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Lawson BC, Marques-Piubelli ML, Westin SN, Malpica A. Folate Receptor Immunohistochemical Staining and Gynecologic Tumors: Initial Experience With 216 Cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2024:00004347-990000000-00173. [PMID: 38914019 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Folate receptor alpha has been shown to have possible mechanisms of tumorigenesis in malignancies, becoming a potential target for therapy. Mirvetuximab soravtansine is an antifolate receptor alpha monoclonal antibody, with an approved FOLR1-2.1 immunohistochemical biomarker. After IRB approval, a retrospective review of gynecologic pathology cases was performed to identify cases in which FOLR1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed at our institution over a period of 9 months as part of clinical care for therapy eligibility. Clinical data collected included patients' age, tumor histotype, tumor grade, primary tumor site, FIGO stage, dates of recurrence/progression, and use of mirvetuximab therapy. FOLR1 IHC data were recorded, including the date specimen obtained, date IHC was performed, site tested, case type, percentage tumor staining, and intensity. Cases were deemed positive or negative according to current recommendations (75%, 2-3+intensity). Two hundred sixteen cases were identified. Patient ages ranged from 25 to 83 years old (median: 59 yr). Staining intensity was reported as 0 in 15 (6.9%) cases, weak (1+) in 8 (3.7%), moderate (2+) in 27 (12.5%), strong (3+) in 27 (12.5%), weak-to-moderate (1-2+) in 15 (6.9%), and moderate-to-strong (2-3+) in 99 (45.8%); intensity was not provided in 25 (11.6%). Percentage of tumor staining ranged from 0 to 100, with a median of 60. The IHC was overall deemed positive in 98 (45.4%) cases and negative in 118 (54.6%). By histotype, 5 of 17 (29.4%) low-grade serous carcinomas, 88 of 162 (54.3%) high-grade serous carcinomas, 3 of 5 (60%) of carcinosarcomas, and 2 of 6 (33.3%) of mixed carcinomas were positive. No case of clear cell CA, endometrioid CA, Mullerian CA NOS, serous borderline, mucinous CA, or granulosa cell tumor was positive. The primary site of disease was tubo-ovarian in 192 (88.9%) cases, peritoneal in 8 (3.7%) cases, uterine in 3 (1.4%) cases, and unknown in 13 (6%) cases. By site on which immunohistochemical stain was performed: primary site positive in 53 of 96 (55.2%) cases, metastatic site at time of diagnosis/debulking positive in 23 of 41 (52.1%) cases, and metastatic/recurrent cases positive in 22 of 79 (27.8%) cases. There was a statistically significant correlation when comparing the positivity rates between these sites (P = 0.0004). Survival data were examined with high-grade serous carcinoma, with no statistically significant difference between positive and negative cases in overall survival (P = 0.622) or progression-free survival (P = 0.711). Biopsy specimens were positive in 17 (25%) cases, while negative in 51 (75%), whereas resection specimens were positive in 81 (54.7%) and negative in 67 (45.3%), a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001). Cases that were <19 months old had 38 (36.2%) positive and 67 (63.8%) negative, compared with cases ≥19 months old that had 60 (54.1%) positive and 51 (45.9%) negative, a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0084). Significant differences in FOLR1 staining were noted between histotypes, age of the specimen, type of case tested, and site of disease tested. Further testing is needed to help determine the best tissue to be utilized for this new biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett C Lawson
- Departments of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Mario L Marques-Piubelli
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Shannon N Westin
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Anais Malpica
- Departments of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas
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2
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Cai ZM, Li ZZ, Zhong NN, Cao LM, Xiao Y, Li JQ, Huo FY, Liu B, Xu C, Zhao Y, Rao L, Bu LL. Revolutionizing lymph node metastasis imaging: the role of drug delivery systems and future perspectives. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:135. [PMID: 38553735 PMCID: PMC10979629 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The deployment of imaging examinations has evolved into a robust approach for the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (LNM). The advancement of technology, coupled with the introduction of innovative imaging drugs, has led to the incorporation of an increasingly diverse array of imaging techniques into clinical practice. Nonetheless, conventional methods of administering imaging agents persist in presenting certain drawbacks and side effects. The employment of controlled drug delivery systems (DDSs) as a conduit for transporting imaging agents offers a promising solution to ameliorate these limitations intrinsic to metastatic lymph node (LN) imaging, thereby augmenting diagnostic precision. Within the scope of this review, we elucidate the historical context of LN imaging and encapsulate the frequently employed DDSs in conjunction with a variety of imaging techniques, specifically for metastatic LN imaging. Moreover, we engage in a discourse on the conceptualization and practical application of fusing diagnosis and treatment by employing DDSs. Finally, we venture into prospective applications of DDSs in the realm of LNM imaging and share our perspective on the potential trajectory of DDS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Min Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zi-Zhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Nian-Nian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lei-Ming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fang-Yi Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4066, Australia
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
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3
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Huang W, Pang Y, Liu Q, Liang C, An S, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Huang G, Chen H, Liu J, Wei W. Development and Characterization of Novel FAP-Targeted Theranostic Pairs: A Bench-to-Bedside Study. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0282. [PMID: 38706713 PMCID: PMC11066877 DOI: 10.34133/research.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is among the most popular targets in nuclear medicine imaging and cancer theranostics. Several small-molecule moieties (FAPI-04, FAPI-46, etc.) are used for developing FAP-targeted theranostic agents. Nonetheless, the circulation time of FAP inhibitors is relatively short, resulting in rapid clearance via kidneys, low tumor uptake, and associated unsatisfactory treatment efficacy. To address the existing drawbacks, we engineered 3 peptides named FD1, FD2, and FD3 with different circulation times through solid-phase peptide synthesis. All the 3 reported peptides bind to human and murine FAP with single-digit nanomolar affinity measured by surface plasmon resonance. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the agents labeled with 68Ga and 177Lu was assessed in several tumor models exhibiting different levels of FAP expression. While radiolabeled FD1 was rapidly excreted from kidneys, radiolabeled FD2/FD3 have significantly prolonged circulation, increased tumor uptake, and decreased kidney accumulation. Our findings indicated that [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FD1 positron emission tomography (PET) effectively detected FAP dynamics, whereas [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-FD2 and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-FD3 exhibited remarkable therapeutic efficacy in FAP-overexpressing tumor models, including pancreatic cancer cell models characterized by abundant stroma. Moreover, a pilot translational investigation demonstrated that [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FD1 had the capability to identify both primary and metastatic tumors with precision and distinction. In summary, we developed [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FD1 for same-day PET imaging of FAP dynamics and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-FD2 and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-FD3 for effective radioligand therapy of FAP-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yizhen Pang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine,
Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Qiufang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenyi Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shuxian An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qianyun Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - You Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Haojun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine,
Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Weijun Wei
- Address correspondence to: (H.C.); (J.L.); (W.W.)
