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Jetty S, Loftus JR, Patel A, Gupta A, Puri S, Dogra V. Prostate Cancer-PET Imaging Update. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030796. [PMID: 36765754 PMCID: PMC9913636 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common non-dermatologic cancer in men, and one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. The incidence of prostate cancer increases precipitously after the age of 65 and demonstrates variable aggressiveness, depending on its grade and stage at diagnosis. Despite recent advancements in prostate cancer treatment, recurrence is seen in 25% of patients. Advancements in prostate cancer Positron Emission Tomography (PET) molecular imaging and recent United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals have led to several new options for evaluating prostate cancer. This manuscript will review the commonly used molecular imaging agents, with an emphasis on Fluorine-18 fluciclovine (Axumin) and PSMA-ligand agents, including their protocols, imaging interpretation, and pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankarsh Jetty
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, NY 14642, USA
| | - James Ryan Loftus
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, NY 14642, USA
| | - Abhinav Patel
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Akshya Gupta
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, NY 14642, USA
| | - Savita Puri
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, NY 14642, USA
| | - Vikram Dogra
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, NY 14642, USA
- Correspondence:
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2
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Batista-Silva J, Gomes D, Barroca-Ferreira J, Gallardo E, Sousa Â, Passarinha LA. Specific Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 1 Capture with Gellan Gum Microspheres: Design, Optimization and Integration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031949. [PMID: 36768273 PMCID: PMC9916199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This work demonstrates the potential of calcium- and nickel-crosslinked Gellan Gum (GG) microspheres to capture the Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 1 (STEAP1) directly from complex Komagataella pastoris mini-bioreactor lysates in a batch method. Calcium-crosslinked microspheres were applied in an ionic exchange strategy, by manipulation of pH and ionic strength, whereas nickel-crosslinked microspheres were applied in an affinity strategy, mirroring a standard immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Both formulations presented small diameters, with appreciable crosslinker content, but calcium-crosslinked microspheres were far smoother. The most promising results were obtained for the ionic strategy, wherein calcium-crosslinked GG microspheres were able to completely bind 0.1% (v/v) DM solubilized STEAP1 in lysate samples (~7 mg/mL). The target protein was eluted in a complexed state at pH 11 with 500 mM NaCl in 10 mM Tris buffer, in a single step with minimal losses. Coupling the batch clarified sample with a co-immunoprecipitation polishing step yields a sample of monomeric STEAP1 with a high degree of purity. For the first time, we demonstrate the potential of a gellan batch method to function as a clarification and primary capture method towards STEAP1, a membrane protein, simplifying and reducing the costs of standard purification workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Batista-Silva
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Diana Gomes
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge Barroca-Ferreira
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Gallardo
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia–UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6201-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís A. Passarinha
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia–UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6201-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-275-329-069
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3
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Rocha SM, Nascimento D, Cardoso AM, Passarinha L, Socorro S, Maia CJ. STEAP1 regulation and its influence modulating the response of LNCaP prostate cancer cells to bicalutamide, enzalutamide and apalutamide. Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:52. [PMID: 36660947 PMCID: PMC9879076 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti‑androgen drugs are the standard pharmacological therapies for treatment of non‑metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). However, the response of PCa cells may depend on the anti‑androgen used and often patients become resistant to treatment. Thus, studying how the anti‑androgen drugs affect oncogenes expression and action and the identification of the best strategy for combined therapies are essential to improve the efficacy of treatments. The Six Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 1 (STEAP1) is an oncogene associated with PCa progression and aggressiveness, although its relationship with the androgen receptor signaling remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of anti‑androgens in regulating STEAP1 expression and investigate whether silencing STEAP1 can make PCa cells more sensitive to anti‑androgen drugs. For this purpose, wild‑type and STEAP1 knockdown LNCaP cells were exposed to bicalutamide, enzalutamide and apalutamide. Bicalutamide decreased the expression of STEAP1, but enzalutamide and apalutamide increased its expression. However, decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis was observed in response to all drugs. Overall, the cellular and molecular effects were similar between LNCaP wild‑type and LNCaP‑STEAP1 knockdown cells, except for c‑myc expression levels, where a cumulative effect between anti‑androgen treatment and STEAP1 knockdown was observed. The effect of STEAP1 knockdown alone or combined with anti‑androgens in c‑myc levels is required to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Rocha
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel Nascimento
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Cardoso
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís Passarinha
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal,Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal,UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal,Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal,C4-UBI-Cloud Computing Competence Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cláudio J. Maia
