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Aloj L, Mansi R, De Luca S, Accardo A, Tesauro D, Morelli G. Radiolabeled peptides and their expanding role in clinical imaging and targeted cancer therapy. J Pept Sci 2024:e3607. [PMID: 38710638 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
There is an expanding body of evidence showing that synthetic peptides in combination with radioactive isotopes can be utilized for medical purposes. This area is of particular interest in oncology where applications in diagnosis and therapy are at different stages of development. We review the contributions in this area by the group originally founded by Carlo Pedone in Naples many years ago. We highlight the work of this group in the context of other developments in this area, focusing on three biologically relevant receptor systems: somatostatin, gastrin-releasing peptide, and cholecystokinin-2/gastrin receptors. We focus on key milestones, state of the art, and challenges in this area of research as well as the current and future outlook for expanding clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Aloj
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosalba Mansi
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefania De Luca
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Accardo
- Department of Pharmacy and CIRPeB, Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides "Carlo Pedone", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Tesauro
- Department of Pharmacy and CIRPeB, Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides "Carlo Pedone", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy and CIRPeB, Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides "Carlo Pedone", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Al-Bdour MZ, Al-Shimi R, Al-Rifai MJ, El-Taani H, Nashwan AJ. Navigating Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Conversion: Insights From Recurrent Breast Cancer. Cureus 2024; 16:e61305. [PMID: 38947649 PMCID: PMC11212681 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurrent breast cancer presents clinical challenges due to its dynamic nature. Turning human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status from negative to positive upon recurrence is a rare but clinically significant phenomenon that can impact treatment decisions. We present the case of a 63-year-old female initially diagnosed with stage IIIA breast cancer, characterized as HER2-negative. However, upon recurrence eight years later, the patient exhibited HER2 conversion, indicating a positive status. Subsequent treatment adjustments were made based on this new HER2-positive status, leading to complete remission. HER2 conversion underscores the dynamic nature of tumor biology in recurrent breast cancer. This case highlights the importance of re-biopsy for accurate biomarker assessment and the necessity of personalized treatment strategies based on current molecular profiles. Understanding and recognizing HER2 conversion in recurrent breast cancer is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes and guiding clinical management decisions. Further research is warranted to elucidate the frequency and clinical implications of HER2 conversion in recurrent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Z Al-Bdour
- Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Amman, JOR
| | - Rula Al-Shimi
- Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Amman, JOR
| | | | - Hani El-Taani
- Oncology, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, JOR
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3
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Choi S, Cassidy D, Castillo P, Mellon EA, Calfa C. Cerebrospinal Fluid Testing in Leptomeningeal Progression of HER2-Negative Breast Cancer Reveals HER2 Positivity, Leading to HER2-Targeted Therapy: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e55483. [PMID: 38571852 PMCID: PMC10989401 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of breast cancer is largely determined by protein expression assays of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Her2/neu (HER2) status. These prognostic markers may vary due to tumor heterogeneityor the evolution of prognostic markers throughout the course of treatment. This report presents a case of a patient who initially presented with HER2-negative breast cancer and had rapidly progressed on numerous lines of treatment. An analysis of cerebrospinal fluid via next-generation sequencing and biopsy of metastasis to the liver identified HER2-positive cancer, which allowed for the use of trastuzumab deruxtecan, a HER2-targeted therapy. This led to an excellent clinical response with improvement in performance status and quality of life. This case report demonstrates the importance of continuing to follow a patient's cancer pathology to open the doors for other opportunities for treatment. Cancer has the potential to evolve and there is a benefit of obtaining rebiopsies to ensure the correct targeted therapies are provided to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraphina Choi
- Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Daniel Cassidy
- Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Patricia Castillo
- Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Eric A Mellon
- Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Carmen Calfa
- Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
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Van Laere C, Koole M, Deroose CM, de Voorde MV, Baete K, Cocolios TE, Duchemin C, Ooms M, Cleeren F. Terbium radionuclides for theranostic applications in nuclear medicine: from atom to bedside. Theranostics 2024; 14:1720-1743. [PMID: 38389843 PMCID: PMC10879862 DOI: 10.7150/thno.92775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Terbium features four clinically interesting radionuclides for application in nuclear medicine: terbium-149, terbium-152, terbium-155, and terbium-161. Their identical chemical properties enable the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals with the same pharmacokinetic character, while their distinctive decay characteristics make them valuable for both imaging and therapeutic applications. In particular, terbium-152 and terbium-155 are useful candidates for positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, respectively; whereas terbium-149 and terbium-161 find application in α- and β--/Auger electron therapy, respectively. This unique characteristic makes the terbium family ideal for the "matched-pair" principle of theranostics. In this review, the advantages and challenges of terbium-based radiopharmaceuticals are discussed, covering the entire chain from radionuclide production to bedside administration. It elaborates on the fundamental properties of terbium, the production routes of the four interesting radionuclides and gives an overview of the available bifunctional chelators. Finally, we discuss the preclinical and clinical studies as well as the prospects of this promising development in nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Van Laere