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Varaganti P, Buddolla V, Lakshmi BA, Kim YJ. Recent advances in using folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) for cancer diagnosis and treatment, with an emphasis on cancers that affect women. Life Sci 2023:121802. [PMID: 37244363 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein called the folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) facilitates the transportation of folate by mediating receptor-mediated endocytosis in response to ligand binding. While FOLR1 expression is typically restricted to the apical surfaces of the epithelium in the lung, kidney, and choroid plexus in healthy people, it is overexpressed in a number of solid tumours, including high-grade osteosarcoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. As a result, FOLR1 has become an attractive target for cancer detection and therapy, particularly for cancers that affect women. A number of methods have been developed to target FOLR1 in cancer therapy, including the development of FOLR1-targeted imaging agents for cancer diagnosis and the use of folate conjugates to deliver cytotoxic agents to cancer cells that overexpress FOLR1. Therefore, we focus on the most recent developments in employing FOLR1 for cancer diagnosis and treatment in this review, particularly with regard to cancers that affect women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavitra Varaganti
- Dr. Buddolla's Institute of Life Sciences, Tirupati 517506, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Viswanath Buddolla
- Dr. Buddolla's Institute of Life Sciences, Tirupati 517506, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Buddolla Anantha Lakshmi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Qin Z, Yu G, Li R, Zhao J. Preparation of Triptolide Nano Drug Delivery System and Its Antitumor Activity In-Vitro. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Triptolide (as an effective antitumor drug) is limited in clinical application because of its poor solubility and absorption in-vivo. Herein, we prepared folic acid modified polymer micelles to encapsulate triptolide and enhance its biologicalavailability coupled with antitumor
effect. We prepared nano-micelles of triptolide through thin lipid film hydrational method. Physical properties and in vitro release characterization of Fol-Plla-cl-Peg-Plla-cl-Tmicelles were evaluated, while bioavailability of the formulation in rats was investigated. Tumor targeting
potential of micelles was determined by observing the uptake of A549 cells. In-Vitro antitumor activity of micelles and free triptolide (API) was investigated with MTT assay. The prepared polymer material exhibited no cytotoxicity. The particle size distribution of Fol-Plla-cl-Peg-Plla-cl-T
micelles was uniform and small, with good stability and high efficiency of entrapment. Triptolide In-Vitro release from micelles demonstrated slow and continuous released for 24 h. Compared with API, the half-life of micelles was prolonged, whilst its bioavailability in-vivo
was increased by about 6.35 times. More importantly, Fol-Plla-cl-Peg-Plla-cl-T micelles significantly improved the antitumor activity of triptolide and showed good tumor targeting potential. Fol-Plla-cl-Peg-Plla-cl-T micelles could improve the bioavailability and antitumor activity of triptolide,
amid demonstration of good tumor targeting and high safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhongHua Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - GuiPing Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangyin People’s Hospital, Jiangyin, 214499, China
| | - Ran Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215006, China
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6
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Martín-Sabroso C, Torres-Suárez AI, Alonso-González M, Fernández-Carballido A, Fraguas-Sánchez AI. Active Targeted Nanoformulations via Folate Receptors: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:14. [PMID: 35056911 PMCID: PMC8781617 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In normal tissues, the expression of folate receptors is low and limited to cells that are important for embryonic development or for folate reabsorption. However, in several pathological conditions some cells, such as cancer cells and activated macrophages, overexpress folate receptors (FRs). This overexpression makes them a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases to obtain a selective delivery of drugs at altered cells level, and thus to improve the therapeutic efficacy and decrease the systemic toxicity of the pharmacological treatments. Two strategies have been used to achieve this folate receptor targeting: (i) the use of ligands with high affinity to FRs (e.g., folic acid or anti-FRs monoclonal antibodies) linked to the therapeutic agents or (ii) the use of nanocarriers whose surface is decorated with these ligands and in which the drug is encapsulated. This manuscript analyzes the use of FRs as a target to develop new therapeutic tools in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases with an emphasis on the nanoformulations that have been developed for both therapeutic and imaging purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martín-Sabroso
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (A.I.T.-S.); (M.A.-G.); (A.F.-C.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Torres-Suárez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (A.I.T.-S.); (M.A.-G.); (A.F.-C.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Alonso-González
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (A.I.T.-S.); (M.A.-G.); (A.F.-C.)
| | - Ana Fernández-Carballido
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (A.I.T.-S.); (M.A.-G.); (A.F.-C.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Fraguas-Sánchez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (A.I.T.-S.); (M.A.-G.); (A.F.-C.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Wang Z, Meng F, Zhong Z. Emerging targeted drug delivery strategies toward ovarian cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113969. [PMID: 34509574 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a high-mortality malignancy in women. The contemporary clinical chemotherapy with classic cytotoxic drugs, targeted molecular inhibitors would mostly fail when ovarian cancer cells become drug-resistant or metastasize through the body or when patients bare no more toleration because of strong adverse effects. The past decade has spotted varying targeted delivery systems including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), peptide/folate/aptamer-drug conjugates, polymer-drug conjugates, ligand-functionalized nanomedicines, and dual-targeted nanomedicines that upgrade ovarian cancer chemo- and molecular therapy effectively in preclinical/clinical settings via endowing therapeutic agents selectivity and bypassing drug resistance as well as lessening systemic toxicity. The targeted delivery approaches further provide means to potentiate emergent treatment modalities such as molecular therapy, gene therapy, protein therapy, photodynamic therapy, dual-targeting therapy and combination therapy for ovarian cancer. This review highlights up-to-date development of targeted drug delivery strategies toward advanced, metastatic, relapsed, and drug resistant ovarian cancers.
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Moore K, Oza A, Colombo N, Oaknin A, Scambia G, Lorusso D, Konecny G, Banerjee S, Murphy C, Tanyi J, Hirte H, Konner J, Lim P, Prasad-Hayes M, Monk B, Pautier P, Wang J, Berkenblit A, Vergote I, Birrer M. Phase III, randomized trial of mirvetuximab soravtansine versus chemotherapy in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: primary analysis of FORWARD I. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:757-765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Patel TK, Adhikari N, Amin SA, Biswas S, Jha T, Ghosh B. Small molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs): an emerging strategy for anticancer drug design and discovery. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04134c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of how SMDCs work. Small molecule drugs are conjugated with the targeted ligand using pH sensitive linkers which allow the drug molecule to get released at lower lysosomal pH. It helps to accumulate the chemotherapeutic agents to be localized in the tumor environment upon cleaving of the pH-labile bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar Patel
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy
- BITS-Pilani
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Nilanjan Adhikari
- Natural Science Laboratory
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
| | - Sk. Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
| | - Swati Biswas
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy
- BITS-Pilani
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy
- BITS-Pilani
- Hyderabad
- India
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10
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Zielgerichtete Wirkstoffe für die Krebstherapie: Aktuelle Entwicklungen und Perspektiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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11
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Chen W, Sun Z, Lu L. Targeted Engineering of Medicinal Chemistry for Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:5626-5643. [PMID: 32096328 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe side effects and poor therapeutic efficacy are the main drawbacks of current anticancer drugs. These problems can be mitigated by targeting, but the targeting efficacy of current drugs is poor and urgently needs improvement. Taking this into consideration, this Review first summarizes the current targeting strategies for cancer therapy in terms of cancer tissue and organelles. Then, we analyse the systematic targeting of anticancer drugs and conclude that a typical journey for a targeted drug administered by intravenous injection is a CTIO cascade of at least four steps. Furthermore, to ensure high overall targeting efficacy, the properties of a targeting drug needed in each step are further analysed, and some guidelines for structure optimization to obtain effective targeting drugs are offered. Finally, some viewpoints highlighting the crucial problems and potential challenges of future research on targeted cancer therapy are presented. This review could actively promote the development of precision medicine against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Lehui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Changchun, 130022, China
