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Evaluation of different 89Zr-labeled synthons for direct labeling and tracking of white blood cells and stem cells in healthy athymic mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15646. [PMID: 36123386 PMCID: PMC9485227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell based therapies are evolving as an effective new approach to treat various diseases. To understand the safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action of cell-based therapies, it is imperative to follow their biodistribution noninvasively. Positron-emission-tomography (PET)-based non-invasive imaging of cell trafficking offers such a potential. Herein, we evaluated and compared three different ready-to-use direct cell radiolabeling synthons, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Bn-NCS, [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-NCS, and [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-SA for PET imaging-based trafficking of white blood cells (WBCs) and stem cells (SCs) up to 7 days in athymic nude mice. We compared the degree of 89Zr complexation and percentage of cell radiolabeling efficiencies with each. All three synthons, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Bn-NCS, [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-NCS, and [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-SA, were successfully prepared, and used for radiolabeling of WBCs and SCs. The highest cell radiolabeling yield was found for [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Bn-NCS, followed by [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-NCS, and [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-SA. In terms of biodistribution, WBCs radiolabeled with [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Bn-NCS or [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-NCS, were primarily accumulated in liver and spleen, whereas SCs radiolabeled with [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Bn-NCS or [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-NCS were found in lung, liver and spleen. A high bone uptake was observed for both WBCs and SCs radiolabeled with [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-SA, suggesting in-vivo instability of [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-SA synthon. This study offers an appropriate selection of ready-to-use radiolabeling synthons for noninvasive trafficking of WBCs, SCs and other cell-based therapies.
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2
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Silva AM, Moniz T, de Castro B, Rangel M. Human transferrin: An inorganic biochemistry perspective. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Bolcaen J, Kleynhans J, Nair S, Verhoeven J, Goethals I, Sathekge M, Vandevoorde C, Ebenhan T. A perspective on the radiopharmaceutical requirements for imaging and therapy of glioblastoma. Theranostics 2021; 11:7911-7947. [PMID: 34335972 PMCID: PMC8315062 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous clinical trials and pre-clinical developments, the treatment of glioblastoma (GB) remains a challenge. The current survival rate of GB averages one year, even with an optimal standard of care. However, the future promises efficient patient-tailored treatments, including targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). Advances in radiopharmaceutical development have unlocked the possibility to assess disease at the molecular level allowing individual diagnosis. This leads to the possibility of choosing a tailored, targeted approach for therapeutic modalities. Therapeutic modalities based on radiopharmaceuticals are an exciting development with great potential to promote a personalised approach to medicine. However, an effective targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) for the treatment of GB entails caveats and requisites. This review provides an overview of existing nuclear imaging and TRT strategies for GB. A critical discussion of the optimal characteristics for new GB targeting therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals and clinical indications are provided. Considerations for target selection are discussed, i.e. specific presence of the target, expression level and pharmacological access to the target, with particular attention to blood-brain barrier crossing. An overview of the most promising radionuclides is given along with a validation of the relevant radiopharmaceuticals and theranostic agents (based on small molecules, peptides and monoclonal antibodies). Moreover, toxicity issues and safety pharmacology aspects will be presented, both in general and for the brain in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolcaen
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Janke Kleynhans
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shankari Nair
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mike Sathekge
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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4
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Phipps MD, Sanders VA, Deri MA. Current State of Targeted Radiometal-Based Constructs for the Detection and Treatment of Disease in the Brain. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1331-1347. [PMID: 34015928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The continual development of radiopharmaceutical agents for the field of nuclear medicine is integral to promoting the necessity of personalized medicine. One way to greatly expand the selection of radiopharmaceuticals available is to broaden the range of radionuclides employed in such agents. Widening the scope of development to include radiometals with their variety of physical decay characteristics and chemical properties opens up a myriad of possibilities for new actively targeted molecules and bioconjugates. This is especially true to further advance the imaging and treatment of disease in the brain. Over the past few decades, imaging of disease in the brain has heavily relied on agents which exploit metabolic uptake. However, through utilizing the broad range of physical characteristics that radiometals offer, the ability to target other processes has become more available. The varied chemistries of radiometals also allows for them to incorporated into specifically designed diverse constructs. A major limitation to efficient treatment of disease in the brain is the ability for relevant agents to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Thus, along with efficient disease targeting, there must be intentional thought put into overcoming this challenge. Here, we review the current field of radiometal-based agents aimed at either imaging or therapy of brain disease that have been evaluated through at least in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Phipps
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10468, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Vanessa A Sanders
- Collider Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Melissa A Deri
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10468, United States
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5
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Fan D, Fang Q. Siderophores for medical applications: Imaging, sensors, and therapeutics. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120306. [PMID: 33540031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Siderophores are low-molecular-weight chelators produced by microorganisms to scavenge iron from the environment and deliver it to cells via specific receptors. Tremendous researches on the molecular basis of siderophore regulation, synthesis, secretion, and uptake have inspired their diverse applications in the medical field. Replacing iron with radionuclides in siderophores, such as the most prominent Ga-68 for positron emission tomography (PET), carves out ways for targeted imaging of infectious diseases and cancers. Additionally, the high affinity of siderophores for metal ions or microorganisms makes them a potent detecting moiety in sensors that can be used for diagnosis. As for therapeutics, the notable Trojan horse-inspired siderophore-antibiotic conjugates demonstrate enhanced toxicity against multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. Besides, siderophores can tackle iron overload diseases and, when combined with moieties such as hydrogels and nanoparticles, a wide spectrum of iron-induced diseases and even cancers. In this review, we briefly outline the related mechanisms, before summarizing the siderophore-based applications in imaging, sensors, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Fan
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 101408, PR China.
