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Klenotic PA, Yu EW. Structural analysis of resistance-nodulation cell division transporters. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0019823. [PMID: 38551344 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00198-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYInfectious bacteria have both intrinsic and acquired mechanisms to combat harmful biocides that enter the cell. Through adaptive pressures, many of these pathogens have become resistant to many, if not all, of the current antibiotics used today to treat these often deadly infections. One prominent mechanism is the upregulation of efflux systems, especially the resistance-nodulation-cell division class of exporters. These tripartite systems consist of an inner membrane transporter coupled with a periplasmic adaptor protein and an outer membrane channel to efficiently transport a diverse array of substrates from inside the cell to the extracellular space. Detailed mechanistic insight into how these inner membrane transporters recognize and shuttle their substrates can ultimately inform both new antibiotic and efflux pump inhibitor design. This review examines the structural basis of substrate recognition of these pumps and the molecular mechanisms underlying multidrug extrusion, which in turn mediate antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Klenotic
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward W Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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2
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Merrick R, Cole M, Pitt R, Enayat Q, Ivanov Z, Day M, Sun S, Sinka K, Woodford N, Mohammed H, Fifer H. Antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhoea: the national public health response, England, 2013 to 2020. EURO SURVEILLANCE : BULLETIN EUROPEEN SUR LES MALADIES TRANSMISSIBLES = EUROPEAN COMMUNICABLE DISEASE BULLETIN 2022; 27. [PMID: 36205171 PMCID: PMC9540523 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.40.2200057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to all antimicrobials used to treat gonorrhoea, and the emergence of ceftriaxone-resistant strains threatens the last-line option for empirical treatment. The 2013 Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme (GRASP) Action Plan recommended measures to delay the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in N. gonorrhoeae in England. We reviewed trends in gonococcal AMR since then and the experience of implementing the Action Plan’s recommendations to respond to incidents of resistant N. gonorrhoeae. Between 2013 and 2019, diagnoses of gonorrhoea in England rose by 128% to 70,922, the largest annual number ever reported. Over this period, N. gonorrhoeae isolates have become less susceptible to azithromycin (minimum inhibitory concentration > 0.5 mg/L), increasing from 4.7% in 2016 to 8.7% in 2020; this led to a change in first-line treatment for gonorrhoea in the United Kingdom (UK) from dual therapy (ceftriaxone/azithromycin) to ceftriaxone monotherapy in 2019. We also detected the first global treatment failure for pharyngeal gonorrhoea with a dual-therapy regimen (ceftriaxone/azithromycin), followed by an additional six ceftriaxone-resistant strains. Continued engagement of sexual health clinicians and laboratories with the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) is essential for the timely detection of N. gonorrhoeae strains with ceftriaxone resistance and to rapidly contain transmission of these strains within England.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Merrick
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Cole
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Pitt
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qudsia Enayat
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zdravko Ivanov
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Day
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzy Sun
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katy Sinka
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Woodford
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hamish Mohammed
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Fifer
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Duan Q, Carmody C, Donovan B, Guy RJ, Hui BB, Kaldor JM, Lahra MM, Law MG, Lewis DA, Maley M, McGregor S, McNulty A, Selvey C, Templeton DJ, Whiley DM, Regan DG, Wood JG. Modelling response strategies for controlling gonorrhoea outbreaks in men who have sex with men in Australia. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009385. [PMID: 34735428 PMCID: PMC8594806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to treat gonorrhoea with current first-line drugs is threatened by the global spread of extensively drug resistant (XDR) Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) strains. In Australia, urban transmission is high among men who have sex with men (MSM) and importation of an XDR NG strain in this population could result in an epidemic that would be difficult and costly to control. An individual-based, anatomical site-specific mathematical model of NG transmission among Australian MSM was developed and used to evaluate the potential for elimination of an imported NG strain under a range of case-based and population-based test-and-treat strategies. When initiated upon detection of the imported strain, these strategies enhance the probability of elimination and reduce the outbreak size compared with current practice (current testing levels and no contact tracing). The most effective strategies combine testing targeted at regular and casual partners with increased rates of population testing. However, even with the most effective strategies, outbreaks can persist for up to 2 years post-detection. Our simulations suggest that local elimination of imported NG strains can be achieved with high probability using combined case-based and population-based test-and-treat strategies. These strategies may be an effective means of preserving current treatments in the event of wider XDR NG emergence. In most high-income settings, gonorrhoea is endemic among men who have sex with men (MSM). While gonorrhoea remains readily treatable with antibiotics, there are major concerns about the threat of antimicrobial resistance arising from recent reports of treatment failure with first-line therapy and limited remaining treatment options. Here we investigated the potential for test-and-treat response strategies to eliminate such strains before their prevalence reaches a level requiring a shift to new first line therapies. Rather than directly consider resistance, we explore the mitigating effect of various test-and-treat measures on outbreaks of a generic imported strain which remains treatable. This is done within the framework of a realistic mathematical model of gonorrhoea spread in an MSM community that captures cases, anatomical sites of infection and sexual contacts at an individual level, calibrated to relevant Australian epidemiological data. The results indicate that strategies such as partner testing and treatment in combination with elevated asymptomatic community testing are highly effective in mitigating outbreaks but can take up to 2 years to achieve elimination. As there are currently no clear alternative drugs of proven efficacy and safety to replace ceftriaxone in first-line therapy, these promising results suggest potential for use of these outbreak response strategies to preserve current treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Duan