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12
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Bendre S, Zhang Z, Kuo HT, Rousseau J, Zhang C, Merkens H, Roxin Á, Bénard F, Lin KS. Evaluation of Met-Val-Lys as a Renal Brush Border Enzyme-Cleavable Linker to Reduce Kidney Uptake of 68Ga-Labeled DOTA-Conjugated Peptides and Peptidomimetics. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173854. [PMID: 32854201 PMCID: PMC7503470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High kidney uptake is a common feature of peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals, leading to reduced detection sensitivity for lesions adjacent to kidneys and lower maximum tolerated therapeutic dose. In this study, we evaluated if the Met-Val-Lys (MVK) linker could be used to lower kidney uptake of 68Ga-labeled DOTA-conjugated peptides and peptidomimetics. A model compound, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-AmBz-MVK(Ac)-OH (AmBz: aminomethylbenzoyl), and its derivative, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-AmBz-MVK(HTK01166)-OH, coupled with the PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen)-targeting motif of the previously reported HTK01166 were synthesized and evaluated to determine if they could be recognized and cleaved by the renal brush border enzymes. Additionally, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, ex vivo biodistribution and in vivo stability studies were conducted in mice to evaluate their pharmacokinetics. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-AmBz-MVK(Ac)-OH was effectively cleaved specifically by neutral endopeptidase (NEP) of renal brush border enzymes at the Met-Val amide bond, and the radio-metabolite [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-AmBz-Met-OH was rapidly excreted via the renal pathway with minimal kidney retention. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-AmBz-MVK(HTK01166)-OH retained its PSMA-targeting capability and was also cleaved by NEP, although less effectively when compared to [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-AmBz-MVK(Ac)-OH. The kidney uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-AmBz-MVK(HTK01166)-OH was 30% less compared to that of [68Ga]Ga-HTK01166. Our data demonstrated that derivatives of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-AmBz-MVK-OH can be cleaved specifically by NEP, and therefore, MVK can be a promising cleavable linker for use to reduce kidney uptake of radiolabeled DOTA-conjugated peptides and peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Bendre
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (S.B.); (Z.Z.); (H.-T.K.); (J.R.); (C.Z.); (H.M.); (Á.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (S.B.); (Z.Z.); (H.-T.K.); (J.R.); (C.Z.); (H.M.); (Á.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Hsiou-Ting Kuo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (S.B.); (Z.Z.); (H.-T.K.); (J.R.); (C.Z.); (H.M.); (Á.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Julie Rousseau
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (S.B.); (Z.Z.); (H.-T.K.); (J.R.); (C.Z.); (H.M.); (Á.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (S.B.); (Z.Z.); (H.-T.K.); (J.R.); (C.Z.); (H.M.); (Á.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (S.B.); (Z.Z.); (H.-T.K.); (J.R.); (C.Z.); (H.M.); (Á.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Áron Roxin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (S.B.); (Z.Z.); (H.-T.K.); (J.R.); (C.Z.); (H.M.); (Á.R.); (F.B.)
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (S.B.); (Z.Z.); (H.-T.K.); (J.R.); (C.Z.); (H.M.); (Á.R.); (F.B.)
- Department of Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (S.B.); (Z.Z.); (H.-T.K.); (J.R.); (C.Z.); (H.M.); (Á.R.); (F.B.)
- Department of Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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13
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CD24-targeted fluorescence imaging in patient-derived xenograft models of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2020; 56:102782. [PMID: 32454401 PMCID: PMC7248428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival rate of patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) remains disappointing. Clinically translatable orthotopic cell line xenograft models and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) may aid the implementation of more personalised treatment approaches. Although orthotopic PDX reflecting heterogeneous molecular subtypes are considered the most relevant preclinical models, their use in therapeutic development is limited by lack of appropriate imaging modalities. METHODS We developed novel orthotopic xenograft and PDX models for HGSOC, and applied a near-infrared fluorescently labelled monoclonal antibody targeting the cell surface antigen CD24 for non-invasive molecular imaging of epithelial ovarian cancer. CD24-Alexa Fluor 680 fluorescence imaging was compared to bioluminescence imaging in three orthotopic cell line xenograft models of ovarian cancer (OV-90luc+, Skov-3luc+ and Caov-3luc+, n = 3 per model). The application of fluorescence imaging to assess treatment efficacy was performed in carboplatin-paclitaxel treated orthotopic OV-90 xenografts (n = 10), before the probe was evaluated to detect disease progression in heterogenous PDX models (n = 7). FINDINGS Application of the near-infrared probe, CD24-AF680, enabled both spatio-temporal visualisation of tumour development, and longitudinal therapy monitoring of orthotopic xenografts. Notably, CD24-AF680 facilitated imaging of multiple PDX models representing different histological subtypes of the disease. INTERPRETATION The combined implementation of CD24-AF680 and orthotopic PDX models creates a state-of-the-art preclinical platform which will impact the identification and validation of new targeted therapies, fluorescence image-guided surgery, and ultimately the outcome for HGSOC patients. FUNDING This study was supported by the H2020 program MSCA-ITN [675743], Helse Vest RHF, and Helse Bergen HF [911809, 911852, 912171, 240222, HV1269], as well as by The Norwegian Cancer Society [182735], and The Research Council of Norway through its Centers of excellence funding scheme [223250, 262652].
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14
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Abstract
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is the state-of-the-art imaging modality in nuclear medicine despite the fact that only a few new SPECT tracers have become available in the past 20 years. Critical for the future success of SPECT is the design of new and specific tracers for the detection, localization, and staging of a disease and for monitoring therapy. The utility of SPECT imaging to address oncologic questions is dependent on radiotracers that ideally exhibit excellent tissue penetration, high affinity to the tumor-associated target structure, specific uptake and retention in the malignant lesions, and rapid clearance from non-targeted tissues and organs. In general, a target-specific SPECT radiopharmaceutical can be divided into two main parts: a targeting biomolecule (e.g., peptide, antibody fragment) and a γ-radiation-emitting radionuclide (e.g., 99mTc, 123I). If radiometals are used as the radiation source, a bifunctional chelator is needed to link the radioisotope to the targeting entity. In a rational SPECT tracer design, these single components have to be critically evaluated in order to achieve a balance among the demands for adequate target binding, and a rapid clearance of the radiotracer. The focus of this chapter is to depict recent developments of tumor-targeted SPECT radiotracers for imaging of cancer diseases. Possibilities for optimization of tracer design and potential causes for design failure are discussed and highlighted with selected examples.
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15
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Radford LL, Fernandez S, Beacham R, El Sayed R, Farkas R, Benešová M, Müller C, Lapi SE. New 55Co-labeled Albumin-Binding Folate Derivatives as Potential PET Agents for Folate Receptor Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040166. [PMID: 31717279 PMCID: PMC6958329 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of folate receptors (FRs) on different tumor types (e.g., ovarian, lung) make FRs attractive in vivo targets for directed diagnostic/therapeutic agents. Currently, no diagnostic agent suitable for positron emission tomography (PET) has been adopted for clinical FR imaging. In this work, two 55Co-labeled albumin-binding folate derivatives-[55Co]Co-cm10 and [55Co]Co-rf42-with characteristics suitable for PET imaging have been developed and evaluated. High radiochemical yields (≥95%) and in vitro stabilities (≥93%) were achieved for both compounds, and cell assays demonstrated FR-mediated uptake. Both 55Co-labeled folate conjugates demonstrated high tumor uptake of 17% injected activity per gram of tissue (IA/g) at 4 h in biodistribution studies performed in KB tumor-bearing mice. Renal uptake was similar to other albumin-binding folate derivatives, and liver uptake was lower than that of previously reported [64Cu]Cu-rf42. Small animal PET/CT images confirmed the biodistribution results and showed the clear delineation of FR-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L. Radford
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.L.R.); (S.F.); (R.B.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Solana Fernandez
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.L.R.); (S.F.); (R.B.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Rebecca Beacham
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.L.R.); (S.F.); (R.B.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Retta El Sayed
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.L.R.); (S.F.); (R.B.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Renata Farkas
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (R.F.); (M.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Martina Benešová
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (R.F.); (M.B.); (C.M.)
