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Zhou J, Wu J, Fu F, Yao S, Zheng W, Du W, Luo H, Jin H, Tong P, Wu C, Ruan H. α-Solanine attenuates chondrocyte pyroptosis to improve osteoarthritis via suppressing NF-κB pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18132. [PMID: 38345195 PMCID: PMC10863976 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Solanine has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour properties; however, its efficacy in treating osteoarthritis (OA) remains ambiguous. The study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of α-solanine on OA development in a mouse OA model. The OA mice were subjected to varying concentrations of α-solanine, and various assessments were implemented to assess OA progression. We found that α-solanine significantly reduced osteophyte formation, subchondral sclerosis and OARSI score. And it decreased proteoglycan loss and calcification in articular cartilage. Specifically, α-solanine inhibited extracellular matrix degradation by downregulating collagen 10, matrix metalloproteinase 3 and 13, and upregulating collagen 2. Importantly, α-solanine reversed chondrocyte pyroptosis phenotype in articular cartilage of OA mice by inhibiting the elevated expressions of Caspase-1, Gsdmd and IL-1β, while also mitigating aberrant angiogenesis and sensory innervation in subchondral bone. Mechanistically, α-solanine notably hindered the early stages of OA progression by reducing I-κB phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65, thereby inactivating NF-κB signalling. Our findings demonstrate the capability of α-solanine to disrupt chondrocyte pyroptosis and sensory innervation, thereby improving osteoarthritic pathological progress by inhibiting NF-κB signalling. These results suggest that α-solanine could serve as a promising therapeutic agent for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Zhou
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
- The First People's Hospital of WenlingTaizhouChina
| | - Jinting Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
- Xinchang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineShaoxingChina
| | - Fangda Fu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Sai Yao
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Wenbiao Zheng
- Department of OrthopedicsTaizhou Municipal HospitalTaizhouChina
| | - Weibin Du
- Research Institute of OrthopedicsThe Affiliated JiangNan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Peijian Tong
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Chengliang Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
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Wolters PJ, Wouters D, Tikunov YM, Ayilalath S, Kodde LP, Strijker MF, Caarls L, Visser RGF, Vleeshouwers VGAA. Tetraose steroidal glycoalkaloids from potato provide resistance against Alternaria solani and Colorado potato beetle. eLife 2023; 12:RP87135. [PMID: 37751372 PMCID: PMC10522338 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants with innate disease and pest resistance can contribute to more sustainable agriculture. Natural defence compounds produced by plants have the potential to provide a general protective effect against pathogens and pests, but they are not a primary target in resistance breeding. Here, we identified a wild relative of potato, Solanum commersonii, that provides us with unique insight in the role of glycoalkaloids in plant immunity. We cloned two atypical resistance genes that provide resistance to Alternaria solani and Colorado potato beetle through the production of tetraose steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGA). Moreover, we provide in vitro evidence to show that these compounds have potential against a range of different (potato pathogenic) fungi. This research links structural variation in SGAs to resistance against potato diseases and pests. Further research on the biosynthesis of plant defence compounds in different tissues, their toxicity, and the mechanisms for detoxification, can aid the effective use of such compounds to improve sustainability of our food production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doret Wouters
- Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | | | | | - Linda P Kodde
- Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | | | - Lotte Caarls
- Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
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3
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Delbrouck JA, Desgagné M, Comeau C, Bouarab K, Malouin F, Boudreault PL. The Therapeutic Value of Solanum Steroidal (Glyco)Alkaloids: A 10-Year Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:4957. [PMID: 37446619 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroidal (glycol)alkaloids S(G)As are secondary metabolites made of a nitrogen-containing steroidal skeleton linked to a (poly)saccharide, naturally occurring in the members of the Solanaceae and Liliaceae plant families. The genus Solanum is familiar to all of us as a food source (tomato, potato, eggplant), but a few populations have also made it part of their ethnobotany for their medicinal properties. The recent development of the isolation, purification and