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Medical Applications, Mol, Belgium
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe M. Deroose
- Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van de Voorde
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Medical Applications, Mol, Belgium
| | - Kristof Baete
- Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas E. Cocolios
- KU Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Maarten Ooms
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Medical Applications, Mol, Belgium
| | - Frederik Cleeren
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Chen L, Zhang J, Chi C, Che W, Dong G, Wang J, Du Y, Wang R, Zhu Z, Tian J, Ji N, Chen X, Li D. Lower-grade gliomas surgery guided by GRPR-targeting PET/NIR dual-modality image probe: a prospective and single-arm clinical trial. Theranostics 2024; 14:819-829. [PMID: 38169486 PMCID: PMC10758047 DOI: 10.7150/thno.91554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) are a group of infiltrative growing glial brain tumors characterized by intricate intratumoral heterogeneity and subtle visual appearance differences from non-tumor tissue, which can lead to errors in pathologic tissue sampling. Although 5-ALA fluorescence has been an essential method for visualizing gliomas during surgery, its effectiveness is limited in the case of LGGs due to low sensitivity. Therefore, we developed a novel PET/NIR dual-modality image probe targeting gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in glioma cells to enhance tumor visualization and improve the accuracy of sampling. Methods: A prospective, non-randomized, single-center feasibility clinical trial (NCT03407781) was conducted in the referral center from October 21, 2016, to August 17, 2018. Consecutive enrollment included patients suspected of having LGGs and considered suitable candidates for surgical removal. Group 1 comprised ten patients who underwent preoperative 68Ga-IRDye800CW-BBN PET/MRI assessment followed by intraoperative fluorescence-guided surgery. Group 2 included 42 patients who underwent IRDye800CW-BBN fluorescence-guided surgery. The primary endpoints were the predictive value of preoperative PET imaging for intraoperative fluorescence and the sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence-guided sampling. Results: Thirty-nine patients were included in the in-depth analysis of endpoints, with 25 (64.1%) exhibiting visible fluorescence, while 14 (35.9%) did not. The preoperative positive PET uptake exhibited a greater accuracy in predicting intraoperative fluorescence compared to MRI enhancement (100% [10/10] vs. 87.2% [34/39]). A total of 125 samples were harvested during surgery. Compared with pathology, subjective fluorescence intensity showed a sensitivity of 88.6% and a specificity of 88.2% in identifying WHO grade III samples. For WHO grade II samples, the sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence were 54.7% and 88.2%, respectively. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the feasibility of the novel dual-modality imaging technique for integrated pre- and intraoperative targeted imaging via the same molecular receptor in surgeries for LGGs. The PET/NIR dual-modality probe exhibits promise for preoperative surgical planning in fluorescence-guided surgery and provides greater accuracy in guiding tumor sampling compared to 5-ALA in patients with LGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangpeng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chongwei Chi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gehong Dong
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanru Du
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deling Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Beijing, China
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Singh A, Paruthy SB, Belsariya V, Chandra J N, Singh SK, Manivasagam SS, Choudhary S, Kumar MA, Khera D, Kuraria V. Revolutionizing Breast Healthcare: Harnessing the Role of Artificial Intelligence. Cureus 2023; 15:e50203. [PMID: 38192969 PMCID: PMC10772314 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has the highest incidence and second-highest mortality rate among all cancers. The management of breast cancer is being revolutionized by artificial intelligence (AI), which is improving early detection, pathological diagnosis, risk assessment, individualized treatment recommendations, and treatment response prediction. Nuclear medicine has used artificial intelligence (AI) for over 50 years, but more recent advances in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have given AI in nuclear medicine additional capabilities. AI accurately analyzes breast imaging scans for early detection, minimizing false negatives while offering radiologists reliable, swift image processing assistance. It smoothly fits into radiology workflows, which may result in early treatments and reduced expenditures. In pathological diagnosis, artificial intelligence improves the quality of diagnostic data by ensuring accurate diagnoses, lowering inter-observer variability, speeding up the review process, and identifying errors or poor slides. By taking into consideration nutritional, genetic, and environmental factors, providing individualized risk assessments, and recommending more regular tests for higher-risk patients, AI aids with the risk assessment of breast cancer. The integration of clinical and genetic data into individualized treatment recommendations by AI facilitates collaborative