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Zou J, Luan H, Xi P, Xue J, Fan J, Zhong X, Zhou X, Song X, Zhao X, Zou Y, Li L, Jia R, Fu Y, Liu Z, Yin Z. Gallnut tannic acid alleviates gut damage induced by Salmonella pullorum in broilers by enhancing barrier function and modulating microbiota. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1382288. [PMID: 38863452 PMCID: PMC11166010 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1382288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pullorum disease (PD) is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella pullorum (S. pullorum) that affects poultry. It is highly infectious and often fatal. Antibiotics are currently the mainstay of prophylactic and therapeutic treatments for PD, but their use can lead to the development of resistance in pathogenic bacteria and disruption of the host's intestinal flora. We added neomycin sulfate and different doses of tannic acid (TA) to the drinking water of chicks at 3 days of age and infected them with PD by intraperitoneal injection of S. pullorum at 9 days of age. We analyzed intestinal histopathological changes and the expression of immune-related genes and proteins by using the plate smear method, histological staining, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, ELISA kits, and 16S rRNA Analysis of intestinal flora. The results demonstrate that S. pullorum induces alterations in the immune status and impairs the functionality of the liver and intestinal barrier. We found that tannic acid significantly ameliorated S. pullorum-induced liver and intestinal damage, protected the intestinal physical and chemical barriers, restored the intestinal immune barrier function, and regulated the intestinal flora. Our results showed that TA has good anti-diarrhoeal, growth-promoting, immune-regulating, intestinal barrier-protecting and intestinal flora-balancing effects, and the best effect was achieved at an additive dose of 0.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongliang Luan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Qilu Animal Health Products Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Pengyuan Xi
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junshu Xue
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahao Fan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhong
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongxiu Liu
- Chengdu QianKun Veterinary Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Yan Y, Zheng X, Wu X, Wang L, He J, Hao B, Hu T, Wang S, Cui D. Battling Salmonella enteritidis infections: integrating proteomics and in vivo assessment of Galla Chinensis tannic acid. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:179. [PMID: 38715123 PMCID: PMC11075308 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infections pose a significant threat to animal and human health. Phytochemicals present a potential alternative treatment. Galla chinensis tannic acid (GCTA), a hydrolyzable polyphenolic compound, inhibits bacterial growth and demonstrates potential as an alternative or supplement to antibiotics to prevent Salmonella infections. However, little is known about the antimicrobial mechanism of GCTA against Salmonella. Here, we revealed 456 differentially expressed proteins upon GCTA treatment, impacting pathways related to DNA replication, repair, genomic stability, cell wall biogenesis, and lipid metabolism using TMT-labeled proteomic analysis. TEM analysis suggested altered bacterial morphology and structure post-treatment. A Salmonella-infected-mouse model indicated that GCTA administration improved inflammatory markers, alleviated intestinal histopathological alterations, and reduced Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) colonization in the liver and spleen of Salmonella-infected mice. The LD50 of GCTA was 4100 mg/kg with an oral single dose, vastly exceeding the therapeutic dose. Thus, GCTA exhibited antibacterial and anti-infective activity against S. Enteritidis. Our results provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of these antibacterial effects, and highlights the potential of GCTA as an alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhang Yan
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xueqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Jiongjie He
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Baocheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Tingjun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China.
| | - Dongan Cui
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China.
