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Nobile M, Mosconi G, Arioli F, Chiesa L, Peloso M, Accurso D, Butovskaya E, Fedrizzi G, Curci D, Panseri S. Evaluation of the Risk from Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Italy's Most Consumed Processed Fish Products. Foods 2024; 13:456. [PMID: 38338592 PMCID: PMC10855315 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In a balanced diet, regular fish consumption provides positive outcomes for human health. On the other hand, the seafood supply chain faces a significant food safety risk due to the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). In the present study, to assess the risk for Italian consumers, the concentrations of five PTEs, namely lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury, nickel, and aluminum, were determined in the three most consumed preserved fish in Italy: tuna (Thunnus albacares, Katsuwonus pelamis), mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus). Samples were collected from the national market, and the instrumental analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The analyzed PTEs were found in all the species that were investigated. However, after considering the target hazard quotient (THQ) and the hazard index (HI), it was observed that the three fish preserves did not pose any risk of chronic toxicity for the average consumer, even at the highest concentrations detected. However, for significant consumers, mercury detected in tuna samples represented almost 90% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) reported by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), representing a matter of concern for consumers, particularly regarding developmental neurotoxicity, whose HI exceeded 111%. The acute toxicity of nickel was also considered for significant consumers at the highest concentration detected, and the margin of exposure (MOE) calculated was above 7000, much higher than the value of 30 indicated by EFSA. Due to the lack of data on non-professional carcinogenicity or human intake through foods with low cancer risk, this toxicity was not considered in the analysis of PTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nobile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Giacomo Mosconi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Luca Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Mariantonietta Peloso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Reparto Chimico degli Alimenti di Bologna, Via Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (D.A.); (G.F.)
| | - Damiano Accurso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Reparto Chimico degli Alimenti di Bologna, Via Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (D.A.); (G.F.)
| | - Elena Butovskaya
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Reparto Chimica Alimenti e mangimi, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Fedrizzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Reparto Chimico degli Alimenti di Bologna, Via Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (D.A.); (G.F.)
| | - Dalia Curci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.C.); (D.C.); (S.P.)
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Pipoyan D, Stepanyan S, Beglaryan M, Mantovani A. Risk Characterization of the Armenian Population to Nickel: Application of Deterministic and Probabilistic Approaches to a Total Diet Study in Yerevan City. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2721-2732. [PMID: 35908143 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is a widespread metal that occurs in food and drinking water from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Oral exposure to Ni can induce a variety of adverse effects; the European Food Safety Authority established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 13 μg/kg bw and a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of 4.3 μg/kg bw to assess the risk of allergic reactions upon acute exposure. This study, the first conducted in Armenia, aimed to assess the dietary exposure of the adult Yerevan population (1272 subjects of both sexes) to Ni in a total diet study (TDS). Detection of Ni was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometry. To determine food consumption values, a 24-h recall survey was used. Following the K-means clustering test, two clusters were determined for food product intake. For the risk characterization of acute oral exposure, the margin of exposure (MOE) was calculated using both deterministic and probabilistic (Monte Carlo method) approaches. The average total exposure was 4.396 μg/kg bw, with limited influence by age and gender. The main contributors were "fruits and vegetables" followed by "bread and flour-based products": the total intake would be 5.11 μg/kg bw for a woman with high consumption of fruits and vegetables. Hence, the estimated chronic dietary exposure was below the TDI, irrespective of age and gender groups, and including high consumers. However, acute oral exposure estimates led to MOE values of less than 30 for most food products, indicating potential health concerns for Ni-sensitized individuals. The Monte Carlo approach indicated that the probability of occurrence of MOE lower than 30 was very high in the case of beef/veal, pork and chicken meat, eggs, and fish, alongside vegetable sources such as buckwheat, tomato, watermelon/melon, and potatoes. The findings prompt an investigation of Ni sources in the target foods in the Caucasus area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davit Pipoyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Seda Stepanyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Meline Beglaryan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia.