analysis techniques have shed light on the structural diversity among the SGAs family, thus attracting scientists to investigate their various pharmacological properties. This review aims to overview the recent literature (2012-2022) on the pharmacological benefits displayed by the SGAs family. Over 17 different potential therapeutic applications (antibiotic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, etc.) were reported over the past ten years, and this unique review analyzes each pharmacological effect independently without discrimination of either the SGA's chemical identity or their sources. A strong emphasis is placed on the discovery of their biological targets and the subsequent cellular mechanisms, discussing in vitro to in vivo biological data. The therapeutic value and the challenges of the solanum steroidal glycoalkaloid family is debated to provide new insights for future research towards clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien A Delbrouck
- Institut de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michael Desgagné
- Institut de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Christian Comeau
- Institut de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Kamal Bouarab
- Centre SEVE, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - François Malouin
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Institut de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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4
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Kasimir M, Wolbeck A, Behrens M, Humpf HU. Intestinal Metabolism of Selected Steroidal Glycoalkaloids in the Pig Cecum Model. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18266-18274. [PMID: 37251124 PMCID: PMC10210216 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Due to the presence of the steroidal glycoalkaloid solanine, the potato was chosen as Germany's poisonous plant of the year 2022. Steroidal glycoalkaloids are secondary plant metabolites which have been reported to induce toxic as well as beneficial health effects. Nevertheless, data regarding occurrence, toxicokinetics, and metabolism of steroidal glycoalkaloids is scarce, and substantially more research is required for a proper risk assessment. Therefore, the intestinal metabolism of solanine, chaconine, solasonine, solamargine, and tomatine was investigated using the ex vivo pig cecum model. All steroidal glycoalkaloids were degraded by the porcine intestinal microbiota, releasing the respective aglycon. Furthermore, the hydrolysis rate was strongly dependent on the linked carbohydrate side chain. Solanine and solasonine, which are linked to a solatriose, were metabolized significantly faster than the chaconine and solamargin, which are linked to a chacotriose. In addition, stepwise cleavage of the carbohydrate side chain and the formation of β- and γ-intermediates were detected by HPLC-HRMS. The results provide valuable insights into the intestinal metabolism of selected steroidal glycoalkaloids and help to reduce uncertainties and improve risk assessment.
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pelaez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Aguilera‐Gómez M, Cubadda F, Frenzel T, Heinonen M, Marchelli R, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Poulsen M, Prieto Maradona M, Schlatter JR, van Loveren H, Gelbmann W, Gerazova‐Efremova K, Roldán‐Torres R, Knutsen HK. Safety of yellow/orange tomato extract as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07994. [PMID: 37207273 PMCID: PMC10190518 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on yellow/orange tomato extract used as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2283/2015. The NF which is the subject of the application is a carotenoid-rich extract from the yellow/orange tomato containing predominantly phytoene and phytofluene, as well as a lesser amount of beta-carotene, zeta-carotene and lycopene. The NF is produced from the tomato pulp using supercritical CO2 extraction. The applicant proposes the use of the NF in cereal bars, functional drinks and as a food supplement in individuals above 15 years of age. For the use of the NF in cereal bars and functional drinks, the Panel considers, the target population is the general population. According to EFSA's latest exposure assessment for lycopene as a food additive (EFSA ANS Panel, 2017), the highest P95 intakes for children (< 10 and 10-17 years) and adults when combined to the use of lycopene as a food colour from natural occurrence would exceed the established acceptable daily intake (ADI) for lycopene (0.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) day). The estimated intakes of the NF would lead to an exceedance of the ADI when considering natural occurrence and exposure to lycopene when used as a food additive. Due to the absence of safety data regarding phytoene and phytofluene intake from the NF, and the contribution of the NF to the estimated high daily intakes of lycopene, the Panel considers that it cannot be established whether or not the consumption of the NF is nutritionally disadvantageous. The Panel concludes that the safety of the NF has not been established under the proposed conditions of use.