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Patra A, Arun Prasath V. Isolation of detoxified cassava (Manihot esculenta L.) leaf protein by alkaline extraction-isoelectric precipitation: Optimization and its characterization. Food Chem 2024; 437:137845. [PMID: 37922801 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The cassava leaves protein isolate extraction and optimization were investigated using response surface methodology, where the maximum protein content (21.83 ± 0.41 g/100 g dm), extraction yield (18.31 ± 0.53%), and protein recovery yield (69 ± 1.31%) were obtained at optimal conditions: 114 min extraction time, 46 °C extraction temperature, 23.5 mL/g solvent/solute ratio and pH 11.0 value. The presence of toxicant (Cyanide) and anti-nutrient (tannin) in cassava leaves reduced the bio-accessibility of its protein isolate, strictly prohibiting its consumption. Therefore, detoxification was applied to diminish cyanide and tannin to 85% and 69% in leaves, respectively, where the protein content was reduced to 9.7%. However, detoxified cassava leaf protein isolate exhibited changes in the compositional, structural, morphological, molecular, and thermal characteristics compared to the controlled one. Moreover, the functional properties in protein isolate improved after detoxification at different pH conditions, which can be used as an active ingredient in various foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhipriya Patra
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - V Arun Prasath
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
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Ruan P, Dai P, Mao Y, Tang Z, He H, Wu G, Qin L, Tan Y. The in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects of IGF1R inhibitors against respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38299600 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2309643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was recognized as a pivotal receptor that facilitated the cellular entry of RSV. Small molecule inhibitors designed to target IGF1R exhibited potential as potent antiviral agents. Through virtual screening, we conducted a screening process involving small molecule compounds derived from natural products, aiming to target the IGF1R protein against respiratory syncytial virus infection. The molecular dynamics simulation analysis showed that tannic acid and daptomycin interacted with the IGF1R. The experimental results in vivo and in vitro showed that tannic acid and daptomycin had anti-RSV infection potential through reducing viral loads, inflammation, airway resistance and protecting alveolar integrity. The CC50 values of tannic acid and daptomycin were 6 nM and 0.45 μM, respectively. Novel small-molecule inhibitors targeting the IGF1R, tannic acid and daptomycin, may be effective anti-RSV therapy agents. This study may in future broaden the arsenal of therapeutics for use against RSV infection and lead to more effective care against the virus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinglang Ruan
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pei Dai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Second Department of Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affifiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Mao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongxiang Tang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hanlin He
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Winiarska-Mieczan A, Muszyński S, Tomaszewska E, Kwiecień M, Donaldson J, Tomczyk-Warunek A, Blicharski T. The Impact of Tannic Acid Consumption on Bone Mineralization. Metabolites 2023; 13:1072. [PMID: 37887397 PMCID: PMC10609055 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA) is an organic compound belonging to the tannin group. Like other tannins, it has an affinity for endogenous proteins, including digestive enzymes, which can result in the reduced digestibility and absorption of nutrients. It can also form complexes with mineral components, reducing their absorption. In some cases, this can be beneficial, such as in the case of toxic metals, but sometimes it may have a detrimental effect on the body when it involves essential mineral components like Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, or Fe. Therefore, the impact of TA on bone health should be considered from both perspectives. This relatively short review summarizes the available information and research findings on TA, with a particular focus on its potential impact on bone health. It is worth noting that future research and clinical studies may provide more detailed and precise information on this topic, allowing for a better understanding of the role of TA in maintaining the integrity of the musculoskeletal system. Despite its brevity, this paper represents a valuable contribution to the analysis of the potential benefits and challenges associated with TA in the context of bone health. We anticipate that future research will continue along this important research line, expanding our knowledge of the influence of this compound on the skeletal system and its potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Janine Donaldson
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Agnieszka Tomczyk-Warunek
- Laboratory of Locomotor System Research, Department of Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Medical University in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Blicharski