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6
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Benjamín-Rivera JA, Cardona-Rivera AE, Vázquez-Maldonado ÁL, Dones-Lassalle CY, Pabón-Colon HL, Rodríguez-Rivera HM, Rodríguez I, González-Espiet JC, Pazol J, Pérez-Ríos JD, Catala-Torres JF, Carrasquillo Rivera M, De Jesus-Soto MG, Cordero-Virella NA, Cruz-Maldonado PM, González-Pagan P, Hernández-Ríos R, Gaur K, Loza-Rosas SA, Tinoco AD. Exploring Serum Transferrin Regulation of Nonferric Metal Therapeutic Function and Toxicity. INORGANICS 2020; 8:48. [PMID: 36844373 PMCID: PMC9957567 DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8090048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum transferrin (sTf) plays a pivotal role in regulating iron biodistribution and homeostasis within the body. The molecular details of sTf Fe(III) binding blood transport, and cellular delivery through transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis are generally well-understood. Emerging interest exists in exploring sTf complexation of nonferric metals as it facilitates the therapeutic potential and toxicity of several of them. This review explores recent X-ray structural and physiologically relevant metal speciation studies to understand how sTf partakes in the bioactivity of key non-redox active hard Lewis acidic metals. It challenges preconceived notions of sTf structure function correlations that were based exclusively on the Fe(III) model by revealing distinct coordination modalities that nonferric metal ions can adopt and different modes of binding to metal-free and Fe(III)-bound sTf that can directly influence how they enter into cells and, ultimately, how they may impact human health. This knowledge informs on biomedical strategies to engineer sTf as a delivery vehicle for metal-based diagnostic and therapeutic agents in the cancer field. It is the intention of this work to open new avenues for characterizing the functionality and medical utility of nonferric-bound sTf and to expand the significance of this protein in the context of bioinorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué A. Benjamín-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Andrés E. Cardona-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | | | | | - Héctor L. Pabón-Colon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | | | - Israel Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Jean C. González-Espiet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Jessika Pazol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Jobaniel D. Pérez-Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - José F. Catala-Torres
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | | | - Michael G. De Jesus-Soto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | | | - Paola M. Cruz-Maldonado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Patricia González-Pagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Raul Hernández-Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Kavita Gaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Sergio A. Loza-Rosas
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | - Arthur D. Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-939-319-9701
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7
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Analogues of desferrioxamine B (DFOB) with new properties and new functions generated using precursor-directed biosynthesis. Biometals 2019; 32:395-408. [PMID: 30701380 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Desferrioxamine B (DFOB) is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator. Although DFOB has a long clinical history for the treatment of chronic iron overload, limitations encourage the development of new analogues. This review describes a recent body of work that has used precursor-directed biosynthesis (PDB) to access new DFOB analogues. PDB exploits the native biosynthetic machinery of a producing organism in culture medium augmented with non-native substrates that compete against native substrates during metabolite assembly. The method allows access to analogues of natural products using benign methods, compared to multistep organic synthesis. The disadvantages of PDB are the production of metabolites in low yield and the need to purify complex mixtures. Streptomyces pilosus medium was supplemented with different types of non-native diamine substrates to compete against native 1,5-diaminopentane to generate DFOB analogues containing alkene bonds, fluorine atoms, ether or thioether functional groups, or a disulfide bond. All analogues retained function as Fe(III) chelators and have properties that could broaden the utility of DFOB. These PDB studies have also added knowledge to the understanding of DFOB biosynthesis.