decision-making and resource allocation optimization while also enabling patient progress monitoring, drug interaction consideration, and alignment with clinical guidelines. AI is used to analyze patient data, imaging, genomic data, and pathology reports in order to forecast how a treatment would respond. These models anticipate treatment outcomes, make sure that clinical recommendations are followed, and learn from historical data. The implementation of AI in medicine is hampered by issues with data quality, integration with healthcare IT systems, data protection, bias reduction, and ethical considerations, necessitating transparency and constant surveillance. Protecting patient privacy, resolving biases, maintaining transparency, identifying fault for mistakes, and ensuring fair access are just a few examples of ethical considerations. To preserve patient trust and address the effect on the healthcare workforce, ethical frameworks must be developed. The amazing potential of AI in the treatment of breast cancer calls for careful examination of its ethical and practical implications. We aim to review the comprehensive role of artificial intelligence in breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Singh
- General Surgery, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Shivani B Paruthy
- General Surgery, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Vivek Belsariya
- General Surgery, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Nemi Chandra J
- General Surgery, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Surgical Oncology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | | | - Sushila Choudhary
- General Surgery, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - M Anil Kumar
- General Surgery, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Dhananjay Khera
- General Surgery, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Vaibhav Kuraria
- General Surgery, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IND
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang C, Zhang J, Yuan L, Jin S, Zhou W, Guan X, Kang P, Zhang C, Tian J, Chen X, Li D, Jia W. Preclinical assessment of IRDye800CW-labeled gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-targeting peptide for near infrared-II imaging of brain malignancies. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10532. [PMID: 37476052 PMCID: PMC10354759 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to develop a new biocompatible gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) targeted optical probe, IRDye800-RM26, for fluorescence image-guided surgery (FGS) of brain malignancies in near-infrared window II (NIR-II) imaging. We developed a novel GRPR targeting probe using a nine-amino-acid bombesin antagonist analog RM26 combined with IRDye800CW, and explored the fluorescent probe according to optical properties. Fluorescence imaging characterization in NIR-I/II region was performed in vitro and in vivo. Following simulated NIR-II image-guided surgery, we obtained time-fluorescent intensity curves and time-signal and background ratio curves. Further, we used histological sections of brain from tumor-beating mice model to compare imaging specificity between 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and IRDye800-RM26, and evaluated biodistribution and biocompatibility. IRDye800-RM26 had broad emission ranging from 800 to 1200 nm, showing considerable fluorescent intensity in NIR-II region. High-resolution NIR-II imaging of IRDye800-RM26 can enhance the advantages of NIR-I imaging. Dynamic and real time fluorescence imaging in NIR-II region showed that the probe can be used to treat brain malignancies in mice between 12 and 24 h post injection. Its specificity in targeting glioblastoma was superior to 5-ALA. Biodistribution analysis indicated IRDye800-RM26 excretion in the kidney and liver. Histological and blood test analyses did not reveal acute severe toxicities in mice treated with effective dose (40 μg) of the probe for NIR-II imaging. Because of the considerable fluorescent intensity in NIR-II region and high spatial resolution, biocompatible and excretable IRDye800-RM26 holds great potentials for FGS, and is essential for translation into human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Li Wang
- Jiangsu Xinrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.NantongChina
| | - Chengkai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Linhao Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Shucheng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Wenjianlong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Xiudong Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Peng Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex SystemsInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- School of Artificial IntelligenceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐Based Precision Medicine, School of MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Deling Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Wang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteBeijingChina
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8
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Śmiłowicz D, Eisenberg S, Ahn SH, Koller AJ, Lampkin PP, Boros E. Radiometallation and photo-triggered release of ready-to-inject radiopharmaceuticals from the solid phase. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5038-5050. [PMID: 37206398 PMCID: PMC10189872 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06977f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient, large-scale synthesis of radiometallated radiopharmaceuticals represents an emerging clinical need which, to date, is inherently limited by time consuming, sequential procedures to conduct isotope separation, radiochemical labeling and purification prior to formulation for injection into the patient. In this work, we demonstrate that a solid-phase based, concerted separation and radiosynthesis strategy followed by photochemical release of radiotracer in biocompatible solvents can be employed to prepare ready-to-inject, clinical grade radiopharmaceuticals. Optimization of resin base, resin loading, and radiochemical labeling capacity are demonstrated with 67Ga and 64Cu radioisotopes using a short model peptide sequence and further validated using two peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals with clinical relevance, targeting the gastrin-releasing peptide and the prostate specific membrane antigen. We also demonstrate that the solid-phase approach enables separation of non-radioactive carrier ions Zn2+ and Ni2+ present at 105-fold excess over 67Ga and 64Cu by taking advantage of the superior Ga3+ and Cu2+ binding affinity of the solid-phase appended, chelator-functionalized peptide. Finally, a proof of concept radiolabeling and subsequent preclinical PET-CT study with the clinically employed positron emitter 68Ga successfully exemplifies that Solid Phase Radiometallation Photorelease (SPRP) allows the streamlined preparation of radiometallated radiopharmaceuticals by concerted, selective radiometal ion capture, radiolabeling and photorelease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Śmiłowicz
