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Dondi F, Pisani AR, Lucarelli NM, Gazzilli M, Talin A, Albano D, Rubini D, Maggialetti N, Rubini G, Bertagna F. Correlation between Kidney Uptake at [18F]FDG PET/CT and Renal Function. J Pers Med 2023; 14:40. [PMID: 38248741 PMCID: PMC10817585 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Different insights into the connection between kidney [18F]fluorodesoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) uptake at positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and renal function have been proposed in the past. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the presence of a correlation between these two parameters. Kidney uptakes were assessed and compared to the creatinine (Cr) values and estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) among different classes of renal functional impairment or kidney status. A total of 339 patients and 385 different PET/CT scans were included in this study. Significant correlations between kidney uptakes and renal function parameters were reported in most of the groups studied, with the exception of patients with Cr < 1.2 mg/dL and subjects with a kidney transplantation. Strong concordance in the assessment of renal parenchymal uptakes between the different readers was reported. To conclude, strong correlations for renal [18F]FDG uptake with Cr levels and the EGFR were reported, with the exception of the group of patients with a Cr value < 1.2 mg/dL and for the group with a kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dondi
- Nuclear Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.D.); (A.T.); (D.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Antonio Rosario Pisani
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.R.P.); (N.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Nicola Maria Lucarelli
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.R.P.); (N.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Maria Gazzilli
- Nuclear Medicine, ASL Bari—P.O. Di Venere, 70012 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Talin
- Nuclear Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.D.); (A.T.); (D.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Domenico Albano
- Nuclear Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.D.); (A.T.); (D.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Dino Rubini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nicola Maggialetti
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.R.P.); (N.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Rubini
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.R.P.); (N.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Francesco Bertagna
- Nuclear Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.D.); (A.T.); (D.A.); (F.B.)
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2
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Klinkhammer BM, Lammers T, Mottaghy FM, Kiessling F, Floege J, Boor P. Non-invasive molecular imaging of kidney diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:688-703. [PMID: 34188207 PMCID: PMC7612034 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In nephrology, differential diagnosis or assessment of disease activity largely relies on the analysis of glomerular filtration rate, urinary sediment, proteinuria and tissue obtained through invasive kidney biopsies. However, currently available non-invasive functional parameters, and most serum and urine biomarkers, cannot capture intrarenal molecular disease processes specifically. Moreover, although histopathological analyses of kidney biopsy samples enable the visualization of pathological morphological and molecular alterations, they only provide information about a small part of the kidney and do not allow longitudinal monitoring. These limitations not only hinder understanding of the dynamics of specific disease processes in the kidney, but also limit the targeting of treatments to active phases of disease and the development of novel targeted therapies. Molecular imaging enables non-invasive and quantitative assessment of physiological or pathological processes by combining imaging technologies with specific molecular probes. Here, we discuss current preclinical and clinical molecular imaging approaches in nephrology. Non-invasive visualization of the kidneys through molecular imaging can be used to detect and longitudinally monitor disease activity and can therefore provide companion diagnostics to guide clinical trials, as well as the safe and effective use of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany,Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, The Netherlands,Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Felix M. Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany,Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany,Department of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany,Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany,
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3
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Bilici Salman R, Gülbahar Ateş S, Satiş H, Tufan A, Akdemir ÜÖ, Yapar D, Ataş N, Güler AA, Karadeniz H, Babaoglu H, Aydos U, Göker B, Haznedaroğlu Ş, Atay LÖ, Öztürk MA. Diagnostic Role of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography for the Evaluation of Patients With Inflammation of Unknown Origin. J Clin Rheumatol 2021; 27:219-225. [PMID: 32195847 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sometimes, the underlying causes of inflammation cannot be established despite meticulous investigation, including medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and radiologic procedures. Rheumatologists are often faced with patients whose condition is known as inflammation of unknown origin (IUO). Differential diagnosis of IUO is diverse, and investigation of these cases is challenging and time-consuming. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to assess the diagnostic role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the evaluation of patients with IUO. METHODS The study sample consisted of 97 adult patients with IUO who have not been previously diagnosed with an infectious, inflammatory, or malignant disease. The necessary data were collected from January 2015 to June 2018 with a 6-month follow-up period. The patients were screened using PET/CT after a specific diagnosis could not be established with detailed laboratory and radiologic evaluations. RESULTS A final diagnosis was established at follow-up, and 47 (54%) of the 97 patients had inflammatory diseases, 30 (34.4%) had malignancies, and 10 (11.4%) had infections. Despite meticulous investigation, 10 patients were left undiagnosed in the follow-up. PET/CT aided diagnosis in 59 patients (60.8%), but it was not helpful in 38 patients (39.2%). PET/CT was positive in 30 (63%) of the 47 patients with inflammatory diseases, whose final diagnosis was inflammatory rheumatic disease, as follows: large-vessel vasculitis in 19 patients, polymyalgia rheumatica in 7 patients, and seronegative arthritis or other rare miscellaneous diseases in 4 patients. The sensitivity of PET/CT was 67% with a specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 100% and 71%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Investigation of the underlying etiology of IUO is time-consuming and challenging. PET/CT may help identify the final diagnosis more quickly by locating an obscure inflammatory site; thus, it may reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, diagnostic time, anxiety, work loss, morbidity, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hasan Satiş
