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Madina MA, Grimaldo E, Grimsmo L, Toldnes B, Slizyte R, Carvajal AK, Schei M, Selnes M, Falch E. Exploring the Potential of Atlantic Mesopelagic Species Processed on Board Commercial Fishing Vessels as a Source of Dietary Lipids. Foods 2024; 13:1094. [PMID: 38611398 PMCID: PMC11011569 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the use of untapped mesopelagic species as a source of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) to meet the growing demand. The challenges faced by commercial fishing vessels, such as varying catch rates and species distribution affecting lipid levels, are addressed. Marine oils were produced post-catch using thermal separation and enzymatic hydrolysis during four commercial cruises, screening approximately 20,000 kg of mixed mesopelagic species. Maurolicus muelleri and Benthosema glaciale were the dominant species in the catch, while krill was the primary bycatch. The lipid composition varied, with B. glaciale having a higher prevalence of wax esters, while triacylglycerols and phospholipids were more predominant in the other species. LC n-3 PUFAs ranged from 19% to 44% of lipids, with an average EPA + DHA content of 202 mg/g of oil. Both processing methods achieved oil recoveries of over 90%. Estimates indicate that the mesopelagic biomass in the Northeast Atlantic could supply annual recommended levels of EPA + DHA to 1.5 million people, promoting healthy heart and brain functions. These findings offer valuable insights for considering mesopelagic species as a potential source of dietary marine lipids, laying the groundwork for further research and innovation in processing and obtaining valuable compounds from such species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Madina
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eduardo Grimaldo
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Leif Grimsmo
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bendik Toldnes
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rasa Slizyte
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ana Karina Carvajal
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marte Schei
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Merethe Selnes
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eva Falch
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Driscoll DF, Welty FK, Bistrian BR. Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Upstream Target Modulators Affecting Acute and Long-Term Pathological Alterations in Cardiac Structure and Function. Crit Care Explor 2023; 5:e0977. [PMID: 37753235 PMCID: PMC10519500 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication in the acute care period following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both short-term and long-term settings. Recently, the Vaughn Williams Classification of antiarrhythmic agents, first proposed in 1975 and widely viewed as the authoritative description of their electrophysiologic actions, was updated and notably omega-3 fatty acids (Ω-3 fatty acids) have been included in class VII, described as "upstream target modulators," to mitigate pathological structural and electrophysiological remodeling changes in the aged and/or injured myocardium. DATA SOURCES A PubMed literature search was performed. STUDY SELECTION Studies examining the significance of complications in patients undergoing isolated CABG surgery were selected for inclusion. DATA EXTRACTION Relevant data were qualitatively assessed and narratively summarized. DATA SYNTHESIS POAF occurs in approximately 30% of patients, and inflammation from chronic coronary artery disease preoperatively, as well as acute atrial inflammation from surgery postoperatively are the leading causes. Inflammation underlies its pathophysiology; therefore Ω-3 fatty acids not only exhibit antiarrhythmic properties but are an effective anti-inflammatory treatment that may reduce the clinical risks of POAF. CONCLUSIONS At present no effective prophylaxis is available to address POAF following CABG surgery. Clinical approaches that focus on the inflammatory response in this setting may optimize the response to treatment. The current literature supports the hypothesis that Ω-3 fatty acids may acutely reduce the inflammatory response via favorable alterations in the metabolism of prostaglandins and leukotrienes (eicosanoids) and specialized pro-resolving mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Driscoll
- Stable Solutions LLC, Easton MA
- Department of Medicine, UMASS Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
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Roy K, Dvorak P, Machova Z, Mraz J. Nutrient footprint versus EPA + DHA security in land-locked regions-more of local pond farmed, imported marine fish or fish oil capsules? NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:48. [PMID: 37689755 PMCID: PMC10492816 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
EPA + DHA intake in land-locked central Europe (CE) is barely fulfilled. Imported marine fish/farmed salmonids are likely the backbone of an ailing EPA + DHA security. Supplementing with captured marine fish oil capsules (~0.5 g up to 1.6 g CO2-eq. mg EPA + DHA-1) could be comparable in GHG emissions with fish consumption itself (~1 g to as low as 0.6 g CO2-eq. mg EPA + DHA-1). But synergistic benefits of EPA + DHA intake by consuming fish protein need consideration too. Taking semi-intensive pond carp and intensively farmed salmon as models, we analyzed footprint, eco-services, and resource use efficiency perspectives of achieving EPA + DHA security in a CE region. Despite a lower production footprint, pond-farmed fish greatly lag in EPA + DHA supply (carp 101-181 mg 100 g-1 < salmon 750-1300 mg 100 g-1). It doubles-to-quadruples footprint 'per mg' of EPA + DHA: nitrogen (carp 18.3 > salmon 8.7 mg N), phosphorus (carp 6.8 > salmon 1.6 mg P), and climate change (carp 1.84 > salmon 0.8 g CO2-eq.). With enhancements in pond carp (>300 mg EPA + DHA 100 g-1), these differences may cease to exist. Harnessing EPA + DHA bioaccumulation pathways active in ponds, finishing feeding strategies, and polyculture, the EPA + DHA content in pond fish may be increased. Ecosystem services with EPA + DHA mining from pond food web or high EPA + DHA output-to-input ratio (pond carp 1-200 > RAS salmon 0.75) make ponds an eco-efficient system. As fish consumption in CE must improve, pond-farmed fish would be needed to complement (but not substitute) salmonid/marine fish/oil capsules consumption. Achieving EPA + DHA security with minimum pressure on the environment or global resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Roy
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Dvorak
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Machova
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mraz
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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4