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Shawn Eisenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Shin Hye Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Angus J Koller
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Philip P Lampkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
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9
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Wang R, Jakobsson V, Wang J, Zhao T, Peng X, Li B, Xue J, Liang N, Zhu Z, Chen X, Zhang J. Dual targeting PET tracer [ 68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD in patients with lung neoplasms: a pilot exploratory study. Theranostics 2023; 13:2979-2992. [PMID: 37284441 PMCID: PMC10240811 DOI: 10.7150/thno.86007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Early discovery, accurate diagnosis, and staging of lung cancer is essential for patients to receive appropriate treatment. PET/CT has become increasingly recognized as a valuable imaging modality for these patients, but there remains room for improvement in PET tracers. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD, a dual-targeting heterodimeric PET tracer that recognizes both fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and integrin αvβ3 for detecting lung neoplasms, by comparing it with [18F]FDG and single-targeting tracers [68Ga]Ga-RGD and [68Ga]Ga-FAPI. Methods: This was a pilot exploratory study of patients with suspected lung malignancies. All 51 participants underwent [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD PET/CT, of which: 9 participants received dynamic scans, 44 participants also underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT scan within two weeks, 9 participants underwent [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT scan and 10 participants underwent [68Ga]Ga-RGD PET/CT scan. The final diagnosis was made based on histopathological analyses and clinical follow-up reports. Results: Among those who underwent dynamic scans, the uptake of pulmonary lesions increased over time. The optimal timepoint for a PET/CT scan was identified to be 2 h post-injection. [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD had a higher detection rate of primary lesions than [18F]FDG (91.4% vs. 77.1%, p < 0.05), higher tumor uptake (SUVmax, 6.9 ± 5.3 vs. 5.3 ± 5.4, p < 0.001) and higher tumor-to-background ratio (10.0 ± 8.4 vs. 9.0 ± 9.1, p < 0.05), demonstrated better accuracy in mediastinal lymph node evaluation (99.7% vs. 90.9%, p < 0.001), and identified more metastases (254 vs. 220). There was also a significant difference between the uptake of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD and [68Ga]Ga-RGD of primary lesions (SUVmax, 5.8 ± 4.4 vs. 2.3 ± 1.3, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In our small scale cohort study, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD PET/CT gave a higher primary tumor detection rate, higher tracer uptake, and improved detection of metastases compared with [18F]FDG PET/CT, and [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD also had advantages over [68Ga]Ga-RGD and was non-inferior to [68Ga]Ga-FAPI. We thus provide proof-of-concept for using [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-RGD PET/CT for diagnosing lung cancer. With the stated advantages, the dual-targeting FAPI-RGD should also be explored for therapeutic use in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Vivianne Jakobsson
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jiarou Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzhi Zhao
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Xingtong Peng
- Eight-Year Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianchao Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Naixin Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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10
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Brink A, Hlongwa KN, More S. The Impact of PET/CT on Paediatric Oncology. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020192. [PMID: 36673002 PMCID: PMC9857884 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review paper will discuss the use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in paediatric oncology. Functional imaging with PET/CT has proven useful to guide treatment by accurately staging disease and limiting unnecessary treatments by determining the metabolic response to treatment. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (2-[18F]FDG) PET/CT is routinely used in patients with lymphoma. We highlight specific considerations in the paediatric population with lymphoma. The strengths and weaknesses for PET/CT tracers that compliment Meta-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine ([123I]mIBG) for the imaging of neuroblastoma are summarized. 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT has increasingly been used in the staging and evaluation of disease response in sarcomas. The current recommendations for the use of PET/CT in sarcomas are given and potential future developments and highlighted. 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT in combination with conventional imaging is currently the standard for disease evaluation in children with Langerhans-cell Histiocytosis (LCH) and the non-LCH disease spectrum. The common pitfalls of 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT in this setting are discussed.
