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Chen X, Li Q, Sesay T, You Q, Bridget Chineche E. Valorization of recycled wastes in pavement preventive maintenance: A review on reclaimed asphalt pavement and recycled waste tire. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27776. [PMID: 38524606 PMCID: PMC10958370 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pavement preventive maintenance (PPM) is critical to ensuring traffic efficiency, road user experience, and safety. However, it imposes significant costs in annual road infrastructure budgets because it requires high-quality and natural material resources. This study provides a systematic and comprehensive review on the use of recycled wastes as an alternative for the natural materials used in PPM mixes. Specifically, the use of recycled waste tires (RWT) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in chip seals, microsurfacing, slurry seals, and thin asphalt overlays were discussed. The current state-of-practice in terms of material specification and mix design were comprehensively investigated for PPM mixes containing RAP (RAP-PPM) and PPM with RWT (RWT-PPM). Laboratory and field performances of waste-treated PPM mixes were elaborated and compared with conventional PPM treatments to determine the feasibility of the RAP-PPM and RWT-PPM technologies. Furthermore, current research gaps were identified, and prospects for future investigations were discussed. It is envisaged that this study can provide a sufficient theoretical basis for the widespread practical application and beneficial use of this valuable technology, towards promoting sustainability in pavement maintenance practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Communications Investment Group, Co., Ltd., Nanchang, 330025, China
| | - Qiuping Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Communications Investment Group, Co., Ltd., Nanchang, 330025, China
| | - Taiwo Sesay
- School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinglong You
- School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, Shaanxi, China
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Ephraim-Emmanuel BC, Enembe O, Ordinioha B. Respiratory Health Effects of Pollution Due to Artisanal Crude-Oil Refining in Bayelsa, Nigeria. Ann Glob Health 2023; 89:74. [PMID: 37899776 PMCID: PMC10607629 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Artisanal refining of crude oil has been associated with the manifestations of various health problems directly related to the release of particulate matter, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), into the environment. This study thus assessed the respiratory health effects associated with being resident in areas where crude oil is artisanally refined in Bayelsa State. Material and methods This study utilized a comparative, cross-sectional design and was conducted in three communities in Bayelsa State. These included Sampou (a mildly exposed community), Nembe, and Gbarain (severely exposed communities). A sample population of 615 adults selected by multistage sampling completed the study instrument, which assessed data on their respiratory health. Environmental monitoring of the PAHs levels of the samples was done, and concentrations were determined using the gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 was used to conduct descriptive and inferential analyses. Results Findings revealed that the highest number of moderate to severe respiratory disease symptoms was experienced by respondents from Nembe 12 (41.4%), followed by those from Sampou 8 (27.6%), and then by those from Gbarain 9 (31.0%). Also, coughing that occurred mostly when lying down was found to be significantly prevalent among residents of Nembe [35 (47.9%); p-value: 0.016], among other symptoms. Respiratory disease symptoms were more likely to be found among females (p-value: 0.037), smokers (p-value: 0.002), and those having a low health risk perception related to PAHs exposure (p-value: 0.002). Conclusion Respondents from the three study sites had in the past 12 months experienced various respiratory disease symptoms, which could be directly related to their exposure to pollution from artisanal crude oil refining. Artisanal refining of crude oil should be continually dissuaded through unwavering enforcement of environmental health laws in order to further improve public and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Okokon Enembe
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Best Ordinioha
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Okunye O, Babalola C, Adeleke O, Idowu P, Coker E, Ayedun J, Durowaye M. A STUDY OF SKIN SEPSIS AMONGST ABATTOIR WORKERS IN MONIYA, IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA. Ann Ib Postgrad Med 2023; 21:22-29. [PMID: 37528823 PMCID: PMC10388420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skin sepsis is a pyodermal infection caused by Lancefield's group streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus . It is characterized by discolored and mottled skin, cellulitis, impetigo and multi-systemic collagen muscularitis and can be transmitted from person to person. Objective This study sampled the skin of consented abattoir workers in Moniya Ibadan, for clinical sepsis, with a view to establishing a causal relationship between the infection obtained and the abattoir workers examined. Methodology A total of 100 meat handlers' hands and forearms were examined. Swabs were taken from lesions which appeared clinically to be infected and then propagated on selective culture media designed for staphylococci and streptococci. Conventional biochemical tests and Lancefield determination were carried out as considered appropriate. Results Of the 100 swabs from the categories of abattoir workers examined, 43 streptococci (35 from lesion 8 from wound) and 36 Staphylococcus aureus (20 from lesion and16 from wound) were obtained. The regression analysis from the grouping of gender, causative agents and specific infection as a predictor of infection were recorded to be significant (b = 0.18; t = 1.74; p < 0.05) for the nature of but non-significant (b = -0.067; t = -0.649; p > 0.05) for the gender.In-vitro antigen antibody reaction on StreptexM kit elicited varied reactions to Lancefield's serological grouping (A (56%), B (9%) C (7%) G (22%) and L (7%). Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in varying percentages (Tetracycline and gentamicin 62%, meropenem and ceftriaxone 100%, amikacin, 10%, and vancomycin 80%) to conventional antibiotics were observed. Conclusion From this study point of view, the causal relationship between the infection and the infected has been established, from the pathogens of pyodermal origin contacted from cows, that causes sepsis across all the category of abattoir workers studied. There is a need to provide an ideal functioning abattoir fully equipped with required facilities for safety and ease of execution of duties.