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Driscoll DF, Bistrian BR. Cytokine storm associated with severe COVID-19 infections: The potential mitigating role of omega-3 fatty acid triglycerides in the ICU. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23066. [PMID: 37389478 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300396r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine storm during severe COVID-19 infection increases the risk of mortality in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. Multiple therapeutic proposals include, for example, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents, selective inhibitors of key pro-inflammatory receptors, and key enzymes necessary for viral replication. Unfortunately, safe and effective therapy remains an elusive goal. An alternative anti-inflammatory approach vis á vis omega-3 fatty acids, which yields less pro-inflammatory mediators by altering eicosanoid metabolism, has been proposed. Although theoretically promising, enteral tube delivery or oral capsules containing specific doses of omega-3 fatty acids take precious time (7 days to 6 weeks) to be incorporated in plasma cell membranes to be most effective, making this route of administration in the acute care setting an unfeasible therapeutic approach. Parenteral administration of precise doses of omega-3 fatty acid triglycerides in an injectable emulsion can greatly accelerate the incorporation and potential therapeutic effects (within hours), but at present, there is no commercially available product designed for this purpose. We describe a potential formulation that may address this deficiency, while recognizing that the high incidence of hyperlipidemia that occurs during severe COVID-19 infection must be recognized as a complicating factor, and, therefore, caution is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce R Bistrian
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Djuricic I, Calder PC. Pros and Cons of Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cardiovascular Health. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:383-406. [PMID: 36662586 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-090208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are found in seafood, supplements, and concentrated pharmaceutical preparations. Prospective cohort studies demonstrate an association between higher intakes of EPA+DHA or higher levels of EPA and DHA in the body and lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, and of cardiovascular mortality in the general population. The cardioprotective effect of EPA and DHA is due to the beneficial modulation of a number of risk factors for CVD. Some large trials support the use of EPA+DHA (or EPA alone) in high-risk patients, although the evidence is inconsistent. This review presents key studies of EPA and DHA in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD, briefly describes potential mechanisms of action, and discusses recently published RCTs and meta-analyses. Potential adverse aspects of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in relation to CVD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Djuricic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom;
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Barkhori-Mehni S, Khanzadi S, Hashemi M, Azizzadeh M, Keykhosravy K. The Combined Effects of Bio-Components and Alginate Coating on Chemical and Sensory Quality of Chill-Stored Rainbow Trout Fillets. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2022.2120789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saber Barkhori-Mehni
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid Khanzadi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azizzadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kobra Keykhosravy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Valorization of Side Stream Products from Sea Cage Fattened Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus): Production and In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation of Enriched ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050309. [PMID: 35621959 PMCID: PMC9147267 DOI: 10.3390/md20050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The valorization of side streams from fishery and aquaculture value-chains is a valuable solution to address one of the challenges of the circular economy: turning wastes into profit. Side streams produced after filleting of sea cage fattened bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) were analyzed for proximate composition and fatty acid profile to evaluate the possibility of producing tuna oil (TO) as a valuable source of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and testing its bioactivity in vitro. Ethyl esters of total fatty acids (TFA), obtained from TO, were pre-enriched by urea complexation (PUFA-Ue) and then enriched by short path distillation (SPD) up to almost 85% of the PUFA fraction (PUFA-SPe). The bioactivity of TFA, PUFA-SPe, and ethyl esters of depleted PUFA (PUFA-SPd) were tested in vitro, through analysis of lipid metabolism genes, in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fibroblast cell line (SAF-1) exposed to oils. TFA and PUFA-SPd upregulated transcription factors (pparβ and pparγ) and lipid metabolism-related genes (D6D, fas, fabp, fatp1, and cd36), indicating the promotion of adipogenesis. PUFA-SPe treated cells were similar to control. PUFA-SPe extracted from farmed bluefin tuna side streams could be utilized in fish feed formulations to prevent excessive fat deposition, contributing to improving both the sustainability of aquaculture and the quality of its products.
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Ozyurt G, Ekmen D, Durmuş M, Ucar Y. Assessment of the safety of dietary fish oil supplements in terms of content and quality. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:25006-25019. [PMID: 34837607 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of top-selling fish oil dietary supplements in the markets was compared with the content stated on product label, and their oxidative qualities and heavy metal contents were evaluated in this study. While all the capsule groups (C) confirmed the label information, it was observed that one-third of the syrup groups (S) had less than the specified content. Capsule groups generally had richer EPA and DHA contents than syrup groups in the samples examined. The peroxide values (PV) of all fish oil capsules and syrups were found in the range of 1.97-2.89 mEq/kg and 2.22-18.30 mEq/kg, respectively. As for free fatty acids (FFA) values, the C4, S6, S9, and S10 groups were above the 3% oleic acid limit recommended for high-quality oils. However, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) values were found below 1 mg MA/kg in all groups. All fish oil supplements were within the limits specified in terms of As (0.50-4.19 µg/g), Cd (0.14 µg/g detected for one group, C5), Cu (not detected), Fe (0.32-15.7 µg/g), and Hg (≤ 0.1 µg/g). On the other hand, two fish oil supplements from the capsule group (0.17 for C6 and 1.01 µg/g for C8) and one group from the syrup group (0.29 µg/g for S10) exceeded the recommended limit in terms of Pb (0.1 mg/kg). As a result of the research, it can be concluded that the chemical quality of fish oils in syrup form needs to be improved and their reliability in terms of fatty acid content should be increased. Considering the heavy metals, it seems significant to follow up the fish oil products more strictly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsün Ozyurt
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Cukurova University, 01330, Balcali, Adana, Turkey
| | - Dilan Ekmen
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Cukurova University, 01330, Balcali, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Durmuş
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Cukurova University, 01330, Balcali, Adana, Turkey
| | - Yilmaz Ucar
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Cukurova University, 01330, Balcali, Adana, Turkey.