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11
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Sahli H, Ben Slama A, Zeraii A, Labidi S, Sayadi M. ResNet-SVM: Fusion based glioblastoma tumor segmentation and classification. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 31:27-48. [PMID: 36278391 DOI: 10.3233/xst-221240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Computerized segmentation of brain tumor based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data presents an important challenging act in computer vision. In image segmentation, numerous studies have explored the feasibility and advantages of employing deep neural network methods to automatically detect and segment brain tumors depicting on MRI. For training the deeper neural network, the procedure usually requires extensive computational power and it is also very time-consuming due to the complexity and the gradient diffusion difficulty. In order to address and help solve this challenge, we in this study present an automatic approach for Glioblastoma brain tumor segmentation based on deep Residual Learning Network (ResNet) to get over the gradient problem of deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Using the extra layers added to a deep neural network, ResNet algorithm can effectively improve the accuracy and the performance, which is useful in solving complex problems with a much rapid training process. An additional method is then proposed to fully automatically classify different brain tumor categories (necrosis, edema, and enhancing regions). Results confirm that the proposed fusion method (ResNet-SVM) has an increased classification results of accuracy (AC = 89.36%), specificity (SP = 92.52%) and precision (PR = 90.12%) using 260 MRI data for the training and 112 data used for testing and validation of Glioblastoma tumor cases. Compared to the state-of-the art methods, the proposed scheme provides a higher performance by identifying Glioblastoma tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanene Sahli
- Laboratory of Signal Image and Energy Mastery, National Higher Engineering School of Tunis, University of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amine Ben Slama
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abderrazek Zeraii
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salam Labidi
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mounir Sayadi
- Laboratory of Signal Image and Energy Mastery, National Higher Engineering School of Tunis, University of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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12
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Grzmil M, Wiesmann F, Schibli R, Behe M. Targeting mTORC1 Activity to Improve Efficacy of Radioligand Therapy in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010017. [PMID: 36612012 PMCID: PMC9817840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioligand therapy (RLT) represents an effective strategy to treat malignancy by cancer-selective delivery of radioactivity following systemic application. Despite recent therapeutic successes, cancer radioresistance and insufficient delivery of the radioactive ligands, as well as cytotoxicity to healthy organs, significantly impairs clinical efficacy. To improve disease management while minimizing toxicity, in recent years, the combination of RLT with molecular targeted therapies against cancer signaling networks showed encouraging outcomes. Characterization of the key deregulated oncogenic signaling pathways revealed their convergence to activate the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), in which signaling plays an essential role in the regulation of cancer growth and survival. Therapeutic interference with hyperactivated mTOR pathways was extensively studied and led to the development of mTOR inhibitors for clinical applications. In this review, we outline the regulation and oncogenic role of mTOR signaling, as well as recapitulate and discuss mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibition to improve the efficacy of RLT in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Grzmil
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabius Wiesmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Behe
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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13
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Evaluation of 68Ga-Radiolabeled Peptides for HER2 PET Imaging. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12112710. [PMID: 36359554 PMCID: PMC9689602 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime and approximately 25% of those cases will be HER2-positive. Current methods for diagnosing HER2-positive breast cancer involve using IHC and FISH from suspected cancer biopsies to quantify HER2 expression. HER2 PET imaging could potentially increase accuracy and improve the diagnosis of lesions that are not available for biopsies. Using two previously discovered HER2-targeting peptides, we modified each peptide with the chelator DOTA and a PEG2 linker resulting in DOTA-PEG2-GSGKCCYSL (P5) and DOTA-PEG2-DTFPYLGWWNPNEYRY (P6). Each peptide was labeled with 68Ga and was evaluated for HER2 binding using in vitro cell studies and in vivo tumor xenograft models. Both [68Ga]P5 and [68Ga]P6 showed significant binding to HER2-positive BT474 cells versus HER2-negative MDA-MB-231 cells ([68Ga]P5; 0.68 ± 0.20 versus 0.47 ± 0.05 p < 0.05 and [68Ga]P6; 0.55 ± 0.21 versus 0.34 ± 0.12 p < 0.01). [68Ga]P5 showed a higher percent injected dose per gram (%ID/g) binding to HER2-positive tumors two hours post-injection compared to HER2-negative tumors (0.24 ± 0.04 versus 0.12 ± 0.06; p < 0.05), while the [68Ga]P6 peptide showed significant binding (0.98 ± 0.22 versus 0.51 ± 0.08; p < 0.05) one hour post-injection. These results lay the groundwork for the use of peptides to image HER2-positive breast cancer.