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal,C4-UBI-Cloud Computing Competence Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal,Correspondence to: Professor Cláudio J. Maia, CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal, E-mail:
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4
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Jin Y, Lorvik KB, Jin Y, Beck C, Sike A, Persiconi I, Kvaløy E, Saatcioglu F, Dunn C, Kyte JA. Development of STEAP1 targeting chimeric antigen receptor for adoptive cell therapy against cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 26:189-206. [PMID: 35860008 PMCID: PMC9278049 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that retarget T cells against CD19 show clinical efficacy against B cell malignancies. Here, we describe the development of a CAR against the six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate-1 (STEAP1), which is expressed in ∼90% of prostate cancers, and subgroups of other malignancies. STEAP1 is an attractive target, as it is associated with tumor invasiveness and progression and only expressed at low levels in normal tissues, apart from the non-vital prostate gland. We identified the antibody coding sequences from a hybridoma and designed a CAR that is efficiently expressed in primary T cells. The T cells acquired the desired anti-STEAP1 specificity, with a polyfunctional response including production of multiple cytokines, proliferation, and the killing of cancer cells. The response was observed for both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and against all STEAP1+ target cell lines tested. We evaluated the in vivo CAR T activity in both subcutaneous and metastatic xenograft mouse models of prostate cancer. Here, the CAR T cells infiltrated tumors and significantly inhibited tumor growth and extended survival in a STEAP1-dependent manner. We conclude that the STEAP1 CAR exhibits potent in vitro and in vivo functionality and can be further developed toward potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Jin
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Mail Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Berg Lorvik
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Mail Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yang Jin
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carole Beck
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Mail Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Adam Sike
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Mail Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Irene Persiconi
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Mail Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Emilie Kvaløy
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Mail Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Fahri Saatcioglu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claire Dunn
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Mail Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Amund Kyte
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Mail Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Wei J, Oh DY, Evans MJ. Preparation of Radiolabeled Antibodies for Nuclear Medicine Applications in Immuno-Oncology. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2393:829-839. [PMID: 34837214 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1803-5_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mixed patient responses to antibodies targeting immune checkpoint proteins (e.g., CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1) have generated tremendous interest in discovering biomarkers that predict which patients will best respond to these treatments. To complement molecular biomarkers obtained from biopsies, the nuclear medicine community has begun developing radiopharmaceuticals that may provide a more holistic assessment of the biological character of all disease sites in patients. On the leading edge of clinical translation are a spectrum of radiolabeled antibodies targeting immune checkpoint proteins or T cell-specific antigens. The adoption of these reagents requires development of efficient and versatile methods for antibody bioconjugation and radiochemistry. We report herein protocols for the preparation of an anti-PD-L1 IgG1 (termed C4) labeled with zirconium-89. The approach is time and cost economical, high yielding, and adaptable to numerous antibody clones and platforms of interest to the immune-oncology community. Included also are representative methods for characterizing the pharmacology of the antibody post bioconjugation, and conducting an in vivo assessment of radiotracer biodistribution in tumor bearing mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnian Wei
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Y Oh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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6
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Veach DR, Storey CM, Lückerath K, Braun K, von Bodman C, Lamminmäki U, Kalidindi T, Strand SE, Strand J, Altai M, Damoiseaux R, Zanzonico P, Benabdallah N, Pankov D, Scher HI, Scardino P, Larson SM, Lilja H, McDevitt MR, Thorek DLJ, Ulmert D. PSA-Targeted Alpha-, Beta-, and Positron-Emitting Immunotheranostics in Murine Prostate Cancer Models and Nonhuman Primates. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:2050-2060. [PMID: 33441295 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most patients with prostate cancer treated with androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors develop therapeutic resistance due to restoration of AR functionality. Thus, there is a critical need for novel treatment approaches. Here we investigate the theranostic potential of hu5A10, a humanized mAb specifically targeting free PSA (KLK3). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN LNCaP-AR (LNCaP with overexpression of wildtype AR) xenografts (NSG mice) and KLK3_Hi-Myc transgenic mice were imaged with 89Zr- or treated with 90Y- or 225Ac-labeled hu5A10; biodistribution and subcellular localization were analyzed by gamma counting, PET, autoradiography, and microscopy. Therapeutic efficacy of [225Ac]hu5A10 and [90Y]hu5A10 in LNCaP-AR tumors was assessed by tumor volume measurements, time to nadir (TTN), time to progression (TTP), and survival. Pharmacokinetics of [89Zr]hu5A10 in nonhuman primates (NHP) were determined using PET. RESULTS Biodistribution of radiolabeled hu5A10 constructs was comparable in different mouse models. Specific tumor uptake increased over time and correlated with PSA expression. Treatment with [90Y]/[225Ac]hu5A10 effectively reduced tumor burden and prolonged survival (P ≤ 0.0054). Effects of [90Y]hu5A10 were more immediate than [225Ac]hu5A10 (TTN, P < 0.0001) but less sustained (TTP, P < 0.0001). Complete responses were observed in 7 of 18 [225Ac]hu5A10 and 1 of 9 mice [90Y]hu5A10. Pharmacokinetics of [89Zr]hu5A10 were consistent between NHPs and comparable with those in mice. [89Zr]hu5A10-PET visualized the NHP-prostate over the 2-week observation period. CONCLUSIONS We present a complete preclinical evaluation of radiolabeled hu5A10 in mouse prostate cancer models and NHPs, and establish hu5A10 as a new theranostic agent that allows highly specific and effective downstream targeting of AR in PSA-expressing tissue. Our data support the clinical translation of radiolabeled hu5A10 for treating prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Veach
