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Menz J, Götz ME, Gündel U, Gürtler R, Herrmann K, Hessel-Pras S, Kneuer C, Kolrep F, Nitzsche D, Pabel U, Sachse B, Schmeisser S, Schumacher DM, Schwerdtle T, Tralau T, Zellmer S, Schäfer B. Genotoxicity assessment: opportunities, challenges and perspectives for quantitative evaluations of dose-response data. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2303-2328. [PMID: 37402810 PMCID: PMC10404208 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03553-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity data are mainly interpreted in a qualitative way, which typically results in a binary classification of chemical entities. For more than a decade, there has been a discussion about the need for a paradigm shift in this regard. Here, we review current opportunities, challenges and perspectives for a more quantitative approach to genotoxicity assessment. Currently discussed opportunities mainly include the determination of a reference point (e.g., a benchmark dose) from genetic toxicity dose-response data, followed by calculation of a margin of exposure (MOE) or derivation of a health-based guidance value (HBGV). In addition to new opportunities, major challenges emerge with the quantitative interpretation of genotoxicity data. These are mainly rooted in the limited capability of standard in vivo genotoxicity testing methods to detect different types of genetic damage in multiple target tissues and the unknown quantitative relationships between measurable genotoxic effects and the probability of experiencing an adverse health outcome. In addition, with respect to DNA-reactive mutagens, the question arises whether the widely accepted assumption of a non-threshold dose-response relationship is at all compatible with the derivation of a HBGV. Therefore, at present, any quantitative genotoxicity assessment approach remains to be evaluated case-by-case. The quantitative interpretation of in vivo genotoxicity data for prioritization purposes, e.g., in connection with the MOE approach, could be seen as a promising opportunity for routine application. However, additional research is needed to assess whether it is possible to define a genotoxicity-derived MOE that can be considered indicative of a low level of concern. To further advance quantitative genotoxicity assessment, priority should be given to the development of new experimental methods to provide a deeper mechanistic understanding and a more comprehensive basis for the analysis of dose-response relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Menz
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mario E Götz
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gündel
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Gürtler
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Herrmann
- Department of Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hessel-Pras
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Kneuer
- Department of Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Kolrep
- Department of Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dana Nitzsche
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Pabel
- Department of Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Sachse
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmeisser
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - David M Schumacher
- Department of Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tewes Tralau
- Department of Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zellmer
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Schäfer
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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Cheron M, Brischoux F. Exposure to Low Concentrations of AMPA Influences Morphology and Decreases Survival During Larval Development in a Widespread Amphibian Species. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00244-023-01008-y. [PMID: 37468648 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate's primary metabolite, AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid), is one of the most widely detected anthropogenic substance in surface waters worldwide. However, ecotoxicological studies on the potential effects of this metabolite at environmental concentrations on wildlife are scarce. Yet, due to its chemical properties, AMPA is likely to affect non-target species. In this study, we investigated sublethal effects of environmental concentrations of AMPA on the larval development of a widespread amphibian species, the spined toad Bufo spinosus. We performed a factorial experiment to study the effect of concentration and the timing of exposure (during embryonic development, larval development or both) to AMPA on the morphology, rate of development and survival of tadpoles. AMPA and timing of exposure interactively affected tadpole size (individuals exposed to AMPA after hatching were transitorily smaller, while individuals exposed to AMPA before hatching were longer), but not duration of development. Most of these effects were linked to exposure during embryonic development. Such effects in individuals exposed during embryonic development solely were long-lasting and persisted until the latest larval stages. Finally, we found that exposure to AMPA after hatching (during the larval stage) increased mortality. Exposure to low environmental concentrations of AMPA could have long-lasting consequences on fitness and population persistence. These findings are especially important to take into account at a time when multiple threats can interact to affect wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cheron
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC-CNRS UMR 7372, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC-CNRS UMR 7372, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France.