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14
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Li R, Gao R, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Wang X, Li B, Wang L, Ma L, Du J. pH-responsive graphene oxide loaded with targeted peptide and anticancer drug for OSCC therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:930920. [PMID: 35992794 PMCID: PMC9382286 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.930920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of cancer occurring in the oral and maxillofacial regions. Despite of the advances in the diagnosis and treatment, the overall 5-year survival rate has remained about 40%–50% in the past decades. Various nanotechnology-based carrier systems have been investigated for their potentials in the OSCC treatment. However, because of the lack of active targeting of tumors, their application is limited. Studies have shown that gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) are overexpressed on many human cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Herein, we aimed to develop a GRPR-targeted nano-graphene oxide (NGO) nanoprobe drug delivery system for OSCC therapy. DOX@NGO-BBN-AF750 was synthesized by the non-covalent bonding method to couple carboxylated NGO with BBN-AF750 (bombesin antagonist peptides conjugated to Alexa Fluor 750) and DOX (doxorubicin) through π-π and hydrogen bonding. Internalization and antitumor activities were carried out in human HSC-3 cancer cells. The tumor pH microenvironment was simulated to study the release of antitumor drug DOX from the DOX@NGO-ant BBN-AF750 complex under different pH conditions. DOX@NGO-BBN-AF750 showed internalization into HSC-3 cells. The IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) was 5 µg/ml for DOX@NGO-BBN-AF750 in HSC-3 cells. Furthermore, DOX@NGO-BBN-AF750 showed a pH-sensitive drug release rate, and a dose-dependent and pH-responsive cytotoxicity in HSC-3 cells. DOX@NGO-BBN-AF750 presents the characteristics ensuring a slow release of DOX from the nanoprobe, thereby protecting the drug from degradation and prolonging the half-life of the drug. This report provides a versatile strategy to achieving targeted and imaging-guided therapy of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Li, ; Lixin Ma, ; Jie Du,
| | - Ruifang Gao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yingjiao Zhao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- Research Division/Biomolecular Imaging Center, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Ran Li, ; Lixin Ma, ; Jie Du,
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Li, ; Lixin Ma, ; Jie Du,
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15
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Kurth J, Potratz M, Heuschkel M, Krause BJ, Schwarzenböck SM. GRPr Theranostics: Current Status of Imaging and Therapy using GRPr Targeting Radiopharmaceuticals. Nuklearmedizin 2022; 61:247-261. [PMID: 35668669 DOI: 10.1055/a-1759-4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Addressing molecular targets, that are overexpressed by various tumor entities, using radiolabeled molecules for a combined diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) approach is of increasing interest in oncology. The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr), which is part of the bombesin family, has shown to be overexpressed in a variety of tumors, therefore, serving as a promising target for those theranostic applications. A large amount of differently radiolabeled bombesin derivatives addressing the GRPr have been evaluated in the preclinical as well as clinical setting showing fast blood clearance and urinary excretion with selective GRPr-binding. Most of the available studies on GRPr-targeted imaging and therapy have evaluated the theranostic approach in prostate and breast cancer applying bombesin derivatives tagged with the predominantly used theranostic pair of 68Ga/177Lu which is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kurth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Madlin Potratz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Heuschkel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd J Krause
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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16
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Crișan G, Moldovean-Cioroianu NS, Timaru DG, Andrieș G, Căinap C, Chiș V. Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT Imaging: A Literature Review over the Last Decade. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095023. [PMID: 35563414 PMCID: PMC9103893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) uses radioactive tracers and enables the functional imaging of several metabolic processes, blood flow measurements, regional chemical composition, and/or chemical absorption. Depending on the targeted processes within the living organism, different tracers are used for various medical conditions, such as cancer, particular brain pathologies, cardiac events, and bone lesions, where the most commonly used tracers are radiolabeled with 18F (e.g., [18F]-FDG and NA [18F]). Oxygen-15 isotope is mostly involved in blood flow measurements, whereas a wide array of 11C-based compounds have also been developed for neuronal disorders according to the affected neuroreceptors, prostate cancer, and lung carcinomas. In contrast, the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) technique uses gamma-emitting radioisotopes and can be used to diagnose strokes, seizures, bone illnesses, and infections by gauging the blood flow and radio distribution within tissues and organs. The radioisotopes typically used in SPECT imaging are iodine-123, technetium-99m, xenon-133, thallium-201, and indium-111. This systematic review article aims to clarify and disseminate the available scientific literature focused on PET/SPECT radiotracers and to provide an overview of the conducted research within the past decade, with an additional focus on the novel radiopharmaceuticals developed for medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Crișan