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | | | - Dilek Yapar
- Department of Public Health, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuh Ataş
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Hazan Karadeniz
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Hakan Babaoglu
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Berna Göker
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
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4
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Wright WF, Auwaerter PG, Dibble EH, Rowe SP, Mackowiak PA. Imaging a Fever-Redefining the Role of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]Fluoro-D-Glucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Fever of Unknown Origin Investigations. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:1279-1286. [PMID: 32829386 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a useful imaging technique for the evaluation of fever of unknown origin (FUO). This imaging technique allows for accurate localization of foci of hypermetabolism based on 18FDG uptake in glycolytically active cells that may represent inflammation, infection, or neoplasia. The presence of abnormal uptake can help direct further investigation that may yield a final diagnosis. A lack of abnormal uptake can be reasonably reassuring that these conditions are not present, thereby avoiding unnecessary additional testing. Insurers have not routinely covered outpatient 18FDG-PET/CT for the indication of FUO in the United States. However, data published since 2007 suggest early use in FUO diagnostic evaluations improves diagnostic efficiency and reduces costs. Clinicians and insurers should consider 18FDG-PET/CT as a useful tool when preliminary studies are unrevealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Wright
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul G Auwaerter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Dibble
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Steven P Rowe
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip A Mackowiak
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Swart LE, Gomes A, Scholtens AM, Sinha B, Tanis W, Lam MGEH, van der Vlugt MJ, Streukens SAF, Aarntzen EHJG, Bucerius J, van Assen S, Bleeker-Rovers CP, van Geel PP, Krestin GP, van Melle JP, Roos-Hesselink JW, Slart RHJA, Glaudemans AWJM, Budde RPJ. Improving the Diagnostic Performance of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron-Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Prosthetic Heart Valve Endocarditis. Circulation 2019; 138:1412-1427. [PMID: 30018167 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.035032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was recently introduced as a new tool for the diagnosis of prosthetic heart valve endocarditis (PVE). Previous studies reporting a modest diagnostic accuracy may have been hampered by unstandardized image acquisition and assessment, and several confounders, as well. The aim of this study was to improve the diagnostic performance of FDG PET/CT in patients in whom PVE was suspected by identifying and excluding possible confounders, using both visual and standardized quantitative assessments. METHODS In this multicenter study, 160 patients with a prosthetic heart valve (median age, 62 years [43-73]; 68% male; 82 mechanical valves; 62 biological; 9 transcatheter aortic valve replacements; 7 other) who underwent FDG PET/CT for suspicion of PVE, and 77 patients with a PV (median age, 73 years [65-77]; 71% male; 26 mechanical valves; 45 biological; 6 transcatheter aortic valve replacements) who underwent FDG PET/CT for other indications (negative control group), were retrospectively included. Their scans were reassessed by 2 independent observers blinded to all clinical data, both visually and quantitatively on available European Association of Nuclear Medicine Research Ltd-standardized reconstructions. Confounders were identified by use of a logistic regression model and subsequently excluded. RESULTS Visual assessment of FDG PET/CT had a sensitivity/specificity/positive predictive value/negative predictive value for PVE of 74%/91%/89%/78%, respectively. Low inflammatory activity (C-reactive protein <40 mg/L) at the time of imaging and use of surgical adhesives during prosthetic heart valve implantation were significant confounders, whereas recent valve implantation was not. After the exclusion of patients with significant confounders, diagnostic performance values of the visual assessment increased to 91%/95%/95%/91%. As a semiquantitative measure of FDG uptake, a European Association of Nuclear Medicine Research Ltd-standardized uptake value ratio of ≥2.0 was a 100% sensitive and 91% specific predictor of PVE. CONCLUSIONS Both visual and quantitative assessments of FDG PET/CT have a high diagnostic accuracy in patients in whom PVE is suspected. FDG PET/CT should be implemented early in the diagnostic workup to prevent the negative confounding effects of low inflammatory activity (eg, attributable to prolonged antibiotic therapy). Recent valve implantation was not a significant predictor of false-positive interpretations, but surgical adhesives used during implantation were.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens E Swart
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (L.E.S., G.P.K., R.P.J.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology (L.E.S., J.W.R.-H.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Gomes
- Department of Medical Microbiology (A.G., B.S.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Asbjørn M Scholtens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands (A.M.S.)