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6
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Omics Profiles of Non-GM Tubers from Transgrafted Potato with a GM Scion. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2023; 11:1-20. [PMID: 36970308 PMCID: PMC10034357 DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.d-22-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
"Transgrafting" is a grafting procedure whereby a transgenic plant body is grafted to a non-transgenic plant body. It is a novel plant breeding technology that allows non-transgenic plants to obtain benefits usually conferred to transgenic plants. Many plants regulate flowering by perceiving the day-length cycle via expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in the leaves. The resulting FT protein is translocated to the shoot apical meristem via the phloem. In potato plants, FT is involved in the promotion of tuber formation. Here we investigated the effects of a genetically modified (GM) scion on the edible parts of the non-GM rootstock by using potato plants transformed with StSP6A, a novel potato homolog of the FT gene. Scions prepared from GM or control (wild-type) potato plants were grafted to non-GM potato rootstocks; these were designated as TN and NN plants, respectively. After tuber harvest, we observed no significant differences in potato yield between TN and NN plants. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that only one gene-with unknown function-was differentially expressed between TN and NN plants. Subsequent proteomic analysis indicated that several members of protease inhibitor families, known as anti-nutritional factors in potato, were slightly more abundant in TN plants. Metabolomic analysis revealed a slight increase in metabolite abundance in NN plants, but we observed no difference in the accumulation of steroid glycoalkaloids, toxic metabolites found in potato. Finally, we found that TN and NN plants did not differ in nutrient composition. Taken together, these results indicate that FT expression in scions had a limited effect on the metabolism of non-transgenic potato tubers.
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Dhalsamant K, Singh CB, Lankapalli R. A Review on Greening and Glycoalkaloids in Potato Tubers: Potential Solutions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13819-13831. [PMID: 36260761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Greening is an undesirable trait that develops in potatoes upon light exposure. This condition lowers market value, increases tuber waste in retail stores, and consequently influences the price of product in the long run. When potatoes are subjected to artificial light, the amyloplast converts into chloroplast. Although the development of total glycoalkaloids (TGA) is independent of light, the greening induced by exposure of potato to artificial light is an indication of probable TGA acceleration, which could be present in a low amount initially. Several research studies on optimum postharvest factors (temperature, lighting condition, relative humidity, pretreatment, storage air composition, and packaging) have been carried out to avoid greening and TGA development. This current review highlights major postharvest factors and summarizes past research regarding cause of greening and TGA development in potatoes in retail stores. Additionally, it also portrays the potential solutions that could help mitigate this problem, ultimately reducing wastage and achieving food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshanaprava Dhalsamant
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship (CARIE), Lethbridge College, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 1L6, Canada
| | - Chandra B Singh
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship (CARIE), Lethbridge College, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 1L6, Canada
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Zhang Z, Fu F, Bian Y, Zhang H, Yao S, Zhou C, Ge Y, Luo H, Chen Y, Ji W, Tian K, Yue M, Du W, Jin H, Tong P, Wu C, Ruan H. α-Chaconine Facilitates Chondrocyte Pyroptosis and Nerve Ingrowth to Aggravate Osteoarthritis Progression by Activating NF-κB Signaling. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5873-5888. [PMID: 36263144 PMCID: PMC9574566 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s382675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rapid growth of the elderly population, the incidence of osteoarthritis (OA) increases annually, which has attracted extensive attention in public health. The roles of dietary intake in controlling joint disorders are perhaps one of the most frequently posed questions by OA patients, while the information about the interaction between dietary intake and OA based on scientific research is limited. α-Chaconine is the richest glycoalkaloid in eggplants such as potatoes. Previous evidence suggests that α-Chaconine is a toxic compound to nervous and digestive systems with potentially severe and fatal consequences for humans and farm animals, but its effect on OA development remains obscure. OBJECTIVE To determine whether α-Chaconine deteriorates OA progression through sensory innervation and chondrocyte pyroptosis via regulating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, providing evidence for a possible linkage between α-Chaconine and OA progression. METHODS We established a mouse OA model by destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM) surgery and then intra-articular injection of 20 or 100 μM α-Chaconine into the OA mice for 8 and 12 weeks. The severity of OA progression was evaluated by histological staining and radiographic analyses. The expressions of matrix metabolic indicators, Col2, Mmp3, and Mmp13, as well as pyroptosis-related proteins, Nlrp3, Caspase-1, Gsdmd, IL-1β, IL-18, were determined by immunohistochemistry. And the changes in sensory nerve ingrowth and activity of NF-κB signaling were determined by immunofluorescence. RESULTS We found that α-Chaconine could exacerbate mouse OA progression, resulting in subchondral sclerosis, osteophyte formation, and higher OARSI scores. Specifically, α-Chaconine could augment cartilage matrix degradation and induce chondrocyte pyroptosis and nerve ingrowth. Mechanistical analysis revealed that α-Chaconine stimulated NF-κB signaling by promoting I-κB α phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings raise the possibility that α-Chaconine intake can boost chondrocyte pyroptosis and nerve ingrowth to potentiate OA progression by activating NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangda Fu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yishan Bian
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihao Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sai Yao
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengcong Zhou
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuying Ge
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuying Chen