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Claire M Storey
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katharina Lückerath
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Institute of Urologic Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katharina Braun
- Department of Urology, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | | | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teja Kalidindi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joanna Strand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohamed Altai
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Pat Zanzonico
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nadia Benabdallah
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Dmitry Pankov
- Immunology Program, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Howard I Scher
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Peter Scardino
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Steven M Larson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Hans Lilja
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Michael R McDevitt
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Daniel L J Thorek
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David Ulmert
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Institute of Urologic Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Wang S, Li J, Hua J, Su Y, Beckford-Vera DR, Zhao W, Jayaraman M, Huynh TL, Zhao N, Wang YH, Huang Y, Qin F, Shen S, Gioeli D, Dreicer R, Sriram R, Egusa EA, Chou J, Feng FY, Aggarwal R, Evans MJ, Seo Y, Liu B, Flavell RR, He J. Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer Targeting CD46 Using ImmunoPET. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:1305-1315. [PMID: 33293372 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We recently identified CD46 as a novel therapeutic target in prostate cancer. In this study, we developed a CD46-targeted PET radiopharmaceutical, [89Zr]DFO-YS5, and evaluated its performance for immunoPET imaging in murine prostate cancer models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN [89Zr]DFO-YS5 was prepared and its in vitro binding affinity for CD46 was measured. ImmunoPET imaging was conducted in male athymic nu/nu mice bearing DU145 [AR-, CD46+, prostate-specific membrane antigen-negative (PSMA-)] or 22Rv1 (AR+, CD46+, PSMA+) tumors, and in NOD/SCID gamma mice bearing patient-derived adenocarcinoma xenograft, LTL-331, and neuroendocrine prostate cancers, LTL-331R and LTL-545. RESULTS [89Zr]DFO-YS5 binds specifically to the CD46-positive human prostate cancer DU145 and 22Rv1 xenografts. In biodistribution studies, the tumor uptake of [89Zr]DFO-YS5 was 13.3 ± 3.9 and 11.2 ± 2.5 %ID/g, respectively, in DU145 and 22Rv1 xenografts, 4 days postinjection. Notably, [89Zr]DFO-YS5 demonstrated specific uptake in the PSMA- and AR-negative DU145 model. [89Zr]DFO-YS5 also showed uptake in the patient-derived LTL-331 and -331R models, with particularly high uptake in the LTL-545 neuroendocrine prostate cancer tumors (18.8 ± 5.3, 12.5 ± 1.8, and 32 ± 5.3 %ID/g in LTL-331, LTL-331R, and LTL-545, respectively, at 4 days postinjection). CONCLUSIONS [89Zr]DFO-YS5 is an excellent PET imaging agent across a panel of prostate cancer models, including in both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine prostate cancer, both cell line- and patient-derived xenografts, and both PSMA-positive and -negative tumors. It demonstrates potential for clinical translation as an imaging agent, theranostic platform, and companion biomarker in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hua
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Denis R Beckford-Vera
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Walter Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mayuri Jayaraman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tony L Huynh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yung-Hua Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yangjie Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Fujun Qin
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sui Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Daniel Gioeli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Robert Dreicer
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Departments of Medicine and Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Emily A Egusa
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jonathan Chou
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Felix Y Feng
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. .,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. .,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. .,University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
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8
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Mena E, Black PC, Rais-Bahrami S, Gorin M, Allaf M, Choyke P. Novel PET imaging methods for prostate cancer. World J Urol 2020; 39:687-699. [PMID: 32671604 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-020-03344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is a common neoplasm but conventional imaging methods such as CT and bone scan are often insensitive. A new class of PET agents have emerged to diagnose and manage prostate cancer. METHODS The relevant literature on PET imaging agents for prostate cancer was reviewed. RESULTS This review shows a broad range of PET imaging agents, the most successful of which is prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET. Other agents either lack the sensitivity or specificity of PSMA PET. CONCLUSION Among the available PET agents for prostate cancer, PSMA PET has emerged as the leader. It is likely to have great impact on the diagnosis, staging and management of prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mena
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3B69F, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1088, USA
| | - Peter C Black
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Michael Gorin
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohamad Allaf
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Room B3B69F, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1088, USA.