| | - Bhanu Sinha
- Department of Medical Microbiology (A.G., B.S.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco Tanis
- Heartcenter, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands (W.T.)
| | - Marnix G E H Lam
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.G.E.H.L.)
| | - Maureen J van der Vlugt
- Department of Cardiology (M.J.v.d.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik H J G Aarntzen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (E.H.J.G.A.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Bucerius
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Germany (J.B.)
| | - Sander van Assen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Treant Care Group, Hoogeveen/Emmen/Stadskanaal, The Netherlands (S.v.A.)
| | - Chantal P Bleeker-Rovers
- Department of Internal Medicine (C.P.B.-R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul van Geel
- Department of Cardiology (P.P.v.G., J.P.v.M.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel P Krestin
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (L.E.S., G.P.K., R.P.J.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P van Melle
- Department of Cardiology (P.P.v.G., J.P.v.M.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien W Roos-Hesselink
- Department of Cardiology (L.E.S., J.W.R.-H.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riemer H J A Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center (R.H.J.A.S., A.W.J.M.G.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (R.H.J.A.S.)
| | - Andor W J M Glaudemans
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center (R.H.J.A.S., A.W.J.M.G.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo P J Budde
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (L.E.S., G.P.K., R.P.J.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Wang HY, Hung CC, Chen CH, Lee TY, Huang KY, Ning HC, Lai NC, Tsai MH, Lu LC, Tseng YJ, Lu JJ. Increase Trichomonas vaginalis detection based on urine routine analysis through a machine learning approach. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11074. [PMID: 31423009 PMCID: PMC6698480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) detection remains an unsolved problem in using of automated instruments for urinalysis. The study proposes a machine learning (ML)-based strategy to increase the detection rate of T. vaginalis in urine. On the basis of urinalysis data from a teaching hospital during 2009–2013, individuals underwent at least one urinalysis test were included. Logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest, were used to select specimens with a high risk of T. vaginalis infection for confirmation through microscopic examinations. A total of 410,952 and 428,203 specimens from men and women were tested, of which 91 (0.02%) and 517 (0.12%) T. vaginalis-positive specimens were reported, respectively. The prediction models of T. vaginalis infection attained an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of more than 0.87 for women and 0.83 for men. The Lift values of the top 5% risky specimens were above eight. While the most risky vigintile was picked out by the models and confirmed by microscopic examination, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for T. vaginalis detection in men and women were USD$170.1 and USD$29.7, respectively. On the basis of urinalysis, the proposed strategy can significantly increase the detection rate of T. vaginalis in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chih Hung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Technological and Vocational Education, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Information Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Innovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,School of Science and Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai-Yao Huang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hsiao-Chen Ning
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Chang Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Technological and Vocational Education, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chuan Lu
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Tseng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Information Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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7
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Kan Y, Wang W, Liu J, Yang J, Wang Z. Contribution of 18F-FDG PET/CT in a case-mix of fever of unknown origin and inflammation of unknown origin: a meta-analysis. Acta Radiol 2019; 60:716-725. [PMID: 30205705 DOI: 10.1177/0284185118799512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fever of unknown origin (FUO) and inflammation of unknown origin (IUO) are challenging medical problems. Previous studies have shown that 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) plays an important role in the diagnosis of FUO, but few studies have explored this diagnostic technique in relation to IUO. PURPOSE To systematically review and perform a meta-analysis of published data on the diagnostic performance of PET/CT in the diagnosis of FUO and IUO. MATERIAL AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines published in March 2018. Meta-analysis of diagnostic performance was performed using STATA 12.0 software. Subgroup analysis was performed by stratification based on study design, number of patients, geographic area, and final diagnosis based on 18F-FDG PET/CT. Meta-regression analyses were performed to recognize heterogeneity. RESULTS Our meta-analysis included 23 studies, comprising a total sample size of 1927 