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Amarh FA, Agorku ES, Voegborlo RB, Ashong GW, Atongo GA. Health risk assessment of some selected heavy metals in infant food sold in Wa, Ghana. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16225. [PMID: 37215839 PMCID: PMC10196951 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants remain a high-risk group as far as exposure to toxic metals is concerned. The levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) in twenty-two (22) samples of baby foods and formulas were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The concentrations in (mg/kg) of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Sb were in the ranges 0.006-0.057, 0.043-0.064, 0.113-0.33, 0.000-0.002, 1.720-3.568, 0.065-0.183, 0.061-0.368 and 0.017-0.1 respectively. Health risk assessment indices like the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Cancer Risk (CR) and Hazard Index (HI) were calculated. EDI values of Hg, Cr, and As were below their recommended tolerable daily intake, that of Ni and Mn were lower in 95% of samples, and Cd was also lower in 50% of the samples. THQ values for As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, and Pb were 0.32-3.21, 0.75-1.10, 0.65-1.94, 0.00-0.37, 0.21-0.44, 0.08-0.12 and 0.26-1.13 respectively. The CR values were greater than 10-6, making them unacceptable for human consumption. HI values were between 2.68 and 6.83 (greater than 1), which implied that these metals are likely to pose non-carcinogenic health risks to infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Amerley Amarh
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hilla Limann Technical University, Wa, Ghana
| | - Eric Selorm Agorku
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ray Bright Voegborlo
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gerheart Winfred Ashong
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - George Atiah Atongo
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana
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Kollander B, Rodushkin I, Sundström B. Multi-Element Assessment of Potentially Toxic and Essential Elements in New and Traditional Food Varieties in Sweden. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091831. [PMID: 37174369 PMCID: PMC10178162 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the global movement toward the consumption of a more sustainable diet that includes a higher proportion of plant-based foods, it is important to determine how such a change could alter the intake of cadmium and other elements, both essential and toxic. In this study, we report on the levels of a wide range of elements in foodstuffs that are both traditional and "new" to the Swedish market. The data were obtained using analytical methods providing very low detection limits and include market basket data for different food groups to provide the general levels in foods consumed in Sweden and to facilitate comparisons among traditional and "new" food items. This dataset could be used to estimate changes in nutritional intake as well as exposure associated with a change in diet. The concentrations of known toxic and essential elements are provided for all the food matrices studied. Moreover, the concentrations of less routinely analyzed elements are available in some matrices. Depending on the food variety, the dataset includes the concentrations of inorganic arsenic and up to 74 elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ta, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, W, V, Y, Zn, Zr, rare Earth elements (REEs) (Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sm, Tb, Tm, and Yb), platinum group elements (PGEs) (Ir, Os, Pd, Pr, Pt, Re, Rh, Ru, and Pr), and halogens (Br, Cl, and I)). The main focus (and thus the most detailed information on variation within a given food group) is on foods that are currently the largest contributors to dietary cadmium exposure in Sweden, such as pasta, rice, potato products, and different sorts of bread. Additionally, elemental concentrations in selected food varieties regarded as relatively new or "novel" to the Swedish market are provided, including teff flour, chia seeds, algae products, and gluten-free products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilia Rodushkin
- Division of Geosciences, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
- ALS Scandinavia AB, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
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Narváez A, Izzo L, Castaldo L, Lombardi S, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Ritieni A. Multi-Mycotoxin Method Development Using Ultra-High Liquid Chromatography with Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Detection in Breakfast Cereals from the Campania Region, Italy. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:148. [PMID: 36828462 PMCID: PMC9962421 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breakfast cereals have been reported as one of the most susceptible cereal-based products to mycotoxin contamination. These products pose an even more concerning risk to human health since they are marketed as a ready-to-eat product and one of its main population targets is children. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to conduct a monitoring study of multiple mycotoxins contained in breakfast cereals samples marketed in Italy through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution Q-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. An acetonitrile-based methodology was validated for quantifying 24 mycotoxins in breakfast cereals. The results showed that 93% of the samples contained at least one mycotoxin. Beauvericin was the most prevalent toxin (86% of samples; mean concentration: 30.66 µg/kg), although the main enniatins, zearalenone-derived forms and fumonisins B1 and B2 were also detected. Co-occurrence was observed in 73% of the positive samples with up to five mycotoxins simultaneously occurring, mainly due to the combination of beauvericin and enniatins. These results provided more evidence about the high impact of non-regulated mycotoxins, such as the emerging Fusarium toxins, in breakfast cereals, and encourages the development of analytical methodologies including these and zearalenone-derived forms that could be going unnoticed with current methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Narváez
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luana Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Castaldo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Lombardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
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6
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Pederiva S, Avolio R, Marchis D, Abete MC, Squadrone S. Preliminary Data on Essential and Non-essential Element Occurrence in Processed Animal Proteins from Insects. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03462-6. [PMID: 36352299 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Insects represent a valuable and environmentally friendly protein alternative in food and feed. The Farm to Fork strategy encouraged the reintroduction of animal by-products in feed production to optimise recycling and to valorise under-used resources. In order to grant safe and valuable feed products, this study investigated the black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) chemical risk. Samples collected in different steps of production (8 samples of substrate for culturing, 7 samples of larvae, 15 samples of protein meal, 18 samples of spent substrate) were analysed for microessential elements (chromium, copper, iron, nickel, selenium and zinc) and inorganic contaminants (aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, lead, tin and vanadium) by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Microessential elements were found in the following order: Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Se > Cr (mg kg-1). Non-essential element concentrations were found lower than the set limits according to the European Union Regulations. The growing demand for alternative protein sources for feed production could be partially compensated by black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) meal, as it appears a good source for high-quality proteins and microessential elements which play a pivotal role in animal growth. In the foreseeable future the current legislation and the official monitoring plans may be implemented and broaden, to focus and assess limits for upcoming matrices, and to ensure feed and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Pederiva
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
- Italian National Reference Laboratory of Animal Proteins in Feed, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosa Avolio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy.
