
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit (IVRU) - Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS); University of Namur; Namur Belgium
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Souza L, Bortolini Z, Müller T, Fonteque J, Schade J, Luciani M, Souza D, Vulcano L. Estudo anatômico, ultrassonográfico e tomográfico do aparato podotroclear de equinos adultos. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A síndrome do navicular é uma condição que envolve o aparato podotroclear e representa uma das causas mais comuns de claudicação dos membros torácicos de equinos. Portanto, o estudo complementar da região reveste-se de grande interesse quando se refere ao diagnóstico e tratamento das claudicações dos equinos. O objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar as diferenças dos achados imagenológicos entre a ultrassonografia e a tomografia computadorizada na avaliação das estruturas palmares do aparato podotroclear de equinos adultos e hígidos, bem como a descrição das estruturas observadas nas imagens obtidas com essas técnicas. Para isso, foram realizadas imagens de quatro peças anatômicas, as quais foram posteriormente seccionadas e utilizadas para a descrição anatômica. A utilização de peças anatômicas auxilia no conhecimento da anatomia normal, o que leva à melhor interpretação das imagens e aumenta a especificidade diagnóstica na detecção das alterações que as doenças acarretam. A ultrassonografia fornece informações relevantes quanto às estruturas estudadas, e sua associação com a tomografia computadorizada aumentou a acurácia da investigação. Apesar de o uso da tomografia computadorizada ser mais indicada para tecido ósseo, ela fornece informações importantes, podendo ser usada como uma ferramenta útil quando não se tem disponível a ressonância magnética em razão do custo ou da disponibilidade.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.P. Souza
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - T.R. Müller
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - J. Schade
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - M.G. Luciani
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - D.S. Souza
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Janvier V, Olive J, Rossier Y. Magnetic Resonance Assessment of the Equine Distal Phalanx Facies Flexoria. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Barrett MF, Frisbie DD, King MR, Werpy NM, Kawcak CE. A review of how magnetic resonance imaging can aid in case management of common pathological conditions of the equine foot. EQUINE VET EDUC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. F. Barrett
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins USA
| | - D. D. Frisbie
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins USA
| | - M. R. King
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins USA
| | - N. M. Werpy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville USA
| | - C. E. Kawcak
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins USA
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Azevedo D, Xavier V, Ribeiro R, Villela S, Castro T, Vieira R, Lima I, Marval C, Faleiros R. Alterações radiográficas do aparato podotroclear de equinos da Polícia Militar de Minas Gerais sem sinais clínicos de doença do osso navicular. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-7567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Os objetivos deste experimento foram identificar e associar alterações radiográficas do aparato podotoclear de equinos do Regimento de Cavalaria Alferes Tiradentes da Policia Militar do estado de Minas Gerais sem histórico e sinais clínicos de doença do osso navicular. Foi avaliado um total de 33 equinos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 10 e 20 anos. Os dígitos torácicos foram radiografados de forma padronizada nas projeções lateromedial (LM), dorsoproximal palmarodistal 65º (DPPD) e palmaroproximal palmarodistal (SK). A radiopacidade medular aumentada em projeção SK foi a principal alteração radiográfica detectada. Essa alteração foi associada a maior número de invaginações sinovais, a maior espessura de cortical em relação à medular em exposição SK e a maior relação corticomedular em exposição LM (P<0,05). Esses achados indicam uma predisposição da população equina para desenvolver a síndrome do osso navicular, possivelmente associada ao trauma repetitivo promovido pelo constante trabalho em piso duro.