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chris Carmody
- Liverpool Sexual Health Clinic, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
- Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Basil Donovan
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Sexual Health Centre, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Ben B. Hui
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Monica M. Lahra
- Microbiology Department, New South Wales Health Pathology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - David A. Lewis
- Western Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine & Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Maley
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- South Western Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Anna McNulty
- Sydney Sexual Health Centre, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christine Selvey
- Communicable Diseases Branch, Health Protection NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - David J. Templeton
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Sexual Health Medicine, Sydney Local Health District and Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David M. Whiley
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - James G. Wood
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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4
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Ammerman L, Mertz SB, Park C, Wise JG. Transport Dynamics of MtrD: An RND Multidrug Efflux Pump from Neisseria gonorrheae. Biochemistry 2021; 60:3098-3113. [PMID: 34609833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The MtrCDE system confers multidrug resistance to Neisseria gonorrheae, the causative agent of gonorrhea. Using free and directed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we analyzed the interactions between MtrD and azithromycin, a transport substrate of MtrD, and a last-resort clinical treatment for multidrug-resistant gonorrhea. We then simulated the interactions between MtrD and streptomycin, an apparent nonsubstrate of MtrD. Using known conformations of MtrD homologues, we simulated a potential dynamic transport cycle of MtrD using targeted MD techniques (TMD), and we noted that forces were not applied to ligands of interest. In these TMD simulations, we observed the transport of azithromycin and the rejection of streptomycin. In an unbiased, long-time scale simulation of AZY-bound MtrD, we observed the spontaneous diffusion of azithromycin through the periplasmic cleft. Our simulations show how the peristaltic motions of the periplasmic cleft facilitate the transport of substrates by MtrD. Our data also suggest that multiple transport pathways for macrolides may exist within the periplasmic cleft of MtrD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Ammerman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0376, United States.,Center for Research Computing, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0376, United States.,Center for Drug Discovery, Design and Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0376, United States
| | - Sarah B Mertz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0376, United States.,Center for Research Computing, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0376, United States.,Center for Drug Discovery, Design and Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0376, United States
| | - Chanyang Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0376, United States.,Center for Drug Discovery, Design and Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0376, United States
| | - John G Wise
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0376, United States.,Center for Research Computing, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0376, United States.,Center for Drug Discovery, Design and Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0376, United States
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5
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Salmerón P, Moreno-Mingorance A, Trejo J, Amado R, Viñado B, Cornejo-Sanchez T, Alberny M, Barbera MJ, Arando M, Pumarola T, Hoyos-Mallecot Y, Serra-Pladevall J, González-López JJ. Emergence and dissemination of three mild outbreaks of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with high-level resistance to azithromycin in Barcelona, 2016-18. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:930-935. [PMID: 33367806 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) isolates with high-level azithromycin resistance (HL-AziR) have emerged worldwide in recent decades, threatening the sustainability of current dual-antimicrobial therapy. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to characterize the first 16 NG isolates with HL-AziR in Barcelona between 2016 and 2018. METHODS WGS was used to identify the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, to establish the MLST ST, NG multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) ST and NG sequence typing for antimicrobial resistance (NG-STAR) ST and to identify the clonal relatedness of the isolates with other closely related NG previously described in other countries based on a whole-genome SNP analysis approach. The sociodemographic characteristics of the patients included in the study were collected by comprehensive review of their medical records. RESULTS Twelve out of 16 HL-AziR isolates belonged to the MLST ST7823/NG-MAST ST5309 genotype and 4 to MLST ST9363/NG-MAST ST3935. All presented the A2059G mutation in all four alleles of the 23S rRNA gene. MLST ST7823/NG-MAST ST5309 isolates were only identified in men who have sex with women and MLST ST9363/NG-MAST ST3935 were found in MSM. Phylogenomic analysis revealed the presence of three transmission clusters of three different NG strains independently associated with sexual behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the first appearance of three mild outbreaks of NG with HL-AziR in Spain. These results highlight the continuous capacity of NG to develop antimicrobial resistance and spread among sexual networks. The enhanced resolution of WGS provides valuable information for outbreak investigation, complementing the implementation of public health measures focused on the prevention and dissemination of MDR NG.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salmerón