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (R.F.); (M.B.); (C.M.)
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (L.L.R.); (S.F.); (R.B.); (R.E.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Chu H, Shillingford JM, Reddy JA, Westrick E, Nelson M, Wang EZ, Parker N, Felten AE, Vaughn JF, Xu LC, Lu YJ, Vlahov IR, Leamon CP. Detecting Functional and Accessible Folate Receptor Expression in Cancer and Polycystic Kidneys. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3985-3995. [PMID: 31356752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Folate-based small molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs) are currently under development and have shown promising preclinical and clinical results against various cancers and polycystic kidney disease. Two requisites for response to a folate-based SMDC are (i) folate receptor alpha (FRα) protein is expressed in the diseased tissues, and (ii) FRα in those tissues is accessible and functionally competent to bind systemically administered SMDCs. Here we report on the development of a small molecule reporter conjugate (SMRC), called EC2220, which is composed of a folate ligand for FRα binding, a multilysine containing linker that can cross-link to FRα in the presence of formaldehyde fixation, and a small hapten (fluorescein) used for immunohistochemical detection. Data show that EC2220 produces a far greater IHC signal in FRα-positive tissues over that produced with EC17, a folate-fluorescein SMRC that is released from the formaldehyde-denatured FRα protein. Furthermore, the extent of the EC2220 IHC signal was proportional to the level of FRα expression. This EC2220-based assay was qualified both in vitro and in vivo using normal tissue, cancer tissue, and polycystic kidneys. Overall, EC2220 is a sensitive and effective reagent for evaluating functional and accessible receptor expression in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chu
- Endocyte, Inc. , 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100 , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Jonathan M Shillingford
- Endocyte, Inc. , 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100 , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Joseph A Reddy
- Endocyte, Inc. , 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100 , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Elaine Westrick
- Endocyte, Inc. , 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100 , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Melissa Nelson
- Endocyte, Inc. , 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100 , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Emilia Z Wang
- Endocyte, Inc. , 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100 , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Nikki Parker
- Endocyte, Inc. , 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100 , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Albert E Felten
- Endocyte, Inc. , 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100 , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Jeremy F Vaughn
- Endocyte, Inc. , 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100 , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Le-Cun Xu
- Endocyte, Inc. , 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100 , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Yingjuan J Lu
- Endocyte, Inc. , 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100 , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Iontcho R Vlahov
- Endocyte, Inc. , 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100 , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
| | - Christopher P Leamon
- Endocyte, Inc. , 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite A1-100 , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States
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17
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Yu G, Ning Q, Mo Z, Tang S. Intelligent polymeric micelles for multidrug co-delivery and cancer therapy. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1476-1487. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1601104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Yu
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics of Hunan Province, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Henyang, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Qian Ning
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Zhongcheng Mo
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, Henyang, China
| | - Shengsong Tang
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics of Hunan Province, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Henyang, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
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18
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Birrer MJ, Betella I, Martin LP, Moore KN. Is Targeting the Folate Receptor in Ovarian Cancer Coming of Age? Oncologist 2019; 24:425-429. [PMID: 30635448 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis for women with epithelial ovarian cancer remains poor. One new molecular target in epithelial ovarian cancer is folate receptor alpha (FRα). This commentary discusses the characteristics that contribute to its attractiveness as a candidate for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Birrer
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ilaria Betella
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lainie P Martin
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathleen N Moore
- Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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19
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Silva CO, Pinho JO, Lopes JM, Almeida AJ, Gaspar MM, Reis C. Current Trends in Cancer Nanotheranostics: Metallic, Polymeric, and Lipid-Based Systems. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E22. [PMID: 30625999 PMCID: PMC6359642 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Theranostics has emerged in recent years to provide an efficient and safer alternative in cancer management. This review presents an updated description of nanotheranostic formulations under development for skin cancer (including melanoma), head and neck, thyroid, breast, gynecologic, prostate, and colon cancers, brain-related cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. With this focus, we appraised the clinical advantages and drawbacks of metallic, polymeric, and lipid-based nanosystems, such as low invasiveness, low toxicity to the surrounding healthy tissues, high precision, deeper tissue penetration, and dosage adjustment in a real-time setting. Particularly recognizing the increased complexity and multimodality in this area, multifunctional hybrid nanoparticles, comprising different nanomaterials and functionalized with targeting moieties and/or anticancer drugs, present the best characteristics for theranostics. Several examples, focusing on their design, composition, imaging and treatment modalities, and in vitro and in vivo characterization, are detailed herein. Briefly, all studies followed a common trend in the design of these theranostics modalities, such as the use of materials and/or drugs that share both inherent imaging (e.g., contrast agents) and therapeutic properties (e.g., heating or production reactive oxygen species). This rationale allows one to apparently overcome the heterogeneity, complexity, and harsh conditions of tumor microenvironments, leading to the development of successful targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Oliveira Silva
- iMedUlisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Jacinta Oliveira Pinho
- iMedUlisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Joana Margarida Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - António J Almeida
- iMedUlisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- iMedUlisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Reis
- iMedUlisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
- IBEB, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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20
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Wang C, Xu P, Zhang L, Huang J, Zhu K, Luo C. Current Strategies and Applications for Precision Drug Design. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:787. [PMID: 30072901 PMCID: PMC6060444 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Human Genome Project (HGP) revealed the heterogeneity of individuals, precision medicine that proposes the customized healthcare has become an intractable and hot research. Meanwhile, as the Precision Medicine Initiative launched, precision drug design which aims at maximizing therapeutic effects while minimizing undesired side effects for an individual patient has entered a new stage. One of the key strategies of precision drug design is target based drug design. Once a key pathogenic target is identified, rational drug design which constitutes the major part of precision drug design can be performed. Examples of rational drug design on novel druggable targets and protein-protein interaction surfaces are summarized in this review. Besides, various kinds of computational modeling and simulation approaches increasingly benefit for the drug discovery progress. Molecular dynamic simulation, drug target prediction and in silico clinical trials are discussed. Moreover, due to the powerful ability in handling high-dimensional data and complex system, deep learning has efficiently promoted the applications of artificial intelligence in drug discovery and design. In this review, deep learning methods that tailor to precision drug design are carefully discussed. When a drug molecule is discovered, the development of specific targeted drug delivery system becomes another key aspect of precision drug design. Therefore, state-of-the-art techniques of drug delivery system including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and ligand-targeted conjugates are also included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kongkai Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Deonarain MP, Yahioglu G, Stamati I, Pomowski A, Clarke J, Edwards BM, Diez-Posada S, Stewart AC. Small-Format Drug Conjugates: A Viable Alternative to ADCs for Solid Tumours? Antibodies (Basel) 2018; 7:E16. [PMID: 31544868 PMCID: PMC6698822 DOI: 10.3390/antib7020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) have been through multiple cycles of technological innovation since the concept was first practically demonstrated ~40 years ago. Current technology is focusing on large, whole immunoglobulin formats (of which there are approaching 100 in clinical development), many with site-specifically conjugated payloads numbering 2 or 4. Despite the success of trastuzumab-emtansine in breast cancer, ADCs have generally failed to have an impact in solid tumours, leading many to explore alternative, smaller formats which have better penetrating properties as well as more rapid pharmacokinetics (PK). This review describes research and development progress over the last ~10 years obtained from the primary literature or conferences covering over a dozen different smaller format-drug conjugates from 80 kDa to around 1 kDa in total size. In general, these agents are potent in vitro, particularly more recent ones incorporating ultra-potent payloads such as auristatins or maytansinoids, but this potency profile changes when testing in vivo due to the more rapid clearance. Strategies to manipulate the PK properties, whilst retaining the more effective tumour penetrating properties could at last make small-format drug conjugates viable alternative therapeutics to the more established ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra P Deonarain
- Antikor Biopharma Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage Herts SG12FX, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW72AZ, UK.
