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Teague WJ, Dipnall JF, Palmer CS, Beck B. Trampoline Park Injury Trends. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023061659. [PMID: 38058227 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-061659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trampolines are an important cause of childhood injury and focus of injury prevention. Understanding and prevention of trampoline park injury is constrained by inadequate exposure data to estimate the at-risk population. This study aimed to measure trampoline park injury incidence and time trends using industry data. METHODS Cross-sectional study to retrospectively analyze reported injuries and exposure in 18 trampoline parks operating in Australia and the Middle East, from 2017 to 2019. Exposure was derived from ticket sales and expressed as jumper hours. Exposure-adjusted incidence was measured using marginalized 0-inflated Poisson modeling and time trends using Joinpoint regression. RESULTS There were 13 256 injured trampoline park users reported from 8 387 178 jumper hours; 11% sustained significant injury. Overall, trampoline park injuries occurred at a rate of 1.14 injuries per 1000 jumper hours (95% confidence intervals 1.00 to 1.28), with rates highest for high-performance (2.11/1000 jumper hours, 1.66 to 2.56) and inflatable bag or foam pit (1.91/1000 jumper hours, 1.35 to 2.50) jumping. Significant injuries occurred at a rate of 0.11 injuries per 1000 jumper hours (0.10 to 0.13), with rates highest for high-performance (0.29/1000 jumper hours, 0.23 to 0.36), and parkour (0.22/1000 jumper hours, 0.15 to 0.28) jumping. Overall, injury rates decreased by 0.72%/month (-1.05 to -0.40) over the study period. CONCLUSIONS Trampoline park injuries occur in important numbers with sometimes serious consequences. However, within these safety standard-compliant parks, exposure-adjusted estimates show injuries to be uncommon and injury rates to be declining. Further reductions are required, especially severe injuries, and this study can enhance injury prevention initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warwick J Teague
- Trauma Service, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Surgical Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanna F Dipnall
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Cameron S Palmer
- Trauma Service, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ben Beck
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Husen M, Engrav SK, Saul D, Stuart MJ, Milbrandt TA, Levy BA, Krych AJ, Saris DB. Differences in Trampoline-Related Knee Injuries Between Children and Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231209666. [PMID: 37954864 PMCID: PMC10637177 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231209666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the specific risk of knee injuries due to trampoline accidents in adults compared with children. Purpose To investigate the differences in trampoline-related knee injuries between children and adults and identify risk factors and protective strategies to reduce injury incidence. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Data on 229 consecutive patients treated for trampoline-related knee injuries in a single institution were prospectively collected, analyzed, and included. Risk factors, injury patterns, and clinical treatments were compared between skeletally immature and skeletally mature patients. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratios for specific risk factors for trampoline-related injuries-including body mass index (BMI), trauma mechanism, patient age, and accident location. Results A total of 229 patients met the inclusion criteria; 118 (52%) patients (women, 54.2%; mean age, 8.5 ± 4.1 years) were skeletally immature at the time of injury, and 111 (48%) patients (women, 72%; mean age, 31.9 ± 13.1 years) had closed physes on initial presentation and were classified as skeletally mature. A total of 63 patients (28%) required surgical treatment for their knee injury. Overall, 50 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, 46 fractures, 39 meniscal tears, 31 ligamentous tears other than ACL, 22 patellar dislocations, and 38 soft tissue injuries, such as lacerations, were recorded. Skeletally mature patients had 7.8 times higher odds (95% CI, 1.6-46.8; P < .05) and 19.1 increased odds (95% CI, 5.5-74.9; P < .05) of an ACL tear or another ligamentous tear, respectively, compared with skeletally immature patients. Patients who described instability and giving way of the knee as relevant trauma mechanisms had odds of 3.11 (95% CI, 0.9-14.8; P < .05) of an ACL tear compared with other trauma mechanisms. Meniscal tears were observed more frequently in the skeletally mature cohort (P < .05). An elevated BMI was associated with a significantly higher relative risk of an ACL tear, a ligamentous tear other than the ACL, and an injury requiring surgery. A third of surgically treated patients were subject to a delayed diagnosis. Conclusion Adults had a significantly increased risk of ligamentous and meniscal tears and required operative intervention more often than skeletally immature individuals. Elevated BMI, age, and instability events in terms of trauma mechanism conveyed an increased risk of structural damage to the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Husen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samantha K. Engrav
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dominik Saul
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael J. Stuart
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Todd A. Milbrandt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruce A. Levy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron J. Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniël B.F. Saris
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Nunez C, Eslick GD, Elliott EJ. Trampoline centre injuries in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Inj Prev 2022; 28:440-445. [PMID: 35697515 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2022-044530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT No evidence-based review has compared injury risks sustained on trampolines at home and in trampoline centres. OBJECTIVE To present pooled results for injury type, site and treatment from studies reporting injuries that occurred on trampolines at home and in trampoline centres. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar and Embase databases were searched to 31 December 2021. STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria: (1) assessment of trampoline injuries (home and trampoline centres); (2) children and adolescents; (3) the point estimate was reported as an odds ratio (OR); and (4) an internal comparison was used. DATA EXTRACTION Data were reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A random-effects model was used to estimate effect. RESULTS There were 1 386 843 injuries (n=11 studies). There was an increased likelihood of musculoskeletal and/or orthopaedic injuries (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.66 to 3.61, p<0.001), lower extremity injury (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.99 to 3.97, p<0.001), sprains (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.97, p<0.001) and a need for surgery (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.60, p<0.001) at trampoline centres compared with home trampolines. Conversely, upper extremity injury (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.95, p=0.03), concussion (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.65, p<0.001) and lacerations (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.59, p<0.001) were less likely to occur at trampoline centres than at home. CONCLUSIONS Children using trampoline centres are more likely to suffer severe trauma and require surgical intervention than children using home trampolines. Development and implementation of preventative strategies, public awareness, and mandatory safety standards are urgently required for trampoline centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Nunez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia .,The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, The Sydney Children's Hospital Network (Westmead), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guy D Eslick