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Douthit TL, Bormann JM, Bello NM. Assessing the Association Between Hoof Thermography and Hoof Doppler Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis of Lameness in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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van Hamel SE, Bergman HJ, Puchalski SM, de Groot MW, van Weeren PR. Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic evaluation of the deep digital flexor tendon in the equine foot compared to macroscopic and histological findings in 23 limbs. Equine Vet J 2013; 46:300-5. [PMID: 23808755 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING THE STUDY Distal deep digital flexor tendinopathy is an important cause of foot lameness in horses that is difficult to diagnose with radiography and ultrasonography. Magnetic resonance imaging is a well-accepted and validated technique for the identification of deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) lesions, but has some practical and financial drawbacks. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) has been proposed as a suitable alternative, but validation studies are currently lacking. OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of CECT for the identification and characterisation of deep digital flexor tendinopathy. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study of CT, macroscopic and histological findings of the DDFT. METHODS Plain and CECT scans were acquired of 23 limbs of 16 horses with clinical lameness localised to the foot. All horses had lesions of the DDFT that were identified and characterised with CT and CECT with respect to their anatomic location and extent. All horses underwent post mortem examination and gross abnormalities were described. Samples of the DDFT were taken at specific sites (lesion and nonlesion) for histological evaluation. Macroscopic and histological outcomes were compared with CECT findings. RESULTS Of 67 sites in 23 DDFTs that were evaluated, 42 sites in 18 tendons had lesions on CECT images. These 42 sites also had lesions on macroscopic evaluation. There were 3 false negative and 3 false positive results identified on CECT. The sensitivity of CECT for diagnosing lesions of the DDFT in the equine foot was 93%. CONCLUSION CECT is an effective adjunct to the more commonly used diagnostic techniques in equine foot pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E van Hamel
- Department of Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Komosa M, Purzyc H, Wojnar M, Frąckowiak H, Kobryńczuk F. Navicular syndrome in sport horses as a result of the disorder of biological bone tissue turnover rhythm: a review. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2012.681850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Variation in foot conformation in lame horses with different foot lesions. Vet J 2012; 195:361-5. [PMID: 22981735 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Foot conformation in the horse is commonly thought to be associated with lameness but scientific evidence is scarce although it has been shown in biomechanical studies that foot conformation does influence the forces acting on the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and the navicular bone (NB). The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between foot conformation and different types of lesion within the foot in lame horses. It was hypothesised that certain conformation parameters differ significantly between different types of foot lesions. Conformation parameters were measured on magnetic resonance images in the mid-sagittal plane of 179 lame horses with lesions of their deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), navicular bone (NB), collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joints and other structures. Conformation parameters differed significantly between lesion groups. A larger sole angle was associated with combined DDFT and NB lesions, but not with NB lesions alone. A more acute angle of the DDFT round the NB was associated with DDFT and NB lesions, and a lower heel height index with DDFT injury. The larger the sole angle the smaller the likelihood of a DDFT or NB lesion with odds ratios of 0.86 and 0.90, respectively. This study shows an association between foot conformation and lesions but it does not allow the identification of conformation as causative factor since foot conformation may change as a consequence of lameness. Future studies will investigate foot-surface interaction in lame vs. sound horses, which may open a preventative and/or therapeutic window in foot lame horses.