- Fatsa Faculty of Marine Science, Department of Fisheries Engineering Technology, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
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Espinosa-Andrews H, Morales-Hernández N, García-Márquez E, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R. Development of fish oil microcapsules by spray drying using mesquite gum and chitosan as wall materials: physicochemical properties, microstructure, and lipid hydroperoxide concentration. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2042289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Espinosa-Andrews
- Tecnología de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Norma Morales-Hernández
- Tecnología de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Eristeo García-Márquez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad Noreste, Apodaca, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Centro Universitario de los Valles (CUVALLES), Universidad de Guadalajara, Ameca, Mexico
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Rice HB, Bannenberg G. Letter to the editor regarding "Omega-3 fats in pregnancy: could a targeted approach lead to better metabolic health for children?". Nutr Rev 2021; 80:136-137. [PMID: 34263316 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our letter to the editor is to offer additional perspective regarding 4 statements that do not fully represent the totality of the available scientific evidence. The 4 statements are as follows: (1) "Multiple studies have shown that n-3 PUFA products frequently have less n-3 PUFA content than labelled"; (2) "Recently, krill oil supplementation was shown to induce insulin resistance, indicating that it is potentially harmful"; (3) "… fish oil products are frequently oxidized at the time of purchase"; and (4) "In rats, supplementation with oxidized fish oil during pregnancy induced persistent maternal insulin resistance and increased neonatal mortality rate." We respectfully request the authors' future publications consider the totality of the available scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry B Rice
- H.B. Rice and G. Bannenberg are with the Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3s (GOED), Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Gerard Bannenberg
- H.B. Rice and G. Bannenberg are with the Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3s (GOED), Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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11
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Supercritical CO2 extraction of oil from Arctic charr side streams from filleting processing. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Domiszewski Z, Mierzejewska S. Effect of Technological Process on True Retention Rate of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids, Lipid Oxidation and Physical Properties of Canned Smoked Sprat ( Sprattus sprattus). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 2021:5539376. [PMID: 34124234 PMCID: PMC8189772 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5539376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In connection with the severe deficiencies of EPA and DHA in the human diet, the industry should provide inexpensive fish products that are characterized by the appropriate lipid quality. The influence of the technological process on true retention rate of EPA and DHA, indicators of lipid oxidation and physical properties, of canned smoked sprat in oil was investigated. It was assumed that the double dose of heat during the technological process (smoking/sterilization) can significantly affect the quality of lipids. The study was carried out on fresh fish and after frozen storage. After smoking, the percentage of EPA and DHA in lipids did not change significantly, while the content of these acids per wet weight (g/100 g) increased by about 20%. During smoking, a faster increase in oxidation products was observed in frozen fish (increase by 22%-36%) than in fresh fish (increase by 31%-54%). Sterilization caused EPA and DHA to be "regrouped" from the fish to the oil rather than their physical losses. After sterilization, the fish retained 70%-77% EPA and DHA content (the rest passed into the oil). EPA and DHA losses were 8.5% higher in canned products obtained from frozen fish compared to fresh fish. True retention should be used to assess changes in EPA and DHA content in fish after sterilization (and not the expression of EPA and DHA content in % or g/100 g). A better indicator of changes in the physical parameters of canned fish after sterilization is the analysis of the proportion of the water layer rather than mass measurement. Despite the double dose of heat that occurred during the canned sprat production process, the peroxide value in fish and in oil did not exceed 10 (mEqO2/kg of lipid) and p-anisidine value did not exceed 20. This means that these lipids were characterized by good quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdzisław Domiszewski
- Department of Food Industry Processes and Facilities, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin 75-620, Poland
| | - Sylwia Mierzejewska
- Department of Food Industry Processes and Facilities, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin 75-620, Poland
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Kvangarsnes K, Kendler S, Rustad T, Aas GH. Induced oxidation and addition of antioxidant before enzymatic hydrolysis of heads of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) - effect on the resulting oil and protein fraction. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06816. [PMID: 33997377 PMCID: PMC8093460 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of freshness of heads of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) for hydrolysing fish protein was investigated. To simulate storage and transportation, hydrogen peroxide and iron was added to minced heads to induce oxidation in the raw material prior to one week of storage. The effect of antioxidant in retarding oxidative changes during hydrolysis or to the raw material was investigated by adding butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) prior to hydrolysis or storage. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out using bromelain and papain. The oil fraction was separated from the water soluble proteins, and the soluble phase was freeze dried. Both the oil fraction and protein fraction from enzymatic hydrolysis was affected by oxidative state of raw material. FFA was significantly higher in those FPH made from raw material added pro-oxidants, addition of antioxidant did not affect the level of FFA. The solubility of proteins in dried fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) decreased significantly when using oxidized raw material. Although addition of antioxidant improved the solubility, it was still significantly lower compared to those FPHs not added pro-oxidants. The FPH with decreased solubility also had higher levels of carbonyl groups which indicate protein oxidation. However, the oxidative state of raw material did not affect fatty acid composition in oil fraction or the amino acid composition in the FPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Kvangarsnes
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences Ålesund, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), PO Box 1517, 6025 Aalesund, Norway
| | - Sophie Kendler
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Turid Rustad
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Grete Hansen Aas
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences Ålesund, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), PO Box 1517, 6025 Aalesund, Norway
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Hilmarsdottir GS, Ogmundarson Ó, Arason S, Gudjónsdóttir M. Efficiency of fishmeal and fish oil processing of different pelagic fish species: Identification of processing steps for potential optimization toward protein production for human consumption. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ólafur Ogmundarson