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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Benbettaieb N, Mlaouah E, Moundanga S, Brachais CH, Kurek M, Galić K, Debeaufort F. Bioactive antioxidant coatings for poly(lactic acid) packaging films: polyphenols affect coating structure and their release in a food simulant. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1115-1126. [PMID: 35781812 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has limited uses for moist and acidic foods due to its barrier properties, which are fairly poor, and its sensitivity to moisture. RESULTS Deposition of thin coatings based on natural biopolymers (gelatin) incorporating bioactive agents has allowed the development of active packaging materials while maintaining their biodegradability and their food contact material ability. Gelatin coatings containing two phenolic acids (tannic and gallic) have been tested. These coated PLA films displayed a reduction of the moisture permeability and a slight modification of the thermal properties of PLA. The antioxidant properties of the films and their release kinetics in a simulant medium have been studied and modelled. CONCLUSIONS Incorporation of phenolic acids induced interactions with the gelatin that modified the structure of the network and positively affected the retention, diffusivity, and transfer rate of the bioactive compounds when coated PLA films were in contact with the liquid simulant. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreddine Benbettaieb
- Department of BioEngineering, IUT-Dijon-Auxerre, University of Burgundy, 7 blvd Docteur Petitjean, BP 17867, Dijon, 21078, France
- UMR PAM A02.102 Procédé Alimenaires et Microbiologiques, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 1, Esplanade Erasme, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Emna Mlaouah
- National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), 676 Centre Urbain Nord, Tunis, 1080, Tunisie
| | - Sylvie Moundanga
- UMR PAM A02.102 Procédé Alimenaires et Microbiologiques, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 1, Esplanade Erasme, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Claire-Hélène Brachais
- Institut Carnot de Bourgogne UMR CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, Dijon, 21078, France
- Département Matériaux, ESIREM, University of Burgundy, Allée Savary, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Mia Kurek
- Food PAckaging Lab, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, PBF, University of Zagreb, Pierrotijeva 6, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Kata Galić
- Food PAckaging Lab, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, PBF, University of Zagreb, Pierrotijeva 6, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Frédéric Debeaufort
- Department of BioEngineering, IUT-Dijon-Auxerre, University of Burgundy, 7 blvd Docteur Petitjean, BP 17867, Dijon, 21078, France
- UMR PAM A02.102 Procédé Alimenaires et Microbiologiques, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 1, Esplanade Erasme, Dijon, 21000, France
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Dietary Phytogenic Extracts Favorably Influence Productivity, Egg Quality, Blood Constituents, Antioxidant and Immunological Parameters of Laying Hens: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172278. [PMID: 36077998 PMCID: PMC9454511 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the impact of dietary phytogenic extracts on laying hen productivity, egg quality, blood constituents, antioxidant, and immunological parameters through a meta-analytical approach. A total of 28 articles (119 data points) reporting the influence of dietary phytogenic extracts on the productive performance, egg quality, blood constituents, immunological, and antioxidant parameters of laying hens were embedded into a database. Statistical analysis was performed using a mixed model, with different studies treated as random effects and phytogenic extract levels treated as fixed effects. This meta-analysis revealed that dietary phytogenic extracts quadratically (p < 0.05) improved egg production and egg mass as well as decreased (p < 0.05) the feed conversion ratio (FCR) with no adverse effect on egg weight and egg quality. Feed intake and egg yolk percentage tended to increase linearly (p < 0.1). Total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) declined quadratically (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased linearly (p < 0.001), and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased linearly (p < 0.01), with increasing levels of dietary phytogenic extract. In addition, immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total superoxide dismutase (TSOD) increased linearly (p < 0.05) in line with the increase in dietary phytogenic extract level. It was concluded that the inclusion of phytogenic extracts in the diet of laying hens had a positive effect on productive performance, feed efficiency, egg mass, immunity, and antioxidant activity without interfering with egg quality. The optimum level of feed photogenic extract for egg production and feed efficiency was determined to be around 300 mg/kg feed.
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Influence of Gelatin-Based Coatings Crosslinked with Phenolic Acids on PLA Film Barrier Properties. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12070993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Single-use plastics are a major source of pollution and biodegradable polymers could be the best substitute, as they possess similar barrier and functional properties. Aiming at improving barrier properties and providing antioxidant bioactivity, PLA (PolyLactic Acid) films were coated with a crosslinked suspension of plasticized gelatin incorporating phenolic compounds. The coating process induced weak modifications of PLA properties due to plasticization by moisture and glycerol from the coating suspension. Indeed, a double glass transition was displayed. The water vapor barrier properties of the PLA-coated films were not significantly affected. Phenolic compounds induced a crosslinking of the gelatin network, slightly decreasing the moisture sensitivity and surface hydrophilicity. Therefore, the mechanical properties of PLA were maintained after coating and their barrier properties were highly improved, with up to a 600-fold reduction of the oxygen transfer rate. These results make possible new applications for oxidation-sensitive foods, and even for semi-moist foods.
