1
|
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Fašmon Durjava M, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Herman L, Galobart J, Pettenati E, Tarrés‐Call J. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of l-lysine sulfate produced by Escherichia coli CGMCC 7.398 for all animal species (Kempex Holland B.V.). EFSA J 2022; 20:e07246. [PMID: 35475160 PMCID: PMC9019824 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of l-lysine sulfate produced by the genetically modified strain Escherichia coli CGMCC 7.398 as a nutritional feed additive for all animal species. Neither the production strain nor its recombinant DNA were detected in the final product. The additive does not pose any safety concerns associated with the production strain. The additive under assessment is considered safe for the target species. When using l-lysine sulfate, the background sulfur/sulfate content in the compound feed should be taken into account. l-lysine sulfate produced by E. coli CGMCC 7.398 is safe for the consumers and for the environment. In the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the potential of the additive under assessment to be irritant to skin or eyes, or on its potential to be a dermal sensitiser. The endotoxin activity of the additive represents a risk by inhalation for users handling the additive. The additive l-lysine sulfate is considered as an efficacious source of the essential amino acid l-lysine for non-ruminant animal species. For the supplemental l-lysine to be as efficacious in ruminants as it is in non-ruminant species, this would require protection against degradation in the rumen.
Collapse
|
2
|
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Fašmon Durjava M, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Edoardo Villa R, Woutersen R, Glandorf D, Galobart J, Pettenati E, Tarrés‐Call J. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of l-lysine monohydrochloride and l-lysine sulfate produced by Corynebacterium glutamicum CGMCC 14498 for all animal species (Kempex Holland BV). EFSA J 2021; 19:e06980. [PMID: 34976160 PMCID: PMC8678793 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of l-lysine monohydrochloride (l-lysine HCl) and l-lysine sulfate produced by Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum) CGMCC 14498 as a nutritional feed additive for all animal species. The active substance is l-lysine and it is produced in two different forms (monohydrochloride or sulfate). The production strain C. glutamicum CGMCC 14498 and its recombinant DNA were not detected in the final products. The products l-lysine HCl and l-lysine sulfate do not pose any safety concern associated with the production strain. l-Lysine HCl and l-lysine sulfate produced by C. glutamicum CGMCC 14498 are considered safe for the target species. When using l-lysine sulfate, the background sulfur/sulfate content in the compound feed should be taken into account. l-Lysine HCl and l-lysine sulfate produced by C. glutamicum CGMCC 14498 are safe for the consumer and the environment. In the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the potential of l-lysine HCl produced by the strain C. glutamicum CGMCC 14498 to be toxic by inhalation, and on the potential of l-lysine HCl and l-lysine sulfate produced by the above-mentioned strain to be irritant to skin or eyes, or on their potential to be dermal sensitisers. l-Lysine HCl and l-lysine sulfate produced by C. glutamicum CGMCC 14498 are considered efficacious sources of the essential amino acid l-lysine for non-ruminant animal species. For the supplemental l-lysine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non-ruminant species, this would require protection against degradation in the rumen.
Collapse
|
3
|
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Fašmon Durjava M, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Anguita M, Brozzi R, Galobart J, Pettenati E, Tarrés‐Call J. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of l-lysine sulfate produced by Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM 80227 for all animal species (Daesang Europe BV). EFSA J 2021; 19:e06706. [PMID: 34322178 PMCID: PMC8299270 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of l-lysine sulfate produced by Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM 80227 as a nutritional feed additive for all animal species. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the production strain C. glutamicum KCCM 80227 qualifies for the qualified presumption of safety (QPS) approach to safety assessment and is not detected in the final product. l-Lysine sulfate produced using C. glutamicum KCCM 80227 does not pose any safety concern associated with the production strain. The additive under assessment is considered safe for the target species. When using l-lysine sulfate, the background sulfur/sulfate content in the compound feed should be taken into account. l-Lysine sulfate produced by C. glutamicum KCCM 80227 is safe for the consumers, users and for the environment. The additive l-lysine sulfate is considered as an efficacious source of the essential amino acid l-lysine for non-ruminant animal species. For the supplemental l-lysine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non-ruminant species, it would require protection against degradation in the rumen.
