1
|
Guo M, Bakhoda A, Gao ZG, Ramsey JM, Li Y, O’Conor KA, Kelleher AC, Eisenberg SM, Kang Y, Yan X, Javdan C, Fowler JS, Rice KC, Hooker JM, Jacobson KA, Kim SW, Volkow ND. Discovery of Highly Potent Adenosine A 1 Receptor Agonists: Targeting Positron Emission Tomography Probes. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3410-3417. [PMID: 34469110 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptor (AR) radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) have provided knowledge on the in vivo biodistribution of ARs in the central nervous system (CNS), which is of therapeutic interest for various neuropsychiatric disorders. Additionally, radioligands that can image changes in endogenous adenosine levels in different physiological and pathological conditions are still lacking. The binding of known antagonist adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) radiotracer, [11C]MDPX, failed to be inhibited by elevated endogenous adenosine in a rodent PET study. Since most of the known AR PET radiotracers were antagonists, we propose that an A1R agonist radioligand may possess higher sensitivity to measure changes in endogenous adenosine concentration. Herein, we report our latest findings toward the development of a full agonist adenosine A1 radioligand for PET. Based on a 3,5-dicyanopyridine template, 16 new derivatives were designed and synthesized to optimize both binding affinity and functional activity, resulting in two full agonists (compounds 27 and 29) with single-digit nanomolar affinities and good subtype selectivity (A1/A2A selectivity of ∼1000-fold for compound 27 and 29-fold for compound 29). Rapid O-[11C]methylation provided [11C]27 and [11C]29 in high radiochemical yields and radiochemical purity. However, subsequent brain PET imaging in rodents showed poor brain permeability for both radioligands. An in vivo PET study using knockout mice for MDR 1a/a, BCRP, and MRP1 indicated that these compounds might be substrates for brain efflux pumps. In addition, in silico evaluation using multiparameter optimization identified high molecular weight and high polar surface area as the main molecular descriptors responsible for low brain penetration. These results will provide further insight toward development of full agonist adenosine A1 radioligands and also highly potent CNS A1AR drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Guo
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1013, United States
| | - Abolghasem Bakhoda
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1013, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Joseph M. Ramsey
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1013, United States
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1013, United States
| | - Kelly A. O’Conor
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1013, United States
| | - Andrew C. Kelleher
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1013, United States
| | - Seth M. Eisenberg
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1013, United States
| | - Yeona Kang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1013, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059, United States
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Cameron Javdan
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1013, United States
| | - Joanna S. Fowler
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1013, United States
| | - Kenner C. Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Jacob M. Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1013, United States
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1013, United States
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1013, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zarrinmayeh H, Territo PR. Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications. Mol Imaging 2021; 19:1536012120927609. [PMID: 32539522 PMCID: PMC7297484 DOI: 10.1177/1536012120927609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors play important roles in central nervous system (CNS). These receptors are involved in cellular neuroinflammatory responses that regulate functions of neurons, microglial and astrocytes. Based on their endogenous ligands, purinergic receptors are classified into P1 or adenosine, P2X and P2Y receptors. During brain injury or under pathological conditions, rapid diffusion of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or uridine triphosphate (UTP) from the damaged cells, promote microglial activation that result in the changes in expression of several of these receptors in the brain. Imaging of the purinergic receptors with selective Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radioligands has advanced our understanding of the functional roles of some of these receptors in healthy and diseased brains. In this review, we have accumulated a list of currently available PET radioligands of the purinergic receptors that are used to elucidate the receptor functions and participations in CNS disorders. We have also reviewed receptors lacking radiotracer, laying the foundation for future discoveries of novel PET radioligands to reveal these receptors roles in CNS disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Zarrinmayeh