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Massányi M, Halo M, Strapáková L, Slanina T, Ivanič P, Strapáková E, Strapák P, Halo M, Greń A, Formicki G, Massányi P. The Effect of Resorcinol on Bovine Spermatozoa Parameters in Vitro. Physiol Res 2020; 69:675-686. [PMID: 32584138 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to observe the effect of resorcinol on motility, viability and morphology of bovine spermatozoa. The semen was used from six randomly chosen breeding bulls. Ejaculate was diluted by different solutions of resorcinol in 1:40 ratio. Samples were divided into 7 groups with different concentrations of resorcinol (Control, RES1 - 4 mg/ml, RES2 - 2 mg/ml, RES3 - 1 mg/ml, RES4 - 0.5 mg/ml, RES5 - 0.25 mg/ml and RES6 - 0.125 mg/ml). Motility of spermatozoa was detected using CASA method at temperature of 37 °C in time periods 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 hours from the start of the experiment. Significant motility differences between all groups except control and RES6 with difference of 5.58 %, as well as between RES1 and RES2 groups with difference of 2.17 % were found. Progressive motility had the same significant differences. Spermatozoa viability (MTT test) decreased compared to control in all experimental groups during the entire duration of experiment. Observing morphologically changed spermatozoa, no significant changes were observed and a higher percentage of spermatozoa with separated flagellum in all experimental resorcinol groups compared to control were detected. Also, increased number of spermatozoa with broken flagellum, acrosomal changes and other morphological forms in the group with the highest concentration of resorcinol (RES1) were found. Results of our study clearly show negative effects on motility parameters of spermatozoa which depend on concentration, cultivation temperature and time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Massányi
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Sources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
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Wang Y, Li L, Ma Y, Tang Y, Zhao Y, Li Z, Pu W, Huang B, Wen X, Cao X, Chen J, Chen W, Zhou Y, Zhang J. Multifunctional Supramolecular Hydrogel for Prevention of Epidural Adhesion after Laminectomy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8202-8219. [PMID: 32520519 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative epidural adhesion remains a clinically challenging problem in spine surgery. Currently there are no effective and safe antifibrotic and antiadhesion biomaterials that have been specifically developed for this complication in clinical practice. Herein we designed and engineered an advanced antiadhesion hydrogel with multiple functionalities, including temperature-responsive gelation, self-healing, tissue adhesiveness, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antifibrosis. This multifunctional supramolecular hydrogel can be facilely constructed by integrating three functional modules, i.e., a thermosensitive triblock copolymer, poloxamer 407 (PX); a reactive oxygen species-eliminating and anti-inflammatory nanoparticle (TPCD NP); and an adhesion-enhancing compound, tannic acid (TA). The optimal formulation (PXNT) was hierarchically screened based on in vitro properties and in vivo activities. Therapeutically, local treatment with PXNT hydrogel effectively prevented epidural fibrosis and adhesion after laminectomy in both rats and rabbits. Of note, PXNT hydrogel showed more beneficial efficacy than different control thermosensitive hydrogels and a commercially available barrier product, Interceed. Mechanistically, PXNT hydrogel significantly attenuated local oxidative stress, inhibited inflammatory responses, and reduced fibrotic tissue formation. Moreover, treatment with PXNT hydrogel did not cause systemic adverse effects and neurological symptoms. Consequently, PXNT hydrogel is a highly promising biomaterial for preventing postlaminectomy epidural adhesion and adhesions after other surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yongchang Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The 72 Hospital of Army, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zimeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wendan Pu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xuan Wen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jiafei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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11
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Sadarman S, Ridla M, Nahrowi N, Ridwan R, Jayanegara A. Evaluation of ensiled soy sauce by-product combined with several additives as an animal feed. Vet World 2020; 13:940-946. [PMID: 32636591 PMCID: PMC7311863 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.940-946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present experiment aimed to evaluate the use of different additives, i.e., lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant, tannin extract, and propionic acid, on the chemical composition, fermentative characteristics, and in vitro ruminal fermentation of soy sauce by-product (SSB) silage. Materials and Methods: SSB was subjected to seven silage additive treatments: Fresh SSB, ensiled SSB, ensiled SSB+LAB, ensiled SSB+2% acacia tannin, ensiled SSB+2% chestnut tannin, ensiled SSB+0.5% propionic acid, and ensiled SSB+1% acacia tannin+1% chestnut tannin+0.5% propionic acid. Ensiling was performed for 30 days in three replicates, and each replicate was made in duplicate. The samples were evaluated for their chemical composition and silage fermentation characteristics and were tested in an