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8
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Cornelissen B, Knight JC, Mukherjee S, Evangelista L, Xavier C, Caobelli F, Del Vecchio S, Rbah-Vidal L, Barbet J, de Jong M, van Leeuwen FWB. Translational molecular imaging in exocrine pancreatic cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45:2442-2455. [PMID: 30225616 PMCID: PMC6208802 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment for pancreatic cancer remains challenging, particularly the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which makes up more than 95% of all pancreatic cancers. Late diagnosis and failure of chemotherapy and radiotherapy are all too common, and many patients die soon after diagnosis. Here, we make the case for the increased use of molecular imaging in PDAC preclinical research and in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Cornelissen
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
| | - James C Knight
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Federico Caobelli
- Department of Radiology, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Latifa Rbah-Vidal
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Barbet
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Behr SC, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Li Y, Wang YH, Wei J, Moroz A, Lee JK, Hsiao JC, Gao KT, Ma W, Cha S, Wilson DM, Seo Y, Nelson SJ, Chang SM, Evans MJ. Targeting iron metabolism in high-grade glioma with 68Ga-citrate PET/MR. JCI Insight 2018; 3:93999. [PMID: 30385712 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive tools that target tumor cells could improve the management of glioma. Cancer generally has a high demand for Fe(III), an essential nutrient for a variety of biochemical processes. We tested whether 68Ga-citrate, an Fe(III) biomimetic that binds to apo-transferrin in blood, detects glioma in preclinical models and patients using hybrid PET/MRI. Mouse PET/CT studies showed that 68Ga-citrate accumulates in subcutaneous U87MG xenografts in a transferrin receptor-dependent fashion within 4 hours after injection. Seventeen patients with WHO grade III or IV glioma received 3.7-10.2 mCi 68Ga-citrate and were imaged with PET/MR 123-307 minutes after injection to establish that the radiotracer can localize to human tumors. Multiple contrast-enhancing lesions were PET avid, and tumor to adjacent normal white matter ratios were consistently greater than 10:1. Several contrast-enhancing lesions were not PET avid. One minimally enhancing lesion and another tumor with significantly reduced enhancement following bevacizumab therapy were PET avid. Advanced MR imaging analysis of one patient with contrast-enhancing glioblastoma showed that metabolic hallmarks of viable tumor spatially overlaid with 68Ga-citrate accumulation. These early data underscore that high-grade glioma may be detectable with a radiotracer that targets Fe(III) transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C Behr
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yung-Hua Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Junnian Wei
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anna Moroz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia Kl Lee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Hsiao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kenneth T Gao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wendy Ma
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Soonmee Cha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences
| | - Susan M Chang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Neurological Surgery, and
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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10
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Henry KE, Dacek MM, Dilling TR, Caen JD, Fox IL, Evans MJ, Lewis JS. A PET Imaging Strategy for Interrogating Target Engagement and Oncogene Status in Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:166-176. [PMID: 30228208 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most deadly cancers, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Physicians often rely on biopsy or CT to guide treatment decisions, but these techniques fail to reliably measure the actions of therapeutic agents in PDAC. KRAS mutations are present in >90% of PDAC and are connected to many signaling pathways through its oncogenic cascade, including extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and MYC. A key downstream event of MYC is transferrin receptor (TfR), which has been identified as a biomarker for cancer therapeutics and imaging. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, we aimed to test whether zirconium-89 transferrin ([89Zr]Zr-Tf) could measure changes in MYC depending on KRAS status of PDAC, and assess target engagement of anti-MYC and anti-ERK-targeted therapies. RESULTS Mice bearing iKras*p53* tumors showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) uptake of [89Zr]Zr-Tf in mice withdrawn from inducible oncogenic KRAS. A therapy study with JQ1 showed a statistically significant decrease (P < 0.05) of [89Zr]Zr-Tf uptake in drug versus vehicle-treated mice bearing Capan-2 and Suit-2 xenografts. IHC analysis of resected PDAC tumors reflects the data observed via PET imaging and radiotracer biodistribution. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that [89Zr]Zr-Tf is a valuable tool to noninvasively assess oncogene status and target engagement of small-molecule inhibitors downstream of oncogenic KRAS, allowing a quantitative assessment of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Henry
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Megan M Dacek
- Program of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Thomas R Dilling
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan D Caen
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ian L Fox
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Evans
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Program of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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11
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Cilibrizzi A, Abbate V, Chen YL, Ma Y, Zhou T, Hider RC. Hydroxypyridinone Journey into Metal Chelation. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7657-7701. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
- King’s Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Lin Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Yongmin Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R. China 311402
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China 310018
| | - Robert C. Hider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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12
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Brandt M, Cardinale J, Aulsebrook ML, Gasser G, Mindt TL. An Overview of PET Radiochemistry, Part 2: Radiometals. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1500-1506. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.190801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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13
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Marcu LG, Moghaddasi L, Bezak E. Imaging of Tumor Characteristics and Molecular Pathways With PET: Developments Over the Last Decade Toward Personalized Cancer Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 102:1165-1182. [PMID: 29907486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Improvements in personalized therapy are made possible by the advances in molecular biology that led to developments in molecular imaging, allowing highly specific in vivo imaging of biological processes. Positron emission tomography (PET) is the most specific and sensitive imaging technique for in vivo molecular targets and pathways, offering quantification and evaluation of functional properties of the targeted anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This work is an integrative research review that summarizes and evaluates the accumulated current status of knowledge of recent advances in PET imaging for cancer diagnosis and treatment, concentrating on novel radiotracers and evaluating their advantages and disadvantages in cancer characterization. Medline search was conducted, limited to English publications from 2007 onward. Identified manuscripts were evaluated for most recent developments in PET imaging of cancer hypoxia, angiogenesis, proliferation, and clonogenic cancer stem cells (CSC). RESULTS There is an expansion observed from purely metabolic-based PET imaging toward antibody-based PET to achieve more information on cancer characteristics to identify hypoxia, proangiogenic factors, CSC, and others. 64Cu-ATSM, for example, can be used both as a hypoxia and a CSC marker. CONCLUSIONS Progress in the field of functional imaging will possibly lead to more specific tumor targeting and personalized treatment, increasing tumor control and improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Gabriela Marcu
- Faculty of Science, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania; Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Leyla Moghaddasi
- GenesisCare, Tennyson Centre, Adelaide SA, Australia; Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA, Australia; Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, Australia.
