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Monte DFM, de Oliveira CJB. A 22-year Brazilian colistin resistance surveillance on Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. originating from food-producing animals. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 63:107114. [PMID: 38354827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F M Monte
- Department of Animal Science, College for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (CCA/UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil.
| | - Celso Jose Bruno de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, College for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (CCA/UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil
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Lencina FA, Bertona M, Stegmayer MA, Olivero CR, Frizzo LS, Zimmermann JA, Signorini ML, Soto LP, Zbrun MV. Prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in foods and food-producing animals through the food chain: A worldwide systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26579. [PMID: 38434325 PMCID: PMC10904249 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the available scientific evidence on the prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from foods and food-producing animals, the mobile colistin-resistant genes involved, and the impact of the associated variables. A systematic review was carried out in databases according to selection criteria and search strategies established a priori. Random-effect meta-analysis models were fitted to estimate the prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli and to identify the factors associated with the outcome. In general, 4.79% (95% CI: 3.98%-5.76%) of the food and food-producing animal samples harbored colistin-resistant Escherichia coli (total number of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli/total number of samples), while 5.70% (95% confidence interval: 4.97%-6.52%) of the E. coli strains isolated from food and food-producing animal samples harbored colistin resistance (total number of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli/total number of Escherichia coli isolated samples). The prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli increased over time (P < 0.001). On the other hand, 65.30% (95% confidence interval: 57.77%-72.14%) of colistin resistance was mediated by the mobile colistin resistance-1 gene. The mobile colistin resistance-1 gene prevalence did not show increases over time (P = 0.640). According to the findings, other allelic variants (mobile colistin resistance 2-10 genes) seem to have less impact on prevalence. A higher prevalence of colistin resistance was estimated in developing countries (P < 0.001), especially in samples (feces and intestinal content, meat, and viscera) derived from poultry and pigs (P < 0.001). The mobile colistin resistance-1 gene showed a global distribution with a high prevalence in most of the regions analyzed (>50%). The prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli and the mobile colistin resistance-1 gene has a strong impact on the entire food chain. The high prevalence estimated in the retail market represents a potential risk for consumers' health. There is an urgent need to implement based-evidence risk management measures under the "One Health" approach to guarantee public health, food safety, and a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Aylen Lencina
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina
| | - Matías Bertona
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science – Litoral National University, Esperanza, Argentina
| | - María Angeles Stegmayer
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina
| | - Carolina Raquel Olivero
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina
| | - Laureano Sebastián Frizzo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science – Litoral National University, Esperanza, Argentina
| | - Jorge Alberto Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Lisandro Signorini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science – Litoral National University, Esperanza, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONICET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lorena Paola Soto
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Argentina
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science – Litoral National University, Esperanza, Argentina
| | - María Virginia Zbrun
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science – Litoral National University, Esperanza, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONICET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Lagerstrom KM, Scales NC, Hadly EA. Impressive pan-genomic diversity of E. coli from a wild animal community near urban development reflects human impacts. iScience 2024; 27:109072. [PMID: 38375235 PMCID: PMC10875580 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Human and domesticated animal waste infiltrates global freshwater, terrestrial, and marine environments, widely disseminating fecal microbes, antibiotics, and other chemical pollutants. Emerging evidence suggests that guts of wild animals are being invaded by our microbes, including Escherichia coli, which face anthropogenic selective pressures to gain antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and increase virulence. However, wild animal sources remain starkly under-represented among genomic sequence repositories. We sequenced whole genomes of 145 E. coli isolates from 55 wild and 13 domestic animal fecal samples, averaging 2 (ranging 1-7) isolates per sample, on a preserve imbedded in a human-dominated landscape in California Bay Area, USA, to assess AMR, virulence, and pan-genomic diversity. With single nucleotide polymorphism analyses we predict potential transmission routes. We illustrate the usefulness of E. coli to aid our understanding of and ability to surveil the emergence of zoonotic pathogens created by the mixing of human and wild bacteria in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas C. Scales
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Hadly
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Earth Systems Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Rosli NA, Al-Maleki AR, Loke MF, Chua EG, Alhoot MA, Vadivelu J. Polymorphism of virulence genes and biofilm associated with in vitro induced resistance to clarithromycin in Helicobacter pylori. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:52. [PMID: 37898785 PMCID: PMC10613384 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clarithromycin-containing triple therapy is commonly used to treat Helicobacter pylori infections. Clarithromycin resistance is the leading cause of H. pylori treatment failure. Understanding the specific mutations that occur in H. pylori strains that have evolved antibiotic resistance can help create a more effective and individualised antibiotic treatment plan. However, little is understood about the genetic reprogramming linked to clarithromycin exposure and the emergence of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori. Therefore, this study aims to identify compensatory mutations and biofilm formation associated with the development of clarithromycin resistance in H. pylori. Clarithromycin-sensitive H. pylori clinical isolates were induced to develop clarithromycin resistance through in vitro exposure to incrementally increasing concentration of the antibiotic. The genomes of the origin sensitive isolates (S), isogenic breakpoint (B), and resistant isolates (R) were sequenced. Single nucleotide variations (SNVs), and insertions or deletions (InDels) associated with the development of clarithromycin resistance were identified. Growth and biofilm production were also assessed. RESULTS The S isolates with A2143G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene were successfully induced to be resistant. According to the data, antibiotic exposure may alter the expression of certain genes, including those that code for the Cag4/Cag protein, the vacuolating cytotoxin domain-containing protein, the sel1 repeat family protein, and the rsmh gene, which may increase the risk of developing and enhances virulence in H. pylori. Enhanced biofilm formation was detected among R isolates compared to B and S isolates. Furthermore, high polymorphism was also detected among the genes associated with biofilm production. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, this study suggests that H. pylori may acquire virulence factors while also developing antibiotic resistance due to clarithromycin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Asyraf Rosli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anis Rageh Al-Maleki
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
| | - Mun Fai Loke
- Camtech Biomedical Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Guan Chua
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mohammed Abdelfatah Alhoot
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60155, Indonesia
- School of Graduate Studies, Management & Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Medical Education Research and Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Anyanwu MU, Jaja IF, Okpala COR, Njoga EO, Okafor NA, Oguttu JW. Mobile Colistin Resistance ( mcr) Gene-Containing Organisms in Poultry Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiology, Characteristics, and One Health Control Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1117. [PMID: 37508213 PMCID: PMC10376608 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) are plasmid-encoded genes that threaten the clinical utility of colistin (COL), one of the highest-priority critically important antibiotics (HP-CIAs) used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria in humans and animals. For more than six decades, COL has been used largely unregulated in the poultry sector in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and this has led to the development/spread of mcr gene-containing bacteria (MGCB). The prevalence rates of mcr-positive organisms from the poultry sector in LMICs between January 1970 and May 2023 range between 0.51% and 58.8%. Through horizontal gene transfer, conjugative plasmids possessing insertion sequences (ISs) (especially ISApl1), transposons (predominantly Tn6330), and integrons have enhanced the spread of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-7, mcr-8, mcr-9, and mcr-10 in the poultry sector in LMICs. These genes are harboured by Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Cronobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Shigella, Providencia, Aeromonas, Raoultella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter species, belonging to diverse clones. The mcr-1, mcr-3, and mcr-10 genes have also been integrated into the chromosomes of these bacteria and are mobilizable by ISs and integrative conjugative elements. These bacteria often coexpress mcr with virulence genes and other genes conferring resistance to HP-CIAs, such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems, fosfomycin, fluoroquinolone, and tigecycline. The transmission routes and dynamics of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs within the One Health triad include contact with poultry birds, feed/drinking water, manure, poultry farmers and their farm workwear, farming equipment, the consumption and sale of contaminated poultry meat/egg and associated products, etc. The use of pre/probiotics and other non-antimicrobial alternatives in the raising of birds, the judicious use of non-critically important antibiotics for therapy, the banning of nontherapeutic COL use, improved vaccination, biosecurity, hand hygiene and sanitization, the development of rapid diagnostic test kits, and the intensified surveillance of mcr genes, among others, could effectively control the spread of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ishmael Festus Jaja
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Charles Odilichukwu R Okpala
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
- UGA Cooperative Extension, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Emmanuel Okechukwu Njoga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 400001, Nigeria
| | | | - James Wabwire Oguttu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
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Talat A, Miranda C, Poeta P, Khan AU. Farm to table: colistin resistance hitchhiking through food. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:167. [PMID: 37014461 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Colistin is a high priority, last-resort antibiotic recklessly used in livestock and poultry farms. It is used as an antibiotic for treating multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections as well as a growth promoter in poultry and animal farms. The sub-therapeutic doses of colistin exert a selection pressure on bacteria leading to the emergence of colistin resistance in the environment. Colistin resistance gene, mcr are mostly plasmid-mediated, amplifying the horizontal gene transfer. Food products such as chicken, meat, pork etc. disseminate colistin resistance to humans through zoonotic transfer. The antimicrobial residues used in livestock and poultry often leaches to soil and water through faeces. This review highlights the recent status of colistin use in food-producing animals, its association with colistin resistance adversely affecting public health. The underlying mechanism of colistin resistance has been explored. The prohibition of over-the-counter colistin sales and as growth promoters for animals and broilers has exhibited effective stewardship of colistin resistance in several countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Absar Talat
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Carla Miranda
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
- Toxicology Research Unit (TOXRUN), IUCS, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD)UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Asad U Khan
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Costa-Júnior SD, Ferreira YLA, Agreles MAA, Alves ÁEF, Melo de Oliveira MB, Cavalcanti IMF. Gram-negative bacilli carrying mcr gene in Brazil: a pathogen on the rise. Braz J Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s42770-023-00948-w. [PMID: 36943639 PMCID: PMC10028778 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00948-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of infections caused by resistant Gram-negative pathogens has become a critical factor in public health due to the limitation of therapeutic options for the control of infections caused, especially, by Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae), Pseudomonas spp., and Acinetobacter spp. Thus, given the increase in resistant pathogens and the reduction of therapeutic options, polymyxins were reintroduced into the clinic. As the last treatment option, polymyxins were regarded as the therapeutic key, since they were one of the few classes of antimicrobials that had activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Nonetheless, over the years, the frequent use of this antimicrobial has led to reports of resistance cases. In 2015, mcr (mobile colistin resistance), a colistin resistance gene, was described in China. Due to its location on carrier plasmids, this gene is characterized by rapid spread through conjugation. It has thus been classified as a rising threat to public health worldwide. In conclusion, based on several reports that show the emergence of mcr in different regional and climatic contexts and species of isolates, this work aims to review the literature on the incidence of the mcr gene in Brazil in different regions, types of samples identified, species of isolates, and type of carrier plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Dias Costa-Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), 58.051-900, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Betânia Melo de Oliveira
- Department of Bio of Biochemistry, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Moraes Rego S/N, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Isabella Macário Ferro Cavalcanti
- Keizo Asami Institute, Federal University of Pernambuco (iLIKA/UFPE), 50.670-901, Recife, Brazil.
- Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE), Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Rua Do Alto Do Reservatório S/N, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, 55608-680, Brazil.
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Bhusal B, Yadav B, Dawadi P, Rijal KR, Ghimire P, Banjara MR. Multi-drug Resistance, β-Lactamases Production, and Coexistence of bla NDM-1 and mcr-1 in Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates From a Referral Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Microbiol Insights 2023; 16:11786361231152220. [PMID: 36741474 PMCID: PMC9893399 DOI: 10.1177/11786361231152220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of pathogenic Escherichia coli to produce carbapenemase enzymes is a characteristic that allows them to resist various antibiotics, including last-resort antibiotics like colistin and carbapenem. Our objectives were to identify rapidly developing antibiotic resistance (AR), assess β-lactamases production, and detect mcr-1 and bla NDM-1 genes in the isolates. A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in a referral hospital located in Kathmandu from November 2019 to December 2020 using standard laboratory and molecular protocols. Among 77 total E. coli isolates, 64 (83.1%) of them were categorized as MDR. Phenotypically 13 (20.3%) colistin-resistant, 30 (46.9%) ESBL and 8 (12.5%) AmpC producers, and 5 (7.8%) ESBL/AmpC co-producers were distributed among MDR-E. coli. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against the majority of MDR isolates were exhibited at 1 g/L. Of these 77 E. coli isolates, 24 (31.2%) were carbapenem-resistant. Among these carbapenem-resistant bacteria, 11 (45.9%) isolates were reported to be colistin-resistant, while 15 (62.5%) and 2 (8.3%) were MBL and KPC producers, respectively. Out of 15 MBL producers, 6 (40%) harbored bla NDM-1, and 8 (61.5%) out of 13 colistin-resistant pathogens possessed mcr-1. The resistance by colistin- and carbapenem were statistically associated (P < .001). However, only 2 (18.2%) of the co-resistant bacteria were found to have both genes. Our study revealed the highly prevalent MDR and the carbapenem-resistant E. coli and emphasized that the pathogens possess a wide range of capabilities to synthesize β-lactamases. These findings could assist to expand the understanding of AR in terms of enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhimarjun Bhusal
- Central Department of Microbiology,
Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Bindeshwar Yadav
- Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center,
Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Prabin Dawadi
- Central Department of Microbiology,
Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Komal Raj Rijal
- Central Department of Microbiology,
Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Prakash Ghimire
- Central Department of Microbiology,
Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Megha Raj Banjara
- Central Department of Microbiology,
Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal,Megha Raj Banjara, Central Department of
Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Bagmati 44618, Nepal.
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Van An N, Hoang LH, Le HHL, Thai Son N, Hong LT, Viet TT, Le TD, Thang TB, Vu LH, Nguyen VTH, Xuan Nguyen K. Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Bacteria Isolated from Blood Culture in a Teaching Hospital in Vietnam During 2014-2021. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:1677-1692. [PMID: 36992965 PMCID: PMC10041986 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s402278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Studies on the epidemiology of bloodstream infection (BSI) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are limited in Vietnam. Thus, the present study aimed to elucidate the epidemiology of BSI and AMR of BSI-causing bacteria in Vietnam. Methods Data regarding blood cultures from 2014 to 2021 were collected and analyzed using the chi-square test, Cochran-Armitage test, and binomial logistic regression model. Results Overall, 2405 (14.15%) blood cultures were positive during the study period. In total, 55.76% of BSIs occurred in patients aged ≥60 years. The male-to-female ratio of patients with BSI was 1.87:1. Escherichia coli (26.11%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.79%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.44%), Acinetobacter baumannii (4.70%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.45%) were the leading bacterial species causing BSI. The AMR rate of these bacteria isolated in the intensive care unit (ICU) was significantly higher compared with that of those in other wards. E. coli was the least resistant to carbapenems (2.39%-4.14%), amikacin (3.85%), and colistin (11.54%) and most resistant to penicillins (>80.0%). S. aureus was the least resistant to glycopeptides (0%-3.38%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (0.59%), and linezolid (1.02%) and most resistant to clindamycin (71.57%). K. pneumoniae was the least resistant to ertapenem (8.86%), amikacin (9.39%), and colistin (15.38%) and most resistant to aztreonam (83.33%). A. baumannii was the least resistant to amikacin (16.67%) and colistin (16.67%) and highly resistant to other antibiotics (≥50.0%). P. aeruginosa was the least resistant to colistin (16.33%) and piperacillin (28.17%) and highly resistant to other antibiotics (≥50.0%). Notably, the multidrug resistance rate of E. coli (76.41%) was the highest among common pathogens, followed by A. baumannii (71.57%), P. aeruginosa (64.56%), S. aureus (56.99%), and K. pneumoniae (43.72%). Conclusion The AMR rate of BSI-causing bacteria, particularly strains isolated from ICU, was alarmingly high. There is a need for new antibiotics, therapeutic strategies, as well as prevention and control to combat BSI and AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van An
- Department of Microbiology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Huy Hoang
- Department of Bacteriology, National of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hai Ha Long Le
- Department of Microbiology, Mycology and Parasitology, National hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ha Noi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thai Son
- Department of Microbiology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Thu Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tien Tran Viet
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Medical Military University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Dinh Le
- Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Medical Military University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ta Ba Thang
- Respiratory Center, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Luong Huy Vu
- Department of Laser and Skin Care, National hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ha Noi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vinh Thi Ha Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ha Noi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of General Planning, National hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kien Xuan Nguyen
- Department of Military Medical Command and Organization, Vietnam Medical Military University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Correspondence: Kien Xuan Nguyen, Department of Military Medical Command and Organization, Vietnam Medical Military University, Hanoi, Vietnam, Email
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Bastidas-Caldes C, Guerrero-Freire S, Ortuño-Gutiérrez N, Sunyoto T, Gomes-Dias CA, Ramírez MS, Calero-Cáceres W, Harries AD, Rey J, de Waard JH, Calvopiña M. Colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in humans and backyard animals in Ecuador. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e48. [PMID: 37082531 PMCID: PMC10105605 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Colistin is an antibiotic of last resort for treating serious Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, the misuse of colistin, especially as an animal growth promoter, has contributed to increasing antimicrobial resistance, mediated mainly through plasmid transfer of the mcr-1 gene. This study assessed the prevalence of phenotypic and molecular colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ecuador in healthy humans and their chickens and pigs. Methods Fecal samples were collected from humans and their chickens and pigs in two rural coastal and Amazon regions between April and August 2020. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and identified using conventional techniques. Phenotypic resistance was determined using the broth microdilution technique, and the mcr-1 gene was detected using conventional polymerase chain reaction. Results A total of 438 fecal samples were obtained from 137 humans, 147 pigs and 154 chickens. The prevalence of E. coli isolates was 86.3% (378/438) and K. pneumoniae, 37.4% (164/438). Overall, the mcr-1 gene was found in 90% (340/378) of E. coli isolates, with higher prevalences found in isolates from coastal regions (96.5%, 191/198), humans (95.6%, 111/116) and chickens (91.8%, 123/134); for K. pneumoniae, the gene was found in 19.5% (32/164) of isolates, with equal distribution between regions and hosts. Only four isolates, two E. coli and two K. pneumoniae, showed phenotypic resistance: mcr-1 was present in both E. coli strains but absent in the K. pneumoniae strains. Conclusions Despite a low prevalence of phenotypic resistance to colistin, the high prevalence of the mcr-1 gene in E. coli is of concern. Ecuador's ban on using colistin in animal husbandry must be enforced, and continual monitoring of the situation should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bastidas-Caldes
- One Health Research GroupBiotecnologíaFacultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas (FICA)Universidad de las Américas (UDLA)QuitoEcuadorOne Health Research Group, Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas (FICA), Universidad de las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
- Carlos Bastidas-Caldes,
| | - Salomé Guerrero-Freire
- Programa de Doctorado de Ciencias VeterinariasFacultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentinaPrograma de Doctorado de Ciencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Temmy Sunyoto
- Médecins Sans Frontières Operational Centre BrusselsLuxembourg Operational Research UnitLuxembourgMédecins Sans Frontières Operational Centre Brussels, Luxembourg Operational Research Unit, Luxembourg
| | - Cícero Armídio Gomes-Dias
- Department of Basic Health SciencesFederal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)Porto AlegreBrazilDepartment of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Soledad Ramírez
- Department of Biological ScienceCollege of Natural Sciences and MathematicsCalifornia State University FullertonFullertonCaliforniaUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States of America
| | - William Calero-Cáceres
- Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UTA RAM) One HealthDepartment of Food and Biotechnology Science and EngineeringUniversidad Técnica de AmbatoAmbatoEcuadorUniversidad Técnica de Ambato-Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UTA RAM) One Health, Department of Food and Biotechnology Science and Engineering, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador
| | - Anthony D. Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung DiseaseParisFranceInternational Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - Joaquín Rey
- Unidad de Patología Infecciosa y EpidemiologíaFacultad de VeterinariaUniversidad de ExtremaduraCáceresSpainUnidad de Patología Infecciosa y Epidemiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- One Health Research GroupFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de las Américas (UDLA)QuitoEcuadorOne Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Manuel Calvopiña
- One Health Research GroupFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de las Américas (UDLA)QuitoEcuadorOne Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
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State of Knowledge on the Acquisition, Diversity, Interspecies Attribution and Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance between Humans, Animals and the Environment: A Systematic Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010073. [PMID: 36671275 PMCID: PMC9854550 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antibiotics is considered one of the most urgent global public health concerns. It has considerable impacts on health and the economy, being responsible for the failure to treat infectious diseases, higher morbidity and mortality rates, and rising health costs. In spite of the joint research efforts between different humans, animals and the environment, the key directions and dynamics of the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) still remain unclear. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the current knowledge of AMR acquisition, diversity and the interspecies spread of disease between humans, animals and the environment. Using a systematic literature review, based on a One Health approach, we examined articles investigating AMR bacteria acquisition, diversity, and the interspecies spread between humans, animals and the environment. Water was the environmental sector most often represented. Samples were derived from 51 defined animal species and/or their products A large majority of studies investigated clinical samples of the human population. A large variety of 15 different bacteria genera in three phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria) were investigated. The majority of the publications compared the prevalence of pheno- and/or genotypic antibiotic resistance within the different compartments. There is evidence for a certain host or compartment specificity, regarding the occurrence of ARGs/AMR bacteria. This could indicate the rather limited AMR spread between different compartments. Altogether, there remains a very fragmented and incomplete understanding of AMR acquisition, diversity, and the interspecies spread between humans, animals and the environment. Stringent One Health epidemiological study designs are necessary for elucidating the principal routes and dynamics of the spread of AMR bacteria between humans, animals and the environment. This knowledge is an important prerequisite to develop effective public health measures to tackle the alarming AMR situation.