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, County Clinical Hospital, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | | | - Diana-Gabriela Timaru
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
| | - Gabriel Andrieș
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, County Clinical Hospital, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Călin Căinap
- The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă”, Republicii 34-36, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Vasile Chiș
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Str. Fântânele 30, 400327 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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17
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Yuen R, West FG, Wuest F. Dual Probes for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Fluorescence Imaging (FI) of Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030645. [PMID: 35336019 PMCID: PMC8952779 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual probes that possess positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescence imaging (FI) capabilities are precision medicine tools that can be used to improve patient care and outcomes. Detecting tumor lesions using PET, an extremely sensitive technique, coupled with fluorescence-guided surgical resection of said tumor lesions can maximize the removal of cancerous tissue. The development of novel molecular probes is important for targeting different biomarkers as every individual case of cancer has different characteristics. This short review will discuss some aspects of dual PET/FI probes and explore the recently reported examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Yuen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (R.Y.); (F.G.W.)
| | - Frederick G. West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (R.Y.); (F.G.W.)
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (R.Y.); (F.G.W.)
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta—Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G IZ2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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18
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Radionuclide-Based Imaging of Breast Cancer: State of the Art. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215459. [PMID: 34771622 PMCID: PMC8582396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors, possessing high incidence and mortality rates that threaten women’s health. Thus, early and effective breast cancer diagnosis is crucial for enhancing the survival rate. Radionuclide molecular imaging displays its advantages for detecting breast cancer from a functional perspective. Noninvasive visualization of biological processes with radionuclide-labeled small metabolic compounds helps elucidate the metabolic state of breast cancer, while radionuclide-labeled ligands/antibodies for receptor-targeted radionuclide molecular imaging is sensitive and specific for visualization of the overexpressed molecular markers in breast cancer. This review focuses on the most recent developments of novel radiotracers as promising tools for early breast cancer diagnosis. Abstract Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that can affect women worldwide and endanger their health and wellbeing. Early detection of breast cancer can significantly improve the prognosis and survival rate of patients, but with traditional anatomical imagine methods, it is difficult to detect lesions before morphological changes occur. Radionuclide-based molecular imaging based on positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) displays its advantages for detecting breast cancer from a functional perspective. Radionuclide labeling of small metabolic compounds can be used for imaging biological processes, while radionuclide labeling of ligands/antibodies can be used for imaging receptors. Noninvasive visualization of biological processes helps elucidate the metabolic state of breast cancer, while receptor-targeted radionuclide molecular imaging is sensitive and specific for visualization of the overexpressed molecular markers in breast cancer, contributing to early diagnosis and better management of cancer patients. The rapid development of radionuclide probes aids the diagnosis of breast cancer in various aspects. These probes target metabolism, amino acid transporters, cell proliferation, hypoxia, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and so on. This article provides an overview of the development of radionuclide molecular imaging techniques present in preclinical or clinical studies, which are used as tools for early breast cancer diagnosis.