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14
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Henry KE, Dilling TR, Abdel-Atti D, Edwards KJ, Evans MJ, Lewis JS. Noninvasive 89Zr-Transferrin PET Shows Improved Tumor Targeting Compared with 18F-FDG PET in MYC-Overexpressing Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:51-57. [PMID: 28848040 PMCID: PMC5750524 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.192286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current standard for breast PET imaging is 18F-FDG. The heterogeneity of 18F-FDG uptake in breast cancer limits its utility, varying greatly among receptor status, histopathologic subtypes, and proliferation markers. 18F-FDG PET often exhibits nonspecific internalization and low specificity and sensitivity, especially with tumors smaller than 1 cm3 MYC is a protein involved in oncogenesis and is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Increased surface expression of transferrin receptor (TfR) is a downstream event of MYC upregulation and has been validated as a clinically relevant target for molecular imaging. Transferrin labeled with 89Zr has successfully identified MYC status in many cancer subtypes preclinically and been shown to predict response and changes in oncogene status via treatment with small-molecule inhibitors that target MYC and PI3K signaling pathways. We hypothesized that 89Zr-transferrin PET will noninvasively detect MYC and TfR and improve upon the current standard of 18F-FDG PET for MYC-overexpressing TNBC. Methods: In this study, 89Zr-transferrin and 18F-FDG imaging were compared in preclinical models of TNBC. TNBC cells (MDA-MB-157, MDA-MB-231, and Hs578T) were treated with bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitors JQ1 and OTX015 (0.5-1 μM). Cell proliferation, gene expression, and protein expression were assayed to explore the effects of these inhibitors on MYC and TfR. Results: Head-to-head comparison showed that 89Zr-transferrin targets TNBC tumors significantly better (P < 0.05-0.001) than 18F-FDG through PET imaging and biodistribution studies in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157 xenografts and a patient-derived xenograft model of TNBC. c-Myc and TfR gene expression was decreased upon treatment with BRD4 inhibitors and c-MYC small interfering RNA (P < 0.01-0.001 for responding cell lines), compared with vehicle treatment. MYC and TfR protein expression, along with receptor-mediated internalization of transferrin, was also significantly decreased upon drug treatment in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157 cells (P < 0.01-0.001). Conclusion:89Zr-transferrin targets human TNBC primary tumors significantly better than 18F-FDG, as shown through PET imaging and biodistribution studies. 89Zr-transferrin is a useful tool to interrogate MYC via TfR-targeted PET imaging in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Henry
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Thomas R Dilling
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dalya Abdel-Atti
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kimberly J Edwards
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pharmacology and Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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15
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Terbium chelation, a specific fluorescent tagging of human transferrin. Optimization of conditions in view of its application to the HPLC analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT). Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6605-6612. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Aggarwal R, Behr SC, Paris PL, Truillet C, Parker MFL, Huynh LT, Wei J, Hann B, Youngren J, Huang J, Premasekharan G, Ranatunga N, Chang E, Gao KT, Ryan CJ, Small EJ, Evans MJ. Real-Time Transferrin-Based PET Detects MYC-Positive Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1221-1229. [PMID: 28592703 PMCID: PMC5581675 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive biomarkers that detect the activity of important oncogenic drivers could significantly improve cancer diagnosis and management of treatment. The goal of this study was to determine whether 68Ga-citrate (which avidly binds to circulating transferrin) can detect MYC-positive prostate cancer tumors, as the transferrin receptor is a direct MYC target gene. PET imaging paired with 68Ga-citrate and molecular analysis of preclinical models, human cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and clinical biopsies were conducted to determine whether 68Ga-citrate can detect MYC-positive prostate cancer. Importantly, 68Ga-citrate detected human prostate cancer models in a MYC-dependent fashion. In patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer, analysis of cfDNA revealed that all patients with 68Ga-citrate avid tumors had a gain of at least one MYC copy number. Moreover, biopsy of two PET avid metastases showed molecular or histologic features characteristic of MYC hyperactivity. These data demonstrate that 68Ga-citrate targets prostate cancer tumors with MYC hyperactivity. A larger prospective study is ongoing to demonstrate the specificity of 68Ga-citrate for tumors with hyperactive MYC.Implications: Noninvasive measurement of MYC activity with quantitative imaging modalities could substantially increase our understanding of the role of MYC signaling in clinical settings for which invasive techniques are challenging to implement or do not characterize the biology of all tumors in a patient. Moreover, measuring MYC activity noninvasively opens the opportunity to study changes in MYC signaling in patients under targeted therapeutic conditions thought to indirectly inhibit MYC. Mol Cancer Res; 15(9); 1221-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Spencer C Behr
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Pamela L Paris
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Charles Truillet
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew F L Parker
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Loc T Huynh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Junnian Wei
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Byron Hann