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12
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Comparative meta-analysis of antimicrobial resistance from different food sources along with one health approach in Italy and Thailand. One Health 2022; 16:100477. [PMID: 36593979 PMCID: PMC9803827 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing worldwide due to overuse, misuse and incomplete treatment of antibiotics. Many countries are facing the excessive issue due to the spreading of AMR not only in humans and animals, but also in water and agri-food sector. Our main aim was to perform a competitive meta-analysis of surveillance-resistant microbes and their antimicrobial superintendence in Italy and Thailand. Data have been collected from reports published for the period 2012-2021. A total of 9507 and 11,753 food samples contained 3905 (41.07%) and 3526 (30%) AMR bacteria in Italy and Thailand, respectively. In Italy, the highest microbial prevalence was β-lactam and tetracycline, while in Thailand mostly isolates showed resistance to cephalosporin and aminoglycoside. Our findings contribute to highlighting the increment of AMR related to different microbes with tendency to become multidrug resistant.
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13
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Impact of international travel and diarrhea on gut microbiome and resistome dynamics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7485. [PMID: 36470885 PMCID: PMC9722912 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
International travel contributes to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance. Travelers' diarrhea exacerbates the risk of acquiring multidrug-resistant organisms and can lead to persistent gastrointestinal disturbance post-travel. However, little is known about the impact of diarrhea on travelers' gut microbiomes, and the dynamics of these changes throughout travel. Here, we assembled a cohort of 159 international students visiting the Andean city of Cusco, Peru and applied next-generation sequencing techniques to 718 longitudinally-collected stool samples. We find that gut microbiome composition changed significantly throughout travel, but taxonomic diversity remained stable. However, diarrhea disrupted this stability and resulted in an increased abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes that can remain high for weeks. We also identified taxa differentially abundant between diarrheal and non-diarrheal samples, which were used to develop a classification model that distinguishes between these disease states. Additionally, we sequenced the genomes of 212 diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolates and found those from travelers who experienced diarrhea encoded more antimicrobial resistance genes than those who did not. In this work, we find the gut microbiomes of international travelers' are resilient to dysbiosis; however, they are also susceptible to colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria, a risk that is more pronounced in travelers with diarrhea.
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Hamame A, Davoust B, Hasnaoui B, Mwenebitu DL, Rolain JM, Diene SM. Screening of colistin-resistant bacteria in livestock animals from France. Vet Res 2022; 53:96. [DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractColistin is frequently used as a growth factor or treatment against infectious bacterial diseases in animals. The Veterinary Division of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) restricted colistin use as a second-line treatment to reduce colistin resistance. In 2020, 282 faecal samples were collected from chickens, cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs in the south of France. In order to track the emergence of mobilized colistin resistant (mcr) genes in pigs, 111 samples were re-collected in 2021 and included pig faeces, food, and water from the same location. All samples were cultured in a selective Lucie Bardet Jean-Marc Rolain (LBJMR) medium and colonies were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and then antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed. PCR and Sanger sequencing were performed to screen for the presence of mcr genes. The selective culture revealed the presence of 397 bacteria corresponding to 35 different bacterial species including Gram-negative and Gram-positive. Pigs had the highest prevalence of colistin-resistant bacteria with an abundance of intrinsically colistin-resistant bacteria and from these samples one strain harbouring both mcr-1 and mcr-3 has been isolated. The second collection allowed us to identify 304 bacteria and revealed the spread of mcr-1 and mcr-3 in pigs. In the other samples, naturally, colistin-resistant bacteria were more frequent, nevertheless the mcr-1 variant was the most abundant gene found in chicken, sheep, and goat samples and one cattle sample was positive for the mcr-3 gene. Animals are potential reservoir of colistin-resistant bacteria which varies from one animal to another. Interventions and alternative options are required to reduce the emergence of colistin resistance and to avoid zoonotic transmissions.
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15
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Bianco K, de Farias BO, Gonçalves-Brito AS, Alves do Nascimento AP, Magaldi M, Montenegro K, Flores C, Oliveira S, Monteiro MA, Spisso BF, Pereira MU, Ferreira RG, Albano RM, Cardoso AM, Clementino MM. Mobile resistome of microbial communities and antimicrobial residues from drinking water supply systems in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19050. [PMID: 36351942 PMCID: PMC9646821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widespread in the environment due to the overuse of antibiotics and other pollutants, posing a threat to human and animal health. In this study, we evaluated antimicrobial residues, bacterial diversity and ARGs in two important watersheds, Guandu and São João, that supply drinking water to Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil. In addition, tap water samples were collected from three different cities in Rio de Janeiro State, including the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro city. Clarithromycin, sulfamethoxazole and azithromycin were found in untreated water and drinking water in all samples. A greater abundance of Proteobacteria was observed in Guandu and São João watersheds, with most of the sequences belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria class. A plasmidome-focused metagenomics approach revealed 4881 (Guandu), 3705 (São João) and 3385 (drinking water) ARGs mainly associated with efflux systems. The genes encoding metallo-β-lactamase enzymes (blaAIM, blaGIM, blaIMP, and blaVIM) were detected in the two watersheds and in drinking water samples. Moreover, we demonstrated the presence of the colistin resistance genes mcr-3 and mcr-4 (both watersheds) and mcr-9 (drinking water and Guandu) for the first time in Brazil. Our data emphasize the importance of introducing measures to reduce the disposal of antibiotics and other pollutants capable of promoting the occurrence and spread of the microbial resistome on aquatic environments and predicting possible negative impacts on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Bianco
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde INCQS/FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 4365, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Oliveira de Farias
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde INCQS/FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 4365, Brazil
| | - Andressa Silva Gonçalves-Brito
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde INCQS/FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 4365, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Alves do Nascimento
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde INCQS/FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 4365, Brazil
| | - Mariana Magaldi
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde INCQS/FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 4365, Brazil
| | - Kaylanne Montenegro
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde INCQS/FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 4365, Brazil
| | - Claudia Flores
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde INCQS/FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 4365, Brazil
| | - Samara Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde INCQS/FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 4365, Brazil
| | - Mychelle Alves Monteiro
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde INCQS/FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 4365, Brazil
| | - Bernardete Ferraz Spisso
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde INCQS/FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 4365, Brazil
| | - Mararlene Ulberg Pereira
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde INCQS/FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 4365, Brazil
| | - Rosana Gomes Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde INCQS/FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 4365, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maysa Mandetta Clementino
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde INCQS/FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 4365, Brazil
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Ajose DJ, Abolarinwa TO, Oluwarinde BO, Montso PK, Fayemi OE, Aremu AO, Ateba CN. Application of Plant-Derived Nanoparticles (PDNP) in Food-Producing Animals as a Bio-Control Agent against Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102426. [PMID: 36289688 PMCID: PMC9599314 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are regularly used in animal husbandry to treat diseases. This practice is beneficial to animals’ health and helps ensure food security. However, the misuse of antibiotics, especially in food-producing animals, has resulted in the advent of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its dissemination among foodborne pathogens. The occurrence of AMR in bacteria pathogens that cause infections in animals and those associated with food spoilage is now considered a global health concern affecting humans, animals and the environment. The search for alternative antimicrobial agents has kindled the interest of many researchers. Among the alternatives, using plant-derived nanoparticles (PDNPs) for treating microbial dysfunctions in food-producing animals has gained significant attention. In traditional medicine, plant extracts are considered as safe, efficient and natural antibacterial agents for various animal diseases. Given the complexity of the AMR and concerns about issues at the interface of human health, animal health and the environment, it is important to emphasize the role of a One Health approach in addressing this problem. This review examines the potential of PDNPs as bio-control agents in food-producing animals, intending to provide consumers with microbiologically safe food while ensuring food safety and security, better health for animals and humans and a safe environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jesuwenu Ajose
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Phage Bio-Control Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Tesleem Olatunde Abolarinwa
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Phage Bio-Control Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Bukola Opeyemi Oluwarinde
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Phage Bio-Control Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Peter Kotsoana Montso
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Phage Bio-Control Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Omolola Esther Fayemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Phage Bio-Control Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-18-389-2247
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Occurrence and Characterisation of Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli in Raw Meat in Southern Italy in 2018-2020. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091805. [PMID: 36144407 PMCID: PMC9502372 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin is a last-resort drug for the treatment of infections by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and the emergence of colistin resistance poses a serious clinical challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in retail meat in Southern Italy in 2018-2020. Of 570 samples, 147 contained E. coli. Two out of 147 (1.4%) E. coli showed a non-wild-type phenotype to colistin and harboured mcr-1. mcr-1 was also detected in a wild-type isolate, resulting in a 2% mcr prevalence. mcr-1-positive isolates originated from turkey meat collected in Apulia (n = 2) and Basilicata (n = 1). A whole-genome sequencing analysis confirmed mcr-1.2 and mcr-1.1 in two and one isolate, respectively. The strains were diverse, belonging to three multi-locus sequence types (ST354, ST410, SLV of ST10) and harbouring genes mediating resistance to antimicrobials in two, six and seven classes. mcr-1 was carried by IncX4 plasmids with high nucleotide similarity to IncX4 plasmids harbouring mcr-1.2 and mcr-1.1 in Enterobacterales from different sources and geographical regions. This is the first study reporting updates on E. coli non-wild-type to colistin from retail meat in Southern Italy, highlighting the importance of phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance surveillance to contain the dissemination of mcr among E. coli.