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition University of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland
| | - Sigurjon Arason
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition University of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland
- Matis ohf. Icelandic Food and Biotech R&D Reykjavík Iceland
| | - María Gudjónsdóttir
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition University of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland
- Matis ohf. Icelandic Food and Biotech R&D Reykjavík Iceland
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Characterization of freeze-dried, oven-dried and blanched house crickets (Acheta domesticus) and Jamaican field crickets (Gryllus assimilis) by means of their physicochemical properties and volatile compounds. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Messina CM, Arena R, Manuguerra S, Renda G, Laudicella VA, Ficano G, Fazio G, La Barbera L, Santulli A. Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata) by-Products Valorization: Viscera Oil ω-3 Enrichment by Short-Path Distillation and In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030160. [PMID: 33803687 PMCID: PMC8002999 DOI: 10.3390/md19030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows a pilot scale protocol aimed to obtain an omega 3-enriched oil after the processing of farmed gilthead sea bream viscera (SBV); this was oil was tested in vitro for bioactivity, attesting to the possibility to turn waste into profit The quality of the oil, in terms of requirements for animal and human consumption, was assessed by determining some chemical parameters, such as peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ρ-anisidine (ρ-AV) content, total oxidation value (TOTOX), and phospholipids and free fatty acid (%), both in crude viscera oil (CVO) and refined viscera oil (RVO). Among the extraction conditions, the higher CVO yields were obtained at 60 °C for 10 min (57.89%) and at 80 °C for 10 min (67.5%), and the resulting oxidation levels were low when utilizing both extraction conditions. RVO, obtained from CVO extracted at 60 °C, showed the highest quality on the basis of the assessed parameters. The ethyl esters of the total fatty acid (TFA) contents extracted from RVO were enriched in the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid fraction (PUFAE) up to almost 56% via short path distillation (SPD). Antioxidant activities and adipogenic properties were tested in vitro. PUFAE protected 3T3 L1 cells from oxidative stress and exerted an anti-adipogenic effect in Dicentrarchus labrax pre-adipocytes, attesting to the beneficial properties for both farmed fish and human health. These results could stimulate the adoption of solutions aimed to recover and utilize aquaculture by-products at a higher scale, turning "waste into profit" and indicating a strategy to reach more sustainable business models in aquaculture resource utilization according to the principles of the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Maria Messina
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (C.M.M.); (R.A.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Rosaria Arena
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (C.M.M.); (R.A.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Simona Manuguerra
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (C.M.M.); (R.A.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Renda
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (C.M.M.); (R.A.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Alessandro Laudicella
- Istituto di Biologia Marina, Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (V.A.L.); (L.L.B.)
| | - Giovanna Ficano
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (C.M.M.); (R.A.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Gioacchino Fazio
- Dipartimento di Science Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, DSEAS, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 13, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Laura La Barbera
- Istituto di Biologia Marina, Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (V.A.L.); (L.L.B.)
| | - Andrea Santulli
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (C.M.M.); (R.A.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (G.F.)
- Istituto di Biologia Marina, Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (V.A.L.); (L.L.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Iqbal MZ, Durrani AZ, Khan JA, Ahmad N, Usman M, Jabbar A, Khan A, Usman S, Anjum A, Husnain M. Molecular epidemiology of Coxiella Brunetii in small ruminants in Punjab, Pakistan: a novel reporting analytical cross sectional study. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:68. [PMID: 33394174 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii, an intracellular zoonotic bacterium, causes query (Q) fever in ruminants. Its role has never been elucidated in small ruminants from Pakistan. The current study is designed to (a) determine the prevalence of coxiellosis in small ruminants, (b) evaluate the association of various potential risk factors and biomarkers in the occurrence of Coxiella burnetii, (c) and determine phylogeny and genetic variability of its various isolates identified during the study. For this purpose, 320 blood samples from sheep (n = 160) and goats (n = 160) were collected from 9 Union Councils of district Kasur, Punjab, and processed for DNA extraction. C. burnetii was confirmed by amplification of IS1111 transposase gene with an amplicon size of 294 bp. The results showed that the overall positive percentage of C. burnetii is 36.87% (sheep: 46.9% and goats: 30%). The phylogenetic tree was also constructed which described the possible origin of this pathogen from environment. Besides, after translation into amino acid, the resultant alignment showed several unique changes at position numbers 18 and 27 in the isolates from goats and at 27 and 66 from those of sheep. These mutations can have major impact on the infectious characteristics of this pathogen. Furthermore, different potential risk factors and clinical biomarkers like age, tick infestation, abortion, mastitis, and infertility were also studied and found that these are significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the occurrence of coxiellosis. It is concluded from the study that C. burnetii is endemic in small ruminants in Punjab, Pakistan. The outcomes of this study are alarming for scientific community as well as for policy makers because coxiellosis is an emerging threat to both humans and animals in this region due to its interspecies transmission ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid Iqbal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Zameer Durrani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jawaria Ali Khan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Khan
- Department of Public Health/Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Saba Usman
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Anjum
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Husnain