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9
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Oosterheert W, Gros P. Cryo-electron microscopy structure and potential enzymatic function of human six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1). J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9502-9512. [PMID: 32409586 PMCID: PMC7363144 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1) is an integral membrane protein that is highly up-regulated on the cell surface of several human cancers, making it a promising therapeutic target to manage these diseases. It shares sequence homology with three enzymes (STEAP2–STEAP4) that catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of iron(III). However, STEAP1 lacks an intracellular NADPH-binding domain and does not exhibit cellular ferric reductase activity. Thus, both the molecular function of STEAP1 and its role in cancer progression remain elusive. Here, we present a ∼3.0-Å cryo-EM structure of trimeric human STEAP1 bound to three antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) of the clinically used antibody mAb120.545. The structure revealed that STEAP1 adopts a reductase-like conformation and interacts with the Fabs through its extracellular helices. Enzymatic assays in human cells revealed that STEAP1 promotes iron(III) reduction when fused to the intracellular NADPH-binding domain of its family member STEAP4, suggesting that STEAP1 functions as a ferric reductase in STEAP heterotrimers. Our work provides a foundation for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of STEAP1 and may be useful in the design of new therapeutic strategies to target STEAP1 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout Oosterheert
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Gros
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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11
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Carrasquillo JA, Fine BM, Pandit-Taskar N, Larson SM, Fleming SE, Fox JJ, Cheal SM, O'Donoghue JA, Ruan S, Ragupathi G, Lyashchenko SK, Humm JL, Scher HI, Gönen M, Williams SP, Danila DC, Morris MJ. Imaging Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Using 89Zr-DFO-MSTP2109A Anti-STEAP1 Antibody. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1517-1523. [PMID: 31053681 PMCID: PMC6836860 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.222844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate-1 (STEAP1) is a relatively newly identified target in prostate cancer. We evaluated the ability of PET/CT with 89Zr-DFO-MSTP2109A, an antibody that recognizes STEAP1, to detect lesions in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Methods: Nineteen mCRPC patients were prospectively imaged using approximately 185 MBq/10 mg of 89Zr-DFO-MSTP2109A. 89Zr-DFO-MSTP2109A PET/CT images obtained 4-7 d after injection were compared with bone and CT scans. Uptake in lesions was measured. Fifteen patients were treated with an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) based on MSTP2109A; ADC treatment-related data were correlated with tumor uptake by PET imaging. Bone or soft-tissue biopsy samples were evaluated. Results: No significant toxicity occurred. Excellent uptake was observed in bone and soft-tissue disease. Median SUVmax was 20.6 in bone and 16.8 in soft tissue. Sixteen of 17 lesions biopsied were positive on 89Zr-DFO-MSTP2109A, and all sites were histologically positive (1 on repeat biopsy). Bayesian analysis resulted in a best estimate of 86% of histologically positive lesions being true-positive on imaging (95% confidence interval, 75%-100%). There was no correlation between SUVmax tumor uptake and STEAP1 immunohistochemistry, survival after ADC treatment, number of ADC treatment cycles, or change in prostate-specific antigen level. Conclusion:89Zr-DFO-MSTP2109A is well tolerated and shows localization in mCRPC sites in bone and soft tissue. Given the high SUV in tumor and localization of a large number of lesions, this reagent warrants further exploration as a companion diagnostic in patients undergoing STEAP1-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Carrasquillo
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
- Center for Targeted Radioimmunotherapy and Diagnosis, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, New York
| | - Steven M Larson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
- Center for Targeted Radioimmunotherapy and Diagnosis, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, New York
| | - Stephen E Fleming
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Josef J Fox
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sarah M Cheal
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joseph A O'Donoghue
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shutian Ruan
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Govind Ragupathi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Serge K Lyashchenko
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John L Humm
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Howard I Scher
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - Mithat Gönen
- Biostatistics Service, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Daniel C Danila
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - Michael J Morris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
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12
