Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in young adults - a school-based bio-behavioural study in urban areas, Poland, 2012 to 2015

Detección de infección por Chlamydia trachomatis en mujeres sexualmente activas en Venezuela

Introducción.

La infección genital por Chlamydia trachomatis es una de las más frecuentes en el mundo. Cada año se registran cerca de 85 millones de nuevos casos de esta enfermedad, que cursa con graves complicaciones en la mujer y recién nacido.

Objetivo.

Determinar las características clínico-epidemiológicas de la infección por C. trachomatis en mujeres venezolanas sexualmente activas.

Materiales y métodos.

Es un estudio descriptivo, transversal y de campo, sustentado en la historia clínica y el examen físico, la detección de infección con la prueba inmunoenzimática con anticuerpos policlonales anti-LPS y la confirmación de los resultados con la de biología molecular. La muestra estuvo conformada por 100 mujeres sexualmente activas mayores de 12 años de edad, del estado Carabobo, Venezuela.

Resultados.

La mayoría de las mujeres se encontraba entre los 20 y los 45 años de edad. En el 25 % de las mismas, se detectaron anticuerpos IgG anti-C. trachomatis y, en el 84 % de estas, se confirmó la infección mediante PCR; en ninguna de las mujeres se hallaron anticuerpos IgM anti-C. trachomatis.

Conclusión.

La infección crónica predomina en las mujeres entre los 20 y los 45 años de edad; la prueba inmunoenzimática arrojó falsos positivos corroborados por PCR.

Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis: findings from the National Survey of Sexual Lifestyles, Attitudes and Health, Slovenia, 2016 to 2017

Background

To inform prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), we need reliable prevalence estimates.

Aim

One objective of the Slovenian National Survey of Sexual Lifestyles, Attitudes and Health was to estimate the prevalence of STIs with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis.

Methods

Data were collected between October 2016 and July 2017 in a probability sample of the general population aged 18–49 years. Computer-assisted face-to-face interviewing and self-completion of questionnaires were used. Respondents were invited to provide urine samples to be tested for STIs.

Results

Of 1,929 survey participants, 1,087 individuals provided urine samples which were tested confidentially for C. trachomatis and a subset (n = 1,023) were tested anonymously for the other STIs. The prevalence of C. trachomatis was 0.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1–1.8) in men and 1.7% (95% CI: 0.9–3.2) in women. Age-specific prevalence was the highest among individuals aged 18–24 years, 2.8% (95% CI: 0.7–10.6) in men and 4.7% (95% CI: 1.7–12.3) in women. N. gonorrhoea was not detected. Prevalence of M. genitalium was 0.5% (95% CI: 0.1–2.2) in men and 0.3% (95% CI: 0.1–1.1) in women; the highest prevalence was among men aged 25–34 years (1.1%; 95% CI: 0.2–7.5) and women aged 35–49 years (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.1–2.0). T. vaginalis was detected in the sample from one woman (0.2%; 95% CI: 0.1–1.2).

Conclusion

The substantial prevalence of C. trachomatis among young adults suggests gaps in testing, diagnosis and treatment.

Comparative Analysis of the Incidence of Selected Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections in Poland in 2010-2015: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Sexually transmitted infections are common infectious diseases. The main aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the incidence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections in 2010-2015 in Poland, taking into account the administrative division of the country into provinces. This was a retrospective study. The analysed data came from the Centre for Health Information Systems of the Ministry of Health and constituted information being the epidemiological surveillance system in Poland. The analysis included data on the incidence of primary and secondary syphilis, gonorrhoea and non-gonococcal urethritis and genital infections. The overall incidence rates were disproportionately lower than European rates and those presented in studies from other countries. Young people, between 20 and 29 years of age, were the key groups at the highest risk of infection. The incidence rate of primary and secondary syphilis was lower in Poland than in Europe or America, but some regions, such as Mazovia and Lodz provinces, were found to have a higher incidence rate than other European rates. The reported incidence of gonorrhoea in Poland was also significantly lower compared with other countries, with a significantly higher number of infections in males than in females, and this was also one of the highest rates in EU countries. During the study period, the number of non-gonococcal genital infections systematically decreased, while in other countries of the European region, the incidence was among the highest of all sexually transmitted infections.

Molecular prevalence of eight different sexually transmitted infections in a Lebanese major tertiary care center: impact on public health

BACKGROUND

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are caused by a variety of pathogens transmitted by sexual activity. Untreated infections can cause major complications with a substantial high cost on health sector. With the development of molecular techniques, STD screening became easier with a high sensitivity and specificity.

OBJECTIVES

In Lebanon, official data regarding STD trends are scarce. This study elucidates the STD molecular profile at a tertiary care center, American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC), its distribution among gender and age groups, with a comparison to international studies.

METHODS

A retrospective data analysis was conducted on all STD panels performed at AUBMC from January 2017 till December 2019 to determine the molecular prevalence of eight different sexually transmitted organisms.

RESULTS

Our samples belonged to 248 females (41.5%) and 349 males (58.5%). Only 53.5% of the samples tested positive for one or more organisms. Ureaplasma urealyticum/parvum was found to be the most common pathogen (49.3%), followed by Gardenerella vaginalis (33.5%), Chlamydia trachomatis (5.36%), Mycoplasma genitalium (5.16%), Neisseria gonorrhea (2.5%), Herpes simplex virus (2.5%), and Trichomonas vaginalis (1.39%). Age was distributed between 5 and 80 years old. Regarding the pathogen's distribution among gender, Ureaplasma urealyticum/parvum, Herpes simplex virus, and Gardenerella vaginalis were more common in females, the rest was more detected in males.

CONCLUSION

Data will be of great importance for clinicians, in terms of diagnosis and treatment. It will help adopting an evidence based STI control programs in Lebanon, and it is essential for future larger studies and sexual health awareness programs.