Collapse
|
4
|
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Fašmon Durjava M, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Anguita M, Galobart J, Holcknecht O, Manini P, Pettenati E, Pizzo F, Tarrés‐Call J. Safety and efficacy of the feed additives concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) and l-lysine monohydrochloride produced by Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM 80183 for all animal species (CJ Europe GmbH). EFSA J 2021; 19:e06537. [PMID: 33959203 PMCID: PMC8080287 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) and l-lysine monohydrochloride (HCl) produced using Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM 80183 when used as nutritional additives in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The active substance is l-lysine. Concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) and l-Lysine HCl produced by the strain C. glutamicum KCCM 80183 do not pose any safety concern as regards the genetic modification of the production strain. The use of the additives under assessment in supplementing feed to compensate for l-lysine deficiency in feedingstuffs is safe for the target species. The FEEDAP Panel has concerns about the use of amino acids in water for drinking for hygienic reasons, and due to the risk of imbalances when administered simultaneously via feed. The use of both forms of l-lysine produced by fermentation using C. glutamicum KCCM 80183 in animal nutrition is considered safe for the consumers and for the environment. Concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) produced by C. glutamicum KCCM 80183 is considered hazardous by inhalation, not irritant to skin and eyes and it is not a skin sensitiser. l-Lysine HCl produced by C. glutamicum KCCM 80183 is considered hazardous by inhalation, it is not irritant to skin but mildly irritant to eyes and it is not a skin sensitiser. The additives under assessment are considered as efficacious sources of the essential amino acid l-lysine for non-ruminant animal species. For the supplemental l-lysine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non-ruminant species, it would require protection against degradation in the rumen.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Durjava MF, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Cocconcelli PS, Glandorf B, Herman L, Maradona MP, Saarela M, Anguita M, Galobart J, Holczkencht O, Manini P, Pettenati E, Pizzo F, Tarrés‐Call J. Safety and efficacy of l-lysine monohydrochloride and concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) produced by fermentation with Corynebacterium glutamicumKCTC 12307BP as feed additives for all animal species. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06333. [PMID: 33391396 PMCID: PMC7771263 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety for the target animals, consumer, user and the environment and on the efficacy of a concentrated liquid l-lysine (base, minimum 50%) and a l-lysine monohydrochloride (HCl, minimum 99%) produced by fermentation with a genetically modified strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum (KCTC 12307BP). Both forms of l-lysine are intended to be used in feed for all animal species and categories. Neither the production strain nor its recombinant DNA were detected in the final products. The additives do not pose any safety concern associated with the genetic modification of the production strain. Concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) and l-lysine HCl produced by the strain C. glutamicum KCTC 12307BP do not represent a risk for the target species, for the consumer, for the user and for the environment. l-Lysine HCl and concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) are considered to be efficacious sources of the essential amino acid l-lysine for non-ruminant animal species. For the supplemental l-lysine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non-ruminant species, it would require protection against degradation in the rumen.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Durjava MF, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Cocconcelli PS, Glandorf B, Herman L, Prieto Maradona M, Saarela M, Anguita M, Galobart J, Holczknecht O, Manini P, Pizzo F, Tarrés‐Call J, Pettenati E. Safety and efficacy of l-lysine monohydrochloride and concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) produced by fermentation with Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM 80216 as feed additive for all animal species. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06334. [PMID: 33343731 PMCID: PMC7744020 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of concentrated liquid l-lysine (base, minimum 50%) and l-lysine monohydrochloride (HCl, minimum 99%) produced by fermentation with a genetically modified strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum (KCCM 80216) as nutritional additives for all animal species. Neither the production strain nor its recombinant DNA was detected in the final products. The additives do not pose any safety concern associated with the genetic modification of the production strain. Concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) and l-lysine HCl produced by C. glutamicum KCCM 80216 do not represent a risk for the target species, the consumer and the environment. From the results of studies on the safety for the user of concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) and l-lysine HCl produced by a different production strain, it was possible to conclude on the safety for the user of the products under assessment. The concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) and the l-lysine HCl are not irritant to skin or eyes or skin sensitiser. l-lysine HCl is not hazardous by inhalation. l-lysine HCl and concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) are considered as efficacious sources of the essential amino acid l-lysine for non-ruminant animal species. For the supplemental l-lysine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non-ruminant species, it would require protection against degradation in the rumen.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Kouba M, Durjava MF, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Cocconcelli PS, Glandorf B, Herman L, Maradona MP, Saarela M, Anguita M, Galobart J, Holczkencht O, Manini P, Pettenati E, Pizzo F, Tarrés‐Call J. Safety and efficacy of concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) and l-lysine monohydrochloride produced by fermentation with Corynebacterium casei KCCM 80190 as feed additives for all animal species. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06285. [PMID: 33204313 PMCID: PMC7654397 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) and l-lysine monohydrochloride (HCl) produced using Corynebacterium casei KCCM 80190 when used as nutritional additives in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The active substance is l-lysine. The production strain is genetically modified. It does not carry acquired antimicrobial resistance genes and no viable cells of the production strain nor its DNA were detected in the final products. Therefore, the additives do not pose any safety concern regarding the genetic modifications. Concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) and l-lysine HCl produced by C. casei KCCM 80190 do not represent a risk for the target species, the consumer and the environment. From the results of studies on the safety for the user of concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) and l-lysine HCl produced by a different production strain, it was possible to conclude on the safety for the user of the products under assessment. Concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) produced by C. casei KCCM 80190 is considered hazardous by inhalation, not irritant to skin and eyes and it is not a skin sensitiser. l-Lysine HCl produced by C. casei KCCM 80190 is considered hazardous by inhalation, it is not irritant to skin but mildly irritant to eyes and it is not a skin sensitiser. Concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) and l-lysine HCl are considered efficacious sources of the essential amino acid l-lysine for non-ruminant animal species. For the supplemental l-lysine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non-ruminant species, it would require protection against degradation in the rumen.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Kos Durjava M, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Dierick N, Glandorf B, Herman L, Anguita M, Galobart J, Holczknecht O, Manini P, Pettenati E, Pizzo F, Tarrés‐Call J. Safety and efficacy of l-lysine sulfate produced by fermentation using Corynebacterium glutamicum KFCC 11043 as a feed additive for all animal species. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06203. [PMID: 32704318 PMCID: PMC7372484 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on l-lysine sulfate produced by fermentation using Corynebacterium glutamicum KFCC 11043 when used as a nutritional additive in feed for all animal species. The active substance is l-lysine. The production strain qualifies for the qualified presumption of safety (QPS) approach to safety assessment and was not detected in the final product. l-Lysine sulfate produced using C. glutamicum KFCC 11043 does not pose any safety concern associated with the production strain. l-Lysine sulfate produced by C. glutamicum KFCC 11043 is considered safe for the target species. When using l-lysine sulfate, the background sulfur/sulfate content in the compound feed should be taken into account. l-Lysine sulfate produced by C. glutamicum KFCC 11043 is safe for the consumer and for the environment. From the results of studies on the safety for the user of l-lysine sulfate produced by a different production strain, it was possible to conclude on the safety for the user of the product under assessment. l-Lysine sulfate produced by C. glutamicum KFCC 11043 is considered non-toxic by inhalation, non-irritant to skin or eyes and it is not a skin sensitiser. l-lysine sulfate is considered as an efficacious source of the essential amino acid l-lysine for non-ruminant animal species. For the supplemental l-lysine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non-ruminant species, it would require protection against degradation in the rumen.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Kouba M, Kos Durjava M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Cocconcelli PS, Glandorf B, Herman L, Prieto Maradona M, Saarela M, Brozzi R, Galobart J, Gregoretti L, Innocenti ML, Sofianidis K, Vettori MV, López-Gálvez G. Safety and efficacy of l-methionine produced by fermentation with Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM 80184 and Escherichia coli KCCM 80096 for all animal species. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05917. [PMID: 32626205 PMCID: PMC7008790 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for an opinion on the safety for the target animals, consumer, user and the environment and on the efficacy of l‐methionine produced by fermentation with Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM 80184 and Escherichia coli KCCM 80096 for all animal species. The two producing microorganisms were obtained by genetic modification. l‐Methionine is intended to be used in feed or water for drinking for all animal species and categories. Neither viable cells of the production strains, nor their recombinant DNA were detected in the final product. The additive does not pose any safety concern associated with the genetic modification of the production strains. l‐methionine produced by C. glutamicum KCCM 80184 and E. coli KCCM 80096. The additive is considered safe for the target species, for the consumer and for the environment. l‐Methionine produced by C. glutamicum KCCM 80184 and E. coli KCCM 80096 is considered not toxic by inhalation, non‐irritant to skin or eyes and not a dermal sensitiser. Regarding the use in water, the FEEDAP Panel reiterates its concerns over the safety of l‐methionine for target species when administered via water for drinking owing to the risk of nutritional imbalances and hygienic reasons. l‐Methionine produced by C. glutamicum KCCM 80184 and E. coli KCCM 80096 is considered as an efficacious source of the essential amino acid l‐methionine for non‐ruminant animal species. For the supplemental l‐methionine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non‐ruminant species, it would require protection against degradation in the rumen.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Kouba M, Kos Durjava M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Costa L, Cubadda F, Dierick N, Flachowsky G, Glandorf B, Herman L, Mantovani A, Anguita M, Tarrés-Call J, Ramos F. Safety and efficacy of l-lysine monohydrochloride and concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) produced by fermentation using Corynebacterium glutamicum strains NRRL-B-67439 or NRRL B-67535 for all animal species. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05886. [PMID: 32626174 PMCID: PMC7008832 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for an opinion on the safety for the target animals, consumer, user and the environment and on the efficacy of a l-lysine monohydrochloride (HCl, minimum 98.5%) and of a concentrated liquid l-lysine (base, minimum 50%) produced by genetically modified strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum (NRRL-B-67439 or NRRL B-67535). They are intended to be used in feed or water for drinking for all animal species and categories. Neither viable cells of the production strains C. glutamicum strains NRRLB-67439 or NRRL B-67535; nor their recombinant DNA were detected in the final products. Therefore, those products do not pose any safety concern associated with the genetic modification of the production strains. l-Lysine HCl and concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) produced by C. glutamicum strains NRRLB-67439 or NRRL B-67535 are considered safe for the target species, for the consumer and for the environment. l-Lysine HCl produced by C. glutamicum strains NRRL B-67439 or NRRL B-67535 is considered not irritant to skin or eyes and not a skin sensitiser. In the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the potential toxicity by inhalation of l-lysine HCl produced by C. glutamicum strains NRRL B-67439 or NRRL B-67535. Concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) produced by C. glutamicum strains NRRL B-67439 or NRRL B-67535, due to its high pH (10.7 and 10.9, respectively) is anticipated to be corrosive to skin and eyes and poses a risk by inhalation. l-Lysine HCl and concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) produced by C. glutamicum strains NRRLB-67439 or NRRL B-67535 are considered as efficacious sources of the essential amino acid l-lysine for non-ruminant animal species. For the supplemental l-lysine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non-ruminant species, it would require protection against degradation in the rumen.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, de Lourdes Bastos M, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Kouba M, Kos Durjava M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Costa L, Cubadda F, Dierick N, Flachowsky G, Mantovani A, Wallace RJ, Tarres-Call J, Ramos F. Safety and efficacy of l-lysine monohydrochloride and concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) produced by fermentation using Corynebacterium glutamicum strain KCCM 10227 for all animal species. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05697. [PMID: 32626320 PMCID: PMC7009066 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on l-lysine monohydrochloride and concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) produced using Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM 10227 when used as nutritional additives in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The active substance is l-lysine. l-lysine HCl and concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) produced by the strain C. glutamicum KCCM 10227 do not represent a risk for the target species, the consumer and the environment. l-lysine HCl produced by C. glutamicum KCCM 10227 is hazardous by inhalation, it is not irritant to skin but mildly irritant to eyes and it is not a skin sensitiser. Concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) produced by C. glutamicum KCCM 10227 is hazardous by inhalation, not irritant to skin and eyes and it is not a skin sensitiser. l-lysine HCl and concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) are considered as efficacious sources of the essential amino acid l-lysine for non-ruminant animal species. For the supplemental l-lysine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non-ruminant species, it would require protection against degradation in the rumen.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bampidis V, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Kouba M, Kos Durjava M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Costa L, Dierick N, Flachowsky G, Glandorf B, Herman L, Kärenlampi S, Mantovani A, Aguilera J, Anguita M, Tarrés-Call J, Wallace RJ. Safety and efficacy of l-lysine monohydrochloride and concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) produced by fermentation using Corynebacterium glutamicum strain NRRL B-50775 for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by ADM. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05537. [PMID: 32626082 PMCID: PMC7009140 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for an opinion on the safety for the target animals, consumer, user and the environment and on the efficacy of a l-lysine monohydrochloride (HCl, minimum 98.5%) and of a concentrated liquid l-lysine (base, minimum 50%) produced by a genetically modified strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum (NRRL B-50775). They are intended to be used in feed or water for drinking for all animal species and categories. Neither the production strain C. glutamicum NRRL B-50775 nor its recombinant DNA was detected in the final product. Therefore, the product does not pose any safety concern associated with the genetic modification of the production strain. l-Lysine HCl and concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) produced by C. glutamicum NRRL B-50775 are considered safe for the target species, for the consumer and for the environment. l-Lysine HCl produced by C. glutamicum NRRL B-50775 is considered not irritant to skin or eyes and not a skin sensitiser. In the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the potential toxicity by inhalation of l-lysine HCl produced by C. glutamicum NRRL B-50775. Concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) produced by C. glutamicum NRRL B-50775, due to its high pH (11) it is anticipated to be corrosive to skin and eyes and poses a risk by inhalation. l-Lysine HCl and concentrated liquid l-lysine (base) produced by C. glutamicum NRRL B-50775 are considered as efficacious sources of the essential amino acid l-lysine for non-ruminant animal species. For the supplemental l-lysine to be as efficacious in ruminants as in non-ruminant species, it would require protection against degradation in the rumen.