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Molecular Characterization of pBOq-IncQ and pBOq-95LK Plasmids of Escherichia coli BOq 01, a New Isolated Strain from Poultry Farming, Involved in Antibiotic Resistance. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081509. [PMID: 35893567 PMCID: PMC9331969 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in antimicrobial resistance has raised questions about how to use these drugs safely, especially in veterinary medicine, animal nutrition, and agriculture. Escherichia coli is an important human and animal pathogen that frequently contains plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes. Extra chromosomal elements are required for various functions or conditions in microorganisms. Several phage-like plasmids have been identified, which are important in antibiotic resistance. In this work, the molecular characterization of the pBOq-IncQ (4.5 kb) and pBOq-95LK (95 kb) plasmids found in the E. coli strain BOq 01, a multidrug resistant bacteria isolated from a poultry farm, are considered. Plasmid pBOq-IncQ belongs to the incQ incompatibility plasmid family and is involved in sulfonamide resistance. Plasmid pBOq-95LK is a lytic phage-like plasmid that is involved in the lysis of the E. coli BOq 01 strain and carries a bleomycin resistance gene and a strain cured of this plasmid shows bleomycin sensitivity. Induction of the lytic cycle indicates that this phage-like plasmid is an active phage. This type of plasmid has been reported to acquire genes such as mcr-1, which codes for colistin resistance and bacterial persistence and is a significant public health threat. A genome comparison, a pangenomic and phylogenomic analysis with other phage-like plasmids reported in the literature were performed to understand better the evolution of this kind of plasmid in bacteria and its potential importance in antibiotic resistance.
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Yang X, Shu R, Hou L, Ren P, Lu X, Huang Z, Zhong Z, Wang H. mcr-1-Mediated In Vitro Inhibition of Plasmid Transfer Is Reversed by the Intestinal Environment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070875. [PMID: 35884129 PMCID: PMC9311533 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin is regarded as an antibiotic of last resort against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Colistin resistance is acquired by microorganisms via chromosome-mediated mutations or plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (mcr) gene, in which the transfer of mcr is the predominant factor underlying the spread of colistin resistance. However, the factors that are responsible for the spread of the mcr gene are still unclear. In this study, we observed that mcr-1 inhibited the transfer of the pHNSHP45 backbone in liquid mating. Similar inhibitory effect of mcr-1.6 and chromosomal mutant ΔmgrB suggested that colistin resistance, acquired from either plasmid or chromosomal mutation, hindered the transfer of colistin resistance-related plasmid in vitro. Dual plasmid system further proved that co-existing plasmid transfer was reduced too. However, this inhibitory effect was reversed in vivo. Some factors in the gut, including bile salt and anaerobic conditions, could increase the transfer frequency of the mcr-1-containing plasmid. Our results demonstrated the potential risk for the spread of colistin resistance in the intestine, provide a scientific basis against the transmission of colistin resistance threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China; (X.Y.); (R.S.); (L.H.); (P.R.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Rundong Shu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China; (X.Y.); (R.S.); (L.H.); (P.R.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Leqi Hou
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China; (X.Y.); (R.S.); (L.H.); (P.R.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Panpan Ren
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China; (X.Y.); (R.S.); (L.H.); (P.R.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China;
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China; (X.Y.); (R.S.); (L.H.); (P.R.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zengtao Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China; (X.Y.); (R.S.); (L.H.); (P.R.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China; (X.Y.); (R.S.); (L.H.); (P.R.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-84396645
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Khuntayaporn P, Thirapanmethee K, Chomnawang MT. An Update of Mobile Colistin Resistance in Non-Fermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:882236. [PMID: 35782127 PMCID: PMC9248837 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.882236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin, the last resort for multidrug and extensively drug-resistant bacterial infection treatment, was reintroduced after being avoided in clinical settings from the 1970s to the 1990s because of its high toxicity. Colistin is considered a crucial treatment option for Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are listed as critical priority pathogens for new antibiotics by the World Health Organization. The resistance mechanisms of colistin are considered to be chromosomally encoded, and no horizontal transfer has been reported. Nevertheless, in November 2015, a transmissible resistance mechanism of colistin, called mobile colistin resistance (MCR), was discovered. Up to ten families with MCR and more than 100 variants of Gram-negative bacteria have been reported worldwide. Even though few have been reported from Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp., it is important to closely monitor the epidemiology of mcr genes in these pathogens. Therefore, this review focuses on the most recent update on colistin resistance and the epidemiology of mcr genes among non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli, especially Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyatip Khuntayaporn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Group (AmRIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Piyatip Khuntayaporn,
| | - Krit Thirapanmethee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Group (AmRIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mullika Traidej Chomnawang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Group (AmRIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Furlan JPR, Dos Santos LDR, Ramos MS, Gallo IFL, Moretto JAS, Stehling EG. Occurrence of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes, including mcr-3 and mcr-7.1, in soil and water from a recreation club. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:819-828. [PMID: 32735122 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1799953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We researched clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in environmental samples from a recreation club in Brazil. A total of 172 amplicons (105 from soil and 67 from water) of 26 ARGs (20 among the soil and water samples; four only in soil samples; two only in water samples) were detected. Nine MGEs were detected, including plasmids and class 1 integron. The absolute abundance of the mcr-3 gene ranged from 1.12 × 102 to 1.81 × 103 copies/mL-1 in water samples. The rapid spread of mcr-like genes in several sources has generated a huge concern to public health. Accordingly, understanding of antimicrobial resistance, carry out surveillance studies may contribute to tackle antimicrobial resistance. As the environmental samples were collected from a popular recreation club in Brazil, this study points out to the risk and exposure to clinically relevant ARGs, especially to mcr-3 and mcr-7.1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Rueda Furlan
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Lucas David Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Micaela Santana Ramos
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Inara Fernanda Lage Gallo
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Jéssica Aparecida Silva Moretto
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Departamento De Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
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22
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Velazquez-Meza ME, Galarde-López M, Carrillo-Quiróz B, Alpuche-Aranda CM. Antimicrobial resistance: One Health approach. Vet World 2022; 15:743-749. [PMID: 35497962 PMCID: PMC9047147 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.743-749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, a review of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is conducted as part of the One Health approach. A review of publications, which included “antimicrobial resistance” and “One Health,” was conducted. Among the global health problems, AMR is the one that most clearly illustrates the One Health approach. AMR is a critical global problem affecting humans, the environment, and animals. This is related to each of these three components due to the irresponsible and excessive use of antimicrobials in various sectors (agriculture, livestock, and human medicine). Improper management of antimicrobials, inadequate control of infections, agricultural debris, pollutants in the environment, and migration of people and animals infected with resistant bacteria facilitate the spread of resistance. The study aimed to analyze the problem of AMR from a health perspective to analyze the different actors involved in One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Velazquez-Meza
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Miguel Galarde-López
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Berta Carrillo-Quiróz
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Celia Mercedes Alpuche-Aranda
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Stasiak M, Maćkiw E, Kowalska J, Kucharek K, Postupolski J. Silent Genes: Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Production. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 70:421-429. [PMID: 35003274 PMCID: PMC8702603 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Silent genes are DNA sequences that are generally not expressed or expressed at a very low level. These genes become active as a result of mutation, recombination, or insertion. Silent genes can also be activated in laboratory conditions using pleiotropic, targeted genome-wide, or biosynthetic gene cluster approaches. Like every other gene, silent genes can spread through horizontal gene transfer. Most studies have focused on strains with phenotypic resistance, which is the most common subject. However, to fully understand the mechanism behind the spreading of antibiotic resistance, it is reasonable to study the whole resistome, including silent genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stasiak
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Maćkiw
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucharek
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Postupolski
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Hassan IZ, Wandrag B, Gouws JJ, Qekwana DN, Naidoo V. Antimicrobial resistance and mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry samples submitted to a bacteriology laboratory in South Africa. Vet World 2021; 14:2662-2669. [PMID: 34903923 PMCID: PMC8654743 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2662-2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and recently mobilized colistin resistance (mcr-1) associated colistin resistance among Escherichia coli isolates have been attributed to the overuse of antimicrobials in livestock production. E. coli remains an important pathogen, often associated with mortality and low carcass weight in poultry medicine; therefore, the need to use antimicrobials is common. The study aimed to determine the AMR profile and presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in avian pathogenic E. coli from poultry samples tested at a bacteriology laboratory for routine diagnosis. This is a first step in understanding the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. Materials and Methods Fifty E. coli strains were assessed for resistance against ten antimicrobial drugs using broth microdilution. All isolates with a colistin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/mL were analyzed for the presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes by employing the polymerase chain reaction. For each isolate, the following farm information was obtained: farm location, type of farm, and on-farm use of colistin. Results Sixty-eight percent of the strains were resistant to at least one antimicrobial; 44% were multiple drug-resistant (MDR). Most E. coli isolates were resistant to doxycycline (44%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (38%), ampicillin (32%), and enrofloxacin (32%). None of the E. coli strains was resistant to colistin sulfate (MIC90 of 2 μg/mL). Only one E. coli isolate held the mcr-1 gene; none carried the mcr-2 gene. Conclusion Resistance among E. coli isolates in this study was fairly high. Resistance to commonly used antimicrobials was observed, such as doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and enrofloxacin. Only a single E. coli strain carried the mcr-1 gene, suggesting that mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes are common among isolates in this study. The prevalence of AMR, however, suggests that farmers must implement standard biosecurity measures to reduce E. coli burden, and antimicrobial use to prolong the efficacy life span of some of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Z Hassan
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Veterinary Pharmacology/Toxicology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Buks Wandrag
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Johan J Gouws
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniel N Qekwana
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Veterinary Public Health Section, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Vinny Naidoo