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Ji
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Tian
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Yue
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weibin Du
- Research Institute of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peijian Tong
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengliang Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Hongfeng Ruan; Chengliang Wu, Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China, Fax +86 571 86613684, Email ;
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Křížkovská B, Viktorová J, Lipov J. Approved Genetically Modified Potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum) for Improved Stress Resistance and Food Safety. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11833-11843. [PMID: 36103343 PMCID: PMC9524371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) are one of the most important crops worldwide. However, its production and nutrient content are endangered by both biotic and abiotic stresses. The main yield losses are caused by pest damage (e.g., Colorado potato beetle and aphids), virus disease (e.g., Potato leafroll virus and Potato viruses Y and X), or oomycete pathogens (like Phytophthora infestans), which also significantly affect the production of antinutrients and toxic metabolites of plants. Therefore, the use of genetic engineering could be an efficient tool, not harmful to the environment, and beneficial to the consumer. In this review, we focus on the main sources of problems in the field of potato production according to approved genetic modifications, their traditional solution and positive impact of gene transfection reducing economic losses, use of insecticides, and improving the nutritional properties of potatoes. We summarize all transgenic events that have been performed on potatoes and have been approved for cultivation and/or direct use or processing as feed or food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bára Křížkovská
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Viktorová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lipov
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Rezaei Cherati S, Anas M, Liu S, Shanmugam S, Pandey K, Angtuaco S, Shelton R, Khalfaoui AN, Alena SV, Porter E, Fite T, Cao H, Green MJ, Basnakian AG, Khodakovskaya MV. Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Carbon Nanotubes Used for Agricultural Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12061-12072. [PMID: 35868016 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) are often used for potential agricultural applications. Since CBNs applied to plants can easily enter plant organs and reach the human diet, the consequences of the introduction of CBNs into the food chain need to be investigated. We created a platform for a comprehensive investigation of the possible health risks of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) accumulated in the organs of exposed tomato plants. Quantification and visualization of CNTs absorbed by plant organs were determined by microwave-induced heating (MIH) and radio frequency (RF) heating methods. Feeding mice with CNT-contaminated tomatoes showed an absence of toxicity for all assessed animal organs. The amount of CNTs accumulated inside the organs of mice fed with CNT-containing fruits was assessed by an RF heating technique and was found to be negligible. Our work provides the experimental evidence that the amount of CNTs accumulated in plant organs as a result of nanofertilization is not sufficient to induce toxicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Rezaei Cherati
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Muhammad Anas
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Sudha Shanmugam
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Kamal Pandey
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Steven Angtuaco
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Randal Shelton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Aida N Khalfaoui
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Savenka V Alena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Erin Porter
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Todd Fite
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72207, United States
| | - Huaixuan Cao
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Micah J Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Alexei G Basnakian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas 72207, United States
| | - Mariya V Khodakovskaya
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
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11
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Irungu FG, Tanga CM, Ndiritu FG, Mwaura L, Moyo M, Mahungu SM. Use of magnetic fields reduces α‐chaconine, α‐solanine, and total glycoalkaloids in stored potatoes (
Solanum tuberosum
L.). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Gichuho Irungu
- Department of Food Technology Chuka University Chuka Kenya
- Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology Egerton University Kenya
| | | | | | - Lucy Mwaura
- Food and Nutritional Evaluation Laboratory International Potato Center (CIP) Nairobi Kenya
| | - Mukani Moyo
- Food and Nutritional Evaluation Laboratory International Potato Center (CIP) Nairobi Kenya
| | - Symon Maina Mahungu
- Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology Egerton University Kenya
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12
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Baur S, Bellé N, Hausladen H, Wurzer S, Brehm L, Stark TD, Hücklhoven R, Hofmann T, Dawid C. Quantitation of Toxic Steroidal Glycoalkaloids and Newly Identified Saponins in Post-Harvest Light-Stressed Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8300-8308. [PMID: 35775364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although domesticated potatoes contain a large variety of steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) and saponins, in the past, many research projects mainly focused on the two major SGAs, α-solanine and α-chaconine. This study investigates the quantitative changes, induced by post-harvest LED light exposure, of six SGAs and four saponins in 12 potato cultivars at three different time points (1, 7, and 16 days), by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Altogether, SGA contents of 3.0-17.1 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW) could be observed in the analyzed tubers with potato varieties highly exceeding the newly discussed safety limit of 10 mg/100 g. The overall contents of 0.1-5.4 mg/100 g FW of the so far barely studied saponins, like protoneodioscin or barogenin-solatrioside, highly differed between the assayed potato cultivars. Furthermore, cultivar-specific regulations of SGAs and saponins could be observed due to light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Baur
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Nicole Bellé