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Zirconium-89 radio-nanochemistry and its applications towards the bioimaging of prostate cancer. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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O'Donoghue JA, Danila DC, Pandit-Taskar N, Beylergil V, Cheal SM, Fleming SE, Fox JJ, Ruan S, Zanzonico PB, Ragupathi G, Lyashchenko SK, Williams SP, Scher HI, Fine BM, Humm JL, Larson SM, Morris MJ, Carrasquillo JA. Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of a [ 89Zr]Zr-DFO-MSTP2109A Anti-STEAP1 Antibody in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3083-3090. [PMID: 31117485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate-1 (STEAP1) is a newly identified target in prostate cancer. The use of radio-labeled STEAP1-targeting antibodies with positron emission tomography (PET) may allow for detection of sites of metastatic prostate cancer and may refine patient selection for antigen-directed therapies. This was a prospective study in seven patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who had at least one archival biopsy that was STEAP1-positive by immunohistochemistry. Patients received intravenous injections of ∼185 MBq and 10 mg of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-MSTP2109A, a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against STEAP1. PET/CT images, blood samples, and whole-body counts were monitored longitudinally in six patients. Here, we report on safety, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, dose estimates to normal tissues, and initial tumor targeting for this group of patients. There was no significant acute or subacute toxicity. Favorable biodistribution and enhanced lesion uptake (in both bone and soft tissue) were observed on imaging using a mass of 10 mg of DFO-MSTP2109A. The best lesion discrimination was seen at the latest imaging time, a median of 6 days postadministration. Pharmacokinetics showed a median serum T1/2 β of 198 h, volume of central compartment of 3.54 L (similar to plasma volume), and clearance of 19.7 mL/h. The median biologic T1/2 for whole-body retention was 469 h. The highest mean absorbed doses to normal organs (mGy/MBq) were 1.18, 1.11, 0.78, 0.73, and 0.71 for liver, heart wall, lung, kidney, and spleen, respectively. Excellent targeting of metastatic prostate sites in both bone and soft tissue was observed, with an optimal imaging time of 6 days postadministration. The liver and heart were the normal organs that experienced the highest absorbed doses. The pharmacokinetics were similar to other antibodies without major cross-reactivity with normal tissues. A more detailed analysis of lesion targeting in a larger patient population with correlation to immunohistology and standard imaging modalities has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel C Danila
- Department of Medicine , Joan and Sanford I. Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Department of Radiology , Joan and Sanford I. Weill Cornell Medical Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Simon P Williams
- Genentech , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Howard I Scher
- Department of Medicine , Joan and Sanford I. Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Bernard M Fine
- Genentech , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | | | - Steven M Larson
- Department of Radiology , Joan and Sanford I. Weill Cornell Medical Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,Center for Targeted Radioimmunotherapy and Diagnosis of the Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Michael J Morris
- Department of Medicine , Joan and Sanford I. Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Jorge A Carrasquillo
- Department of Radiology , Joan and Sanford I. Weill Cornell Medical Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,Center for Targeted Radioimmunotherapy and Diagnosis of the Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy , New York , New York 10065 , United States
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14
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Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men worldwide, but it exhibits a highly variable biological behavior ranging from indolent to highly aggressive disease. The standard conventional imaging for staging PCa consists of CT, MRI, and bone scans, but this imaging has suboptimal accuracy for extraprostatic tumor detection, particularly in the scenario of early biochemical relapse when the prostate-specific antigen levels are still low indicating a low volume of recurrent disease. This gap between known disease (as indicated by a rising prostate-specific antigen) and the failure to detect it on conventional imaging, has led to the development of novel imaging probes most of which have positron emitting radioactive tags. In the last decade, multiple PET probes have demonstrated promising performance in detecting sites of recurrence and extent of disease in patients with PCa. The landscape of available PET radiotracers is changing rapidly and includes radiolabeled choline, anti1-amino-3-18F-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (18F-fluciclovine), bombesin, dihydrotestosterone, and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands, among others. Of these, radiolabeled PSMA-PET agents have shown the most encouraging results in terms of sensitivity and are likely to become universally available for imaging PCa within a few years Other PET radiotracers such as bombesin-based radiotracers and antagonist of gastrin releasing-peptide receptor (RM2) are emerging as possible alternatives for PCa imaging. This review article discusses the current and near-future of PET molecular imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mena
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH. Bethesda, MD
| | - Liza M Lindenberg
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH. Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH. Bethesda, MD.