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3
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Azar İ, Kumral NA. Validation of LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, imidacloprid and some of their metabolites in maize silage. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:125-132. [PMID: 35060839 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2029275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a validation of a multi-residue analysis method was performed for the simultaneous analysis of chlorpyrifos (CHL), deltamethrin (DEL) and Imidacloprid (IMI) residues and some of their metabolites in maize silage, by LC MS/MS. Extraction was conducted with acetonitrile acidified with 1% acetic acid. To avoid the matrix effect, a matrix matched calibration was used. The method was validated according to the SANTE/12682/2019 Guidelines. Selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), trueness (recovery %) and precision (intra-day and inter-day) parameters were evaluated in line with the SANTE document. The linearities of all compounds were quite confident (R2≥ 0.98) and no interference was observed. The LOD and LOQ values were between 2.76 µg kg-1 to 53.61 µg kg-1 and 9.19 µg kg-1 to 178.71 µg kg-1, respectively. The recovery, repeatability RDSr and reproducibility RDSR values of compounds were calculated between 93.7-109.2%, 1-15%, and 1-13%, respectively. Consequently, results obtained with the evaluation of all parameters were found to be compatible with the SANTE validation criteria, so the method was reliable, effective and easy to use for the detection of insecticides and metabolites in maize silage with LC MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Azar
- Central Research Institute for Food and Feed Control, Bursa, Turkey
- Division of Plant Protection, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nabi Alper Kumral
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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4
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Kumar N, Gupta S. Persistence and degradation of cyantraniliprole in soil under the influence of varying light sources, temperatures, moisture regimes and carbon dioxide levels. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 55:1032-1040. [PMID: 32811281 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1808416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, persistence and degradation of cyantraniliprole, a leading anthranilic diamide pesticide against sucking insect pests, in inceptisol soil has been studied. Effect of various factors like light source (UV-light, sunlight and dark), temperature (5, 25 and 37 °C), moisture regime (dry, field capacity and submerged) and carbon dioxide level (415 and 625 µL L-1) on dissipation was also evaluated. Formation of IN-J9Z38, a major metabolite of cyantraniliprole, was monitored in different treatments. Samples were processed as per QuEChERS method and analysis was done by HPLC-PDA. Matrix matched calibration curve, prepared in the range 0.001-10 mg L-1, indicated very good linearity (R2 > 0.99) and sensitivity (instrument limit of detection 0.001 mg L-1). Cyantraniliprole residues dissipated with time and 47.7%-98.8% dissipation was recorded on 90th day in different treatments. Minimum half-life of cyantraniliprole, i.e. 8.7 days was recorded at elevated CO2 level (625 ± 5 µL L-1) while its maximum half-life of 86.6 days was recorded at 5 °C. Metabolite IN-J9Z38 started forming from zero-day and reached the maximum on 15th to 60th day. Microbial biomass carbon, as an index of microbial activity of soil, correlated well with the degradation of cyantraniliprole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Kumar
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Gupta
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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5
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Benigni R, Laura Battistelli C, Bossa C, Giuliani A, Fioravanzo E, Bassan A, Fuart Gatnik M, Rathman J, Yang C, Tcheremenskaia O. Evaluation of the applicability of existing (Q)SAR models for predicting the genotoxicity of pesticides and similarity analysis related with genotoxicity of pesticides for facilitating of grouping and read across. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.en-1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Ferré DM, Quero AAM, Hernández AF, Hynes V, Tornello MJ, Lüders C, Gorla NBM. Potential risks of dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin from their use in fruit/vegetable crops and beef cattle productions. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:292. [PMID: 29671119 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The active ingredients (a.i.) used as pesticides vary across regions. Diet represents the main source of chronic exposure to these chemicals. The aim of this study was to look at the pesticides applied in fruit, vegetable, and beef cattle productions in Mendoza (Argentina), to identify those that were simultaneously used by the three production systems. Local individuals (n = 160), involved in these productions, were interviewed. Glyphosate was the a.i. most often used by fruit-vegetable producers, and ivermectin by beef cattle producers. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and cypermethrin (CYP) were the only a.i. used by the three production systems. The survey revealed that CPF, CYP, alpha CYP, and CPF+CYP were used by 22, 16, 4, and 20% of the fruit and vegetable producers, respectively. Regarding beef cattle, CYP was used by 90% of producers, CYP + CPF formulation by 8%, and alpha CYP by 2%. The second approach of this study was to search the occurrence of CYP and CPF residues in food commodities analyzed under the National Plan for Residue Control (2012-2015). CYP residues found above the LOD were reported in 4.0% and CPF in 13.4% of the vegetable samples tested, as well as in 1.2 and 28.8%, respectively, of the fruit samples tested. Regarding beef cattle, CYP residues were reported in 2.3% and organophosphates (as a general pesticide class) in 13.5% of samples tested. In conclusion, consumers may be exposed simultaneously to CPF and CYP, from fruits, vegetables, and beef intake. Accordingly, the policy for pesticide residues in food and human risk assessment should account for the combined exposure to CPF and CYP. Moreover, appropriate toxicological studies of this mixture (including genotoxicity) are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Ferré
- Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Lateral Sur de Av. Acceso Este, Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Arnoldo A M Quero
- Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Lateral Sur de Av. Acceso Este, Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Avda. de la Investigación, 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Valentina Hynes
- Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Lateral Sur de Av. Acceso Este, Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marcelo J Tornello
- Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Lateral Sur de Av. Acceso Este, Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lüders
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega, 02950, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nora B M Gorla
- Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Lateral Sur de Av. Acceso Este, Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.