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, The Sydney Children's Hospital Network (Westmead), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Elliott
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, The Sydney Children's Hospital Network (Westmead), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
Aims This observational study examines the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic upon the paediatric trauma burden of a district general hospital. We aim to compare the nature and volume of the paediatric trauma during the first 2020 UK lockdown period with the same period in 2019. Methods Prospective data was collected from 23 March 2020 to 14 June 2020 and compared with retrospective data collected from 23 March 2019 to 14 June 2019. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, nature of the injury, and details of any surgery were tabulated and statistically analyzed using the independent-samples t-test for normally distributed data and the Mann-Whitney-U test for non-parametric data. Additionally, patients were contacted by telephone to further explore the mechanism of injury where required, to gain some qualitative insight into the risk factors for injury. Results The 2020 lockdown resulted in 30% fewer paediatric trauma presentations (441 vs 306), but no significant change in the number of patients requiring surgery (47 vs 51; p = 0.686). Trampolining injuries increased in absolute numbers by 168% (p < 0.001), almost four times more common when considered as percentage of all injuries observed in 2020 vs 2019. There was a decrease in high energy trauma from road traffic accidents and falls from height (21.5% decrease, p < 0.001). Despite a shift towards more conservative treatment options, trampolining injuries continued to require surgery in similar proportions (19.4 vs 20%; p = 0.708). Qualitative investigation revealed that the most common risk factor for trampolining injury was concurrent usage, especially with an older child. Conclusion COVID-19 lockdown has resulted in a decrease in paediatric orthopaedic presentations and high energy trauma. However, due to a marked increase in home trampolining injuries, and their unchanged requirement for surgery, there has been no change in the requirement for surgery during the lockdown period. As home exercise becomes more prevalent, a duty of public health falls upon clinicians to advise parents against trampoline usage. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(2):86–92.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Ibrahim
- Orthopaedic Department, Broomfield Hospital, Mid Essex Hospital NHS Trust, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Sumon Huq
- Orthopaedic Department, Broomfield Hospital, Mid Essex Hospital NHS Trust, Chelmsford, UK
| | | | - Helen Gille
- Orthopaedic Department, Broomfield Hospital, Mid Essex Hospital NHS Trust, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Pranai Buddhdev
- Orthopaedic Department, Broomfield Hospital, Mid Essex Hospital NHS Trust, Chelmsford, UK
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Gautreau SJ, Massoeurs LR, Allanach WW, Clark AE, Comstock SA, Daigle JP, Forsythe ME, LeBlond LP, Massouers SJ, Isa AD. Home versus indoor trampoline park injuries: A four-year review of hospital admissions, associated costs, and impact on patients. Trauma Case Rep 2020; 31:100385. [PMID: 33364295 PMCID: PMC7750549 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcr.2020.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospital admissions for trampoline-related injuries are a metric of injury severity. The literature shows hospital admissions are more likely to occur from trampoline park injuries rather than home trampoline injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the demographics, injury characteristics, patient experiences, and economic impact of home versus trampoline park injuries requiring admission to hospital before and after two indoor trampoline parks opened in the catchment area of a Level II trauma centre. A case series research design was used. All patients who were admitted to hospital following a trampoline injury were contacted. For those who consented, clinical data was recorded from patients' charts and electronic health records. A subset of participants consented to a telephone interview wherein patient narratives were collected on the mechanism of injury, recovery process, and impact of the injury. During the study period, 15 patients required 17 hospital admissions. Twelve consented to participate in the study. Nine of the 12 required an operative intervention. Eight of the 12 were trampoline park injuries. Anatomical location of the injuries, injury type and severity scores, hospital stay, and median age were similar. The economic impact of home trampoline and trampoline park injuries varied. Overall, there were more hospital admissions and more operative interventions for trampoline park injuries during the four-year study period. Seven participants who consented to be interviewed provided additional insights into the injury experience and long-term outcomes. This study contributes to the literature on trampoline-related injuries, focusing on hospital admissions, economic impact, and adds the important perspective of patients in evaluating the effect of these injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia J Gautreau
- The Moncton Hospital, 135 MacBeath Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 6Z8, Canada
| | - Lia R Massoeurs
- The Moncton Hospital, 135 MacBeath Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 6Z8, Canada
| | - William W Allanach
- The Moncton Hospital, 135 MacBeath Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 6Z8, Canada
| | - Andrew E Clark
- The Moncton Hospital, 135 MacBeath Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 6Z8, Canada
| | - Sean A Comstock
- The Moncton Hospital, 135 MacBeath Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 6Z8, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Daigle
- The Moncton Hospital, 135 MacBeath Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 6Z8, Canada
| | - Michael E Forsythe
- The Moncton Hospital, 135 MacBeath Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 6Z8, Canada
| | - Louis P LeBlond
- The Moncton Hospital, 135 MacBeath Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 6Z8, Canada
| | - Steven J Massouers
- The Moncton Hospital, 135 MacBeath Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 6Z8, Canada
| | - Ahaoiza D Isa
- The Moncton Hospital, 135 MacBeath Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 6Z8, Canada
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