| | - Daniela Marchis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
- Italian National Reference Laboratory of Animal Proteins in Feed, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
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Risk Assessment of (Herbal) Teas Containing Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) Based on Margin of Exposure Approach and Relative Potency (REP) Factors. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192946. [PMID: 36230022 PMCID: PMC9564199 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) present distinct toxicity potencies depending on their metabolites and in vivo toxicokinetics. To represent the potency differences of various PAs, the interim relative potency (REP) factors have been derived. However, little is known about the risk assessment for (herbal) teas when taking REP factors into account. In this study, a set of 68 individual 1,2-unsaturated PA in 21 types of (herbal) teas was analyzed using LC-MS/MS. The REP factors for these PAs were applied on the PA levels. The margin of exposure (MOE) approach was employed to assess the risks of the exposure to PAs due to consumption of (herbal) teas. The results show that the total PA levels ranged from 13.4 to 286,682.2 μg/kg d.m., which were decreased by REP correction in most of the teas. The MOE values for tephroseris, borage and lemon balm (melissa) tea based on REP-corrected PA levels were below 10,000, assuming daily consumption of one cup of tea during a lifetime, indicating that consuming these teas may raise a concern. Our study also indicates a priority for risk management for tephroseris tea, as having nephrosis tea for more than 11.2 weeks during a 75-year lifetime would result in an MOE of 10,000.
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Cufaoglu G, Cengiz G, Onaran Acar B, Yesilkaya B, Ayaz ND, Levent G, Goncuoglu M. Antibiotic, heavy metal, and disinfectant resistance in chicken, cattle, and sheep origin
E. coli
and whole‐genome sequencing analysis of a multidrug‐resistant
E. coli
O100:H25 strain. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Cufaoglu
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kirikkale University Kirikkale Turkey
| | - Gorkem Cengiz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Bahar Onaran Acar
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Busra Yesilkaya
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Naim Deniz Ayaz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kirikkale University Kirikkale Turkey
| | - Gizem Levent
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine Texas Tech University Amarillo Texas USA
| | - Muammer Goncuoglu
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ankara University Ankara Turkey
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Pederiva S, Crescio MI, Ingravalle F, Abete MC, Marchis D, Squadrone S. Processed animal proteins (PAPs) in animal nutrition: Assessment of the chemical risk of essential and non-essential elements. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 71:126959. [PMID: 35248975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Processed animal products (PAPs) could be a great alternative to common protein supplements and represent a good example of recycling and valorization of by-products. Due to the reintroduction of certain types of PAPs in feed, a deeper knowledge of these heterogeneous matrices is needed. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of essential elements and inorganic contaminants in 55 PAPs considered as potential alternatives to common protein supplements. METHODS PAPs samples were analysed for essential (cobalt, nickel, chromium, copper, zinc, iron and manganese) and non-essential elements (arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury) by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS), Graphite Furnace Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (GF-AAS) and dual cell Direct Mercury Analyzer spectrometer (DMA-80). RESULTS Essential elements were found with the following decreasing order iron>zinc>copper>manganese>chromium>nickel>cobalt (mg kg-1). Only one sample was found non-compliant to lead concentration according to the European Union Regulation while negligible values of others non-essential elements were found. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PAPs could be a useful supplement for animal diet due to their natural content of essential elements. A careful monitoring of chemical elements should be required and eventually guidelines have to be drafted for a correct use of PAPs to ensure a safe and sustainable feed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Pederiva
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Chemistry Department, CReAA, via Bologna 148, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Ines Crescio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Chemistry Department, CReAA, via Bologna 148, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Ingravalle
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Chemistry Department, CReAA, via Bologna 148, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Chemistry Department, CReAA, via Bologna 148, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Marchis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Chemistry Department, CReAA, via Bologna 148, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Chemistry Department, CReAA, via Bologna 148, Turin, Italy.