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Veterinary Pharmacology/Toxicology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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25
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Quincho-Lopez A, Pacheco-Mendoza J. Research Trends and Collaboration Patterns on Polymyxin Resistance: A Bibliometric Analysis (2010-2019). Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:702937. [PMID: 34744707 PMCID: PMC8569321 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.702937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious public health problem that has become a global threat. Special attention should be given to polymyxins (polymyxin B and colistin) which, since their reintroduction into clinical practice, are considered “last resort” drugs. The objective of this study is to perform a bibliometric analysis of scientific research on polymyxin resistance. Methods: Scopus was used to retrieve documents relevant to polymyxin resistance from 2010 to 2019. Data was exported to Microsoft Excel for table presentation. SciVal was used for volume and citation analysis as well as collaboration patterns. Also, we extracted data regarding the top documents, authors, countries, institutions, and the metrics of journals. VantagePoint and VOSviewer were used for geographical distribution of worldwide research and keyword co-occurrence analysis, respectively. Results: A total of 1,409 documents were retrieved. The retrieved documents received 25.0 citations per document. Articles (73.88%) and letters (18.09%) were the most frequent types of documents. During 2010–2019, there was a significant growth in publications (p-value < 0.001). The received citations were 35,209 with a peak in 2016 (11,250 citations). China and the United States led the scientific production with 299 (21.2%) and 238 (16.9%) publications, respectively. Little or no contribution came from central Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America. Chinese institutions have caused the greatest impact, with University of Zhejiang (China) being the most prolific institution on the subject (88 documents). In terms of the most productive journals, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ranked first with 196 (13.9%) documents. Most of the documents were published in quartile one journals and only had national collaboration (43.2%). Analysis of keyword co-occurrence revealed that research on polymyxin resistance during the last decade has focused on its relationship with public health, pharmacology, and genetics. Conclusion: The number of documents on polymyxin resistance has increased significantly in the recent years, with a steep growth from 2016 onwards. China and the United States led the scientific production. Most of the documents were published in high-quality journals. Greater joint efforts and more contribution from central Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America are still needed to tackle this global problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Quincho-Lopez
- San Fernando Medical School, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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Valiakos G, Kapna I. Colistin Resistant mcr Genes Prevalence in Livestock Animals (Swine, Bovine, Poultry) from a Multinational Perspective. A Systematic Review. Vet Sci 2021; 8:265. [PMID: 34822638 PMCID: PMC8619609 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to collect and present the results of relevant studies on an international level, on the subject of colistin resistance due to mcr genes prevalence in livestock animals. After a literature search, and using PRISMA guidelines principles, a total of 40 swine, 16 bovine and 31 poultry studies were collected concerning mcr-1 gene; five swine, three bovine and three poultry studies referred to mcr-2 gene; eight swine, one bovine, two poultry studies were about mcr-3 gene; six swine, one bovine and one poultry manuscript studied mcr-4 gene; five swine manuscripts studied mcr-5 gene; one swine manuscript was about mcr-6, mcr-7, mcr-8, mcr-9 genes and one poultry study about mcr-10 gene was found. Information about colistin resistance in bacteria derived from animals and animal product foods is still considered limited and that should be continually enhanced; most of the information about clinical isolates are relative to enteropathogens Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. This review demonstrates the widespread dispersion of mcr genes to livestock animals, indicating the need to further increase measures to control this important threat for public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Valiakos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
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27
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Genotyping of paired KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with and without divergent polymyxin B susceptibility profiles. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1981-1989. [PMID: 34460074 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins are still used mainly in treating infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae worldwide. The most frequent mechanism of acquired resistance to polymyxins in Gram-negative bacilli is the occurrence of mutations in chromosomal genes regulating operons responsible for lipopolysaccharide modification. As we observed at Santa Casa de São Paulo hospital the occurrence of infections caused by isolates resistant to polymyxins in patients previously treated with this antimicrobial, and new infections caused by the same polymyxin-susceptible species, in this study, we aimed to determine the clonality of consecutive K. pneumoniae isolates from the same patients and characterize the molecular determinants of polymyxin resistance in paired or clonal isolates. A total of 24 pairs and one trio of K. pneumoniae isolates were included in this study. Species identification was achieved by mass spectrometry and multiplex PCR. Polymyxin B minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined by broth microdilution. Clonality was evaluated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The presence of insertions in mgrB gene was tested by PCR, and mutations on pmrA, pmrB, phoP, and phoQ were evaluated by PCR and complete nucleotide sequencing. A fraction of 23.8% of strains resistant to polymyxin B had an insertion in mgrB. Amino acid substitution F204L in PmrB may be implicated in polymyxin resistance. Substitutions T246A and R256G in PmrB were not implicated in polymyxin resistance. In this study, polymyxin resistance after a first susceptible isolate was detected was most frequently due to an infection caused by a distinct clone.
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Rodríguez-Santiago J, Cornejo-Juárez P, Silva-Sánchez J, Garza-Ramos U. Polymyxin resistance in Enterobacterales: overview and epidemiology in the Americas. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 58:106426. [PMID: 34419579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide spread of carbapenem- and polymyxin-resistant Enterobacterales represents an urgent public-health threat. However, for most countries in the Americas, the available data are limited, although Latin America has been suggested as a silent spreading reservoir for isolates carrying plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance mechanisms. This work provides an overall update on polymyxin and polymyxin resistance and focuses on uses, availability and susceptibility testing. Moreover, a comprehensive review of the current polymyxin resistance epidemiology in the Americas is provided. We found that reports in the English and Spanish literature show widespread carbapenemase-producing and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Americas determined by the clonal expansion of the pandemic clone ST258 and mgrB-mediated colistin resistance. In addition, widespread IncI2 and IncX4 plasmids carrying mcr-1 in Escherichia coli come mainly from human sources; however, plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in the Americas is underreported in the veterinary sector. These findings demonstrate the urgent need for the implementation of polymyxin resistance surveillance in Enterobacterales as well as appropriate regulatory measures for antimicrobial use in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rodríguez-Santiago
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - P Cornejo-Juárez
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Ciudad de México, México
| | - J Silva-Sánchez
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - U Garza-Ramos
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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Zhang AN, Gaston JM, Dai CL, Zhao S, Poyet M, Groussin M, Yin X, Li LG, van Loosdrecht MCM, Topp E, Gillings MR, Hanage WP, Tiedje JM, Moniz K, Alm EJ, Zhang T. An omics-based framework for assessing the health risk of antimicrobial resistance genes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4765. [PMID: 34362925 PMCID: PMC8346589 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widespread among bacteria. However, not all ARGs pose serious threats to public health, highlighting the importance of identifying those that are high-risk. Here, we developed an ‘omics-based’ framework to evaluate ARG risk considering human-associated-enrichment, gene mobility, and host pathogenicity. Our framework classifies human-associated, mobile ARGs (3.6% of all ARGs) as the highest risk, which we further differentiate as ‘current threats’ (Rank I; 3%) - already present among pathogens - and ‘future threats’ (Rank II; 0.6%) - novel resistance emerging from non-pathogens. Our framework identified 73 ‘current threat’ ARG families. Of these, 35 were among the 37 high-risk ARGs proposed by the World Health Organization and other literature; the remaining 38 were significantly enriched in hospital plasmids. By evaluating all pathogen genomes released since framework construction, we confirmed that ARGs that recently transferred into pathogens were significantly enriched in Rank II (‘future threats’). Lastly, we applied the framework to gut microbiome genomes from fecal microbiota transplantation donors. We found that although ARGs were widespread (73% of genomes), only 8.9% of genomes contained high-risk ARGs. Our framework provides an easy-to-implement approach to identify current and future antimicrobial resistance threats, with potential clinical applications including reducing risk of microbiome-based interventions. Antibiotic resistance genes are common but not all are of high risk to human health. Here, the authors develop an omics-based framework for ranking genes by risk that incorporates level of enrichment in human associated environments, gene mobility, and host pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Ni Zhang
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | | | - Chengzhen L Dai
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Shijie Zhao
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Mathilde Poyet
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Mathieu Groussin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Xiaole Yin
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li-Guan Li
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Centre (LRDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael R Gillings
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William P Hanage
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - James M Tiedje
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences and of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Katya Moniz
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Eric J Alm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Center for Environmental Engineering Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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30
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Köck R, Herr C, Kreienbrock L, Schwarz S, Tenhagen BA, Walther B. Multiresistant Gram-Negative Pathogens—A Zoonotic Problem. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 118:579-589. [PMID: 33814041 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing, carbapenemase-producing, and colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E, CPE, and Col-E) are multiresistant pathogens that are increasingly being encountered in both human and veterinary medicine. In this review, we discuss the frequency, sources, and significance of the zoonotic transmission of these pathogens between animals and human beings. METHODS This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective literature search. Findings for Germany are presented in the global context. RESULTS ESBL-E are common in Germany in both animals and human beings, with a 6-10% colonization rate in the general human population. A major source of ESBL-E is human-tohuman transmission, partly through travel. Some colonizations are of zoonotic origin (i.e., brought about by contact with animals or animal-derived food products); in the Netherlands, more than 20% of cases are thought to be of this type. CPE infections, on the other hand, are rare in Germany in both animals and human beings. Their main source in human beings is nosocomial transmission. Col-E, which bear mcr resistance genes, have been described in Germany mainly in food-producing animals and their meat. No representative data are available on Col-E in human beings in Germany; in Europe, the prevalence of colonization is less than 2%, with long-distance travel as a risk factor. The relevance of animals as a source of Col-E for human beings is not yet entirely clear. CONCLUSION Livestock farming and animal contact affect human colonization with the multiresistant Gram-negative pathogens CPE, ESBL-E and Col-E to differing extents. Improved prevention will require the joint efforts of human and veterinary medicine.