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jack Youngren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gayatri Premasekharan
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Nimna Ranatunga
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Emily Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kenneth T Gao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Charles J Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Eric J Small
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael J Evans
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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17
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Guérard F, Beyler M, Lee YS, Tripier R, Gestin JF, Brechbiel MW. Investigation of the complexation of natZr(iv) and 89Zr(iv) by hydroxypyridinones for the development of chelators for PET imaging applications. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:4749-4758. [PMID: 28338136 PMCID: PMC5488699 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04625h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Three hydroxypyridinone (HOPO) positional isomers - 1,2-HOPO (L1H) and its water soluble analogue (L1'H), 3,2-HOPO (L2H) and 3,4-HOPO (L3H) have been investigated for the complexation of Zr(iv). Potentiometric and UV-Vis spectrometric studies show a higher thermodynamic stability for the formation of Zr(L1')4 in comparison with Zr(L2)4 and Zr(L3)4 as well as a higher kinetic inertness in competition studies with EDTA or Fe3+ at a radiotracer concentration with 89Zr. Besides the low pKa of L1H or L1'H (pKa = 5.01) in comparison with L2H and L3H (pKa = 8.83 and 9.55, respectively), the higher stability of Zr(L1')4 can be attributed in part to the presence of the amide group next to the chelating oxygen that induces intramolecular H-bond and amide/π interactions that were observed by X-ray crystallography and confirmed by quantum chemical calculations. The data presented here indicate that the 1,2-HOPO L1' exhibits the best characteristics for Zr(iv) complexation. However, 3,2-HOPO and 3,4-HOPO patterns, if appropriately tuned, for instance with the addition of an amide group as in the 1,2-HOPO ligand, may also become interesting alternatives for the design of Zr(iv) chelators with improved characteristics for applications in nuclear imaging with 89Zr.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guérard
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France. and Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M Beyler
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Brest, France
| | - Y-S Lee
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Division of Computational Bioscience, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - R Tripier
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Brest, France
| | - J-F Gestin
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
| | - M W Brechbiel
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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18
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Richardson-Sanchez T, Tieu W, Gotsbacher MP, Telfer TJ, Codd R. Exploiting the biosynthetic machinery of Streptomyces pilosus to engineer a water-soluble zirconium(iv) chelator. Org Biomol Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01079f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combined microbiology-chemistry approach has been used to generate a water-soluble chain-extended octadentate hydroxamic acid designed as a high affinity and selective Zr(iv) ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Tieu
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology) and Bosch Institute
- The University of Sydney
- Australia
| | - Michael P. Gotsbacher
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology) and Bosch Institute
- The University of Sydney
- Australia
| | - Thomas J. Telfer
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology) and Bosch Institute
- The University of Sydney
- Australia
| | - Rachel Codd
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology) and Bosch Institute
- The University of Sydney
- Australia
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19
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Truillet C, Cunningham JT, Parker MFL, Huynh LT, Conn CS, Ruggero D, Lewis JS, Evans MJ. Noninvasive Measurement of mTORC1 Signaling with 89Zr-Transferrin. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:3045-3052. [PMID: 28007777 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: mTOR regulates many normal physiological processes and when hyperactive can drive numerous cancers and human diseases. However, it is very challenging to detect and quantify mTOR signaling noninvasively in clinically relevant animal models of disease or man. We hypothesized that a nuclear imaging tool measuring intracellular mTOR activity could address this unmet need.Experimental Design: Although the biochemical activity of mTOR is not directly amenable to nuclear imaging probe development, we show that the transferrin receptor can be used to indirectly measure intracellular changes in mTOR activity.Results: After verifying that the uptake of radiolabeled transferrin (the soluble ligand of the transferrin receptor) is stimulated by active mTORC1 in vitro, we showed that 89Zr-labeled transferrin (Tf) can measure mTORC1 signaling dynamics in normal and cancerous mouse tissues with PET. Finally, we show that 89Zr-Tf can detect the upregulation of mTORC1 by tumor cells to escape the antitumor effects of a standard-of-care antiandrogen, which is to our knowledge the first example of applying PET to interrogate the biology of treatment resistant cancer.Conclusions: In summary, we have developed the first quantitative assay to provide a comprehensive measurement of mTOR signaling dynamics in vivo, in specific normal tissues, and during tumor development in genetically engineered animal models using a nuclear imaging tool that is readily translatable to man. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3045-52. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Truillet
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John T Cunningham
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew F L Parker
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Loc T Huynh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Crystal S Conn