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10
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Muys M, Papini G, Spiller M, Sakarika M, Schwaiger B, Lesueur C, Vermeir P, Vlaeminck SE. Dried aerobic heterotrophic bacteria from treatment of food and beverage effluents: Screening of correlations between operation parameters and microbial protein quality. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123242. [PMID: 32248065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Consortia of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (AHB) have potential as sustainable microbial protein (MP) source in animal feed. A systematic screening of the nutritional value and safety of AHB biomass from full-scale activated sludge plants from 25 companies in the food sector was performed. The variable protein content (21-49%) was positively correlated with biomass-specific nitrogen loading rate and negatively with sludge retention time (SRT). Compared to the essential amino acid profile of soybean meal protein, AHB displayed an overall surplus of threonine and valine, and deficits in cysteine, histidine, lysine and phenylalanine. Histidine was positively correlated with bCOD/PO43- in the influent and valine, isoleucine and threonine with SRT. Most AHB samples were safe apropos heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and antibiotics. Some pesticides exceeded regulatory limits, necessitating mitigation. This work highlighted that the food sector can provide high-quality MP, while retrofitting existing activated sludge plants towards high-rate processes can increase AHB quality and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Muys
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, België, Belgium
| | - Gustavo Papini
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, België, Belgium
| | - Marc Spiller
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, België, Belgium
| | - Myrsini Sakarika
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, België, Belgium
| | - Barbara Schwaiger
- Lebensmittel Vertrauen Analysen LVA GmbH, Magdeburggasse 10, 3400 Klosterneuburg 236286 f, HG Wien, Oostenrijk, Austria
| | - Céline Lesueur
- Lebensmittel Vertrauen Analysen LVA GmbH, Magdeburggasse 10, 3400 Klosterneuburg 236286 f, HG Wien, Oostenrijk, Austria
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Laboratory for Chemical Analysis, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Gent, België, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, België, Belgium.
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11
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Sakellari A, Karavoltsos S, Tagkouli D, Rizou C, Sinanoglou VJ, Zoumpoulakis P, Koutrotsios G, Zervakis GI, Kalogeropoulos N. Trace Elements in Pleurotus Ostreatus, P. Eryngii, and P. Nebrodensis Mushrooms Cultivated on Various Agricultural By-Products. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1594865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Sakellari
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Karavoltsos
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Tagkouli
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christiana Rizou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Koutrotsios
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios I. Zervakis
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Kos Durjava M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Mantovani A, Chesson A, Dierick N, Gropp J, Martelli G, Renshaw D, López-Gálvez G, Kouba M. Safety and efficacy of TYFER™ (ferric tyrosine chelate) as a zootechnical feed additive for chickens, turkeys and minor poultry species for fattening or reared for laying/breeding. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05608. [PMID: 32626231 PMCID: PMC7009228 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of the product TYFER™ (ferric tyrosine chelate) as zootechnical feed additive for chickens, turkeys and minor poultry species for fattening or reared for laying/breeding. The additive is safe for chickens for fattening at the maximum expected level of 200 mg TYFER™/kg complete feed; this conclusion can be extended to chickens reared for laying/breeding and extrapolated to turkeys and all minor poultry species for fattening or reared for laying/breeding. No concerns for consumer safety are expected from the use of the additive in poultry nutrition. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) considers that the additive poses a risk to users by inhalation, and should also be considered as an irritant to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Due to the presence of nickel, ferric tyrosine chelate should also be considered as a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. The supplementation of feed with the additive is not expected to pose an environmental risk. TYFER™ used at the minimum recommended level (20 mg/kg feed) in chickens diets has the potential to improve zootechnical parameters of birds. The additive at 20 mg/kg feed has the potential to reduce the caecal load Campylobacter spp. by at least 1 log10-units in chickens for fattening, thus with a potential impact to reduce the risk of human campylobacteriosis; however, the Panel notes that the load of Campylobacter in the chickens caecum is one of the multiple factors that contribute to Campylobacter load in carcases-meat. The conclusions on the efficacy of the additive can be extended to chickens reared for laying/breeding and extrapolated to turkeys and all minor poultry species for fattening or reared for laying/breeding. The Panel recommends including a specification for maximum lithium content in a potential authorisation of the additive.
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