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Moreno-Mingorance
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Trejo
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Amado
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Viñado
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Cornejo-Sanchez
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Alberny
- Institut Català de Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J Barbera
- Drassanes-Vall d'Hebron Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Arando
- Drassanes-Vall d'Hebron Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Pumarola
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Hoyos-Mallecot
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Serra-Pladevall
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J J González-López
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Fairweather SJ, Gupta V, Chitsaz M, Booth L, Brown MH, O’Mara ML. Coordination of Substrate Binding and Protonation in the N. gonorrhoeae MtrD Efflux Pump Controls the Functionally Rotating Transport Mechanism. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1833-1847. [PMID: 33980014 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is a serious problem that threatens the effective treatment of the widespread sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The drug efflux pump primarily implicated in N. gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance is the inner membrane transporter MtrD, which forms part of the tripartite multiple transferable resistance (Mtr) CDE efflux system. A structure of MtrD was first solved in 2014 as a symmetrical homotrimer, and then, recently, as an asymmetrical homotrimer. Through a series of molecular dynamics simulations and mutagenesis experiments, we identify the combination of substrate binding and protonation states of the proton relay network that drives the transition from the symmetric to the asymmetric conformation of MtrD. We characterize the allosteric coupling between the functionally important local regions that control conformational changes between the access, binding, and extrusion states and allow for transition to the asymmetric MtrD conformation. We also highlight a significant rotation of the transmembrane helices caused by protonation of the proton relay network, which widens the intermonomeric gap that is a hallmark of the rotational transporter mechanism. This is the first analysis and description of the transport mechanism for the N. gonorrhoeae MtrD transporter and provides evidence that antimicrobial efflux in MtrD follows the functionally rotating transport mechanism seen in protein homologues from the same transport protein superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Fairweather
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Vrinda Gupta
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Mohsen Chitsaz
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Lauren Booth
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Melissa H. Brown
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Megan L. O’Mara
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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7
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Klenotic PA, Moseng MA, Morgan CE, Yu EW. Structural and Functional Diversity of Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division Transporters. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5378-5416. [PMID: 33211490 PMCID: PMC8119314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are a global threat with many common infections becoming increasingly difficult to eliminate. While significant effort has gone into the development of potent biocides, the effectiveness of many first-line antibiotics has been diminished due to adaptive resistance mechanisms. Bacterial membrane proteins belonging to the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) superfamily play significant roles in mediating bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. They participate in multidrug efflux and cell wall biogenesis to transform bacterial pathogens into "superbugs" that are resistant even to last resort antibiotics. In this review, we summarize the RND superfamily of efflux transporters with a primary focus on the assembly and function of the inner membrane pumps. These pumps are critical for extrusion of antibiotics from the cell as well as the transport of lipid moieties to the outer membrane to establish membrane rigidity and stability. We analyze recently solved structures of bacterial inner membrane efflux pumps as to how they bind and transport their substrates. Our cumulative data indicate that these RND membrane proteins are able to utilize different oligomerization states to achieve particular activities, including forming MDR pumps and cell wall remodeling machineries, to ensure bacterial survival. This mechanistic insight, combined with simulated docking techniques, allows for the design and optimization of new efflux pump inhibitors to more effectively treat infections that today are difficult or impossible to cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Klenotic
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Mitchell A. Moseng
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Christopher E. Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Edward W. Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
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8
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Holderman JL, Thomas JC, Schlanger K, Black JM, Town K, St. Cyr SB, Pham CD, Kirkcaldy RD. Sustained Transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with High-Level Resistance to Azithromycin, in Indianapolis, Indiana, 2017–2018. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:808-815. [PMID: 34492693 PMCID: PMC10183473 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Since 2014, Neisseria gonorrhoeae azithromycin (AZM) susceptibility has declined in the United States, but high-level AZM resistance (HL-AZMR) has been infrequent and sporadic. We describe a cluster of 14 N. gonorrhoeae isolates with HL-AZMR identified in Indianapolis over 13 months.