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Jairoun AA, Shahwan M, Zyoud SH. Fish oil supplements, oxidative status, and compliance behaviour: Regulatory challenges and opportunities. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244688. [PMID: 33382790 PMCID: PMC7774961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish oil supplements that are rich in omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). PUFAs are among the most widely-used dietary supplements globally, and millions of people consume them regularly. There have always been public concerns that these products should be guaranteed to be safe and of good quality, especially as these types of fish oil supplements are extremely susceptible to oxidative degradation. OBJECTIVES The aim of the current study is to investigate and examine the oxidation status of dietary supplements containing fish oils and to identify important factors related to the oxidation status of such supplements available in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). METHODS A total of 44 fish oil supplements were analysed in this study. For each product, the oxidative parameters peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AV), and total oxidation (TOTOX) were calculated, and comparisons were made with the guidelines supplied by the Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3s (GOED). Median values for each of the above oxidative parameters were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. P values < 0.05 were chosen as the statistically significant boundary. RESULTS The estimate for the average PV value was 6.4 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) [4.2-8.7] compared to the maximum allowable limit of 5 meq/kg. The estimate for the average P-AV was 11 with a 95% CI [7.8-14.2] compared to the maximum allowable limit of 20. The estimate for the average TOTOX value was 23.8 meq/kg with a 95% CI [17.4-30.3] compared to the maximum allowable limit of 26 according to the GOED standards. CONCLUSION This research shows that most, although not all, of the fish oil supplements tested are compliant with the GOED oxidative quality standards. Nevertheless, it is clear that there should be a high level of inspection and control regarding authenticity, purity, quality, and safety in the processes of production and supply of dietary supplements containing fish oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun
- Health and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, UAE
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Sa’ed H. Zyoud
- Poison Control and Drug Information Center (PCDIC), College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
- Clinical Research Centre, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
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Putri AR, Aliaño-González MJ, Ferreiro M, Setyaningsih W, Rohman A, Riyanto S, Palma M. Development of a methodology based on headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry for the rapid detection and determination of patin fish oil adulterated with palm oil. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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The Effects of Varying Heat Treatments on Lipid Composition during Pelagic Fishmeal Production. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to provide insight into the lipid quality of pelagic fishmeal and fish oil processing of mackerel and herring cut-offs, and the effect of temperature changes in the cooker (85–95 °C) during production. Samples were collected after each processing step at a traditional processing line where water and lipid content, free fatty acids (FFA), phospholipids (PL) and fatty acid composition (FAC) were measured. Results showed that the standard procedures at 90 °C included ineffective draining and concentration steps. Moreover, the solid streams entering the driers variated in chemical composition, suggesting that processing each stream separately could be beneficial for maintaining the lipid quality. The cooking temperature affected the lipid removal from the fishmeal processing, where lowering the temperature to 85 °C resulted in a lower lipid content of the final fishmeal, along with lower FFA and PL values. Hence, the fishmeal and fish oil factories could save energy by lowering the cooking temperature, as well as obtaining more stable and higher value products. Further recommendations include more focus on the initial steps for a better homogenization and breakdown of the raw material, as well as investigation of different drying techniques applied on each processing stream entering the drying steps.
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Emami S, Zhang Z, Taha AY. Quantitation of Oxylipins in Fish and Algae Oil Supplements Using Optimized Hydrolysis Procedures and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass-Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9329-9344. [PMID: 32687334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fish and algae oil supplements are enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are precursors to oxidized fatty acids, known as oxylipins. Here, we optimized a base hydrolysis method for measuring oxylipins in oil with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and quantified them in fish and algae oil supplements. Hydrolysis of 2 μL of oil with sodium carbonate resulted in greater oxylipin concentrations and minimal matrix effects, compared to higher oil volumes (10, 20, and 30 μL). Oxylipin yield was higher when oil was hydrolyzed in methanol containing 0.1% acetic acid and 0.1% butylated hydroxytoluene, compared to no methanol, and using sodium hydroxide versus sodium carbonate. Oxylipins extracted from 2 μL of oil using sodium hydroxide in solvent showed that EPA-derived oxylipins were most abundant in fish oil (84-87%), whereas DHA-oxylipins were abundant in algae oil (83%). This study shows that fish and algae oils are direct sources of EPA- and DHA-derived oxylipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Emami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Grootveld M, Percival BC, Leenders J, Wilson PB. Potential Adverse Public Health Effects Afforded by the Ingestion of Dietary Lipid Oxidation Product Toxins: Significance of Fried Food Sources. Nutrients 2020; 12:E974. [PMID: 32244669 PMCID: PMC7254282 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich culinary oils (COs) to high temperature frying practices generates high concentrations of cytotoxic and genotoxic lipid oxidation products (LOPs) via oxygen-fueled, recycling peroxidative bursts. These toxins, including aldehydes and epoxy-fatty acids, readily penetrate into fried foods and hence are available for human consumption; therefore, they may pose substantial health hazards. Although previous reports have claimed health benefits offered by the use of PUFA-laden COs for frying purposes, these may be erroneous in view of their failure to consider the negating adverse public health threats presented by food-transferable LOPs therein. When absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) system into the systemic circulation, such LOPs may significantly contribute to enhanced risks of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), e.g. cancer, along with cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Herein, we provide a comprehensive rationale relating to the public health threats posed by the dietary ingestion of LOPs in fried foods. We begin with an introduction to sequential lipid peroxidation processes, describing the noxious effects of LOP toxins generated therefrom. We continue to discuss GI system interactions, the metabolism and biotransformation of primary lipid hydroperoxide LOPs and their secondary products, and the toxicological properties of these agents, prior to providing a narrative on chemically-reactive, secondary aldehydic LOPs available for human ingestion. In view of a range of previous studies focused on their deleterious health effects in animal and cellular model systems, some emphasis is placed on the physiological fate of the more prevalent and toxic α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. We conclude with a description of targeted nutritional and interventional strategies, whilst highlighting the urgent and unmet clinical need for nutritional and epidemiological trials probing relationships between the incidence of NCDs, and the frequency and estimated quantities of dietary LOP intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grootveld
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; (B.C.P.); (J.L.); (P.B.W.)