| | - Gokhan Yahioglu
- Antikor Biopharma Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage Herts SG12FX, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW72AZ, UK.
| | - Ioanna Stamati
- Antikor Biopharma Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage Herts SG12FX, UK.
| | - Anja Pomowski
- Antikor Biopharma Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage Herts SG12FX, UK.
| | - James Clarke
- Antikor Biopharma Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage Herts SG12FX, UK.
| | - Bryan M Edwards
- Antikor Biopharma Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage Herts SG12FX, UK.
| | - Soraya Diez-Posada
- Antikor Biopharma Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage Herts SG12FX, UK.
| | - Ashleigh C Stewart
- Antikor Biopharma Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage Herts SG12FX, UK.
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22
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Fernández M, Javaid F, Chudasama V. Advances in targeting the folate receptor in the treatment/imaging of cancers. Chem Sci 2018; 9:790-810. [PMID: 29675145 PMCID: PMC5890329 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04004k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The folate receptor (FR) is a recognised biomarker for tumour cells due to its overexpression on a large number of tumours. Consequently, the FR has been exploited by many diagnostic and therapeutic tools to allow targeted delivery to, and imaging of, cancer cells. Herein, we describe the many different approaches by which this has been achieved, including the attachment of folate to potent chemotherapeutic drugs to form FR-targeting small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs), FR-targeting antibodies (as antibody alone and as an antibody-drug conjugate), and in the form of complementary nanotechnology-folate platforms; as well as imaging variants thereof. The potential of exploiting the FR for targeted therapy/imaging has the potential to revolutionise the way several cancers are treated. These FR-targeted technologies can also pave the way for inspiring further sophisticated drug conjugates, especially as this receptor is being targeted by use of several complementary technologies: small molecule, nanoparticle and protein-based - thus providing broad and distinct knowledge in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fernández
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , London , UK
| | - Faiza Javaid
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , London , UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , London , UK
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) , Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal .
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23
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Cheung A, Bax HJ, Josephs DH, Ilieva KM, Pellizzari G, Opzoomer J, Bloomfield J, Fittall M, Grigoriadis A, Figini M, Canevari S, Spicer JF, Tutt AN, Karagiannis SN. Targeting folate receptor alpha for cancer treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52553-52574. [PMID: 27248175 PMCID: PMC5239573 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Promising targeted treatments and immunotherapy strategies in oncology and advancements in our understanding of molecular pathways that underpin cancer development have reignited interest in the tumor-associated antigen Folate Receptor alpha (FRα). FRα is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein. Its overexpression in tumors such as ovarian, breast and lung cancers, low and restricted distribution in normal tissues, alongside emerging insights into tumor-promoting functions and association of expression with patient prognosis, together render FRα an attractive therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize the role of FRα in cancer development, we consider FRα as a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool, and we discuss different targeted treatment approaches with a specific focus on monoclonal antibodies. Renewed attention to FRα may point to novel individualized treatment approaches to improve the clinical management of patient groups that do not adequately benefit from current conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Opzoomer
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacinta Bloomfield
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Fittall
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - James F Spicer
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Molecular imaging in drug development: Update and challenges for radiolabeled antibodies and nanotechnology. Methods 2017; 130:23-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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25
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Martin LP, Konner JA, Moore KN, Seward SM, Matulonis UA, Perez RP, Su Y, Berkenblit A, Ruiz-Soto R, Birrer MJ. Characterization of folate receptor alpha (FRα) expression in archival tumor and biopsy samples from relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer patients: A phase I expansion study of the FRα-targeting antibody-drug conjugate mirvetuximab soravtansine. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 147:402-407. [PMID: 28843653 PMCID: PMC6893864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize folate receptor alpha (FRα) expression in archival and fresh biopsy tumor samples from relapsed ovarian cancer patients. METHODS Patients with ovarian tumors amenable to biopsy were eligible to enroll. Eligibility included a minimum requirement of FRα positivity in archival tumor samples (≥25% of cells with ≥2+ staining intensity). Patients received mirvetuximab soravtansine at 6mg/kg once every 3weeks. Core needle biopsies were collected before and after treatment and FRα levels assessed by immunohistochemistry. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the association between receptor expression and response. RESULTS Twenty-seven heavily pre-treated patients were enrolled. Six individuals (22%) did not have evaluable pre-treatment biopsies due to insufficient tumor cells. The concordance of FRα expression in archival and biopsy tissues was 71%, and no major shifts in receptor expression were seen in matched pre- and post-treatment biopsy samples. Adverse events were generally mild (≤grade 2) with keratopathy (48%), fatigue (44%), diarrhea, and blurred vision (each 37%) being the most common treatment-related toxicities. The confirmed objective response rate (ORR) was 22%, including two complete responses and four partial responses. Superior efficacy measures were observed in the subset of patients with the highest FRα levels (ORR, 31%; progression-free survival, 5.4months). CONCLUSION Concordance of FRα expression in biopsy versus archival tumor samples suggests that archival tissue can reliably identify patients with receptor-positive tumors and is appropriate for patient selection in mirvetuximab soravtansine clinical trials. Regardless of the tissue source analyzed, higher FRα expression was associated with greater antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason A Konner
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Kathleen N Moore
- Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Shelly M Seward
- Wayne State University - Karmanos Cancer Institute, Huntington Woods, MI, United States.
| | | | | | - Ying Su
- ImmunoGen, Inc., Waltham, MA, United States.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Madduri Srinivasarao
- Purdue Institute for Drug
Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Philip S. Low
- Purdue Institute for Drug
Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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27
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Hekman MCH, Boerman OC, Bos DL, Massuger LFAG, Weil S, Grasso L, Rybinski KA, Oosterwijk E, Mulders PFA, Rijpkema M. Improved Intraoperative Detection of Ovarian Cancer by Folate Receptor Alpha Targeted Dual-Modality Imaging. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3457-3463. [PMID: 28826214 PMCID: PMC6150714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Complete resection of tumor lesions
in advanced stage ovarian cancer patients is of utmost importance,
since the extent of residual disease after surgery strongly affects
survival. Intraoperative imaging may be useful to improve surgery
in these patients. Farletuzumab is a humanized IgG1 antibody that
specifically recognizes the folate receptor alpha (FRα). Labeled
with a radiolabel and a fluorescent dye, farletuzumab may be used
for the intraoperative detection of ovarian cancer lesions. The current
aim is to demonstrate the feasibility of FRα-targeted dual-modality
imaging using 111In-farletuzumab-IRDye800CW in an intraperitoneal
ovarian cancer model. Biodistribution studies were performed 3 days
after injection of 3, 10, 30, or 100 μg of 111In-farletuzumab-IRDye800CW
in mice with subcutaneous IGROV-1 tumors (5 mice per group). In mice
with intraperitoneal IGROV-1 tumors the nonspecific uptake of 111In-farletuzumab-IRDye800CW was determined by coinjecting
an excess of unlabeled farletuzumab. MicroSPECT/CT and fluorescence
imaging were performed 3 days after injection of 10 μg of 111In-farletuzumab-IRDye800CW. FRα expression in tumors
was determined immunohistochemically. Optimal tumor-to-blood-ratios
(3.4–3.7) were obtained at protein doses up to 30 μg.