Methods
N. gonorrhoeae culture specimens (genital and extragenital) were collected from attendees of the Bell Flower Clinic. Isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using Etest. AZM minimum inhibitory concentrations ≥256 µg/mL were classified as HL-AZMR. Local disease intervention specialists interviewed patients whose isolates demonstrated HL-AZMR and conducted partner services. Relatedness of isolates was investigated by genomic analyses.
Results
During 2017–2018, AST was performed in 1016 N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected at the Bell Flower Clinic. Fourteen isolates (1.4%) from 12 men collected over 13 months demonstrated HL-AZMR; all were cephalosporin susceptible. Of the 12 men, 9 were white and reported male sex partners. Nine of the men were able to be retested; all were cured with 250-mg ceftriaxone plus 1-g AZM. Two men named each other as partners; no other partners in common were reported. Genomic analysis demonstrated close relatedness of the HL-AZMR isolates and a novel combination of a mosaic-mtrR promoter along with 23S ribosomal RNA mutations that appear to have emerged from circulating strains.
Conclusions
The close genetic relatedness with limited epidemiologic linkages between patients highlights the challenges of gonorrhea partner investigations and suggests undetected local transmission. Local AST, rapid public health action, and epidemiologic investigations combined with genomic analysis provides a multipronged approach to understanding an outbreak of sexually transmitted disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Holderman
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of HIV, STD, and Viral Hepatitis Prevention, Indiana Department of Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jesse C Thomas
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Karen Schlanger
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jamie M Black
- Division of HIV, STD, and Viral Hepatitis Prevention, Indiana Department of Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Katy Town
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sancta B St. Cyr
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cau D Pham
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert D Kirkcaldy
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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9
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Pinto M, Borges V, Isidro J, Rodrigues JC, Vieira L, Borrego MJ, Gomes JP. Neisseria gonorrhoeae clustering to reveal major European whole-genome-sequencing-based genogroups in association with antimicrobial resistance. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000481. [PMID: 33245688 PMCID: PMC8208699 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacterium responsible for the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea, has shown an extraordinary ability to develop antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to multiple classes of antimicrobials. With no available vaccine, managing N. gonorrhoeae infections demands effective preventive measures, antibiotic treatment and epidemiological surveillance. The latter two are progressively being supported by the generation of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data on behalf of national and international surveillance programmes. In this context, this study aims to perform N. gonorrhoeae clustering into genogroups based on WGS data, for enhanced prospective laboratory surveillance. Particularly, it aims to identify the major circulating WGS-genogroups in Europe and to establish a relationship between these and AMR. Ultimately, it enriches public databases by contributing with WGS data from Portuguese isolates spanning 15 years of surveillance. A total of 3791 carefully inspected N. gonorrhoeae genomes from isolates collected across Europe were analysed using a gene-by-gene approach (i.e. using cgMLST). Analysis of cluster composition and stability allowed the classification of isolates into a two-step hierarchical genogroup level determined by two allelic distance thresholds revealing cluster stability. Genogroup clustering in general agreed with available N. gonorrhoeae typing methods [i.e. MLST (multilocus sequence typing), NG-MAST (N. gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing) and PubMLST core-genome groups], highlighting the predominant genogroups circulating in Europe, and revealed that the vast majority of the genogroups present a dominant AMR profile. Additionally, a non-static gene-by-gene approach combined with a more discriminatory threshold for potential epidemiological linkage enabled us to match data with previous reports on outbreaks or transmission chains. In conclusion, this genogroup assignment allows a comprehensive analysis of N. gonorrhoeae genetic diversity and the identification of the WGS-based genogroups circulating in Europe, while facilitating the assessment (and continuous monitoring) of their frequency, geographical dispersion and potential association with specific AMR signatures. This strategy may benefit public-health actions through the prioritization of genogroups to be controlled, the identification of emerging resistance carriage, and the potential facilitation of data sharing and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Pinto