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Davide Ruggero
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York. .,Departments of Radiology and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. .,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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20
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Petrik M, Zhai C, Haas H, Decristoforo C. Siderophores for molecular imaging applications. Clin Transl Imaging 2016; 5:15-27. [PMID: 28138436 PMCID: PMC5269471 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-016-0211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This review covers publications on siderophores applied for molecular imaging applications, mainly for radionuclide-based imaging. Siderophores are low molecular weight chelators produced by bacteria and fungi to scavenge essential iron. Research on these molecules has a continuing history over the past 50 years. Many biomedical applications have been developed, most prominently the use of the siderophore desferrioxamine (DFO) to tackle iron overload related diseases. Recent research described the upregulation of siderophore production and transport systems during infection. Replacing iron in siderophores by radionuclides, the most prominent Ga-68 for PET, opens approaches for targeted imaging of infection; the proof of principle has been reported for fungal infections using 68Ga-triacetylfusarinine C (TAFC). Additionally, fluorescent siderophores and therapeutic conjugates have been described and may be translated to optical imaging and theranostic applications. Siderophores have also been applied as bifunctional chelators, initially DFO as chelator for Ga-67 and more recently for Zr-89 where it has become the standard chelator in Immuno-PET. Improved DFO constructs and bifunctional chelators based on cyclic siderophores have recently been developed for Ga-68 and Zr-89 and show promising properties for radiopharmaceutical development in PET. A huge potential from basic biomedical research on siderophores still awaits to be utilized for clinical and translational imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Petrik
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Chuangyan Zhai
- Universitätsklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Experimental Nuclear Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Universitätsklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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de Lucas AG, Schuhmacher AJ, Oteo M, Romero E, Cámara JA, de Martino A, Arroyo AG, Morcillo MÁ, Squatrito M, Martinez-Torrecuadrada JL, Mulero F. Targeting MT1-MMP as an ImmunoPET-Based Strategy for Imaging Gliomas. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158634. [PMID: 27462980 PMCID: PMC4962974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A critical challenge in the management of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) tumors is the accurate diagnosis and assessment of tumor progression in a noninvasive manner. We have identified Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) as an attractive biomarker for GBM imaging since this protein is actively involved in tumor growth and progression, correlates with tumor grade and is closely associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients. Here, we report the development of an immunoPET tracer for effective detection of MT1-MMP in GBM models. METHODS An anti-human MT1-MMP monoclonal antibody (mAb), LEM2/15, was conjugated to p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-desferrioxamine (DFO-NCS) for 89Zr labeling. Biodistribution and PET imaging studies were performed in xenograft mice bearing human GBM cells (U251) expressing MT1-MMP and non-expressing breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) as negative control. Two orthotopic brain GBM models, patient-derived neurospheres (TS543) and U251 cells, with different degrees of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption were also used for PET imaging experiments. RESULTS 89Zr labeling of DFO-LEM2/15 was achieved with high yield (>90%) and specific activity (78.5 MBq/mg). Biodistribution experiments indicated that 89Zr-DFO-LEM2/15 showed excellent potential as a radiotracer for detection of MT1-MMP positive GBM tumors. PET imaging also indicated a specific and prominent 89Zr-DFO-LEM2/15 uptake in MT1-MMP+ U251 GBM tumors compared to MT1-MMP- MCF-7 breast tumors. Results obtained in orthotopic brain GBM models revealed a high dependence of a disrupted BBB for tracer penetrance into tumors. 89Zr-DFO-LEM2/15 showed much higher accumulation in TS543 tumors with a highly disrupted BBB than in U251 orthotopic model in which the BBB permeability was only partially increased. Histological analysis confirmed the specificity of the immunoconjugate in all GBM models. CONCLUSION A new anti MT1-MMP-mAb tracer, 89Zr-DFO-LEM2/15, was synthesized efficiently. In vivo validation showed high-specific-contrast imaging of MT1-MMP positive GBM tumors and provided strong evidence for utility of MT1-MMP-targeted immunoPET as an alternate to nonspecific imaging of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. G. de Lucas
- Biomedical Application of Radioisotopes Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - A. J. Schuhmacher
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumour Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Oteo
- Biomedical Application of Radioisotopes Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Romero
- Biomedical Application of Radioisotopes Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - J. A. Cámara
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - A. de Martino
- Histopathology Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - A. G. Arroyo
- Matrix Metalloproteases Lab, Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid Spain
| | - M. Á. Morcillo
- Biomedical Application of Radioisotopes Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Squatrito
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumour Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (FM); (JLMT); (MS)
| | | | - F. Mulero
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (FM); (JLMT); (MS)
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22