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paul R Territo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khodaii J, Araj-Khodaei M, Vafaee MS, Wong DF, Gjedde A. Relative strengths of three linearizations of receptor availability: Saturation, Inhibition, and Occupancy plots. J Nucl Med 2021; 63:294-301. [PMID: 34088774 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.204453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We derived three widely used linearizations from the definition of receptor availability in molecular imaging with Positron Emission Tomography. The purpose of the present research was to determine the convergence of the results of the three methods in terms of three parameters, occupancy (s), distribution volume of the non-displaceable binding compartment (VND), and binding potential of the radioligand (BPND), in the absence of a gold standard. We tested 104 cases culled from the literature and calculated the goodness of fit of each of the Least Squares (LSM) and Deming II (DM) methods of linear regression when applied to the determination of the three main parameters, s, VND, and BPND, using the goodness of fit parameters R2, coefficient of variation (RMSE), and ‖X‖_∞ with both regression methods. We observed superior convergence among the values of s, VND, and BPND for the Inhibition and Occupancy plots. The Inhibition Plot emerged as the plot with a slightly higher degree of convergence (based on R2, RMSE and ‖X‖_∞ value). With two regression methods, Least Squares (LSM) and Deming II (DM), the estimated values of s, VND, and BPND generally converged. The Inhibition and Occupancy plots yielded the best fits to the data, according to the goodness of fit parameters, due primarily to the absent commingling of the dependent and independent variables tested with the Saturation (original Lassen) plot. In the presence of noise, the Inhibition and Occupancy plots yielded higher convergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Khodaii
- Amirkabir university of technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran, Islamic Republic of
| | - Mostafa Araj-Khodaei
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences ,Tabriz, Iran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
| | - Manouchehr S Vafaee
- Center of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Denmark
| | - Dean F Wong
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical, United States
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Center of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Takamura Y, Kakuta H. In Vivo Receptor Visualization and Evaluation of Receptor Occupancy with Positron Emission Tomography. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5226-5251. [PMID: 33905258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is useful for noninvasive in vivo visualization of disease-related receptors, for evaluation of receptor occupancy to determine an appropriate drug dosage, and for proof-of-concept of drug candidates in translational research. For these purposes, the specificity of the PET tracer for the target receptor is critical. Here, we review work in this area, focusing on the chemical structures of reported PET tracers, their Ki/Kd values, and the physical properties relevant to target receptor selectivity. Among these physical properties, such as cLogP, cLogD, molecular weight, topological polar surface area, number of hydrogen bond donors, and pKa, we focus especially on LogD and LogP as important physical properties that can be easily compared across a range of studies. We discuss the success of PET tracers in evaluating receptor occupancy and consider likely future developments in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takamura
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakuta
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Goud NS, Bhattacharya A, Joshi RK, Nagaraj C, Bharath RD, Kumar P. Carbon-11: Radiochemistry and Target-Based PET Molecular Imaging Applications in Oncology, Cardiology, and Neurology. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1223-1259. [PMID: 33499603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging technique has gained its universal value as a remarkable tool for medical diagnosis and biomedical research. Carbon-11 is one of the promising radiotracers that can report target-specific information related to its pharmacology and physiology to understand the disease status. Currently, many of the available carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) PET radiotracers are heterocyclic derivatives that have been synthesized using carbon-11 inserted different functional groups obtained from primary and secondary carbon-11 precursors. A spectrum of carbon-11 PET radiotracers has been developed against many of the upregulated and emerging targets for the diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and therapy in the fields of oncology, cardiology, and neurology. This review focuses on the carbon-11 radiochemistry and various target-specific PET molecular imaging agents used in tumor, heart, brain, and neuroinflammatory disease imaging along with its associated pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nerella Sridhar Goud
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Ahana Bhattacharya
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Raman Kumar Joshi
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Chandana Nagaraj
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chemical Probes for the Adenosine Receptors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040168. [PMID: 31726680 PMCID: PMC6958474 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the adenosine receptors has been supported by the continuous discovery of new chemical probes characterized by more and more affinity and selectivity for the single adenosine receptor subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B and A3 adenosine receptors). Furthermore, the development of new techniques for the detection of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) requires new specific probes. In fact, if in the past radioligands were the most important GPCR probes for detection, compound screening and diagnostic purposes, nowadays, increasing importance is given to fluorescent and covalent ligands. In fact, advances in techniques such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescent polarization, as well as new applications in flow cytometry and different fluorescence-based microscopic techniques, are at the origin of the extensive research of new fluorescent ligands for these receptors. The resurgence of covalent ligands is due in part to a change in the common thinking in the medicinal chemistry community that a covalent drug is necessarily more toxic than a reversible one, and in part to the useful application of covalent ligands in GPCR structural biology. In this review, an updated collection of available chemical probes targeting adenosine receptors is reported.