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Özyurt G, Özkütük AS, Uçar Y, Durmuş M, Ozogul Y. Evaluation of the potential use of discard species for fish silage and assessment of its oils for human consumption. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gülsün Özyurt
- Faculty of Fisheries Department of Seafood Processing Technology Cukurova University Adana Turkey
| | - Ali Serhat Özkütük
- Department of Fisheries Yumurtalık Vocational School Cukurova University Adana Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Uçar
- Faculty of Fisheries Department of Seafood Processing Technology Cukurova University Adana Turkey
- Faculty of Marine Science Ordu University Ordu Turkey
| | - Mustafa Durmuş
- Faculty of Fisheries Department of Seafood Processing Technology Cukurova University Adana Turkey
| | - Yesim Ozogul
- Faculty of Fisheries Department of Seafood Processing Technology Cukurova University Adana Turkey
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Sottero B, Leonarduzzi G, Testa G, Gargiulo S, Poli G, Biasi F. Lipid Oxidation Derived Aldehydes and Oxysterols Between Health and Disease. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sottero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino; Regione Gonzole 10 10043 Orbassano (Torino) Italy
| | - Gabriella Leonarduzzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino; Regione Gonzole 10 10043 Orbassano (Torino) Italy
| | - Gabriella Testa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino; Regione Gonzole 10 10043 Orbassano (Torino) Italy
| | - Simona Gargiulo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino; Regione Gonzole 10 10043 Orbassano (Torino) Italy
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino; Regione Gonzole 10 10043 Orbassano (Torino) Italy
| | - Fiorella Biasi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino; Regione Gonzole 10 10043 Orbassano (Torino) Italy
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Giese E, Winkelmann O, Rohn S, Fritsche J. Determining quality parameters of fish oils by means of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, mid-infrared, and near-infrared spectroscopy in combination with multivariate statistics. Food Res Int 2018; 106:116-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Suitability of microwave drying for mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) as alternative to freeze drying: Impact on nutritional quality and colour. Food Chem 2018; 254:129-136. [PMID: 29548432 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Freeze drying represents the current practice to stabilize mealworms, even though it is an energy demanding technique. Therefore, it was examined in the present study whether microwave drying could be a proper alternative. To this end, the impact of both drying techniques on the proximate composition, vitamin B12 content, fatty acid profile, oxidation status and colour parameters of mealworms was investigated. Furthermore, the influence of the application of vacuum during microwave drying was studied. The different drying technologies resulted in small differences in the proximate composition, while the vitamin B12 content was only reduced by microwave drying. The fat fraction of freeze dried mealworms showed a higher oxidation status than the fat of microwave dried mealworms. Application of a vacuum during the microwave drying process did not appear to offer advantages. This research shows that for mealworms microwave drying can be a proper alternative to freeze drying.
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How to Succeed in Marketing Marine Natural Products for Nutraceutical, Pharmaceutical and Cosmeceutical Markets. GRAND CHALLENGES IN MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69075-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Thomsen BR, Griinari M, Jacobsen C. Improving oxidative stability of liquid fish oil supplements for pets. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Raagaard Thomsen
- Division of Food Technology; National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | | | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- Division of Food Technology; National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Kongens Lyngby Denmark
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High-quality fish oil has a more favourable effect than oxidised fish oil on intermediate-density lipoprotein and LDL subclasses: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:1291-1298. [PMID: 28558855 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fish oil (FO) supplementation reduces the risk of CVD. However, it is not known if FO of different qualities have different effects on lipoprotein subclasses in humans. We aimed at investigating the effects of oxidised FO and high-quality FO supplementation on lipoprotein subclasses and their lipid concentrations in healthy humans. In all, fifty-four subjects completed a double-blind randomised controlled intervention study. The subjects were randomly assigned to receive high-quality FO (n 17), oxidised FO (n 18) or high-oleic sunflower oil capsules (HOSO, n 19) for 7 weeks. The concentration of marine n-3 fatty acids was equal in high-quality FO and oxidised FO (1·6 g EPA+DHA/d). The peroxide value (PV) and anisidine value (AV) were 4 mEq/kg and 3 in high-quality FO and HOSO, whereas the PV and AV in the oxidised FO were 18 mEq/kg and 9. Blood samples were collected at baseline and end of study. NMR spectroscopy was applied for the analysis of lipoprotein subclasses and their lipid concentrations. High-quality FO reduced the concentration of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) particles and large, medium and small LDL particles, as well as the concentrations of total lipids, phospholipids, total cholesterol, cholesteryl esters and free cholesterol in IDL and LDL subclasses compared with oxidised FO and HOSO. Hence, high-quality FO and oxidised FO differently affect lipid composition in lipoprotein subclasses, with a more favourable effect mediated by high-quality FO. In future trials, reporting the oxidation levels of FO would be useful.