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Gu B, Cai J, Zhang J, Xu X, Luo J, Zhou X, Zheng Y, Zhang Y. 99mTc-labeled and gadolinium-chelated transferrin enhances the sensitivity and specificity of dual-modality SPECT/MR imaging of breast cancer. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22934k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A dual-modal probe 99mTc–Tf–DTPA–Gd could provide high spatial resolution and high sensitivity images of breast tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Gu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Shanghai
- China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging
| | - Jiali Cai
- Changzheng Hospital
- Secondary Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Shanghai
- China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Shanghai
- China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging
| | - Jianming Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Shanghai
- China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging
| | - Xiaobao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Life and Environmental Science
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Shanghai
- China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Shanghai
- China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging
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23
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Maier KE, Jangra RK, Shieh KR, Cureton DK, Xiao H, Snapp EL, Whelan SP, Chandran K, Levy M. A New Transferrin Receptor Aptamer Inhibits New World Hemorrhagic Fever Mammarenavirus Entry. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e321. [DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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24
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Boros E, Bowen AM, Josephson L, Vasdev N, Holland JP. Chelate-free metal ion binding and heat-induced radiolabeling of iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2015; 6:225-236. [PMID: 28553472 PMCID: PMC5433050 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02778g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel reaction for chelate-free, heat-induced metal ion binding and radiolabeling of ultra-small paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIOs) has been established. Radiochemical and non-radioactive labeling studies demonstrated that the reaction has a wide chemical scope and is applicable to p-, d- and f-block metal ions with varying ionic sizes and formal oxidation states from 2+ to 4+. Radiolabeling studies found that 89Zr-Feraheme (89Zr-FH or 89Zr-ferumoxytol) can be isolated in 93 ± 3% radiochemical yield (RCY) and >98% radiochemical purity using size-exclusion chromatography. 89Zr-FH was found to be thermodynamically and kinetically stable in vitro using a series of ligand challenge and plasma stability tests, and in vivo using PET/CT imaging and biodistribution studies in mice. Remarkably, ICP-MS and radiochemistry experiments showed that the same reaction conditions used to produce 89Zr-FH can be employed with different radionuclides to yield 64Cu-FH (66 ± 6% RCY) and 111In-FH (91 ± 2% RCY). Electron magnetic resonance studies support a mechanism of binding involving metal ion association with the surface of the magnetite crystal core. Collectively, these data suggest that chelate-free labeling methods can be employed to facilitate clinical translation of a new class of multimodality PET/MRI radiotracers derived from metal-based nanoparticles. Further, this discovery is likely to have broader implications in drug delivery, metal separation science, ecotoxicology of nanoparticles and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Boros
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging , 149 13th Street, Suite 2301 , Charlestown , Massachusetts 02129 , USA
- Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School , 55 Fruit Street , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , USA . ; ; ; Tel: +1-617-726-6107
| | - Alice M Bowen
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ) , Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Goethe University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, Building N140/Ground Floor , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Lee Josephson
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging Sciences , Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School , 149 13th Street , Charlestown , Massachusetts 02129 , USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School , 55 Fruit Street , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , USA . ; ; ; Tel: +1-617-726-6107
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging , Massachusetts General Hospital , 55 Fruit Street, White 427 , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , USA
| | - Jason P Holland
- Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School , 55 Fruit Street , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , USA . ; ; ; Tel: +1-617-726-6107
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging , Massachusetts General Hospital , 55 Fruit Street, White 427 , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , USA
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Zeglis BM, Houghton JL, Evans MJ, Viola-Villegas N, Lewis JS. Underscoring the influence of inorganic chemistry on nuclear imaging with radiometals. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:1880-99. [PMID: 24313747 PMCID: PMC4151561 DOI: 10.1021/ic401607z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, radionuclides have matured from largely esoteric and experimental technologies to indispensible components of medical diagnostics. Driving this transition, in part, have been mutually necessary advances in biomedical engineering, nuclear medicine, and cancer biology. Somewhat unsung has been the seminal role of inorganic chemistry in fostering the development of new radiotracers. In this regard, the purpose of this Forum Article is to more visibly highlight the significant contributions of inorganic chemistry to nuclear imaging by detailing the development of five metal-based imaging agents: (64)Cu-ATSM, (68)Ga-DOTATOC, (89)Zr-transferrin, (99m)Tc-sestamibi, and (99m)Tc-colloids. In a concluding section, several unmet needs both in and out of the laboratory will be discussed to stimulate conversation between inorganic chemists and the imaging community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Zeglis