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vítor Borges
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Isidro
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Vieira
- Technology and Innovation Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, Nova Medical School/Faculty of Medical Sciences, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria José Borrego
- Reference Laboratory of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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Fifteen years of a nationwide culture collection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance in Portugal. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1761-1770. [PMID: 32494956 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and gonorrhea disease burden remain major public health concerns worldwide. To contribute to the supranational demands to monitor and manage the spread of antimicrobial-resistant N. gonorrhoeae, the Portuguese NIH promoted the creation of the National Laboratory Network for Neisseria gonorrhoeae Collection (PTGonoNet). The present study reports the N. gonorrhoeae major AMR trends observed from 2003 up to 2018. All isolates described in the present study constitute the opportunistic ongoing N. gonorrhoeae isolate collection supported by the National Reference Laboratory for Sexually Transmitted Infections of the Portuguese NIH, enrolling strains isolated in 35 different public and private laboratories. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using E-tests for azithromycin, benzylpenicillin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, spectinomycin and tetracycline. Molecular typing was determined using NG-MAST. AMR data of 2596 country-spread isolates show that 87.67% of all N. gonorrhoeae isolates presented decreased susceptibility to at least one antimicrobial. A continuous decreased susceptibility and resistance to penicillin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin can be observed along the years. However, no decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins was observed until 2018, while for azithromycin, this was always low. The most common observed NG-MAST genogroups were G1407, G7445, G225, G2, and G1034. This study evidences the advantages of a nationwide collection of isolates and of centralized AMR testing to respond to supranational (EURO-GASP) requirements while providing unprecedented data on AMR in the context of 15 years of surveillance.
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Cryo-EM Structures of a Gonococcal Multidrug Efflux Pump Illuminate a Mechanism of Drug Recognition and Resistance. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.00996-20. [PMID: 32457251 PMCID: PMC7251214 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00996-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae has become a highly antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative pathogen. Multidrug efflux is a major mechanism that N. gonorrhoeae uses to counteract the action of multiple classes of antibiotics. It appears that gonococci bearing mosaic-like sequences within the gene mtrD, encoding the most predominant and clinically important transporter of any gonococcal multidrug efflux pump, significantly elevate drug resistance and enhance transport function. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy (EM) structures of N. gonorrhoeae MtrD carrying a mosaic-like sequence that allow us to understand the mechanism of drug recognition. Our work will ultimately inform structure-guided drug design for inhibiting these critical multidrug efflux pumps. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen and causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection (STI) gonorrhea. The most predominant and clinically important multidrug efflux system in N. gonorrhoeae is the multiple transferrable resistance (Mtr) pump, which mediates resistance to a number of different classes of structurally diverse antimicrobial agents, including clinically used antibiotics (e.g., β-lactams and macrolides), dyes, detergents and host-derived antimicrobials (e.g., cationic antimicrobial peptides and bile salts). Recently, it has been found that gonococci bearing mosaic-like sequences within the mtrD gene can result in amino acid changes that increase the MtrD multidrug efflux pump activity, probably by influencing antimicrobial recognition and/or extrusion to elevate the level of antibiotic resistance. Here, we report drug-bound solution structures of the MtrD multidrug efflux pump carrying a mosaic-like sequence using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, with the antibiotics bound deeply inside the periplasmic domain of the pump. Through this structural approach coupled with genetic studies, we identify critical amino acids that are important for drug resistance and propose a mechanism for proton translocation.