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15
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Truillet C, Parker MFL, Huynh LT, Wei J, Jami KM, Wang YH, Shen YS, Sriram R, Wilson DM, Kurhanewicz J, Evans MJ. Measuring glucocorticoid receptor expression in vivo with PET. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20399-20408. [PMID: 29755660 PMCID: PMC5945515 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is an emerging drug target for several common and deadly solid tumors like breast and prostate cancer, and clinical trials studying the antitumor effects of GR antagonists are beginning. Since GR expression can be variable in tumor cells, and virtually all normal mammalian tissues express some GR, we hypothesized that an imaging tool capable of detecting GR positive tumors and/or measuring GR occupancy by drug in tumor and normal tissues could improve the precision application of anti-GR therapies in the clinic. To this end, we developed a fluorine-18 labeled corticosteroid termed GR02 that potently binds the endogenous ligand binding pocket on full length GR. Binding of 18F-GR02 was suppressed in many normal tissues by co-treatment with mifepristone, a GR antagonist in human use, and was elevated in many normal tissues among mice lacking circulating corticosteroids due to adrenalectomy. 18F-GR02 also accumulated in GR positive subcutaneous and subrenal capsule prostate cancer models, and uptake in tumors was competed by mifepristone. Combined with a straightforward and high yielding radiosynthesis, these data establish the foundation for near-term clinical translation of 18F-GR02.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Truillet
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew F L Parker
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Loc T Huynh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Junnian Wei
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Khaled M Jami
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yung-Hua Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yuqin S Shen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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16
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Heinzmann K, Carter LM, Lewis JS, Aboagye EO. Multiplexed imaging for diagnosis and therapy. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1:697-713. [PMID: 31015673 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Complex molecular and metabolic phenotypes depict cancers as a constellation of different diseases with common themes. Precision imaging of such phenotypes requires flexible and tunable modalities capable of identifying phenotypic fingerprints by using a restricted number of parameters while ensuring sensitivity to dynamic biological regulation. Common phenotypes can be detected by in vivo imaging technologies, and effectively define the emerging standards for disease classification and patient stratification in radiology. However, for the imaging data to accurately represent a complex fingerprint, the individual imaging parameters need to be measured and analysed in relation to their wider spatial and molecular context. In this respect, targeted palettes of molecular imaging probes facilitate the detection of heterogeneity in oncogene-driven alterations and their response to treatment, and lead to the expansion of rational-design elements for the combination of imaging experiments. In this Review, we evaluate criteria for conducting multiplexed imaging, and discuss its opportunities for improving patient diagnosis and the monitoring of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Heinzmann
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lukas M Carter
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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17
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ter Weele EJ, Terwisscha van Scheltinga AGT, Kosterink JGW, Pot L, Vedelaar SR, Lamberts LE, Williams SP, Lub-de Hooge MN, de Vries EGE. Imaging the distribution of an antibody-drug conjugate constituent targeting mesothelin with ⁸⁹Zr and IRDye 800CW in mice bearing human pancreatic tumor xenografts. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42081-90. [PMID: 26536664 PMCID: PMC4747211 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin is a tumor differentiation antigen expressed by epithelial tumors, including pancreatic cancer. Currently, mesothelin is being targeted with an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of a mesothelin-specific antibody coupled to a highly potent chemotherapeutic drug. Considering the toxicity of the ADC and reduced accessibility of pancreatic tumors, non-invasive imaging could provide necessary information. We therefore developed a zirconium-89 (89Zr) labeled anti-mesothelin antibody (89Zr-AMA) to study its biodistribution in human pancreatic tumor bearing mice. Biodistribution and dose-finding of 89Zr-AMA were studied 144 h after tracer injection in mice with subcutaneously xenografted HPAC. MicroPET imaging was performed 24, 72 and 144 h after tracer injection in mice bearing HPAC or Capan-2. Tumor uptake and organ distribution of 89Zr-AMA were compared with nonspecific 111In-IgG. Biodistribution analyses revealed a dose-dependent 89Zr-AMA tumor uptake. Tumor uptake of 89Zr-AMA was higher than 111In-IgG using the lowest tracer dose. MicroPET showed increased tumor uptake over 6 days, whereas activity in blood pool and other tissues decreased. Immunohistochemistry showed that mesothelin was expressed by the HPAC and CAPAN-2 tumors and fluorescence microscopy revealed that AMA-800CW was present in tumor cell cytoplasm. 89Zr-AMA tumor uptake is antigen-specific in mesothelin-expressing tumors. 89Zr-AMA PET provides non-invasive, real-time information about AMA distribution and tumor targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva J ter Weele