Multiple intra-abdominal tumor lesions were clearly visualized by
microSPECT/CT, while uptake in normal tissues was limited. Fluorescence
imaging was used to visualize and guide resection of superficial tumors.
Coinjection of an excess of unlabeled farletuzumab significantly decreased
tumor uptake of 111In-farletuzumab-IRDye800CW (69.4 ±
27.6 versus 18.3 ± 2.2% ID/g, p < 0.05).
Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that the radioactive and
fluorescent signal corresponded with FRα-expressing tumor lesions.
FRα-targeted SPECT/fluorescence imaging using 111In-farletuzumab-IRDye800CW can be used to detect ovarian cancer in vivo and could be a valuable tool for enhanced intraoperative
tumor visualization in patients with intraperitoneal metastases of
ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène C H Hekman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc , Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Radboudumc , Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc , Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Desirée L Bos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc , Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | | | - Susan Weil
- Morphotek , Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, United States
| | - Luigi Grasso
- Morphotek , Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, United States
| | | | | | | | - Mark Rijpkema
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc , Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
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28
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Direct in vivo evidence of activated macrophages in human osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1613-21. [PMID: 27084348 PMCID: PMC4992586 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Through binding to folate receptor-β (FR-β), the new (99m)Tc-EC20 (Etarfolatide) imaging technique detects activated but not resting macrophages in vivo. The goal of this study was to investigate macrophage-related inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Twenty-five individuals (50 knees) with symptomatic OA of at least one knee underwent SPECT-CT imaging of both knees and planar imaging of the whole body after injection of Etarfolatide. Scans and knee radiographs were scored blinded to clinical information including knee and other joint site pain severity. Measures of association controlled for age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and employed repeated measures to adjust for correlation between knees. DESIGN Activated macrophages were present in the majority (76%) of knees. The quantity of knee-related macrophages was significantly associated with knee pain severity (R = 0.60, P < 0.0001) and radiographic knee OA severity including joint space narrowing (R = 0.68, P = 0.007), and osteophyte (R = 0.66, P = 0.001). Macrophages were also localized to joints commonly affected by OA including hand finger joints (12%), thumb bases (28%), shoulders (26%), great toes (18%) and ankles (12%). The presence of joint pain at fingers, wrists, ankles and great toes was significantly positively associated with presence of activated macrophages at these sites (P < 0.0001-0.04). CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first direct in vivo evidence for macrophage involvement in OA in a substantial proportion of human knees. The association of quantity of activated macrophages with radiographic knee OA severity and joint symptoms suggests that drugs targeting macrophages and macrophage-associated inflammatory pathways may have the potential to be both symptom and structure modifying.
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29
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Zhang X, Yu Q, He Y, Zhang C, Zhu H, Yang Z, Lu J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of (68) Ga-labeled Pteroyl-Lys conjugates for folate receptor-targeted tumor imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:346-53. [PMID: 27320312 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop novel (68) Ga-labeled PET tracers for folate receptor imaging, two DOTA-conjugated Pteroyl-Lys derivatives, Pteroyl-Lys-DOTA and Pteroyl-Lys-DAV-DOTA, were designed, synthesized and radiolabeled with (68) Ga. Biological evaluations of the two radiotracers were performed with FR-positive KB cell line and athymic nude mice bearing KB tumors. Both (68) Ga-DOTA-Lys-Pteroyl and (68) Ga-DOTA-DAV-Lys-Pteroyl exhibited receptor specific binding in KB cells in vitro. The tumor uptake values of (68) Ga-DOTA-Lys-Pteroyl and (68) Ga-DOTA-DAV-Lys-Pteroy were 10.06 ± 0.59%ID/g and 11.05 ± 0.60%ID/g at 2 h post-injection, respectively. Flank KB tumor was clearly visualized with (68) Ga-DOTA-DAV-Lys-Pteroyl by Micro-PET imaging at 2 h post-injection, suggesting the feasibility of using (68) Ga-labeled Pteroyl-Lys conjugates as a novel class of FR targeted probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Qian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.,PET Center of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, PR China
| | - Yingfang He
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, PR China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, PR China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, PR China
| | - Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
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30
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Abstract
Medical imaging has undergone extensive growth over the last few decades and now plays a central role in clinical oncology. The future of imaging in the management of oncology patients is molecularly targeted imaging agents. Molecular imaging differs from conventional anatomical imaging in that imaging probes are utilized to visualize target molecules-of-interest. It is envisioned that molecular imaging will have a major impact on oncology and personalized medicine by allowing earlier diagnosis, assessing early response to treatment and by predicting treatment response. It will, hopefully, also have an impact on drug development by streamlining preclinical and clinical tests for new drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McDermott
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - A Kilcoyne
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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31
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Chen Q, Meng X, McQuade P, Rubins D, Lin SA, Zeng Z, Haley H, Miller P, González Trotter D, Low PS. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Folate-NOTA-Al(18)F for PET Imaging of Folate-Receptor-Positive Tumors. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1520-7. [PMID: 27054811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Folate-receptor-targeted PET radiotracers can potentially serve as versatile imaging agents for the diagnosis, staging, and prediction of response to therapy of patients with folate-receptor (FR)-expressing cancers. Because current FR-targeted PET reagents can be compromised by complex labeling procedures, low specific activities, poor radiochemical yields, or unwanted accumulation in FR negative tissues, we have undertaken to design an improved folate-PET agent that might be more amenable for clinical development. For this purpose, we have synthesized a folate-NOTA-Al(18)F radiotracer and examined its properties both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Radiochemical synthesis of folate-NOTA-Al(18)F was achieved by incubating (18)F(-) with AlCl3 for 2 min followed by heating in the presence of folate-NOTA for 15 min at 100 °C. Binding of folate-NOTA-Al(18)F to FR was quantitated in homogenates of KB and Cal51 tumor xenografts in the presence and absence of excess folic acid as a competitor. In vivo imaging was performed on nu/nu mice bearing either FR+ve (KB cell) or FR-ve (A549 cell) tumor xenografts, and specific accumulation of the radiotracer in tumor and other tissues was assessed by high-resolution micro-PET and ex vivo biodistribution in the presence and absence of excess folic acid. Image quality of folate-NOTA-Al(18)F was compared with that of (99m)Tc-EC20, a clinically established folate-targeted SPECT imaging agent. RESULTS Total radiochemical synthesis and purification of folate-NOTA-Al(18)F was completed within 37 min, yielding a specific activity of 68.82 ± 18.5 GBq/μmol, radiochemical yield of 18.6 ± 4.5%, and radiochemical purity of 98.3 ± 2.9%. Analysis of FR binding revealed a Kd of ∼1.0 nM, and micro-PET imaging together with ex vivo biodistribution analyses demonstrated high FR-mediated uptake in an FR+ tumor and the kidneys. CONCLUSIONS Folate-NOTA-Al(18)F constitutes an easily prepared FR-targeted PET imaging agent with improved radiopharmaceutical properties and high specificity for folate receptor expressing tumors. Given its improved properties over (99m)Tc-EC20 (i.e., higher resolution, shorter image acquisition time, etc.), we conclude that folate-NOTA-Al(18)F constitutes a viable alternative to (99m)Tc-EC20 for use in identification, diagnosis, and staging of patients with FR-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. , 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Paul McQuade
- Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. , 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Daniel Rubins
- Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. , 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Shu-An Lin
- Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. , 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Zhizhen Zeng
- Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. , 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Hyking Haley
- Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. , 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Patricia Miller
- Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. , 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Dinko González Trotter
- Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc. , 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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32
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Kobashi N, Matsumoto H, Zhao S, Meike S, Okumura Y, Abe T, Akizawa H, Ohkura K, Nishijima KI, Tamaki N, Kuge Y. The Thymidine Phosphorylase Imaging Agent 123I-IIMU Predicts the Efficacy of Capecitabine. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1276-81. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.165811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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34
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Abedi SM, Mardanshahi A, Shahhosseini R, Hosseinimehr SJ. Nuclear medicine for imaging of epithelial ovarian cancer. Future Oncol 2016; 12:1165-77. [PMID: 26984362 DOI: 10.2217/fon.16.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Usually, the diagnosis of cancer at an early stage is important to facilitate proper treatment and survival. Nuclear medicine has been successfully used in the diagnosis, staging, therapy and monitoring of cancers. Single-photon emission computed tomography and PET-based companion imaging agents are in development for use as a companion diagnostic tool for patients with ovarian cancer. The present review discusses the basic and clinical studies related to the use of radiopharmaceuticals in the diagnosis and management of ovarian cancer, focusing on their utility and comparing them with other imaging techniques such as computed tomography and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Abedi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alireza Mardanshahi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Roza Shahhosseini
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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35
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Abstract
Imaging reveals complex structures and dynamic interactive processes, located deep inside the body, that are otherwise difficult to decipher. Numerous imaging modalities harness every last inch of the energy spectrum. Clinical modalities include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and light-based methods [endoscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT)]. Research modalities include various light microscopy techniques (confocal, multiphoton, total internal reflection, superresolution fluorescence microscopy), electron microscopy, mass spectrometry imaging, fluorescence tomography, bioluminescence, variations of OCT, and optoacoustic imaging, among a few others. Although clinical imaging and research microscopy are often isolated from one another, we argue that their combination and integration is not only informative but also essential to discovering new biology and interpreting clinical datasets in which signals invariably originate from hundreds to thousands of cells per voxel.
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36
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Sato S, Itamochi H. Profile of farletuzumab and its potential in the treatment of solid tumors. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1181-8. [PMID: 27022278 PMCID: PMC4789847 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s98242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate receptor (FR) α expression in normal tissues is restricted to a subpopulation of epithelial cells. In contrast, FRα is overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Therefore, FRα is considered a promising therapeutic target for EOC and non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Farletuzumab (MORAb-003) is a humanized monoclonal antibody of immunoglobulin G subtype 1 kappa, targeting human FRα. To date, Phase I/II clinical trials have clearly demonstrated the feasibility and safety of farletuzumab as a treatment option against solid tumors. However, in Phase III clinical trial that was conducted to verify the combined effect of paclitaxel-carboplatin combination therapy and farletuzumab for patients with recurrent EOC, improvement in progression-free survival was not statistically significant. This result might be owing to the fact that the eligibility criteria for these studies did not include FRα expression. The significance of FRα as a predictive/prognostic biomarker remains unclear. In addition, there is currently no established biomarker to predict the response and toxicities among patients receiving farletuzumab therapy. Furthermore, the primary mechanism of action of farletuzumab has not yet been identified. Therefore, further research to identify the mechanism of farletuzumab in tumor suppression is necessary to clarify the full potential of this chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Itamochi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
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37
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Vergote IB, Marth C, Coleman RL. Role of the folate receptor in ovarian cancer treatment: evidence, mechanism, and clinical implications. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2016; 34:41-52. [PMID: 25564455 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Folate can be transported into the cell by the reduced folate carrier (RFC), the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), or the folate receptor (FR), of which various isoforms exist. While the RFC and PCFT are expressed by many normal cells, the FR is present only in a small proportion of normal tissues. In these tissues, the FR expression level is often low and restricted to the apical surface of polarized epithelial cells. In contrast, FR is expressed on the blood-accessible basal and lateral membranes of many types of epithelial cancer. Considering that FR is expressed in few nonmalignant cell types on luminal membranes generally not accessible for molecules transported in the blood, FR is considered a promising antitumor target. As FR expression seems associated with tumor progression and prognosis, anticancer therapies targeting FR are currently being developed, such as farletuzumab (Morphotek, Exton, PA, USA), IMGN853 (ImmunoGen, Waltham, MA, USA), vintafolide, and EC1456 (both Endocyte Inc., West Lafayette, IN, USA). FR expression could be used as a response-predictive biomarker for these treatments. The ability to identify patients and treat them with an effective therapy based on the known expression of the tumor marker would, indeed, be the next step in predictive medicine for these patients. This review summarizes the role of FR in ovarian cancer and the value of FR as a prognostic biomarker for ovarian cancer and a response-predictive biomarker for folate-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignace B Vergote
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecolog, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium,
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38
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Ledermann J, Canevari S, Thigpen T. Targeting the folate receptor: diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to personalize cancer treatments. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:2034-43. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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39
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Yamada Y, Nakatani H, Yanaihara H, Omote M. Phase I clinical trial of 99mTc-etarfolatide, an imaging agent for folate receptor in healthy Japanese adults. Ann Nucl Med 2015; 29:792-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-015-1006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Casi G, Neri D. Antibody–Drug Conjugates and Small Molecule–Drug Conjugates: Opportunities and Challenges for the Development of Selective Anticancer Cytotoxic Agents. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8751-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Casi
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, CH8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Baetke SC, Lammers T, Kiessling F. Applications of nanoparticles for diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20150207. [PMID: 25969868 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, a plethora of nanoparticles have been developed and evaluated and a real hype has been created around their potential application as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Despite their suggestion as potential diagnostic agents, only a single diagnostic nanoparticle formulation, namely iron oxide nanoparticles, has found its way into clinical routine so far. This fact is primarily due to difficulties in achieving appropriate pharmacokinetic properties and a reproducible synthesis of monodispersed nanoparticles. Furthermore, concerns exist about their biodegradation, elimination and toxicity. The majority of nanoparticle formulations that are currently routinely used in the clinic are used for therapeutic purposes. These therapeutic nanoparticles aim to more efficiently deliver a (chemo-) therapeutic drug to the pathological site, while avoiding its accumulation in healthy organs and tissues, and are predominantly based on the "enhanced permeability and retention" (EPR) effect. Furthermore, based on their ability to integrate diagnostic and therapeutic entities within a single nanoparticle formulation, nanoparticles hold great promise for theranostic purposes and are considered to be highly useful for personalizing nanomedicine-based treatments. In this review article, we present applications of diagnostic and therapeutic nanoparticles, summarize frequently used non-invasive imaging techniques and describe the role of EPR in the accumulation of nanotheranostic formulations. In this context, the clinical potential of nanotheranostics and image-guided drug delivery for individualized and improved (chemo-) therapeutic interventions is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Baetke