Collapse
|
13
|
Rychen G, Aquilina G, Azimonti G, Bampidis V, Bastos MDL, Bories G, Chesson A, Cocconcelli PS, Flachowsky G, Gropp J, Kolar B, Kouba M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Mantovani A, Mayo B, Ramos F, Saarela M, Villa RE, Wester P, Costa L, Dierick N, Leng L, Wallace RJ. Safety of l-lysine sulfate produced by fermentation with Escherichia coli CGMCC 3705 for all animal species. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04714. [PMID: 32625414 PMCID: PMC7010133 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2015, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) issued an opinion on the safety and efficacy of l‐lysine sulfate produced by fermentation with Escherichia coli CGMCC 3705, when used as a nutritional additive for all animal species. The Panel concluded that a maximum supplementation of complete feed up to 1% l‐lysine sulfate was considered safe for all animal species; its use in animal feed does not pose a risk to the consumer or the environment; l‐Lysine sulfate was not considered a skin or eye irritant or a skin sensitiser, but should be considered a hazard by inhalation. The applicant originally proposed a specification of minimum 55% lysine. However, based on the data provided in the technical dossier, the FEEDAP Panel recommended that the additive should be specified to a l‐lysine content ≥ 65%. The applicant seeks authorisation for l‐lysine sulfate with a minimum content of 55% l‐lysine. The Commission gave the applicant the possibility of submitting complementary information to complete its assessment. The additional data on the characterisation of the additive containing ≥ 55% l‐lysine showed that > 99% of the product is comprised of known constituents, which do not give rise to safety concerns at the concentrations present. Therefore, the FEEDAP Panel considers that the conclusions of the previous opinion are applicable to the product l‐lysine produced with E. coli CGMCC 3705 containing ≥ 55% l‐lysine. Specifically, the FEEDAP Panel concludes that a maximum supplementation of complete feed up to 1% l‐lysine sulfate is considered safe for all animal species; that the use in animal feed does not pose a risk to the consumer or the environment; and that l‐Lysine sulfate is not considered a skin or eye irritant or a skin sensitiser, but should be considered a hazard by inhalation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Y, Li Q, Zheng P, Guo Y, Wang L, Zhang T, Sun J, Ma Y. Evolving the L-lysine high-producing strain of Escherichia coli using a newly developed high-throughput screening method. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 43:1227-35. [PMID: 27369765 PMCID: PMC4983297 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study provided a new method which applied a selected L-lysine-inducible promoter for evolving lysine industrial strains of E. coli. According to the intracellular levels of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) whose expression was controlled by the promoter, 186 strains were preliminarily selected using fluorescence-activated cell sorting from a 10-million-mutant library generated from a L-lysine high-producing E. coli strain. By subsequent multiple parameter evaluation of the 186 selected strains according to the concentration and the yield of lysine, the productivity per unit of cell in 96-deep-well blocks, two mutants MU-1 and MU-2 were obtained. They produced 136.51 ± 1.55 and 133.2 9 ± 1.42 g/L of lysine, respectively, in 5-L jars. Compared with the lysine concentration and the yield of the original strain, those of strain MU-1 improved by 21.00 and 9.05 %, respectively, and those of strain MU-2 improved by 18.14 and 10.41 %, respectively. The mutant selection and evaluation system newly established in our study should be useful for continuous improvement of the current E. coli strains in the lysine industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinggang Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. .,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanmei Guo
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jibin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. .,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanhe Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|