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anton G T Terwisscha van Scheltinga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jos G W Kosterink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Linda Pot
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Silke R Vedelaar
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Laetitia E Lamberts
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Simon P Williams
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marjolijn N Lub-de Hooge
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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18
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Kazuma SM, Sultan D, Zhao Y, Detering L, You M, Luehmann HP, Abdalla DSP, Liu Y. Recent Advances of Radionuclide-Based Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 21:5267-76. [PMID: 26369676 DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666150915104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease characterized by the development of multifocal plaque lesions within vessel walls and extending into the vascular lumen. The disease takes decades to develop symptomatic lesions, affording opportunities for accurate detection of plaque progression, analysis of risk factors responsible for clinical events, and planning personalized treatment. Of the available molecular imaging modalities, radionuclidebased imaging strategies have been favored due to their sensitivity, quantitative detection and pathways for translational research. This review summarizes recent advances of radiolabeled small molecules, peptides, antibodies and nanoparticles for atherosclerotic plaque imaging during disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States.
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19
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Williams SP, Ogasawara A, Tinianow JN, Flores JE, Kan D, Lau J, Go M, Vanderbilt AN, Gill HS, Miao L, Goldsmith J, Rubinfeld B, Mao W, Firestein R, Yu SF, Marik J, Terwisscha van Scheltinga AG. ImmunoPET helps predicting the efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates targeting TENB2 and STEAP1. Oncotarget 2016; 7:25103-12. [PMID: 27029064 PMCID: PMC5041891 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeted to solid tumors depends on biological processes that are hard to monitor in vivo. 89Zr-immunoPET of the ADC antibodies could help understand the performance of ADCs in the clinic by confirming the necessary penetration, binding, and internalization. This work studied monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) ADCs against two targets in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, TENB2 and STEAP1, in four patient-derived tumor models (LuCaP35V, LuCaP70, LuCaP77, LuCaP96.1). Three aspects of ADC biology were measured and compared: efficacy was measured in tumor growth inhibition studies; target expression was measured by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry; and tumor antibody uptake was measured with 111In-mAbs and gamma counting or with 89Zr-immunoPET. Within each model, the mAb with the highest tumor uptake showed the greatest potency as an ADC. Sensitivity between models varied, with the LuCaP77 model showing weak efficacy despite high target expression and high antibody uptake. Ex vivo analysis confirmed the in vivo results, showing a correlation between expression, uptake and ADC efficacy. We conclude that 89Zr-immunoPET data can demonstrate which ADC candidates achieve the penetration, binding, and internalization necessary for efficacy in tumors sensitive to the toxic payload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon-Peter Williams
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Annie Ogasawara
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jeff N. Tinianow
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Judith E. Flores
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - David Kan
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lau
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - MaryAnn Go
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Alexander N. Vanderbilt
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Herman S. Gill
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Li Miao
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Joshua Goldsmith
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Bonnee Rubinfeld
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Weiguang Mao
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Ron Firestein
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jan Marik
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Anton G.T. Terwisscha van Scheltinga
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
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20