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Kim MH, Kim WH, Kim CG, Kim DW. Synthesis and Evaluation of (99m)Tc-Labeled Folate-Tripeptide Conjugate as a Folate Receptor-Targeted Imaging Agent in a Tumor-Bearing Mouse Model. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 49:200-7. [PMID: 26279693 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-015-0336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The folate receptor (FR) is an attractive molecular target since it is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors. The purpose of the present study was to synthesize and evaluate the feasibility of a novel (99m)Tc-ECG-EDA (Glu-Cys-Gly-ethylenediamine)-folate as an FR-positive tumor imaging agent in a mouse tumor model. MATERIALS AND METHODS ECG-EDA-folate was synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and radiolabeled with (99m)Tc using tripeptide ECG as a chelator. FR-positive KB cells were inoculated in athymic nude mice. Following injection of (99m)Tc-ECG-EDA-folate, serial scintigraphy and micro-SPECT/CT imaging were performed at various time points with and without pre-administration of excess free folate. Mean count densities (MCD) for regions of interest drawn on KB tumors and major normal organs at each time point were measured, and uptake ratios of tumor to normal organs were calculated. RESULTS ECG-EDA-folate was labeled with (99m)Tc with high radiolabeling efficiency and stability (>96 %). FR-positive tumors were clearly visualized on both scintigraphy and micro-SPECT/CT images and the tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-ECG-EDA-folate was markedly suppressed with faint visualization of tumors by pre-administration of excess free folate on serial planar scintigraphy, indicating FR-specific binding of the agent. Furthermore, semiquantitative analysis of MCD data showed again that both tumor MCD and tumor-to-normal organ ratios decreased considerably by pre-administration of excess free folate, supporting FR-specific tumor uptake. Tumor-to-normal organ ratios approximately increased with time after injection until 4 h. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that (99m)Tc-ECG-EDA-folate can bind specifically to FR with clear visualization of FR-positive tumors in a mouse tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Hyoun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Woo Hyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Guhn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea ; Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Iksan, Korea
| | - Dae-Weung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea ; Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Iksan, Korea
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Necela BM, Crozier JA, Andorfer CA, Lewis-Tuffin L, Kachergus JM, Geiger XJ, Kalari KR, Serie DJ, Sun Z, Aspita AM, O’Shannessy DJ, Maltzman JD, McCullough AE, Pockaj BA, Cunliffe HE, Ballman KV, Thompson EA, Perez EA. Folate receptor-α (FOLR1) expression and function in triple negative tumors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122209. [PMID: 25816016 PMCID: PMC4376802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate receptor alpha (FOLR1) has been identified as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target in a number of cancers. A correlation has been shown between intense overexpression of FOLR1 in breast tumors and poor prognosis, yet there is limited examination of the distribution of FOLR1 across clinically relevant breast cancer subtypes. To explore this further, we used RNA-seq data from multiple patient cohorts to analyze the distribution of FOLR1 mRNA across breast cancer subtypes comprised of estrogen receptor positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor positive (HER2+), and triple negative (TNBC) tumors. FOLR1 expression varied within breast tumor subtypes; triple negative/basal tumors were significantly associated with increased expression of FOLR1 mRNA, compared to ER+ and HER2+ tumors. However, subsets of high level FOLR1 expressing tumors were observed in all clinical subtypes. These observations were supported by immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays, with the largest number of 3+ positive tumors and highest H-scores of any subtype represented by triple negatives, and lowest by ER+ tumors. FOLR1 expression did not correlate to common clinicopathological parameters such as tumor stage and nodal status. To delineate the importance of FOLR1 overexpression in triple negative cancers, RNA-interference was used to deplete FOLR1 in overexpressing triple negative cell breast lines. Loss of FOLR1 resulted in growth inhibition, whereas FOLR1 overexpression promoted folate uptake and growth advantage in low folate conditions. Taken together, our data suggests patients with triple negative cancers expressing high FOLR1 expression represent an important population of patients that may benefit from targeted anti-FOLR1 therapy. This may prove particularly helpful for a large number of patients who would typically be classified as triple negative and who to this point have been left without any targeted treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Necela
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United Sates of America
| | - Jennifer A. Crozier
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Cathy A. Andorfer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United Sates of America
| | - Laura Lewis-Tuffin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United Sates of America
| | - Jennifer M. Kachergus
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United Sates of America
| | - Xochiquetzal J. Geiger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Krishna R. Kalari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Serie
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida United States of America
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Alvaro Moreno Aspita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. O’Shannessy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Diagnostics, Morphotek, Exton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julia D. Maltzman
- Department of Clinical Development, Morphotek, Exton, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ann E. McCullough
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Pockaj
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Heather E. Cunliffe
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Karla V. Ballman
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - E. Aubrey Thompson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United Sates of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Edith A. Perez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United Sates of America
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Weber J, Haberkorn U, Mier W. Cancer stratification by molecular imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4918-46. [PMID: 25749472 PMCID: PMC4394457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of specificity of traditional cytotoxic drugs has triggered the development of anticancer agents that selectively address specific molecular targets. An intrinsic property of these specialized drugs is their limited applicability for specific patient subgroups. Consequently, the generation of information about tumor characteristics is the key to exploit the potential of these drugs. Currently, cancer stratification relies on three approaches: Gene expression analysis and cancer proteomics, immunohistochemistry and molecular imaging. In order to enable the precise localization of functionally expressed targets, molecular imaging combines highly selective biomarkers and intense signal sources. Thus, cancer stratification and localization are performed simultaneously. Many cancer types are characterized by altered receptor expression, such as somatostatin receptors, folate receptors or Her2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2). Similar correlations are also known for a multitude of transporters, such as glucose transporters, amino acid transporters or hNIS (human sodium iodide symporter), as well as cell specific proteins, such as the prostate specific membrane antigen, integrins, and CD20. This review provides a comprehensive description of the methods, targets and agents used in molecular imaging, to outline their application for cancer stratification. Emphasis is placed on radiotracers which are used to identify altered expression patterns of cancer associated markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Weber
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Walter Mier
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Srinivasarao M, Galliford CV, Low PS. Principles in the design of ligand-targeted cancer therapeutics and imaging agents. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:203-19. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
Imaging has played an important part in the diagnosis of disease and development of the understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms and is now poised to make an impact in the development of new pharmaceuticals. This chapter discusses the underlying technologies that make the field ready for this challenge. In particular, the potentials of magnetic resonance imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging are outlined, including the new methods developed to provide additional information from the scans carried out. The field of nuclear medicine has seen a rapid increase in interest as advances in radiochemistry have enabled a wide range of new radiotracers to be synthesised.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Nairne
- GE Healthcare, The Grove Centre, Amersham, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Iveson
- GE Healthcare, The Grove Centre, Amersham, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom
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