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Hausladen
- Plant Technology Center, Technische Universität München, Dürnast 9, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wurzer
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Laura Brehm
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Timo D Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ralph Hücklhoven
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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13
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Baur S, Bellé N, Frank O, Wurzer S, Pieczonka SA, Fromme T, Stam R, Hausladen H, Hofmann T, Hückelhoven R, Dawid C. Steroidal Saponins─New Sources to Develop Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes Resistant against Certain Phytophthora infestans Strains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7447-7459. [PMID: 35679324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens such as Phytophthora infestans that caused the Irish Potato Famine continue to threaten local and global food security. Genetic and chemical plant protection measures are often overcome by adaptation of pathogen population structures. Therefore, there is a constant demand for new, consumer- and environment-friendly plant protection strategies. Metabolic alterations induced by P. infestans in the foliage and tubers of six different potato cultivars were investigated. Using a combination of untargeted metabolomics, isolation techniques, and structure elucidation by MS and 1D/2D-NMR experiments, five steroidal glycoalkaloids, five oxylipins, and four steroidal saponins were identified. As the steroidal saponins showed antioomycete but no hemolytic activity, they may thus be considered as probably safe target substances for enrichment in breeding programs for disease resistance and as chemical lead structures for the production of nature-derived synthetic antioomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Baur
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Nicole Bellé
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Oliver Frank
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wurzer
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Alexander Pieczonka
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Remco Stam
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Hausladen
- Plant Technology Center, Technische Universität München, Dürnast 9, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
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14
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Overview of Recent Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry-Based Methods for Natural Toxins Detection in Food Products. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050328. [PMID: 35622576 PMCID: PMC9143482 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural toxins include a wide range of toxic metabolites also occurring in food and products, thus representing a risk for consumer health. In the last few decades, several robust and sensitive analytical methods able to determine their occurrence in food have been developed. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry is the most powerful tool for the simultaneous detection of these toxins due to its advantages in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. A comprehensive review on the most relevant papers on methods based on liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for the analysis of mycotoxins, alkaloids, marine toxins, glycoalkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides and furocoumarins in food is reported herein. Specifically, a literature search from 2011 to 2021 was carried out, selecting a total of 96 papers. Different approaches to sample preparation, chromatographic separation and detection mode are discussed. Particular attention is given to the analytical performance characteristics obtained in the validation process and the relevant application to real samples.
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15
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D’Amelia V, Sarais G, Fais G, Dessì D, Giannini V, Garramone R, Carputo D, Melito S. Biochemical Characterization and Effects of Cooking Methods on Main Phytochemicals of Red and Purple Potato Tubers, a Natural Functional Food. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030384. [PMID: 35159533 PMCID: PMC8834363 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato is a staple food crop and an important source of dietary energy. Its tubers contain several essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals that contribute to the nutritional value of this important product. Recently, scientific interest has focused on purple and red potatoes that, due to the presence of anthocyanins, may be considered as natural powerful functional food. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of pigmented varieties, the types of anthocyanins accumulated and the level of both beneficial phytochemicals (vitamin C and chlorogenic acids, CGAs) and anti-nutritional compounds (glycoalkaloids) following various cooking methods. The analyses described the presence of a mix of several acylated anthocyanins in pigmented tubers along with high level of CGA. The amount of antioxidants was differently affected by heat treatments according to the type of molecule and the cooking methods used. In some cases, the beneficial compounds were made more available by heat treatments for the analytical detection as compared to raw materials. Data reported here describe both the agronomic properties of these pigmented varieties and the effects of food processing methods on bioactive molecules contained in this natural functional food. They may provide useful information for breeders aiming to develop new varieties that could include desirable agronomical and industrial processing traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo D’Amelia
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Sarais
- Food Toxicology Unit, Department of Life and Environmental Science, Campus of Monserrato, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (G.F.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giacomo Fais
- Food Toxicology Unit, Department of Life and Environmental Science, Campus of Monserrato, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (G.F.); (D.D.)
| | - Debora Dessì
- Food Toxicology Unit, Department of Life and Environmental Science, Campus of Monserrato, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (G.F.); (D.D.)
| | - Vittoria Giannini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Enrico de Nicola, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Raffaele Garramone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Domenico Carputo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Sara Melito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Enrico de Nicola, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.G.); (S.M.)