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Alfsnes K, Eldholm V, Olsen AO, Brynildsrud OB, Bohlin J, Steinbakk M, Caugant DA. Genomic epidemiology and population structure of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Norway, 2016-2017. Microb Genom 2020; 6:e000359. [PMID: 32213251 PMCID: PMC7276708 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the nationwide epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, using whole-genome sequencing of all culture-positive cases, which comprise roughly 40 % of all cases of gonorrhea reported in Norway from 2016 to 2017. Isolates were assigned to sequence types and Bayesian analysis clusters and variation in genes coding for antibiotic resistance was linked to phenotypic resistance data. The study also included isolates taken from the same patients from different anatomical sites at one or more time points. Comparing these isolates allows for observation of patterns of infections, i.e. multiple reinfections of genetically related clones vs. reinfections of genetically distant clones, and quantification of the genomic variation of closely related isolates from samples taken from a patient within the same day. Demographically, the patients in the study could be split into two groups; one group of patients from the capital with a high proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM), and another consisting of young adults with transmission primarily between males and females from outside the capital. Some clusters of N. gonorrhoeae were restricted to one of these two demographic groups. Pairwise comparison of multiple isolates from the same patients revealed that most were reinfected with different clones. Observations of frequent reinfections in patients is a concern and should be taken into account in the development of improved information and treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Alfsnes
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vegard Eldholm
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Olaug Olsen
- National Advisory Unit for Sexually Transmitted Infections, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Brønstad Brynildsrud
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Bohlin
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Steinbakk
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Østfold Hospital Trust, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Grålum, Norway
| | - Dominique A. Caugant
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Town K, Field N, Harris SR, Sánchez-Busó L, Cole MJ, Pitt R, Fifer H, Mohammed H, Hughes G. Phylogenomic analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae transmission to assess sexual mixing and HIV transmission risk in England: a cross-sectional, observational, whole-genome sequencing study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 20:478-486. [PMID: 31978353 PMCID: PMC7099395 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterising sexual networks with transmission of sexually transmitted infections might allow identification of individuals at increased risk of infection. We aimed to investigate sexual mixing in Neisseria gonorrhoeae transmission networks between women, heterosexual men, and men who report sex with men (MSM), and between people with and without HIV. METHODS In this cross-sectional observational study, we whole-genome sequenced N gonorrhoeae isolates from the archive of the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme (GRASP).w Isolates that varied by five single nucleotide polymorphisms or fewer were grouped into clusters that represented sexual networks with N gonorrhoeae transmission. Clusters were described by gender, sexual risk group, and HIV status. FINDINGS We sequenced 1277 N gonorrhoeae isolates with linked clinical and sociodemographic data that were collected in five clinics in England during 2013-16 (July 1 to Sept 30 in 2013-15; July 1 to Sept 9 in 2016). The isolates grouped into 213 clusters. 30 (14%) clusters contained isolates from heterosexual men and MSM but no women and three (1%) clusters contained isolates from only women and MSM. 146 (69%) clusters comprised solely people with negative or unknown HIV status and seven (3%) comprised only HIV-positive people. 60 (28%) clusters comprised MSM with positive and negative or unknown HIV status. INTERPRETATION N gonorrhoeae molecular data can provide information indicating risk of HIV or other sexually transmitted infections for some individuals for whom such risk might not be known from clinical history. These findings have implications for sexual health care, including offering testing, prevention advice, and preventive treatment, such as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. FUNDING National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit; Wellcome; Public Health England.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Town
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections, University College London, London, UK; Centre for Molecular Epidemiology and Translational Research, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK; National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK.