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31
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Cheng P, Yang Y, Cao S, Liu H, Li X, Sun J, Li F, Ishfaq M, Zhang X. Prevalence and Characteristic of Swine-Origin mcr-1-Positive Escherichia coli in Northeastern China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:712707. [PMID: 34354696 PMCID: PMC8329492 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 is threatening the last-line role of colistin in human medicine. With mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from food animal being frequently reported in China, the prevalence of mcr-1 in food animal has attracted public attention. In the present study, a total of 105 colistin-resistant E. coli strains were isolated from 200 fecal samples collected from six swine farms in northeastern China. mcr-PCR revealed that the prevalence of mcr-1 in colistin-resistant E. coli was 53.33% (56/105). mcr-1-positive E. coli showed extensive antimicrobial resistance profiles with the presence of additional resistance genes, increased expression of multidrug efflux pump-associated genes, and increased biofilm formation ability. MLST differentiated all the mcr-1-positive E. coli into 25 sequence types (STs) and five unknown ST, and the most common ST was ST10 (n = 11). By phylogenetic group classification, the distribution of all mcr-1-positive E. coli belonging to groups A, B1, B2, and D was 46.43, 35.71, 5.36, and 5.36%, respectively. Conjugation experiment demonstrated that most of the mcr-1 were transferable at frequencies of 2.68 × 10–6–3.73 × 10–3 among 30 representative mcr-1-positive E. coli. The plasmid replicon types IncI2 (n = 9), IncX4 (n = 5), IncHI2 (n = 3), IncN (n = 3), and IncP (n = 1) were detected in the transconjugants. The results of growth assay, competition experiment, and plasmid stability testing showed that acquisition of mcr-1-harboring plasmids could reduce the fitness of bacterial hosts, but mcr-1 remained stable in the recipient strain. Due to the potential possibility of these mcr-1-positive E. coli being transmitted to humans through the food chain or through horizontal transmission, therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor the prevalence and dissemination of mcr-1 in food animal, particularly in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cheng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Pharmacology Teaching and Research Department, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Sai Cao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Haibin Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jichao Sun
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fulei Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Anyanwu MU, Marrollo R, Paolucci M, Brovarone F, Nardini P, Chah KF, Shoyinka SVO, Carretto E. Isolation and characterisation of colistin-resistant Enterobacterales from chickens in Southeast Nigeria. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 26:93-100. [PMID: 34091039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resistance to colistin (CST) mediated by mobile genetic elements has had a broad impact worldwide. There is an intensified call for epidemiological surveillance of mcr in different reservoirs to preserve CST for future generations. In Nigeria, the poultry industry is a key livestock sector. This study was undertaken to screen putative colistin-resistant Enterobacterales (CST-r-E) from poultry birds in Southeast Nigeria and to determine the genetic relatedness of mcr-harbouring isolates. METHODS Faecal and cloacal swab samples (n = 785) were collected from chickens in 17 farms located in three contiguous states in Southeast Nigeria between March-November 2018. Following selective culture, CST-r-E were isolated. Confirmation of CST resistance, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular detection of genes mcr-1 to mcr-10, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis were performed on the isolates. A questionnaire was distributed to investigate the knowledge about CST and its use of chicken farm caretakers. RESULTS Of the 785 samples evaluated, 45 (5.7%) were positive for 48 CST-r-E, among which 23 harboured the mcr-1 gene (22 Escherichia coli and 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae). In two E.coli isolates, a new allelic variant (mcr-1.22) was detected. RAPD analysis allowed the identification of 11 different fingerprints. MLST also revealed 11 STs, with 3 of them being novel. CONCLUSION mcr has significantly spread in poultry birds of Southeast Nigeria, which poses a worrisome risk to veterinary and human health. Strategies to prevent indiscriminate use of CST in farms should be quickly adopted before CST resistance becomes a huge global health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Anyanwu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 400001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - R Marrollo
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, IRCCS Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, AUSL Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - M Paolucci
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, IRCCS Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, AUSL Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - F Brovarone
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, IRCCS Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, AUSL Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - P Nardini
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, IRCCS Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, AUSL Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - K F Chah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 400001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - S V O Shoyinka
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 400001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - E Carretto
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, IRCCS Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, AUSL Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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Lentz SAM, Dalmolin TV, Barth AL, Martins AF. mcr-1 Gene in Latin America: How Is It Disseminated Among Humans, Animals, and the Environment? Front Public Health 2021; 9:648940. [PMID: 34026712 PMCID: PMC8139396 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.648940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Adriana Mayer Lentz
- Programa de Ps Graduao em Microbiologia Agrcola e Do Ambiente, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratrio de Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Cincias Bsicas da Sade, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Afonso Lus Barth
- Laboratrio de Pesquisa em Resistncia Bacteriana (LABRESIS), Hospital de Clnicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andreza Francisco Martins
- Programa de Ps Graduao em Microbiologia Agrcola e Do Ambiente, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratrio de Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Cincias Bsicas da Sade, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratrio de Pesquisa em Resistncia Bacteriana (LABRESIS), Hospital de Clnicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Paiva Y, Nagano DS, Cotia ALF, Guimarães T, Martins RCR, Perdigão Neto LV, Côrtes MF, Marchi AP, Corscadden L, Machado AS, Paula AID, Franco LAM, Neves PR, Levin AS, Costa SF. Colistin-resistant Escherichia coli belonging to different sequence types: genetic characterization of isolates responsible for colonization, community- and healthcare-acquired infections. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2021; 63:e38. [PMID: 33909852 PMCID: PMC8075621 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202163038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance gene named mcr-1 has
been recently described in different countries and it became a public health
challenge. Of note, few studies have addressed the spread of Escherichia
coli harboring the mcr-1 gene in both, community
and hospital settings. A total of seven colistin-resistant E.
coli carrying mcr-1, collected from 2016 to 2018,
from community (n=4), healthcare-acquired infections (n=2) and colonization
(n=1) were identified in three high complexity hospitals in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
These colistin-resistant isolates were screened for mcr genes
by PCR and all strains were submitted to Whole Genome Sequencing and the
conjugation experiment. The seven strains belonged to seven distinct sequence
types (ST744, ST131, ST69, ST48, ST354, ST57, ST10), and they differ regarding
the resistance profiles. Transference of mcr-1 by conjugation
to E. coli strain C600 was possible in five of the seven
isolates. The mcr-1 gene was found in plasmid types IncX4 or
IncI2. Three of the isolates have ESBL-encoding genes (blaCTX-M-2, n=2; blaCTX-M-8, n=1). We hereby report genetically distinct E.
coli isolates, belonging to seven STs, harboring the
mcr-1 gene, associated to community and healthcare-acquired
infections, and colonization in patients from three hospitals in Sao Paulo.
These findings point out for the potential spread of plasmid-mediated
colistin-resistance mechanism in E. coli strains in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yrving Paiva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Satie Nagano
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre Luis Franco Cotia
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Guimarães
- Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marina Farrel Côrtes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Marchi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Regina Neves
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Sara Levin
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Barbieri NL, Pimenta RL, de Melo DA, Nolan LK, de Souza MMS, Logue CM. mcr-1 Identified in Fecal Escherichia coli and Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC) From Brazil. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:659613. [PMID: 33959114 PMCID: PMC8093808 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.659613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Colisitin-associated resistance in bacteria of food producing animals has gained significant attention with the mcr gene being linked with resistance. Recently, newer variants of mcr have emerged with more than nine variants currently recognized. Reports of mcr associated resistance in Escherichia coli of poultry appear to be relatively limited, but its prevalence requires assessment since poultry is one of the most important and cheapest sources of the world’s protein and the emergence of resistance could limit our ability to treat disease outbreaks. Here, 107 E. coli isolates from production poultry were screened for the presence of mcr 1–9. The isolates were collected between April 2015 and June 2016 from broiler chickens and free-range layer hens in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. All isolates were recovered from the trachea and cloaca of healthy birds and an additional two isolates were recovered from sick birds diagnosed with colibacillosis. All isolates were screened for the presence of mcr-1 to 9 using PCR and Sanger sequencing for confirmation of positive genes. Additionally, pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis, avian fecal E. coli (APEC) virulence associated gene screening, plasmid replicon typing and antimicrobial resistance phenotype and resistance gene screening, were also carried out to further characterize these isolates. The mcr-1 gene was detected in 62 (57.9%) isolates (61 healthy and 1 APEC) and the mcr-5 gene was detected in 3 (2.8%) isolates; mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-6, mcr-7, mcr-8, and mcr-9 were not detected in any isolate. In addition, mcr 1 and 5 positive isolates were phenotypically resistant to colistin using the agar dilution assay (> 8ug/ml). PFGE analysis found that most of the isolates screened had unique fingerprints suggesting that the emergence of colistin resistance was not the result of clonal dissemination. Plasmid replicon types IncI2, FIB, and B/O were found in 38, 36, and 34% of the mcr positive isolates and were the most prevalent replicon types detected; tetA and tetB (32 and 26%, respectively) were the most prevalent antimicrobial resistance genes detected and iutA, was the most prevalent APEC virulence associated gene, detected in 50% of the isolates. Approximately 32% of the isolates examined could be classified as APEC-like, based on the presence of 3 or more genes of APEC virulence associated path panel (iroN, ompT, hlyF, iss, iutA). This study has identified a high prevalence of mcr-1 in poultry isolates in Brazil, suggesting that animal husbandry practices could result in a potential source of resistance to the human food chain in countries where application of colistin in animal health is practiced. Emergence of the mcr gene and associated colisitin resistance in production poultry warrants continued monitoring from the animal health and human health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Lima Barbieri
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ramon Loureiro Pimenta
- Department of Veterinary Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil
| | - Dayanne Araujo de Melo
- Department of Veterinary Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil
| | - Lisa K Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Dutra MC, Moreno LZ, Dias RA, Moreno AM. Antimicrobial Use in Brazilian Swine Herds: Assessment of Use and Reduction Examples. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040881. [PMID: 33924277 PMCID: PMC8074920 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil, as a major pig producer, is currently experiencing the widespread use of antimicrobials as a serious issue to be addressed. For measures to be taken in this direction, the extent of the problem must be known. The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of antimicrobials in 25 Brazilian swine herds. Antimicrobial use from birth to slaughter was correlated with biosecurity and productivity. After the first assessment (2016; M0), 13 herds implemented good practices to reduce antimicrobial use. Four years after the implementation of these measures (2020; M1), data about antimicrobial usage from these herds were collected. The results of the first assessment (M0) demonstrated a troublesome scenario: the mean value of antimicrobials used was 358.4 mg/kg of pig produced; the median of the pig’s lifetime exposure to antimicrobials was 73.7%, and the median number of drugs used was seven. A positive correlation between the antimicrobials consumed and the pig’s antimicrobial exposure time was detected. Nevertheless, these data did not correlate with biosecurity score or productivity. A significant difference was detected in M1, where a median 30% reduction in antimicrobials consumed was detected. There was also a 44.3% reduction of the pig’s lifetime exposure to antimicrobials. The median number of drugs used was reduced from seven to five. Antimicrobial use did not always reflect the sanitary condition or the real therapeutic needs, easily leading to overuse.
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Multi-Drug Resistant Plasmids with ESBL/AmpC and mcr-5.1 in Paraguayan Poultry Farms: The Linkage of Antibiotic Resistance and Hatcheries. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040866. [PMID: 33920558 PMCID: PMC8072826 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry represents a common source of bacteria with resistance to antibiotics including the critically important ones. Selective cultivation using colistin, cefotaxime and meropenem was performed for 66 chicken samples coming from 12 farms in Paraguay while two breeding companies supplied the farms. A total of 62 Escherichia coli and 22 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were obtained and representative isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Relatively high prevalence of phylogenetic group D and F was observed in E. coli isolates and several zoonotic sequence types (STs) including ST457 (14 isolates), ST38 (5), ST10 (2), ST117 (2) or ST93 (4) were detected. Isolates from three farms, which purchased chicken from a Paraguayan hatchery showed higher prevalence of mcr-5.1 and blaCTX-M-8 compared to the other nine farms, which purchased chickens from a Brazilian hatchery. Moreover, none of the K. pneumoniae isolates were linked to the Paraguayan hatchery. ESBL/AmpC and mcr-5-carrying multi-drug resistant (MDR) plasmids were characterized, and complete sequences were obtained for eight plasmids. The study shed light on Paraguayan poultry farms as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance commonly conferred via MDR plasmids and showed linkage between resistance and origin of the chickens at the hatcheries level.