in vitro rumen fermentation system. Results: In general, the nutrient compositions did not differ among the tested SSBs in response to the different additives used. The addition of tannins, either acacia or chestnut, and propionic acid significantly decreased the pH of the ensiled SSB (p<0.05). The addition of several additives (except LAB) decreased the ammonia concentration in SSB silage (p<0.05). The total volatile fatty acids in the in vitro rumen fermentation profile of the ensiled SSB were not significantly altered by the various additives applied. The addition of some additives, i.e., ensiled SSB+LAB and ensiled SSB+2% acacia tannin, reduced the digestibility values of the SSB (p<0.05). Different silage additives did not significantly affect methane production, although the addition of acacia tannins tended to result in the lowest methane production among treatments. Conclusion: The use of additives, particularly 2% acacia tannins, can reduce proteolysis in SSB silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadarman Sadarman
- Study Program of Nutrition and Feed Science, Graduate School of IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Department of Animal Science, Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ridla
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Nahrowi Nahrowi
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Roni Ridwan
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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Technological Application of Tannin-Based Extracts. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030614. [PMID: 32019231 PMCID: PMC7037717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannins are polyphenolic compounds naturally found in vegetables. Their presence in nature has prompted their historical use in many different ways. The revision of their traditional utilization has allowed their further modification aiming for an industrial application. Sometimes these modifications have implied the addition of harmful substances such as formaldehyde, classified as a carcinogen of category B1. In other cases, these natural tannins have been replaced by synthetic compounds that threaten human and animal health and damage the environment. Therefore, currently, both academy and industry are searching for the substitution of these unsafe complexes by the increasing inclusion of tannins, natural molecules that can be obtained from several and diverse renewable resources, modified using harmless additives. To achieve promising results, cost-efficient and eco-friendly extraction methods have been designed. Once these green alternatives have been isolated, they have been successfully applied to many fields with very assorted aims of utilization such as coagulants, adhesives, floatation agents, tannings, dyes, additives, or biomolecules. Therefore, this review offers a global vision of the full process that involves the tannin’s technological application including an overview of the most relevant tannin sources, effective extraction methods, and their utilization in very diverse fields.
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Sharma K, Kumar V, Kaur J, Tanwar B, Goyal A, Sharma R, Gat Y, Kumar A. Health effects, sources, utilization and safety of tannins: a critical review. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1662813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Sharma
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Beenu Tanwar
- Department of Dairy Technology, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Ankit Goyal
- Department of Dairy Chemistry, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Gat
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Porras SP, Hartonen M, Ylinen K, Tornaeus J, Tuomi T, Santonen T. Environmental and occupational exposure to resorcinol in Finland. Toxicol Lett 2018; 298:125-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Bryce SM, Bernacki DT, Smith-Roe SL, Witt KL, Bemis JC, Dertinger SD. Investigating the Generalizability of the MultiFlow ® DNA Damage Assay and Several Companion Machine Learning Models With a Set of 103 Diverse Test Chemicals. Toxicol Sci 2018; 162:146-166. [PMID: 29106658 PMCID: PMC6059150 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro MultiFlow DNA Damage assay multiplexes p53, γH2AX, phospho-histone H3, and polyploidization biomarkers into 1 flow cytometric analysis (Bryce, S. M., Bernacki, D. T., Bemis, J. C., and Dertinger, S. D. (2016). Genotoxic mode of action predictions from a multiplexed flow cytometric assay and a machine learning approach. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57, 171-189). The work reported herein evaluated the generalizability of the method, as well as several data analytics strategies, to a range of chemical classes not studied previously. TK6 cells were exposed to each of 103 diverse chemicals, 86 of which were supplied by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and selected based upon responses in genetic damage assays conducted under the Tox21 program. Exposures occurred for 24 h over a range of concentrations, and cell aliquots were removed at 4 and 24 h for analysis. Multiplexed response data were evaluated using 3 machine learning models designed to predict genotoxic mode of action based on data from a training set of 85 previously studied chemicals. Of 54 chemicals with sufficient information to make an a priori call on genotoxic potential, the prediction models' accuracies were 79.6% (random forest), 88.9% (logistic regression), and 90.7% (artificial neural network). A majority vote ensemble of the 3 models provided 92.6% accuracy. Forty-nine NTP chemicals were not adequately tested (maximum concentration did not approach assay's cytotoxicity limit) and/or had insufficient conventional genotoxicity data to allow their genotoxic potential to be defined. For these chemicals MultiFlow data will be useful in future research and hypothesis testing. Collectively, the results suggest the MultiFlow assay and associated data analysis strategies are broadly generalizable, demonstrating high predictability when applied to new chemicals and classes of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephanie L Smith-Roe