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Wright BD, Whittenberg J, Desai A, DiFelice C, Kenis PJA, Lapi SE, Reichert DE. Microfluidic Preparation of a 89Zr-Labeled Trastuzumab Single-Patient Dose. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:747-52. [PMID: 26769862 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.166140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED (89)Zr-labeled antibodies are being investigated in several clinical trials; however, the time requirement for synthesis of clinical doses can hinder patient throughput because of scheduling difficulties. Additionally, low specific activity due to poor labeling efficiency can require larger amounts of the radiopharmaceutical to be administered, possibly leading to adverse side effects. Here, we describe the design and evaluation of a microfluidic reactor capable of synthesizing a single clinical dose of (89)Zr-labeled antibody. (89)Zr-labeled trastuzumab was chosen for this validation because it is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for imaging human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive cancer patients. METHODS A microreactor fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane/glass was silanated with trimethoxy(octadecyl) silane to reduce antibody adsorption. Desferrioxamine-p-benzyl-isothiocyanate (DFO-Bz-NCS) was conjugated to trastuzumab in an 8:1 molar ratio following the literature procedures using aseptic techniques. Radiolabeling was performed by pumping (89)Zr-oxalate and DFO-Bz-trastuzumab into the microfluidic reactor at a total rate of 20 μL/min in ratios varying from 1:37 to 1:592 mg:MBq at 37°C to achieve optimal labeling. RESULTS Silanated reactors showed low antibody adsorption in comparison to unmodified reactors (95% monoclonal antibody recovered vs. 0% recovered). Labeling of the modified trastuzumab was shown to be achievable at a specific activity above the reported literature value of 220 MBq/mg. A high radiochemical purity was achieved without an incubation period at specific activities of less than 148 MBq/mg; however, specific activities up to 592 MBq/mg could be achieved with an incubation period. Clinical doses were able to be prepared and passed all quality control guidelines set by the Food and Drug Administration. Samples were sterile, colorless, and radiochemically pure (100%); maintained the ability to bind to the intended receptor; formed a minimal amount of aggregates (1%-4%); and were completed within 45-60 min. CONCLUSION (89)Zr-labeled trastuzumab for use in a clinical setting was synthesized in a microfluidic reactor in under an hour while reducing the amount of handling required by a technician. Use of this compact platform not only could enable the use of radiolabeled antibodies to become a common practice, but also could spread the use of radiolabeled antibodies beyond locations with cyclotron facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Wright
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Joseph Whittenberg
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Amit Desai
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Christina DiFelice
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Paul J A Kenis
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri; and
| | - David E Reichert
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri; and
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21
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Yuan Q, Furukawa T, Tashiro T, Okita K, Jin ZH, Aung W, Sugyo A, Nagatsu K, Endo H, Tsuji AB, Zhang MR, Masuko T, Inoue M, Fujibayashi Y, Saga T. Immuno-PET Imaging of HER3 in a Model in which HER3 Signaling Plays a Critical Role. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143076. [PMID: 26571416 PMCID: PMC4646434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HER3 is overexpressed in various carcinomas including colorectal cancer (CRC), which is associated with poor prognosis, and is involved in the development of therapy resistance. Thus, an in vivo imaging technique is needed to evaluate the expression of HER3, an important therapeutic and diagnostic target. Here, we report successful HER3 PET imaging using a newly generated anti-human HER3 monoclonal antibody, Mab#58, and a mouse model of a HER3-overexpressing xenograft tumor. Furthermore, we assessed the role of HER3 signaling in CRC cancer tissue-originated spheroid (CTOS) and applied HER3 imaging to detect endogenous HER3 in CTOS-derived xenografts. Cell binding assays of 89Zr-labeled Mab#58 using the HER3-overexpressing cell line HER3/RH7777 demonstrated that [89Zr]Mab#58 specifically bound to HER3/RH7777 cells (Kd = 2.7 nM). In vivo biodistribution study in mice bearing HER3/RH7777 and its parent cell xenografts showed that tumor accumulation of [89Zr]Mab#58 in HER3/RH7777 xenografts was significantly higher than that in the control from day 1 to day 4, tending to increase from day 1 to day 4 and reaching 12.2 ± 4.5%ID/g. Radioactivity in other tissues, including the control xenograft, decreased or remained unchanged from day 1 to day 6. Positron emission tomography (PET) in the same model enabled clear visualization of HER3/RH7777 xenografts but not of RH7777 xenografts. CTOS growth assay and signaling assay revealed that CRC CTOS were dependent on HER3 signaling for their growth. In PET studies of mice bearing a CRC CTOS xenograft, the tumor was clearly visualized with [89Zr]Mab#58 but not with the 89Zr-labeled control antibody. Thus, tumor expression of HER3 was successfully visualized by PET with 89Zr-labeled anti-HER3 antibody in CTOS xenograft-bearing mice, a model that retains the properties of the patient tumor. Non-invasive targeting of HER3 by antibodies is feasible, and it is expected to be useful for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yuan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takako Furukawa
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tashiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kouki Okita
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Higashi Osaka, Japan.,Carna Biosciences Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Zhao-Hui Jin
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Winn Aung
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aya Sugyo
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Endo
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Higashi Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Fujibayashi
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Saga
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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