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Affiliation(s)
- O.L Okunye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - C.O. Babalola
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University. Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O.E. Adeleke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria
| | - P.A. Idowu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria
| | - E.M. Coker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria
| | - J.S Ayedun
- Department of Biological Sciences & Industrial Biotechnology. Caleb University, Imota, Lagos State, Nigeria1
| | - M.T Durowaye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria
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Mentes D, Tóth CE, Nagy G, Muránszky G, Póliska C. Investigation of gaseous and solid pollutants emitted from waste tire combustion at different temperatures. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 149:302-312. [PMID: 35760016 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Consumer society requires the continuous evolution of products, thus generating a lot of waste. The automotive industry has also undergone significant development, generating 1.5 billion used tires worldwide every year. Landfilling of tires is prohibited and their disposal is therefore a major issue. Although many studies deal with the utilization of tire as a fuel, there is limited research that would specifically describe the relationship between pollutant emissions from tire combustion and the relationship between emitted pollutants and firebox temperature. Based on this, this work aims to investigate flue gas concentrations (CO, CO2, NOx, and SO2) and solid pollutants from tire burned in a lab-scale electrical furnace at firebox temperature from 650 to 900 °C. The decomposition of the CaCO3 filler during the combustion of the tire has been detected with thermal analytical investigation and combustion experiments. In the case of the CO flue gas pollutant, a second maximum concentration is observed due to the presence of CaCO3. With the increasing firebox temperature, the size of solid particles decreases, and the mesh structure formed becomes denser. At the same time, the concentration of emitted solid PAHs decreases, dominated by aromatic compounds with smaller number of rings. However, the variation of firebox temperature does not affect the amount of benzo(b)fluoranthene and fluoranthene relative to the total concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Mentes
- Institute of Energy and Quality, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
| | - Csenge Emese Tóth
- Institute of Energy and Quality, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Nagy
- Institute of Energy and Quality, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Muránszky
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Póliska
- Institute of Energy and Quality, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
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Ephraim-Emmanuel BC, Ordinioha B. Exposure and Public Health Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review. Int J Toxicol 2021; 40:250-269. [PMID: 33813922 DOI: 10.1177/10915818211002487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In order to achieve improved global health, environmental health risks that could affect this goal have to be reduced as much as possible. This review thus aimed at determining the exposure levels, health risk assessments, and public health effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This review was developed using guidelines provided for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Search was done on Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed databases. A study was included if it was carried out in SSA from 2000 to 2020 and written in English language. Fifty-two studies were finally retained and used for the review. Extracted data included the concentrations of 8 selected priority PAHs (including the PAHs prioritized for their carcinogenic potentials), their sources and reported outcomes. In SSA, PAHs exposure has been linked to the use of unprocessed biomass fuels for cooking, release of poorly treated petrochemical effluents into water bodies, and so on. Related public health effects included the occurrence of respiratory, cardiovascular abnormalities, and so on. Others included destruction of natural biodiversity in soil, water, and atmospheric environmental media. Health risk assessments also buttressed the occurrence of these public health effects of PAHs. In SSA, the region is exposed to a substantial amount of PAHs pollution which is associated with deleterious environmental and epidemiological effects. The adoption of healthier forms of energy, a change of attitude to one that favors environmental sustainability, and proper enforcement of environmental regulations are, however, necessary for attaining environmental sanity in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson Chukwunweike Ephraim-Emmanuel
- Environmental Health Department, World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence, Centre for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), 54716University of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Best Ordinioha
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 327041University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Abstract
Introduction: Butchers are exposed to various types of hazards in the course of their work, which could lead to health problems of varying severity. The aim of this study was to identify the occupational hazards and health problems of butchers in Uyo and also assess the physical conditions of their slaughter facilities. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 157 butchers in Uyo using a semi-structured questionnaire for data collection. Facility assessment was made using a checklist. Analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 33 ± 9.94 years. Most respondents were males (83.4%). The most commonly reported workplace hazards were knife (93.6%), bones (57.3%), and slippery floor (24.8%). The most common health problems were knife cuts (87.3%), cuts from bones (50.3%), and neck pain (36.9%). Having injuries from live animals and back pain were significantly associated with working with cows (P < 0.05). The most common de-furring method was burning with firewood (61.1%). The slaughter facilities lacked many expected amenities of a standard abattoir. Conclusion: Identified hazards and health problems of butchers were numerous. The slaughter facilities lacked appropriate equipment that promotes workers’ health and safety. It is recommended that slaughter facilities be upgraded to meet the standard abattoir practice. Regular training of butchers should be organized by their association to encourage safer practice, including the use of appropriate protective wears. Use of the chemical method of de-furring should also be encouraged to limit exposure to harmful gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofonime Effiong Johnson
- Department of Community Health, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.,Department of Community Health, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Aniekan Jumbo Etokidem
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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