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16
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Ostreikova TO, Kalinkina OV, Bogomolov NG, Chernykh IV. Glycoalkaloids of Plants in the Family Solanaceae (Nightshade) as Potential Drugs. Pharm Chem J 2022; 56:948-957. [PMID: 36277854 PMCID: PMC9579588 DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide interest in medicinal plants and related drugs is growing because of the increased spectrum of new synthetic drugs. In this context, secondary plant metabolites are most significant. This review analyzes data on the structures and biosyntheses of metabolites such as glycoalkaloids; methods for their extraction from plants of the family Solanaceae, particularly potato S. tuberosum; their qualitative and quantitative analysis; biological activity; and toxicity. This information could be useful in the selection of methods for sample preparation and extraction of glycoalkaloids during the search for new plant sources with prospects of creating effective and safe pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. O. Ostreikova
- grid.445664.10000 0004 0562 7304I. P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 8 Vysokovol’tnaya St, Ryazan, 390026 Russia
| | - O. V. Kalinkina
- grid.445664.10000 0004 0562 7304I. P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 8 Vysokovol’tnaya St, Ryazan, 390026 Russia
| | - N. G. Bogomolov
- grid.445664.10000 0004 0562 7304I. P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 8 Vysokovol’tnaya St, Ryazan, 390026 Russia
| | - I. V. Chernykh
- grid.445664.10000 0004 0562 7304I. P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 8 Vysokovol’tnaya St, Ryazan, 390026 Russia
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17
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Selection of Autochthonous LAB Strains of Unripe Green Tomato towards the Production of Highly Nutritious Lacto-Fermented Ingredients. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122916. [PMID: 34945467 PMCID: PMC8700740 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic fermentation of unripe green tomatoes as a tool to produce food ingredients is a viable alternative for adding value to industrial tomatoes unsuitable for processing and left in large quantities in the fields. Fermentation using starter cultures isolated from the fruit (plant-matrix adapted) can have advantages over allochthonous strains in obtaining fermented products with sensory acceptability and potentially probiotic characteristics. This paper details the characterisation of the unripe green tomato lactic microbiota to screen LAB strains for use as starter cultures in fermentation processes, along with LAB strains available from INIAV's collection. Morphological, biochemical (API system), and genomic (16S rDNA gene sequencing) identification showed that the dominant LAB genera in unripe green tomato are Lactiplantibacillus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella. Among nine tested strains, autochthonous Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and allochthonous Weissella paramesenteroides showed tolerance to added solanine (200 ppm) and the best in vitro probiotic potential. The results indicate that the two LAB strains are promising candidates for manufacturing probiotic fermented foods from unripe green tomatoes.
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18
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Taglieri I, Sanmartin C, Venturi F, Macaluso M, Bianchi A, Sgherri C, Quartacci MF, De Leo M, Pistelli L, Palla F, Flamini G, Zinnai A. Bread Fortified with Cooked Purple Potato Flour and Citrus Albedo: An Evaluation of Its Compositional and Sensorial Properties. Foods 2021; 10:942. [PMID: 33923099 PMCID: PMC8146928 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to explore the feasibility of fortifying bread with cooked Vitelotte potato powder and Citrus albedo, comparing the use of baker's yeast or sourdough as leavening agents. Breads obtained were thus subjected to physico-chemical and sensory characterizations. The replacement of part of the wheat flour with purple potato and albedo determined a significant enhancement of the phenolic profile and antioxidant status of fortified breads, as well as a longer shelf life. Thanks to its acidity and antimicrobial activity, sourdough improved the levels of health-promoting compounds and stability. Both the fortification and the leavening agent deeply affected the organoleptic, expression, and the aroma profile, of the fortified bread. Interestingly, albedo addition, despite its effectiveness in boosting the phenolic profile, determined a higher perception of aftertaste and bitterness, irrespective of the leavening agent. Based on these results, the use of purple potatoes and Citrus albedo, if properly formulated, could represent a valuable strategy for the development of high-quality products, with longer shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Taglieri
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (I.T.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.Q.); (A.Z.)
| | - Chiara Sanmartin
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (I.T.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.Q.); (A.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Francesca Venturi
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (I.T.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.Q.); (A.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (G.F.)
- CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Macaluso
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (I.T.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.Q.); (A.Z.)
| | - Alessandro Bianchi
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (I.T.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.Q.); (A.Z.)
| | - Cristina Sgherri
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (I.T.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.Q.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mike Frank Quartacci
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (I.T.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.Q.); (A.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Interdepartmental Research Center, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (G.F.)
- CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Interdepartmental Research Center, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (G.F.)
- CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Palla
- INFN, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo, 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Guido Flamini
- Interdepartmental Research Center, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (G.F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Zinnai
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (I.T.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.Q.); (A.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (G.F.)
- CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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19
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Vegetables, Potatoes and Their Products as Sources of Energy and Nutrients to the Average Diet in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063217. [PMID: 33804597 PMCID: PMC8003722 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to analyse vegetables, potatoes and their products as sources of energy and nutrients in the average diet in Poland. Representative data of the 2016 Household Budget Survey from 36,886 households were used. This is the largest study sample in Poland, so we generalized the conclusions to the whole population using the statement ‘average diet’. We analysed three main product groups: vegetables, vegetable products, and potatoes and potatoes products, dividing them into 14 subgroups (e.g., tomatoes, cabbage, carrots, other vegetables, and mushrooms). The percentages of energy, protein, carbohydrates, total fat, nine vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin E), seven minerals (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, magnesium and zinc), and fibre from the analysed food subgroups are presented. Additionally, the influence of household characteristics on the supply of energy and nutrients from each subgroup of vegetables, potatoes, and their products was evaluated using cluster analysis. In the analysis, R programme and Kohonen neural networks were applied. Our study showed that vegetables, potatoes, and their products provide 7.3% of daily dietary energy supply. Vegetables contribute more than 20% of the supply of six nutrients: vitamin C (51.8%), potassium (32.5%), folate (31.0%), vitamin A (30.6%), vitamin B6 (27.8%), and magnesium (20.2%), as well as fibre (31.8%). Cluster analysis distinguished three clusters that differed in nutritional supply from vegetables, potatoes, and their products. Educational level, income measured by quintile groups, village size, socio-economic characteristics, urbanization degree, and land use were the most important factors determining differences between clusters.
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20
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Brüschweiler B, Leonards P, Rose M, Binaglia M, Horváth Z, Ramos Bordajandi L, Nielsen E. Risk assessment of chlorinated paraffins in feed and food. EFSA J 2020; 18:e05991. [PMID: 32874241 PMCID: PMC7447893 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of chlorinated paraffins in feed and food. The data for experimental animals were reviewed and the CONTAM Panel identified the liver, kidney and thyroid as the target organs for the SCCP and MCCP mixtures tested in repeated dose toxicity studies. Decreased pup survival and subcutaneous haematoma/haemorrhage were also identified as critical effects for an MCCP mixture. For the LCCP mixtures tested, the liver was identified as the target organ. The Panel selected as reference points a BMDL 10 of 2.3 mg/kg bw per day for increased incidence of nephritis in male rats, and of 36 mg/kg bw per day for increased relative kidney weights in male and female rats for SCCPs and MCCPs, respectively. For LCCPs, a reference point relevant for humans could not be identified. Due to the limitations in the toxicokinetic and toxicological database, the Panel concluded that derivation of a health-based guidance value was not appropriate. Only limited data on the occurrence of SCCPs and MCCPs in some fish species were submitted to EFSA. No data were submitted for LCCPs. Thus, a robust exposure assessment and consequently a complete risk characterisation could not be performed. A preliminary risk characterisation based only on the consumption of fish was performed, and the calculated margins of exposure suggested no health concern for this limited scenario. The Panel noted that dietary exposure will be higher due to the contribution of CPs from other foods. The Panel was not able to identify reference points for farm animals, horses and companion animals. No occurrence data for feed were submitted to EFSA. Therefore, no risk characterisation could be performed for any of these animal species.
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