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7
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Narciso L, Catone T, Aquilina G, Attias L, De Angelis I, Iuliano MG, Tassinari R, Mantovani A, Maranghi F. The juvenile toxicity study as a tool for a science-based risk assessment in the children population group. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 72:136-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.06.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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Metruccio F, Castelli I, Civitella C, Galbusera C, Galimberti F, Tosti L, Moretto A. Compilation of a database, specific for the pesticide active substance and their metabolites, comprising the main genotoxicity endpoints. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.en-1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Metruccio
- International Centre for Pesticides and Health Risk Prevention (ICPS) ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco ‐ Azienda Ospedaliera e Polo Universitario Italy
| | | | - Consuelo Civitella
- International Centre for Pesticides and Health Risk Prevention (ICPS) ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco ‐ Azienda Ospedaliera e Polo Universitario Italy
| | - Carmen Galbusera
- International Centre for Pesticides and Health Risk Prevention (ICPS) ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco ‐ Azienda Ospedaliera e Polo Universitario Italy
| | - Francesco Galimberti
- International Centre for Pesticides and Health Risk Prevention (ICPS) ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco ‐ Azienda Ospedaliera e Polo Universitario Italy
| | - Luca Tosti
- Universita' degli Studi di Milano ‐ Public University Italy
| | - Angelo Moretto
- Universita' degli Studi di Milano ‐ Public University Italy
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9
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Bschir K. Risk, Uncertainty and Precaution in Science: The Threshold of the Toxicological Concern Approach in Food Toxicology. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2017; 23:489-508. [PMID: 27192993 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-016-9773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risk assessment is often affected by severe uncertainty. The frequently invoked precautionary principle helps to guide risk assessment and decision-making in the face of scientific uncertainty. In many contexts, however, uncertainties play a role not only in the application of scientific models but also in their development. Building on recent literature in the philosophy of science, this paper argues that precaution should be exercised at the stage when tools for risk assessment are developed as well as when they are used to inform decision-making. The relevance and consequences of this claim are discussed in the context of the threshold of the toxicological concern approach in food toxicology. I conclude that the approach does not meet the standards of an epistemic version of the precautionary principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Bschir
- Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Clausiusstrasse 49, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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11
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Wolf DC, Bachman A, Barrett G, Bellin C, Goodman JI, Jensen E, Moretto A, McMullin T, Pastoor TP, Schoeny R, Slezak B, Wend K, Embry MR. Illustrative case using the RISK21 roadmap and matrix: prioritization for evaluation of chemicals found in drinking water. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 46:43-53. [PMID: 26451723 PMCID: PMC4732461 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1082973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The HESI-led RISK21 effort has developed a framework supporting the use of twenty-first century technology in obtaining and using information for chemical risk assessment. This framework represents a problem formulation-based, exposure-driven, tiered data acquisition approach that leads to an informed decision on human health safety to be made when sufficient evidence is available. It provides a transparent and consistent approach to evaluate information in order to maximize the ability of assessments to inform decisions and to optimize the use of resources. To demonstrate the application of the framework's roadmap and matrix, this case study evaluates a large number of chemicals that could be present in drinking water. The focus is to prioritize which of these should be considered for human health risk as individual contaminants. The example evaluates 20 potential drinking water contaminants, using the tiered RISK21 approach in combination with graphical representation of information at each step, using the RISK21 matrix. Utilizing the framework, 11 of the 20 chemicals were assigned low priority based on available exposure data alone, which demonstrated that exposure was extremely low. The remaining nine chemicals were further evaluated, using refined estimates of toxicity based on readily available data, with three deemed high priority for further evaluation. In the present case study, it was determined that the greatest value of additional information would be from improved exposure models and not from additional hazard characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ammie Bachman
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc. Annandale,
NJ,
USA
| | | | - Cheryl Bellin
- DuPont Haskell Global Centers for Health & Environmental Sciences,
Newark,
DE,
USA
| | - Jay I. Goodman
- Pharmcology & Toxicology, Michigan State University,
East Lansing,
MI,
USA
| | - Elke Jensen
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Milan,
Milan,
Italy
| | - Angelo Moretto
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Milan,
Milan,
Italy
| | | | | | - Rita Schoeny
- United States Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC,
USA
| | - Brian Slezak
- DuPont Haskell Global Centers for Health & Environmental Sciences,
Newark,
DE,
USA
| | - Korinna Wend
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital,
Los Angeles,
CA,
USA
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles,
CA,
USA
| | - Michelle R. Embry
- ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Washington, DC,
USA
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12
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Laabs V, Leake C, Botham P, Melching-Kollmuß S. Regulation of non-relevant metabolites of plant protection products in drinking and groundwater in the EU: Current status and way forward. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 73:276-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Regulatory toxicology in the twenty-first century: challenges, perspectives and possible solutions. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:823-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Terry C, Rasoulpour R, Knowles S, Billington R. Utilizing relative potency factors (RPF) and threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concepts to assess hazard and human risk assessment profiles of environmental metabolites: A case study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 71:301-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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High-Throughput Methodology for the Determination of 33 Carbamates in Herbal Products by UHPLC–MS/MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Feigenbaum A, Pinalli R, Giannetto M, Barlow S. Reliability of the TTC approach: Learning from inclusion of pesticide active substances in the supporting database. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 75:24-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Moreno-González D, Huertas-Pérez JF, García-Campaña AM, Bosque-Sendra JM, Gámiz-Gracia L. Ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction for the determination of carbamates in wines by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1315:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Scientific Opinion on the hazard assessment of endocrine disruptors: Scientific criteria for identification of endocrine disruptors and appropriateness of existing test methods for assessing effects mediated by these substances on human health and the environment. EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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19
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Hardy T, Bopp S, Egsmose M, Fontier H, Mohimont L, Steinkellner H, Streissl F. Risk assessment of plant protection products. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.s1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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