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Driscoll DF. Pharmaceutical and Clinical Aspects of Lipid Injectable Emulsions. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 41:125-134. [PMID: 27738263 DOI: 10.1177/0148607116673187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The first clinically successful lipid injectable emulsion was marketed in 1961, consisting of soybean oil triglycerides in sterile water for injection. Since that time, numerous products have entered the market, with the main difference being changes in the oil composition with triglycerides of plant and marine oil origin. With this change, the fatty acid profiles are unique, coming from medium- and long-chain triglycerides. The fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated, having different pharmaceutical and metabolic activities that affect the safety and efficacy of these unique pharmaceutical dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Driscoll
- 1 Stable Solutions LLC, Easton Industrial Park, Easton, Massachusetts.,2 UMASS Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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31
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Raab A, Stiboller M, Gajdosechova Z, Nelson J, Feldmann J. Element content and daily intake from dietary supplements (nutraceuticals) based on algae, garlic, yeast fish and krill oils—Should consumers be worried? J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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32
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Albert BB, Cameron-Smith D, Garg ML, Derraik JG, Hofman PL, Cutfield WS. Marine oils: Complex, confusing, confounded? JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Albert BB, Vickers MH, Gray C, Reynolds CM, Segovia SA, Derraik JGB, Lewandowski PA, Garg ML, Cameron-Smith D, Hofman PL, Cutfield WS. Oxidized fish oil in rat pregnancy causes high newborn mortality and increases maternal insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R497-504. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00005.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fish oil is commonly taken by pregnant women, and supplements sold at retail are often oxidized. Using a rat model, we aimed to assess the effects of supplementation with oxidized fish oil during pregnancy in mothers and offspring, focusing on newborn viability and maternal insulin sensitivity. Female rats were allocated to a control or high-fat diet and then mated. These rats were subsequently randomized to receive a daily gavage treatment of 1 ml of unoxidized fish oil, a highly oxidized fish oil, or control (water) throughout pregnancy. At birth, the gavage treatment was stopped, but the same maternal diets were fed ad libitum throughout lactation. Supplementation with oxidized fish oil during pregnancy had a marked adverse effect on newborn survival at day 2, leading to much greater odds of mortality than in the control (odds ratio 8.26) and unoxidized fish oil (odds ratio 13.70) groups. In addition, maternal intake of oxidized fish oil during pregnancy led to increased insulin resistance at the time of weaning (3 wks after exposure) compared with control dams (HOMA-IR 2.64 vs. 1.42; P = 0.044). These data show that the consumption of oxidized fish oil is harmful in rat pregnancy, with deleterious effects in both mothers and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark H. Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clint Gray
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Paul A. Lewandowski
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Manohar L. Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Paul L. Hofman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Mozuraityte R, Kristinova V, Standal IB, Evensen H, Rustad T. Applicability of traditional and advanced methods for oxidative quality and stability on marine phospholipids. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Henning Evensen
- Department of Biotechnology; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Turid Rustad
- Department of Biotechnology; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
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Giese E, Winkelmann O, Rohn S, Fritsche J. Toward determining fat quality parameters of fish oil by means of1H NMR spectroscopy. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Editha Giese
- Faculty of Life Sciences/Food Science; Hamburg University of Applied Sciences; Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Sascha Rohn
- Hamburg School of Food Science; University of Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
| | - Jan Fritsche
- Faculty of Life Sciences/Food Science; Hamburg University of Applied Sciences; Hamburg Germany
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Ilievska B, Loftsson T, Hjalmarsdottir MA, Asgrimsdottir GM. Topical Formulation Comprising Fatty Acid Extract from Cod Liver Oil: Development, Evaluation and Stability Studies. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14060105. [PMID: 27258290 PMCID: PMC4926064 DOI: 10.3390/md14060105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a pharmaceutical formulation containing fatty acid extract rich in free omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid for topical use. Although the health benefits of cod liver oil and other fish oils taken orally as a dietary supplement have been acknowledged and exploited, it is clear that their use can be extended further to cover their antibacterial properties. In vitro evaluation showed that 20% (v/v) fatty acid extract exhibits good activity against strains of the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptoccoccuspyogenes and Streptoccoccuspneumonia. Therefore, free polyunsaturated fatty acids from cod liver oil or other fish oils can be used as safe and natural antibacterial agents. In this study, ointment compositions containing free fatty acids as active antibacterial agents were prepared by using various natural waxes and characterized. The effects of different waxes, such as carnauba wax, ozokerite wax, laurel wax, beeswax, rice bran wax, candelilla wax and microcrystalline wax, in the concentration range of 1% to 5% (w/w) on the ointment texture, consistency and stability were evaluated. The results showed significant variations in texture, sensory and rheological profiles. This was attributed to the wax’s nature and chain composition. Microcrystalline wax gave the best results but laurel wax, beeswax and rice bran wax exhibited excellent texturing, similar sensory profiles and well-balanced rheological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Ilievska
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Thorsteinn Loftsson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Myhrstad MCW, Ottestad I, Günther CC, Ryeng E, Holden M, Nilsson A, Brønner KW, Kohler A, Borge GIA, Holven KB, Ulven SM. The PBMC transcriptome profile after intake of oxidized versus high-quality fish oil: an explorative study in healthy subjects. GENES AND NUTRITION 2016; 11:16. [PMID: 27551317 PMCID: PMC4968435 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation, generating a range of different oxidation products with suggested negative health effects. The aim of the present study was to utilize sensitive high-throughput transcriptome analyses to investigate potential unfavorable effects of oxidized fish oil (PV: 18 meq/kg; AV: 9) compared to high-quality fish oil (PV: 4 meq/kg; AV: 3). METHODS In a double-blinded randomized controlled study for seven weeks, 35 healthy subjects were assigned to 8 g of either oxidized fish oil or high quality fish oil. The daily dose of EPA+DHA was 1.6 g. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated at baseline and after 7 weeks and transcriptome analyses were performed with the illuminaHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip. RESULTS No gene transcripts, biological processes, pathway or network were significantly changed in the oxidized fish oil group compared to the fish oil group. Furthermore, gene sets related to oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease were not differently regulated between the groups. Within group analyses revealed a more prominent effect after intake of high quality fish oil as 11 gene transcripts were significantly (FDR < 0.1) changed from baseline versus three within the oxidized fish oil group. CONCLUSION The suggested concern linking lipid oxidation products to short-term unfavorable health effects may therefore not be evident at a molecular level in this explorative study. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01034423.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ottestad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway ; Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Einar Ryeng