patients. The pooled diagnosis performance was calculated with a per-patient-based analysis: sensitivity = 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.79-0.89), specificity = 0.63 (95% CI = 0.49-0.75), positive likelihood ratio = 2.3 (95% CI = 1.5-3.4), negative likelihood ratio = 0.25 (95% CI = 0.16-0.38), diagnostic odds ratio = 9 (95% CI = 4.0-20), and AUC = 0.84 (95% CI = 0.81-0.87). CONCLUSION In patients with non-specific symptoms and signs, 18F-FDG PET/CT is very helpful for recognizing and excluding diseases, directing further diagnostic decisions, and avoiding unnecessary invasive examinations. We recommend that 18F-FDG PET/CT should be considered among the first-line diagnostic tools for patients with FUO and IUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jigang Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhenchang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
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Tseng JR, Chang YH, Yang LY, Wu CT, Chen SY, Wan CH, Hsiao IT, Yen TC. Potential usefulness of 68Ga-citrate PET/CT in detecting infected lower limb prostheses. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:2. [PMID: 30607646 PMCID: PMC6318156 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prosthetic joint infections may lead to failures of total joint arthroplasty. Radionuclide imaging can play a diagnostic role in identifying such infections, which require two-stage exchange arthroplasty (instead of simple revision surgery performed in non-infected cases). Although 18F-FDG PET/CT has emerged as a novel diagnostic tool in this setting, the clinical usefulness of 68Ga-citrate PET/CT has not been previously investigated. This single-center prospective study was designed to address this issue. Methods Between January 2016 and October 2017, we examined 34 patients with clinically proven or suspected prosthetic hip/knee joint infections scheduled to undergo surgery. All patients underwent 68Ga-citrate PET/CT scans and sequential 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for comparative purposes. Intraoperative findings and the results of microbiological analyses of surgical specimens served as gold standard. The diagnostic results were examined according to (1) image interpretation based on radiotracer uptake patterns and (2) quantitative analysis using volumes of interest (VOIs) to calculate standard uptake values (SUVs) and metabolic volumes (MVs). Results A total of 26 (76%) patients were diagnosed as having infections. Based on radiotracer uptake pattern criteria, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 68Ga-citrate PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT were 92%, 88%, and 91% and 100%, 38%, and 85%, respectively. MV was significantly higher in the infected group when 68Ga-citrate PET/CT was used (422.45 vs. 303.65 cm3, p = 0.027), whereas no significant differences were observed on 18F-FDG PET/CT. According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a cut-off value of 370.86 for MV resulted in a sensitivity of 61.5% and a specificity of 87.5% (area under curve: 0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.57–0.88, p = 0.035). Conclusions Subject to future confirmation, our data provide preliminary evidence that 68Ga-citrate PET/CT may have a complimentary role to 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting prosthetic joint infections, being characterized by a higher specificity and the possibility to discriminate between an infectious condition and sterile inflammation. Trial registration This prospective study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (registration number: NCT02855190).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ren Tseng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No. 5, Fu-Hsing ST., Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science and Healthy Aging Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chang
- Bone and Joint Research Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Yan Yang
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical Trial Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yuan Chen
- Bone and Joint Research Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Wan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Tsung Hsiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No. 5, Fu-Hsing ST., Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science and Healthy Aging Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No. 5, Fu-Hsing ST., Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science and Healthy Aging Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Tsai HY, Lee MH, Wan CH, Yang LY, Yen TC, Tseng JR. C-reactive protein levels can predict positive 18F-FDG PET/CT findings that lead to management changes in patients with bacteremia. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 51:839-846. [PMID: 30190232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Bacteremia portends high rates of morbidity and mortality. Although 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging has clinical value in assessing fever of unknown origin, its usefulness in bacteremia has not been entirely elucidated. We therefore designed the current single-center retrospective study to investigate 1) the clinical value of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in assessing bacteremia and 2) the association between laboratory data and imaging findings. METHODS We examined 102 patients with bacteremia who had undergone 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. The patients' clinical and laboratory data were reviewed and analyzed in relation to 18F-FDG PET/CT findings. Patients showing positive results underwent quantitative measurements of 18F-FDG uptake. RESULTS Positive 18F-FDG PET/CT findings were identified in 74 (72.5%) patients, and 40 (54.1%) underwent modified treatment or management because of the imaging results (p = 0.003). Positive 18F-FDG PET/CT findings were significantly associated with higher white blood cell (WBC) counts and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (p = 0.012 and < 0.001, respectively). Notably, CRP levels accurately predicted (area under curve = 0.752; p < 0.001) positive 18F-FDG PET/CT findings (optimal cut-off point: 54.025 mg/L). CONCLUSION A majority (54.1%, n = 40) of the patients with positive 18F-FDG PET/CT results underwent treatment modifications; they accounted for most cases (87%) of management changes in our cohort. Leukocytosis and increased CRP levels are significantly associated with positive 18F-FDG PET/CT findings in patients with bacteremia. CRP levels >54.025 mg/L were accurate predictors of positive 18F-FDG PET/CT results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Tsai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsun Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Wan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Yan Yang
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical Trial Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ren Tseng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Swart LE, Scholtens AM, Tanis W, Nieman K, Bogers AJJC, Verzijlbergen FJ, Krestin GP, Roos-Hesselink JW, Budde RPJ. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission/computed tomography and computed tomography angiography in prosthetic heart valve endocarditis: from guidelines to clinical practice. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:3739-3749. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laurens E Swart
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Ca-207a, ‘s-Gravendijkwal 230, CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Asbjørn M Scholtens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Center, Maatweg 3, TZ, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco Tanis
- Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Nieman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Ca-207a, ‘s-Gravendijkwal 230, CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ad J J C Bogers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred J Verzijlbergen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel P Krestin
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Ca-207a, ‘s-Gravendijkwal 230, CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ricardo P J Budde
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Ca-207a, ‘s-Gravendijkwal 230, CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Clinical utility of FDG PET/CT in acute complicated pyelonephritis-results from an observational study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 45:462-470. [PMID: 28951990 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3835-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute complicated pyelonephritis (ACP) is an upper urinary tract infection associated with coexisting urinary tract abnormalities or medical conditions that could predispose to serious outcomes or treatment failures. Although CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are frequently used in patients with ACP, the clinical value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) has not been systematically investigated. This single-center retrospective study was designed to evaluate the potential usefulness of FDG PET/CT in patients with ACP. METHODS Thirty-one adult patients with ACP who underwent FDG PET/CT were examined. FDG PET/CT imaging characteristics, including tracer uptake patterns, kidney volumes, and extrarenal imaging findings, were reviewed in combination with clinical data and conventional imaging results. RESULTS Of the 31 patients, 19 (61%) showed focal FDG uptake. The remaining 12 study participants showed a diffuse FDG uptake pattern. After volumetric approximation, the affected kidneys were found to be significantly enlarged. Patients who showed a focal uptake pattern had a higher frequency of abscess formation requiring drainage. ACP patients showing diffuse tracer uptake patterns had a more benign clinical course. Seven patients had suspected extrarenal coinfections, and FDG PET/CT successfully confirmed the clinical suspicion in five cases. FDG PET/CT was as sensitive as CT in identifying the six patients (19%) who developed abscesses. Notably, FDG PET/CT findings caused a modification to the initial antibiotic regimen in nine patients (29%). CONCLUSIONS FDG PET/CT may be clinically useful in the assessment of patients with ACP who have a progressive disease course.
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12
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Glaudemans AWJM, Slart RHJA, van Dijl JM, van Oosten M, van Dam GM. Molecular imaging of infectious and inflammatory diseases: a terra incognita. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:659-61. [PMID: 25814517 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.155119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andor W J M Glaudemans
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Riemer H J A Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Twente, Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen van Oosten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gooitzen M van Dam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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