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Rogers CW, Back W. The effect of plain, eggbar and 6°-wedge shoes on the distribution of pressure under the hoof of horses at the walk. N Z Vet J 2011; 55:120-4. [PMID: 17534413 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2007.36753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To quantify the effect of plain, wedged and eggbar shoes on the distribution of pressure under the hoof of horses at the walk, at selected areas of interest (AOI), to find scientific evidence for the perceived efficacy of these shoes in the treatment of palmar heel pain. METHODS Six clinically sound adult Warmblood mares weighing 551 (SD 25) kg were shod (forelegs) with either plain, eggbar or 6 degrees-wedge shoes using a latin-square experimental design. All horses were shod by the same farrier, and each balanced and aligned for its individual conformation. Data were collected on three walking strides for each foreleg using a 550 x 405-mm pressure plate to quantify the distribution of pressure under each type of shoe at five AOI. RESULTS Landing of the hoof with all three shoes was predominantly from lateral to medial (range 7-15 msec). Irrespective of the type of shoe, the greatest pressure was found in the lateral and medial toe (lateral 39.7 (SE 0.6) N/cm2 and medial 35.0 (SE 0.5) N/cm2) and the point of the toe (33.3 (SE 0.5) N/cm2). The lowest peak pressure was in the heel (lateral 25.9 (SE 0.5) N/cm2 and medial 21.1 (SE 0.4) N/cm2; p<0.05). Eggbar and wedge shoes increased total stance time (938 (SE 8) msec and 952 (SE 6) msec, respectively) compared with plain shoes (898 (SE 14) msec) (p<0.05). The wedge shoe reduced breakover compared with the plain and eggbar shoes (13.8% vs 15.8% and 14.5%, respectively; p<0.05). The eggbar shoe had lower total shoe peak pressure (29.5 (SE 0.7) N/cm2) than plain (31.8 (SE 0.5) N/cm2) and wedge (30.9 (SE 0.6) N/cm2) shoes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Both the eggbar and 6 degrees-wedge shoe offer advantages for palmar heel pain. In comparison to the plain shoe, the eggbar shoe had less peak pressure at the heel AOI, and across the entire shoe, due to the greater bearing surface and the effect of the longer heel. The 6 degrees-wedge shoe had greater loading on the lateral heel AOI, but promoted earlier breakover at the toe. Both shoes offer advantages for the horse with palmar heel pain, though choice of shoe will depend on clear identification of the causative factors, to provide therapeutic shoeing that maximises the individual horse's response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Rogers
- Massey Equine, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Claerhoudt S, Bergman EHJ, van der Veen H, Vanderperren K, Raes EV, Saunders JH. Computed Tomographic Morphology of the Synovial Invaginations of the Distal Sesamoid Bone of the Horse. Anat Histol Embryol 2010; 40:55-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2010.01038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Volume 37: 2005. Equine Vet J 2010. [DOI: 10.2746/042516406775374360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Intra‐ and interobserver agreement in the interpretation of navicular bones on radiographs and computed tomography scans. Equine Vet J 2010; 41:124-9. [DOI: 10.2746/042516408x345125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sherlock C, Mair T, Blunden T. Deep erosions of the palmar aspect of the navicular bone diagnosed by standing magnetic resonance imaging. Equine Vet J 2009; 40:684-92. [PMID: 19165939 DOI: 10.2746/042516408x330365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Erosion of the palmar (flexor) aspect of the navicular bone is difficult to diagnose with conventional imaging techniques. OBJECTIVES To review the clinical, magnetic resonance (MR) and pathological features of deep erosions of the palmar aspect of the navicular bone. METHODS Cases of deep erosions of the palmar aspect of the navicular bone, diagnosed by standing low field MR imaging, were selected. Clinical details, results of diagnostic procedures, MR features and pathological findings were reviewed. RESULTS Deep erosions of the palmar aspect of the navicular bone were diagnosed in 16 mature horses, 6 of which were bilaterally lame. Sudden onset of lameness was recorded in 63%. Radiography prior to MR imaging showed equivocal changes in 7 horses. The MR features consisted of focal areas of intermediate or high signal intensity on T1-, T2*- and T2-weighted images and STIR images affecting the dorsal aspect of the deep digital flexor tendon, the fibrocartilage of the palmar aspect, subchondral compact bone and medulla of the navicular bone. On follow-up, 7/16 horses (44%) had been subjected to euthanasia and only one was being worked at its previous level. Erosions of the palmar aspect of the navicular bone were confirmed post mortem in 2 horses. Histologically, the lesions were characterised by localised degeneration of fibrocartilage with underlying focal osteonecrosis and fibroplasia. The adjacent deep digital flexor tendon showed fibril formation and fibrocartilaginous metaplasia. CONCLUSIONS Deep erosions of the palmar aspect of the navicular bone are more easily diagnosed by standing low field MR imaging than by conventional radiography. The lesions involve degeneration of the palmar fibrocartilage with underlying osteonecrosis and fibroplasia affecting the subchondral compact bone and medulla, and carry a poor prognosis for return to performance. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Diagnosis of shallow erosive lesions of the palmar fibrocartilage may allow therapeutic intervention earlier in the disease process, thereby preventing progression to deep erosive lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sherlock
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Mereworth, Maidstone, Kent ME18 5GS, UK
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