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Astrid Nilsson
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, Aas, N-1431 Norway
| | - Kirsti W Brønner
- TINE SA, Centre for Research and Development, P.O. Box 7, Kalbakken, 0902 Oslo, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, Aas, N-1431 Norway ; Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology (IMT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Grethe I A Borge
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, Aas, N-1431 Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway ; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, P.O Box 4950, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway ; Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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Cameron-Smith D, Albert BB, Cutfield WS. Fishing for answers: is oxidation of fish oil supplements a problem? J Nutr Sci 2015; 4:e36. [PMID: 26688722 PMCID: PMC4681158 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Gabbanini S, Matera R, Valvassori A, Valgimigli L. Rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of 4-hydroxynonenal for the assessment of oxidative degradation and safety of vegetable oils. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 869:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fish oil supplements in New Zealand are highly oxidised and do not meet label content of n-3 PUFA. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7928. [PMID: 25604397 PMCID: PMC4300506 DOI: 10.1038/srep07928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the quality and content of fish oil supplements in New Zealand. All encapsulated fish oil supplements marketed in New Zealand were eligible for inclusion. Fatty acid content was measured by gas chromatography. Peroxide values (PV) and anisidine values (AV) were measured, and total oxidation values (Totox) calculated. Only 3 of 32 fish oil supplements contained quantities of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that were equal or higher than labelled content, with most products tested (69%) containing <67%. The vast majority of supplements exceeded recommended levels of oxidation markers. 83% products exceeded the recommended PV levels, 25% exceeded AV thresholds, and 50% exceeded recommended Totox levels. Only 8% met the international recommendations, not exceeding any of these indices. Almost all fish oil supplements available in the New Zealand market contain concentrations of EPA and DHA considerably lower than claimed by labels. Importantly, the majority of supplements tested exceeded the recommended indices of oxidative markers. Surprisingly, best-before date, cost, country of origin, and exclusivity were all poor markers of supplement quality.
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41
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) as a marine functional source of gamma-tocopherol. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:5944-59. [PMID: 25501796 PMCID: PMC4278211 DOI: 10.3390/md12125944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma tocopherol (gT) exhibits beneficial cardiovascular effects partly due to its anti-inflammatory activity. Important sources of gT are vegetable oils. However, little is known to what extent gT can be transferred into marine animal species such as Atlantic salmon by feeding. Therefore, in this study we have investigated the transfer of dietary gT into salmon. To this end, fish were fed a diet supplemented with 170 ppm gT for 16 weeks whereby alpha tocopherol levels were adjusted to 190 ppm in this and the control diet. Feeding gT-rich diets resulted in a three-fold increase in gT concentrations in the liver and fillet compared to non-gT-supplemented controls. Tissue alpha tocopherol levels were not decreased indicating no antagonistic interaction between gamma- and alpha tocopherol in salmon. The concentration of total omega 3 fatty acids slightly increased in response to dietary gT. Furthermore, dietary gT significantly decreased malondialdehyde in the fillet, determined as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation. In the liver of gT fed salmon we observed an overall down-regulation of genes involved in lipid homeostasis. Additionally, gT improved the antioxidant capacity by up-regulating Gpx4a gene expression in the pyloric caeca. We suggest that Atlantic salmon may provide a marine functional source capable of enriching gT for human consumption.
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Fish silage oil from rainbow trout processing waste as alternative to conventional fish oil in formulated diets for Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ottestad I, Retterstøl K, Myhrstad MCW, Andersen LF, Vogt G, Nilsson A, Borge GIA, Nordvi B, Brønner KW, Ulven SM, Holven KB. Intake of oxidised fish oil does not affect circulating levels of oxidised LDL or inflammatory markers in healthy subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:e3-e4. [PMID: 23146358 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Rupp TP, Rupp KG, Alter P, Rupp H. Replacement of Reduced Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (HUFA Deficiency) in Dilative Heart Failure: Dosage of EPA/DHA and Variability of Adverse Peroxides and Aldehydes in Dietary Supplement Fish Oils. Cardiology 2013; 125:223-31. [DOI: 10.1159/000350656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Oxidised fish oil does not influence established markers of oxidative stress in healthy human subjects: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2011; 108:315-26. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511005484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Intake of fish oil reduces the risk of CHD and CHD deaths. Marine n-3 fatty acids (FA) are susceptible to oxidation, but to our knowledge, the health effects of intake of oxidised fish oil have not previously been investigated in human subjects. The aim of the present study was to investigate markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and inflammation, and the level of plasma n-3 FA after intake of oxidised fish oil. In a double-blinded randomised controlled study, healthy subjects (aged 18–50 years, n 54) were assigned into one of three groups receiving capsules containing either 8 g/d of fish oil (1·6 g/d EPA+DHA; n 17), 8 g/d of oxidised fish oil (1·6 g/d EPA+DHA; n 18) or 8 g/d of high-oleic sunflower oil (n 19). Fasting blood and morning spot urine samples were collected at weeks 0, 3 and 7. No significant changes between the different groups were observed with regard to urinary 8-iso-PGF2α; plasma levels of 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and α-tocopherol; serum high sensitive C-reactive protein; or activity of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes. A significant increase in plasma level of EPA+DHA was observed in both fish oil groups, but no significant difference was observed between the fish oil groups. No changes in a variety of in vivo markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation or inflammation were observed after daily intake of oxidised fish oil for 3 or 7 weeks, indicating that intake of oxidised fish oil may not have unfavourable short-term effects in healthy human subjects.
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