- Department of Radiology and the Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jacob L. Houghton
- Department of Radiology and the Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Michael J. Evans
- Department of Radiology and the Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Nerissa Viola-Villegas
- Department of Radiology and the Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Department of Radiology and the Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
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Holland JP, Vasdev N. Charting the mechanism and reactivity of zirconium oxalate with hydroxamate ligands using density functional theory: implications in new chelate design. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:9872-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00733f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT studies on Zr-oxalate reactivity with hydroxamic acids reveals new insight into the mechanism and coordination requirements of89Zr4+ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Holland
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Department of Radiology
- Harvard Medical School
- Boston, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Department of Radiology
- Harvard Medical School
- Boston, USA
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Abe K, Zhao L, Periasamy A, Intes X, Barroso M. Non-invasive in vivo imaging of near infrared-labeled transferrin in breast cancer cells and tumors using fluorescence lifetime FRET. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80269. [PMID: 24278268 PMCID: PMC3836976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The conjugation of anti-cancer drugs to endogenous ligands has proven to be an effective strategy to enhance their pharmacological selectivity and delivery towards neoplasic tissues. Since cell proliferation has a strong requirement for iron, cancer cells express high levels of transferrin receptors (TfnR), making its ligand, transferrin (Tfn), of great interest as a delivery agent for therapeutics. However, a critical gap exists in the ability to non-invasively determine whether drugs conjugated to Tfn are internalized into target cells in vivo. Due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, it remains unknown whether these Tfn-conjugated drugs are specifically internalized into cancer cells or are localized non-specifically as a result of a generalized accumulation of macromolecules near tumors. By exploiting the dimeric nature of the TfnR that binds two molecules of Tfn in close proximity, we utilized a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based technique that can discriminate bound and internalized Tfn from free, soluble Tfn. In order to non-invasively visualize intracellular amounts of Tfn in tumors through live animal tissues, we developed a novel near infrared (NIR) fluorescence lifetime FRET imaging technique that uses an active wide-field time gated illumination platform. In summary, we report that the NIR fluorescence lifetime FRET technique is capable of non-invasively detecting bound and internalized forms of Tfn in cancer cells and tumors within a live small animal model, and that our results are quantitatively consistent when compared to well-established intensity-based FRET microscopy methods used in in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Abe
- Albany Medical College, The Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jonsson Engineering Center Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Ammasi Periasamy
- W. M. Keck Center for Cellular Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Xavier Intes
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jonsson Engineering Center Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Margarida Barroso
- Albany Medical College, The Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fischer G, Seibold U, Schirrmacher R, Wängler B, Wängler C. (89)Zr, a radiometal nuclide with high potential for molecular imaging with PET: chemistry, applications and remaining challenges. Molecules 2013; 18:6469-90. [PMID: 23736785 PMCID: PMC6269898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging-and especially Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-is of increasing importance for the diagnosis of various diseases and thus is experiencing increasing dissemination. Consequently, there is a growing demand for appropriate PET tracers which allow for a specific accumulation in the target structure as well as its visualization and exhibit decay characteristics matching their in vivo pharmacokinetics. To meet this demand, the development of new targeting vectors as well as the use of uncommon radionuclides becomes increasingly important. Uncommon nuclides in this regard enable the utilization of various selectively accumulating bioactive molecules such as peptides, antibodies, their fragments, other proteins and artificial structures for PET imaging in personalized medicine. Among these radionuclides, 89Zr (t1/2 = 3.27 days and mean Eβ+ = 0.389 MeV) has attracted increasing attention within the last years due to its favorably long half-life, which enables imaging at late time-points, being especially favorable in case of slowly-accumulating targeting vectors. This review outlines the recent developments in the field of 89Zr-labeled bioactive molecules, their potential and application in PET imaging and beyond, as well as remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Fischer
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany; E-Mails: (G.F.); (W.S.)
- University Hospital Munich, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Uwe Seibold
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany; E-Mails: (G.F.); (W.S.)
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany; E-Mails: (G.F.); (W.S.)
- University Hospital Munich, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich 81377, Germany
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-621-383-3761; Fax: +49-621-383-1910
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