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo M, Gao ZG, Tyler R, Stodden T, Li Y, Ramsey J, Zhao WJ, Wang GJ, Wiers CE, Fowler JS, Rice KC, Jacobson KA, Kim SW, Volkow ND. Preclinical Evaluation of the First Adenosine A 1 Receptor Partial Agonist Radioligand for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9966-9975. [PMID: 30359014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Central adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) is implicated in pain, sleep, substance use disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, and is an important target for pharmaceutical development. Radiotracers for A1R positron emission tomography (PET) would enable measurement of the dynamic interaction of endogenous adenosine and A1R during the sleep-awake cycle. Although several human A1R PET tracers have been developed, most are xanthine-based antagonists that failed to demonstrate competitive binding against endogenous adenosine. Herein, we explored non-nucleoside (3,5-dicyanopyridine and 5-cyanopyrimidine) templates for developing an agonist A1R PET radiotracer. We synthesized novel analogues, including 2-amino-4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-(2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile (MMPD, 22b), a partial A1R agonist of sub-nanomolar affinity. [11C]22b showed suitable blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and test-retest reproducibility. Regional brain uptake of [11C]22b was consistent with known brain A1R distribution and was blocked significantly by A1R but not A2AR ligands. [11C]22b is the first BBB-permeable A1R partial agonist PET radiotracer with the promise of detecting endogenous adenosine fluctuations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Guo
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , United States
| | - Ryan Tyler
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Tyler Stodden
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Joseph Ramsey
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Wen-Jing Zhao
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Joanna S Fowler
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section , National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Rockville , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , United States
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States.,National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kerkhofs A, Xavier AC, da Silva BS, Canas PM, Idema S, Baayen JC, Ferreira SG, Cunha RA, Mansvelder HD. Caffeine Controls Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission and Pyramidal Neuron Excitability in Human Neocortex. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:899. [PMID: 29354052 PMCID: PMC5758559 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive drug, bolstering attention and normalizing mood and cognition, all functions involving cerebral cortical circuits. Whereas studies in rodents showed that caffeine acts through the antagonism of inhibitory A1 adenosine receptors (A1R), neither the role of A1R nor the impact of caffeine on human cortical neurons is known. We here provide the first characterization of the impact of realistic concentrations of caffeine experienced by moderate coffee drinkers (50 μM) on excitability of pyramidal neurons and excitatory synaptic transmission in the human temporal cortex. Moderate concentrations of caffeine disinhibited several of the inhibitory A1R-mediated effects of adenosine, similar to previous observations in the rodent brain. Thus, caffeine restored the adenosine-induced decrease of both intrinsic membrane excitability and excitatory synaptic transmission in the human pyramidal neurons through antagonism of post-synaptic A1R. Indeed, the A1R-mediated effects of endogenous adenosine were more efficient to inhibit synaptic transmission than neuronal excitability. This was associated with a distinct affinity of caffeine for synaptic versus extra-synaptic human cortical A1R, probably resulting from a different molecular organization of A1R in human cortical synapses. These findings constitute the first neurophysiological description of the impact of caffeine on pyramidal neuron excitability and excitatory synaptic transmission in the human temporal cortex, providing adequate ground for the effects of caffeine on cognition in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Kerkhofs
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Xavier
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz S da Silva
- Portuguese National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M Canas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sander Idema
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johannes C Baayen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Samira G Ferreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sijbesma JWA, Zhou X, Vállez García D, Houwertjes MC, Doorduin J, Kwizera C, Maas B, Meerlo P, Dierckx RA, Slart RHJA, Elsinga PH, van Waarde A. Novel Approach to Repeated Arterial Blood Sampling in Small Animal PET: Application in a Test-Retest Study with the Adenosine A1 Receptor Ligand [(11)C]MPDX. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:715-23. [PMID: 27091332 PMCID: PMC5010612 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Small animal positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to detect small changes in neuroreceptor availability. This often requires rapid arterial blood sampling. However, current catheterization procedures do not allow repeated blood sampling. We have developed a procedure which allows arterial sampling on repeated occasions in the same animal. PROCEDURES Eleven male Wistar rats were two times catheterized via a superficial branch of a femoral artery and scanned with [(11)C]MPDX and blood sampling. PET images were co-registered to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) template. Regional tracer distribution volumes (V T) in the brain were calculated by the Logan analysis. The procedure was repeated after 1 week. RESULTS Surgery was successful in 90 % of the cases, and discomfort was minor. The V T data showed small differences between test and retest, low between subject variability, and a strong agreement between and within subjects. CONCLUSION Repeated quantitative imaging with a high reproducibility is possible with this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen W A Sijbesma
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Vállez García
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin C Houwertjes
- Experimental Anesthesiology and Clinical Pharmacology Research Group, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janine Doorduin
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Kwizera
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Maas
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Meerlo
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A Dierckx
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Riemer H J A Slart
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Janssen B, Vugts DJ, Funke U, Molenaar GT, Kruijer PS, van Berckel BNM, Lammertsma AA, Windhorst AD. Imaging of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and stroke: Recent developments in positron emission tomography. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:425-41. [PMID: 26643549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is thought to play a pivotal role in many diseases affecting the brain, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and stroke. Neuroinflammation is characterised predominantly by microglial activation, which can be visualised using positron emission tomography (PET). Traditionally, translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO) is the target for imaging of neuroinflammation using PET. In this review, recent preclinical and clinical research using PET in Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and stroke is summarised. In addition, new molecular targets for imaging of neuroinflammation, such as monoamine oxidases, adenosine receptors and cannabinoid receptor type 2, are discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuro Inflammation edited by Helga E. de Vries and Markus Schwaninger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bieneke Janssen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Uta Funke
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; BV Cyclotron VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ger T Molenaar
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; BV Cyclotron VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Paul S, Khanapur S, Elsinga PH, Ishiwata K, Meerlo P, Dierckx R, van Waarde A. PET Imaging of Adenosine A1 Receptor Occupancy. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1918. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.147736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|