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Kristine L Witt
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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16
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Soliman HM, Arafat SM, Basuny AM, Shattory YE. Synthesis and Application of a New Amphiphilic Antioxidant. J Oleo Sci 2017; 66:1263-1271. [PMID: 29021490 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new amphiphilic antioxidant (tannyl stearate) derived from reaction of tannic acid with stearic acid was synthesized in order to improve tannic acid solubility in lipid materials. This reaction gives many products having different degree of esterification (tannyl mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta……stearate) which were separated using silica gel column chromatography and tentative identification was carried out using thin layer chromatography (TLC). The intrinsic viscosities (η) were used to differentiate between the different molecular weight of the produced esters1). Tannyl penta stearate is assumed to be the most suitable amphiphilic antioxidant derivative, where those derivatives with less degree of esterification would be less soluble in fat, and those of higher degree of esterification would exhaust more hydroxyl group that cause decreases of antioxidant activity. The structure of tannyl penta stearate was approved depending on its chemical analysis and spectral data (IR, H1 NMR,). The emulsification power of tannyl penta stearate was then determined according to method described by El-Sukkary et al.2), in order to prove its amphiphilic property. Then tannyl penta stearate was tested for its antioxidant and radical scavenging activities in three different manners, those are, lipid oxidation in sunflower oil using Rancimat, (DPPH) free radical scavenging and total antioxidant activity. {Pure tannic acid (T), butylhydroxyanisol (BHA) and butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) were used as reference antioxidant radical saving compounds}. Then tannyl penta stearate was added to sunflower oil, frying process was carried out and all physicochemical parameters of the oil were considered, and compared to other reference antioxidant in order to study the effect of this new antioxidant toward oil stability. Acute oral toxicity of the tannyl penta stearate was carried out using albino mice of 21-25 g body weight to determine its safety according to the method described by Goodman et al.3). Also liver and kidney functions of those mice were checked. Thus it could be concluded that the addition of tannyl penta stearate to frying oils offers a good protection against oxidation. The effectiveness of tannyl penta stearate as lipid antioxidant has been attributed mainly to its stability at high temperature. And according to acute lethal toxicity test tannyl penta stearate was found to be a safe compound that can be used as food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaker M Arafat
- Olis & Fats Dept., Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center
| | - Amany M Basuny
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University
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18
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Tomaszewska E, Dobrowolski P, Winiarska-Mieczan A, Kwiecień M, Muszyński S, Tomczyk A. The effect of tannic acid on bone mechanical and geometric properties, bone density, and trabecular histomorphometry as well as the morphology of articular and growth cartilages in rats co-exposed to cadmium and lead is dose dependent. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 33:855-866. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233717718973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are toxic elements that accumulate to the largest extent in bones. Rats were used to investigate whether tannic acid (TA; 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%. 2.0%, or 2.5%) would have a protective effect on the structure and properties of bones in the case of exposure to Cd and Pb (diet: 7 mg Cd/kg and 50 mg Pb/kg) for 6 weeks. The effects of administration of TA in Cd- and Pb-poisoned rats on bone characteristics and the morphology of articular and growth cartilages were determined. All the rats administered Cd and Pb had an enhanced Cd and Pb concentration in blood plasma and bone and reduced bone Ca content irrespective of the TA administration. Cd and Pb alone reduced the mechanical endurance and histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone and the thickness of the growth plate and articular cartilage. Tannic acid improved cancellous bone parameters in the rat exposed to Cd and Pb. A diet rich in TA improved articular cartilage constituents in heavy metal-poisoned rats. These results suggest that alimentary TA supplementation can counteract in a dose-dependent manner some of the destructive changes evoked by Cd and Pb possibly by reducing the exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tomczyk