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38
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Nagy Á, Székelyhidi R, Hanczné Lakatos E, Kapcsándi V. Review on the occurrence of the mcr-1 gene causing colistin resistance in cow's milk and dairy products. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06800. [PMID: 33898852 PMCID: PMC8060599 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Both livestock farmers and the clinic use significant amount of antibiotics worldwide, in many cases the same kind. Antibiotic resistance is not a new phenomenon, however, it is a matter of concern that resistance genes (mcr - Mobilized Colistin Resistance - genes) that render last-resort drugs (Colistin) ineffective, have already evolved. Nowadays, there is a significant consumption of milk and dairy products, which, if not treated properly, can contain bacteria (mainly Gram-negative bacteria). We collected articles and reviews in which Gram-negative bacteria carrying the mcr-1 gene have been detected in milk, dairy products, or cattle. Reports have shown that although the incidence is still low, unfortunately the gene has been detected in some dairy products on almost every continent. In the interest of our health, the use of colistin in livestock farming must be banned as soon as possible, and new treatments should be applied so that we can continue to have a chance in fighting multidrug-resistant bacteria in human medicine.
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39
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Zalewska M, Błażejewska A, Czapko A, Popowska M. Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Animal Manure - Consequences of Its Application in Agriculture. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:610656. [PMID: 33854486 PMCID: PMC8039466 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.610656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a relatively new type of pollutant. The rise in antibiotic resistance observed recently is closely correlated with the uncontrolled and widespread use of antibiotics in agriculture and the treatment of humans and animals. Resistant bacteria have been identified in soil, animal feces, animal housing (e.g., pens, barns, or pastures), the areas around farms, manure storage facilities, and the guts of farm animals. The selection pressure caused by the irrational use of antibiotics in animal production sectors not only promotes the survival of existing antibiotic-resistant bacteria but also the development of new resistant forms. One of the most critical hot-spots related to the development and dissemination of ARGs is livestock and poultry production. Manure is widely used as a fertilizer thanks to its rich nutrient and organic matter content. However, research indicates that its application may pose a severe threat to human and animal health by facilitating the dissemination of ARGs to arable soil and edible crops. This review examines the pathogens, potentially pathogenic microorganisms and ARGs which may be found in animal manure, and evaluates their effect on human health through their exposure to soil and plant resistomes. It takes a broader view than previous studies of this topic, discussing recent data on antibiotic use in farm animals and the effect of these practices on the composition of animal manure; it also examines how fertilization with animal manure may alter soil and crop microbiomes, and proposes the drivers of such changes and their consequences for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zalewska
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Błażejewska
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czapko
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Popowska
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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40
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Paudel A, Devkota SP, Shrestha A, Shah AK. Prevalence of Colistin-resistant Gram-negative Isolates Carrying the mcr-1 Gene among Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Center. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 58:983-997. [PMID: 34506394 PMCID: PMC8028535 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.5246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Gram-negative isolates harboring mobilized colistin resistance (mcr-1) gene are a great threat to human health. They have been reported worldwide among various bacterial isolates. This work aimed to study the prevalence of colistin resistance among Gram-negative bacteria and the incidence of mcr-1 gene among these isolates. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done at a tertiary care center from June 2016 to February 2017. An ethical approval was taken from review board of the Nepal Health Research Council (Reg. no: 274/2016). Convenience sampling was used. The data was collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 16 . Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 485 gram-negative isolates, only 13 (2.68%) (1.26-6.62 at 95% Confidence Interval) isolates were colistin-resistant and mcr-1 was present in two isolates. Predominant colistin-resistant isolates were E. coli 6 (4.1%), Enterobacter spp 2 (2.81%), and Acinetobacter spp 2 (2.81%). A high level of colistin-resistance was noted in 4 (30.7%) isolates as indicated by the very high value of colistin MIC (>256 μg/ml). ICU was the major site of isolation of colistin-resistant and mcr-1 positive pathogens. The majority of colistin-resistant isolates were highly drug-resistant and were sensitive only to polymyxin B. Antibiotics like imipenem, amikacin, gentamicin, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, and piperacillin-tazobactam were effective for few of these isolates. Conclusions: Though the prevalence of mcr-1 gene was low among colistin-resistant gram-negative isolates, the resistant pattern was quite alarming as these isolates were highly drug-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmita Paudel
- Department of Microbiology, Regional College of Health Science and Technology, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Surya Prasad Devkota
- Department of Microbiology, Pokhara Bigyan Tatha Prabidhi Campus, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Anima Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology, Saint Xavier's College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Worby CJ, Earl AM, Turbett SE, Becker M, Rao SR, Oliver E, Taylor Walker A, Walters M, Kelly P, Leung DT, Knouse M, Hagmann SHF, Ryan ET, LaRocque RC. Acquisition and Long-term Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in US International Travelers. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa543. [PMID: 33409326 PMCID: PMC7759211 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed prospective screening of stool for multidrug-resistant organisms from 608 US international travelers and identified an acquisition rate of 38% following travel. Carriage rates remained significantly elevated for at least 6 months post-travel. Travel-related diarrhea was a risk factor for acquisition, as well as for long-term carriage upon return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Worby
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashlee M Earl
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah E Turbett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret Becker
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sowmya R Rao
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Oliver
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison Taylor Walker
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Travelers' Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maroya Walters
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Prevention and Response Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul Kelly
- Bronx Care Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Mark Knouse
- Lehigh Valley Medical Center, Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Edward T Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Regina C LaRocque
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Silva DMD, Faria-Junior C, Nery DR, Oliveira PMD, Silva LDOR, Alves EG, Lima GRDCEC, Pereira AL. Insertion sequences disrupting mgrB in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in Brazil. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 24:53-57. [PMID: 33246210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to characterise insertional mutations disturbing themgrB gene in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp). METHODS A total of 118 clinical CRKp isolates were surveyed for polymyxin resistance and insertion sequence (IS) elements disruptingmgrB. RESULTS Of the 118 isolates, 78 (66.1%) displayed polymyxin resistance, of which 54% (42/78) hadmgrB::IS inserts. Sequencing analyses showed 13 insertion sites in mgrB. mgrB::ISSen4(IS3) was observed for the first time in CRKp. CONCLUSIONS Ten different IS elements disruptedmgrB, with a predominance (76%) of IS5 sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniely Martins da Silva
- Campus of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Centro Metropolitano, Conjunto A, Ceilândia Sul, Brasília (DF), CEP: 72220-275, Brazil
| | - Célio Faria-Junior
- Central Laboratory for Public Health (LACEN-DF), SGAN 601, Asa Norte, Brasília (DF), CEP: 70830-010, Brazil
| | - Danielly Rocha Nery
- Campus of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Centro Metropolitano, Conjunto A, Ceilândia Sul, Brasília (DF), CEP: 72220-275, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Maria de Oliveira
- Campus of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Centro Metropolitano, Conjunto A, Ceilândia Sul, Brasília (DF), CEP: 72220-275, Brazil
| | | | - Everton Giovanni Alves
- Central Laboratory for Public Health (LACEN-DF), SGAN 601, Asa Norte, Brasília (DF), CEP: 70830-010, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Leite Pereira
- Campus of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Centro Metropolitano, Conjunto A, Ceilândia Sul, Brasília (DF), CEP: 72220-275, Brazil.
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Islam S, Urmi UL, Rana M, Sultana F, Jahan N, Hossain B, Iqbal S, Hossain MM, Mosaddek ASM, Nahar S. High abundance of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in chicken gut-bacteria in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17292. [PMID: 33057111 PMCID: PMC7560609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin is considered a last-resort reserved drug for the treatment of critical human infections by Gram-negative bacteria. Phenotypic colistin-resistance is strongly associated with plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes. The mcr-bearing Enterobacteriaceae have been detected in many countries from environments, animals, and humans. This study investigated phenotypic colistin-resistance and the distribution of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5 genes in chicken-gut bacteria in Bangladesh. Bacteria were isolated from poultry- and native-chicken droppings, and their susceptibilities to colistin were determined by agar dilution and E-test minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements. Multiplex polymerase chain reactions detected mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes. Overall, 61.7% (92/149) of the isolates showed colistin resistance by agar dilution assessment (MIC > 2.0 μg/mL). The phenotypic resistance was observed considerably higher in poultry-chicken isolates (64.6%, 64/99) than in native-chicken isolates (56%, 28/50; p = 0.373). All the resistant isolates showed MIC levels between > 2 and > 128 μg/mL. The mcr-genes (mcr-1and mcr-2 combined) were detected more in poultry gut bacteria (36.4%) than native-chicken isolates (20%, p = 0.06). Despite bacteria sources, mcr-genes appeared to be significantly associated with phenotypic colistin-resistance phenomena (p < 0.001). Prior colistin usage led to a substantial increase in the proportion of bacteria with mcr-genes and phenotypic resistance (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Salequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Umme Laila Urmi
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Masud Rana
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Billal Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Samiul Iqbal
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, BSMMU, Dhaka, 1210, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moyazzem Hossain
- Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Syed Md Mosaddek
- Department of Pharmacology, Uttara Adhunik Medical College, Uttara, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Shamsun Nahar
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
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Kobs VC, Valdez RE, Medeiros FD, Fernandes PP, Deglmann RC, Gern RM, França PH. mcr-1-carrying Enterobacteriaceae isolated from companion animals in Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance was first described in 2015, in China, in Escherichia coli carrying the mcr-1 (Mobile Colistin Resistance-1) gene. Since then, it has become a major public health challenge worldwide, representing a major threat to human and animal health. In addition, there are still few reports on the prevalence of mcr-1 in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from humans, animals and food. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the occurrence of the mcr-1 gene in bacterial isolates with phenotypic resistance to polymyxin B obtained from clinical specimens of companion animals. Phenotypic resistance to polymyxin B were determined by broth microdilution and the susceptibility profile to other antimicrobials (amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, aztreonam, cefazolin, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, ertapenem, gentamicin, imipenem, marbofloxacin, meropenem, phosphomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, tetracycline, ticarcillin/clavulanate, tobramycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) by disc-diffusion agar method. The extraction of bacterial DNA was performed via heat shock followed by spectrophotometric evaluation. To verify the presence of mcr-1, the Polymerase Chain Reaction was employed using specific primers, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The positive isolates had the corresponding amplicons sequenced. In this study, there were identified the first isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. carrying the mcr-1 gene derived from specimens of companion animals in Brazil. Our results suggest the dissemination of resistance to polymyxins in the community and the environment, highlighting the need for surveillance and optimized treatment guidelines.