| | - Nigel Field
- Centre for Molecular Epidemiology and Translational Research, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Leonor Sánchez-Busó
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK; Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michelle J Cole
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Rachel Pitt
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Helen Fifer
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Hamish Mohammed
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Gwenda Hughes
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections, University College London, London, UK; National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
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14
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Phylogenomic analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a promising tool for tracking putative gonococcal sexual networks. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 20:391-392. [PMID: 31978352 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Qin X, Zhao Y, Chen W, Wu X, Tang S, Li G, Yuqi Y, Cao W, Liu X, Huang J, Yang J, Chen W, Tang W, Zheng H. Changing antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterisation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Guangdong, China: in a background of rapidly rising epidemic. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 54:757-765. [PMID: 31425792 PMCID: PMC8179728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections has increased rapidly since 2015 in China. Antimicrobial resistance and molecular mobilisation in N. gonorrhoeae are two important factors driving this increasing prevalence. This study explored changes in antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characteristics of N. gonorrhoeae collected in Guangdong, China (2013-2017). A total of 704 isolates were collected in two cities in Guangdong. MICs of major antimicrobials were determined. Penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and tetracycline-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (TRNG) were characterised, and N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) was performed. High resistance to penicillin (68.2%), tetracycline (85.7%) and ciprofloxacin (98.2%) was observed. Spectinomycin, ceftriaxone and azithromycin appeared effective, with susceptibilities of 100%, 96.4% and 90.7%, respectively. Resistance to penicillin decreased significantly from 78.4% to 73.6% and to azithromycin from 11.9% to 3.7%. Total prevalence of PPNG, TRNG and PPNG/TRNG was 25.4%, 33.1% and 13.4%, respectively. Rates of PPNG decreased significantly from 37.3% to 23.9%, TRNG from 50.0% to 31.3%, and PPNG/TRNG from 23.5% to 11.7%. However, the ratio of African-type PPNG increased significantly (18.4% to 64.1%) compared with decreasing Asian-type PPNG (81.6% to 33.3%), and the ratio of American-type TRNG increased significantly (0% to 13.7%) compared with decreasing Dutch-type TRNG (100% to 86.3%). A total of 271 sequence types (STs) were identified by NG-MAST from 380 isolates collected in 2013, 2014 and 2017, with 145 novel STs. African-type PPNG is increasing and replacing Asian-type, and novel STs have emerged. Gonococcal isolates with new genotypes might contribute to the rising gonorrhoea epidemic in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Qin
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunhu Zhao
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Preventive Health, Zhuhai Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingzhong Wu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sanmei Tang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guozhou Li
- The sixth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Yuqi
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenling Cao
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Preventive Health, Zhuhai Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinmei Huang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieyi Yang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wentao Chen
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Heping Zheng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Hughes G, Fifer H. Point-of-care tests for chlamydia and gonorrhoea in Indigenous communities. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 18:1054-1055. [PMID: 30303094 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenda Hughes
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Infections & HIV Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
| | - Helen Fifer
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Infections & HIV Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK
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17
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Emergence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains Harboring a Novel Combination of Azithromycin-Attenuating Mutations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02313-18. [PMID: 30917979 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02313-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nimbleness of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to evade the effect of antibiotics has perpetuated the fight against antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea for more than 80 years. The ability to develop resistance to antibiotics is attributable to its indiscriminate nature in accepting and integrating exogenous DNA into its genome. Here, we provide data demonstrating a novel combination of the 23S rRNA A2059G mutation with a mosaic-multiple transferable resistance (mosaic-mtr) locus haplotype in 14 N. gonorrhoeae isolates with high-level azithromycin MICs (≥256 μg/ml), a combination that may confer more fitness than in previously identified isolates with high-level azithromycin resistance. To our knowledge, this is the first description of N. gonorrhoeae strains harboring this novel combination of resistance determinants. These strains were isolated at two independent jurisdictions participating in the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP) and in the Strengthening the U.S. Response to Resistant Gonorrhea (SURRG) project. The data suggest that the genome of N. gonorrhoeae continues to shuffle its genetic material. These findings further illuminate the genomic plasticity of N. gonorrhoeae, which allows this pathogen to develop mutations to escape the inhibitory effects of antibiotics.
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18
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New leads for drug repurposing against malaria. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:263-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Buder S. [40-year-old male with urethral discharge : Preparation for the specialist examination: part 13]. Hautarzt 2018; 69:132-135. [PMID: 30374537 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-018-4293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Buder
- Konsiliarlabor für Gonokokken, am Vivantes-Klinikum Berlin Neukölln, Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Rudower Str. 48, 12351, Berlin, Deutschland.
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