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Ricci A, Parpinello GP, Palma AS, Teslić N, Brilli C, Pizzi A, Versari A. Analytical profiling of food-grade extracts from grape ( Vitis vinifera sp.) seeds and skins, green tea ( Camellia sinensis ) leaves and Limousin oak ( Quercus robur ) heartwood using MALDI-TOF-MS, ICP-MS and spectrophotometric methods. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Smeriglio A, Barreca D, Bellocco E, Trombetta D. Proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins: occurrence, dietary intake and pharmacological effects. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1244-1262. [PMID: 27646690 PMCID: PMC5429339 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins are a heterogeneous group of high MW, water-soluble, polyphenolic compounds, naturally present in cereals, leguminous seeds and, predominantly, in many fruits and vegetables, where they provide protection against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stressors. Tannins exert several pharmacological effects, including antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity as well as antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-nutritional and cardio-protective properties. They also seem to exert beneficial effects on metabolic disorders and prevent the onset of several oxidative stress-related diseases. Although the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic data for these phytochemicals are still sparse, gut absorption of these compounds seems to be inversely correlated with the degree of polymerization. Further studies are mandatory to better clarify how these molecules and their metabolites are able to cross the intestinal barrier in order to exert their biological properties. This review summarizes the current literature on tannins, focusing on the main, recently proposed mechanisms of action that underlie their pharmacological and disease-prevention properties, as well as their bioavailability, safety and toxicology. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
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Tomaszewska E, Dobrowolski P, Winiarska-Mieczan A, Kwiecień M, Tomczyk A, Muszyński S. The effect of tannic acid on the bone tissue of adult male Wistar rats exposed to cadmium and lead. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:131-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Smeriglio A, Barreca D, Bellocco E, Trombetta D. Proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins: occurrence, dietary intake and pharmacological effects. Br J Pharmacol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bph.13630 pmid: 27646690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Messina Italy
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Safety and efficacy of Diarr‐Stop S Plus® (Na2EDTA, tannin‐rich extract of Castanea sativa, thyme oil and oregano oil) as a feed additive for pigs for fattening. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Akande TO, Akinwumi AO, Abegunde TO. Cashew reject meal in diets of laying chickens: nutritional and economic suitability. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 57:17. [PMID: 26290737 PMCID: PMC4540253 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-015-0051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the nutritional and economic suitability of cashew reject meal (full fat and defatted) as replacement for groundnut cake (GNC) in the diets of laying chickens. A total of eighty four brown shavers at 25 weeks of age were randomly allotted into seven dietary treatments each containing 6 replicates of 2 birds each. The seven diets prepared included diet 1, a control with GNC at 220gkg−1 as main protein source in the diet. Diets 2, 3 and 4 consist of gradual replacement of GNC with defatted cashew reject meal (DCRM) at 50%, 75% and 100% on weight for weight basis respectively while diets 5, 6 and 7 consist of gradual inclusion of full fat cashew reject meal (FCRM) to replace 25%, 35% and 50% of GNC protein respectively. Each group was allotted a diet in a completely randomized design in a study that lasted eight weeks during which records of the chemical constituent of the test ingredients, performance characteristics, egg quality traits and economic indicators were measured. Results showed that the crude protein were 22.10 and 35.4% for FCRM and DCRM respectively. Gross energy of DCRM was 5035 kcal/kg compared to GNC, 4752 kcal/kg. Result of aflatoxin B1 revealed moderate level between 10 and 17 μg/Kg in DCRM and GNC samples respectively. Birds on control gained 10 g, while those on DCRM and FCRM gained about 35 g and 120 g respectively. Feed intake declined (P < 0.05) with increased level of FCRM. Hen day production was highest in birds fed DCRM, followed by control and lowest value (P < 0.05) was recorded for FCRM. No significant change (P > 0.05) was observed for egg weight and shell thickness. Fat deposition and cholesterol content increased (P > 0.05) with increasing level of FCRM. The cost of feed per kilogram decreased gradually with increased inclusion level of CRM. The prediction equation showed the relative worth of DCRM compared to GNC was 92.3% whereas the actual market price of GNC triples that of DCRM. It was recommended that GNC could be completely replaced by DCRM in layer’s diets in regions where this by product is abundant. However, FCRM should be cautiously used in diets of laying chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo O Akande
- Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Ile-Ife, Osun State Nigeria
| | - Akinyinka O Akinwumi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000 Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Taye O Abegunde
- Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Ile-Ife, Osun State Nigeria
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