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Synergistic Effect between Usnic Acid and Polymyxin B against Resistant Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9852145. [PMID: 32849907 PMCID: PMC7441413 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9852145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize the susceptibility profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. clinical isolates to polymyxin B in a public hospital in Recife-PE, Brazil, between the years of 2018 and 2019, as well as to search for the presence of the mcr-1 gene and evaluate the interaction between polymyxin B and usnic acid against these isolates. The strains were identified using the BD Phoenix™ automated system and the agar-spot test was used to determine the susceptibility profile to polymyxin B. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of usnic acid and polymyxin B were determined through the broth microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Subsequently, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the mcr-1 gene in the isolates. The interaction between usnic acid and polymyxin B was evaluated by the Checkerboard assay. Among 34 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 26.5% (9/34) were positive for the polymyxin B agar-spot test, and 11.8% (4/34) presented an intermediate susceptibility (MIC = 4 μg/mL), while 14.7% (5/34) presented antimicrobial resistance with MIC values ranging from 8 to 32 μg/mL. Among 38 isolates of Acinetobacter spp., 13.2% (5/38) were positive for the polymyxin B agar-spot test and all of them were resistant to polymyxin B with a MIC value > 32 μg/mL. The mcr-1 gene was not detected in the clinical isolates. Regarding usnic acid, it presented a moderate antibacterial activity against two P. aeruginosa isolates (MIC = 250 μg/mL) and no activity was detected against the others. A synergistic effect between usnic acid and polymyxin B was observed against three clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa which were resistant to polymyxin B (FICI ≤ 0.5). Therefore, it was possible to observe that usnic acid is a promising candidate to be used in combination with polymyxin B against infections caused by resistant P. aeruginosa.
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Jiang B, Du P, Jia P, Liu E, Kudinha T, Zhang H, Li D, Xu Y, Xie L, Yang Q. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Virulence of mcr-1-Positive Enterobacteriaceae in China, a Multicenter Longitudinal Epidemiological Study. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1611. [PMID: 32849334 PMCID: PMC7399235 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the prevalence of mcr-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae (MPE) in intra-abdominal infections (IAIs), urinary tract infections (UTIs), and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in China. A total of 6,401 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected consecutively from IAI, UTI, and LRTI patients in 19 hospitals across mainland China during 2014–2016. MPE isolates were screened by PCR detection for the mcr gene. The resistance profiles were tested by antimicrobial susceptibility test. All MPE isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multi-locus-sequence typing, O and H serotyping, and whole-genome sequencing. Among the 6,401 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 17 Escherichia coli strains (0.27%) were positive for the mcr-1 gene. The MPE prevalence rates in IAI, UTI, and LRTI patients were 0.34% (12/3502), 0.23% (5/2154), and 0% (0/745), respectively. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) of colistin against 3 isolates were of 0.5–2 mg/L, and 4–8 mg/L against other 14 isolates. All the 17 isolates were susceptible to meropenem, imipenem, tigecycline, and ceftazidime/avibactam. The 17 MPE isolates belonged to 14 different ST types, and those that belonged to the same STs were not clonal by PFGE. The mcr-1-harboring plasmid of ten MPE isolates could transfer to the recipients by conjugation and the colistin MICs of the transconjugants ranged from 0.5 to 8 mg/L. Mcr-1-carrying plasmids from the 17 MPE isolates could be grouped into four clusters, including 8 IncX4 type, 4 IncI2 type, 4 IncHI2A type, and 1 p0111 type. Multiple-drug resistance genes and virulence genes were detected. In conclusion, the prevalence of MPE in IAI, UTI, and LRTI were low in China, and no clonal transmission was identified in our study. Most MPE isolates exhibited low-level colistin resistance. However, our study indicated that MPE isolates always carried a variety of drug resistance and virulence genes, which should be paid more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyao Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Enbo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Timothy Kudinha
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyi Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiwen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dos Santos LDR, Furlan JPR, Ramos MS, Gallo IFL, de Freitas LVP, Stehling EG. Co-occurrence of mcr-1, mcr-3, mcr-7 and clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes in environmental and fecal samples. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:1795-1800. [PMID: 32382766 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria harboring different antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) have been detected worldwide. The association of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr-like) and other ARGs in bacteria isolated from animals is a huge concern worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of mcr-like genes and clinically relevant ARGs as well as plasmids in samples from a zoo. Fecal and environmental (soil and water) samples were collected from a zoo and the DNA of cultivable aerobic bacteria was extracted. ARGs were screened by PCR and the plasmids were detected using the PCR-based replicon typing method. A total of 74 amplicons from 27 ARGs [mcr-1, mcr-3, mcr-7.1, blaCTX-M-Gp1, blaCTX-M-Gp2, blaCTX-M-Gp9, blaVEB, blaPER, blaCMY, tetA, tetB, tetC, aadA, aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, ant(2'')-Ia, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, oqxA, oqxB, sul1, sul2, sul3, cmlA, mefAE, ermB] and 21 amplicons from eight plasmid families (IncY, ColE-like, IncFrepB, IncFIA, IncFIB, IncHI1, IncFIC, IncP) were detected. These findings reinforce that the zoo acts as a reservoir of clinically relevant ARGs, including mcr-like, and call attention to the monitoring studies in the zoo. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the world of mcr-1, mcr-3 and mcr-7.1 in environmental samples from the zoo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas David Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café S/N. Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brasil
| | - João Pedro Rueda Furlan
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café S/N. Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brasil
| | - Micaela Santana Ramos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café S/N. Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brasil
| | - Inara Fernanda Lage Gallo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café S/N. Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brasil
| | | | - Eliana Guedes Stehling
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café S/N. Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brasil.
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Ebomah KE, Okoh AI. An African perspective on the prevalence, fate and effects of carbapenem resistance genes in hospital effluents and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) final effluents: A critical review. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03899. [PMID: 32420480 PMCID: PMC7215200 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the antibiotic era and discovery of earliest antibiotics until the present day state of affairs, coupled with the emergence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria. The ways of response to challenges of antibiotic resistance (AR) such as the development of novel strategies in the search of new antibiotics, designing more effective preventive measures as well as the ecology of AR have been discussed. The applications of plant extract and chemical compounds like nanomaterials which are based on recent developments in the field of antimicrobials, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and chemotherapy were briefly discussed. The agencies responsible for environmental protection have a role to play in dealing with the climate crisis which poses an existential threat to the planet, and contributes to ecological support towards pathogenic microorganisms. The environment serves as a reservoir and also a vehicle for transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes hence, as dominant inhabitants we have to gain a competitive advantage in the battle against AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Ehi Ebomah
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Zaniolo MM, Santos ICD, Barbosa LN, Pachaly EMV, Caetano ICDS, Lopes KFC, Marques MA, Mota EA, Martins LA, Piau Junior R, Germano RDM, Pachaly JR, Gonçalves DD. Antimicrobial Resistance and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Enterobacteria Isolated from Free-Living Primates. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:513-516. [PMID: 32315580 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of antimicrobial resistance in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and to detect strains of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in free-living Sapajus nigritus. Oral and rectal swabs were collected from 15 primates to isolate and identify bacteria, conduct phenotypic tests to detect antimicrobial sensitivity and ESBL-producing strains, and calculate the multiple antimicrobial resistance index. The least effective antimicrobial was amoxicillin (72.72%) and ampicillin (57.57%), and the samples were considered as high risk for public health. No sample was positive for ESBL production. The results show that this study is relevant to One Health initiatives, considering the possibility of transmission of bacterial resistance and resistant genes originating from direct or indirect interaction of S. nigritus with parkgoers. However, these animals cannot be considered as the only reservoirs and transmitters of resistant bacteria as they can be contaminated by human-origin bacteria that can be extremely harmful and often prove lethal to them that play an important role in relationship to the ecology, spreading seeds and controlling insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Marchi Zaniolo
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products-University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isabela Carvalho Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products-University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Nunes Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | - Isabel Cristina da Silva Caetano
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products-University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karoline Franciane Cardoso Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products-University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Aparecido Marques
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products-University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edinalva Almeida Mota
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products-University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Ranulfo Piau Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Melo Germano
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - José Ricardo Pachaly
- Brazilian Institute of Specialties in Veterinary Medicine (EspecialVet), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dib Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, University of Paraná (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, Umuarama, Brazil
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50
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F. Rabello R, R. Bonelli R, A. Penna B, P. Albuquerque J, M. Souza R, M. F. Cerqueira A. Antimicrobial Resistance in Farm Animals in Brazil: An Update Overview. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E552. [PMID: 32224900 PMCID: PMC7222418 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In animal husbandry, antimicrobial agents have been administered as supplements to increase production over the last 60 years. Large-scale animal production has increased the importance of antibiotic management because it may favor the evolution of antimicrobial resistance and select resistant strains. Brazil is a significant producer and exporter of animal-derived food. Although Brazil is still preparing a national surveillance plan, several changes in legislation and timely programs have been implemented. Thus, Brazilian data on antimicrobial resistance in bacteria associated with animals come from official programs and the scientific community. This review aims to update and discuss the available Brazilian data on this topic, emphasizing legal aspects, incidence, and genetics of the resistance reported by studies published since 2009, focusing on farm animals and derived foods with the most global public health impact. Studies are related to poultry, cattle, and pigs, and mainly concentrate on non-typhoid Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. We also describe legal aspects of antimicrobial use in this context; and the current occurrence of genetic elements associated with resistance to beta-lactams, colistin, and fluoroquinolones, among other antimicrobial agents. Data here presented may be useful to provide a better understanding of the Brazilian status on antimicrobial resistance related to farm animals and animal-derived food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata F. Rabello
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil (B.A.P.); (J.P.A.)
| | - Raquel R. Bonelli
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Bruno A. Penna
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil (B.A.P.); (J.P.A.)
| | - Julia P. Albuquerque
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil (B.A.P.); (J.P.A.)
| | - Rossiane M. Souza
- Centro Estadual de Pesquisa em Sanidade Animal, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Niterói 24120-191, Brazil
| | - Aloysio M. F. Cerqueira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil (B.A.P.); (J.P.A.)
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