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19
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Hernandez Vargas S, Lin C, Tran Cao HS, Ikoma N, AghaAmiri S, Ghosh SC, Uselmann AJ, Azhdarinia A. Receptor-Targeted Fluorescence-Guided Surgery With Low Molecular Weight Agents. Front Oncol 2021; 11:674083. [PMID: 34277418 PMCID: PMC8279813 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.674083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer surgery remains the primary treatment option for most solid tumors and can be curative if all malignant cells are removed. Surgeons have historically relied on visual and tactile cues to maximize tumor resection, but clinical data suggest that relapse occurs partially due to incomplete cancer removal. As a result, the introduction of technologies that enhance the ability to visualize tumors in the operating room represents a pressing need. Such technologies have the potential to revolutionize the surgical standard-of-care by enabling real-time detection of surgical margins, subclinical residual disease, lymph node metastases and synchronous/metachronous tumors. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) in the near-infrared (NIRF) spectrum has shown tremendous promise as an intraoperative imaging modality. An increasing number of clinical studies have demonstrated that tumor-selective FGS agents can improve the predictive value of fluorescence over non-targeted dyes. Whereas NIRF-labeled macromolecules (i.e., antibodies) spearheaded the widespread clinical translation of tumor-selective FGS drugs, peptides and small-molecules are emerging as valuable alternatives. Here, we first review the state-of-the-art of promising low molecular weight agents that are in clinical development for FGS; we then discuss the significance, application and constraints of emerging tumor-selective FGS technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Servando Hernandez Vargas
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Therapeutics & Pharmacology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Hop S Tran Cao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Naruhiko Ikoma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Solmaz AghaAmiri
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sukhen C Ghosh
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Ali Azhdarinia
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Therapeutics & Pharmacology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
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20
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Böhmer VI, Szymanski W, Feringa BL, Elsinga PH. Multivalent Probes in Molecular Imaging: Reality or Future? Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:379-393. [PMID: 33436332 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly developing field of molecular medical imaging focuses on specific visualization of (patho)physiological processes through the application of imaging agents (IAs) in multiple clinical modalities. Although our understanding of the principles underlying efficient IAs design has increased tremendously, many IAs still show poor in vivo imaging performance because of low binding affinity and/or specificity. These limitations can be addressed by taking advantage of multivalency, in which multiple copies of a ligand are employed to strengthen the interaction. We critically address specific challenges associated with the application of multivalent compounds in molecular imaging, and we give directions for a stepwise approach to the design of multivalent imaging probes to improve their target binding and pharmacokinetics (PK) for improved diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena I Böhmer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands; Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AF, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AF, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AF, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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21
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He K, Chi C, Li D, Zhang J, Niu G, Lv F, Wang J, Che W, Zhang L, Ji N, Zhu Z, Tian J, Chen X. Resection and survival data from a clinical trial of glioblastoma multiforme-specific IRDye800-BBN fluorescence-guided surgery. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10182. [PMID: 33532584 PMCID: PMC7823121 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Supra-maximum surgical tumor resection without neurological damage is highly valuable for treatment and prognosis of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We developed a GBM-specific fluorescence probe using IRDye800CW (peak absorption/emission, 778/795 nm) and bombesin (BBN), which (IRDye800-BBN) targets the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, and evaluated the image-guided resection efficiency, sensitivity, specificity, and survivability. Twenty-nine patients with newly diagnosed GBM were enrolled. Sixteen hours preoperatively, IRDye800-BBN (1 mg in 20 ml sterile water) was intravenously administered. A customized fluorescence surgical navigation system was used intraoperatively. Postoperatively, enhanced magnetic resonance images were used to assess the residual tumor volume, calculate the resection extent, and confirm whether complete resection was achieved. Tumor tissues and nonfluorescent brain tissue in adjacent noneloquent boundary areas were harvested and assessed for diagnostic accuracy. Complete resection was achieved in 82.76% of patients. The median extent of resection was 100% (range, 90.6-100%). Eighty-nine samples were harvested, including 70 fluorescence-positive and 19 fluorescence-negative samples. The sensitivity and specificity of IRDye800-BBN were 94.44% (95% CI, 85.65-98.21%) and 88.24% (95% CI, 62.25-97.94%), respectively. Twenty-five patients were followed up (median, 13.5 [3.1-36.0] months), and 14 had died. The mean preoperative and immediate and 6-month postoperative Karnofsky performance scores were 77.9 ± 11.8, 71.3 ± 19.2, and 82.6 ± 14.7, respectively. The median overall and progression-free survival were 23.1 and 14.1 months, respectively. In conclusion, GBM-specific fluorescent IRDye800-BBN can help neurosurgeons identify the tumor boundary with sensitivity and specificity, and may improve survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunshan He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐Based Precision MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chongwei Chi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Deling Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC‐ND)BeijingChina
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Fangqiao Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenqiang Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC‐ND)BeijingChina
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC‐ND)BeijingChina
| | - Nan Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC‐ND)BeijingChina
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jie Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐Based Precision MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
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22
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Aloj L, Attili B, Lau D, Caraco C, Lechermann LM, Mendichovszky IA, Harper I, Cheow H, Casey RT, Sala E, Gilbert FJ, Gallagher FA. The emerging role of cell surface receptor and protein binding radiopharmaceuticals in cancer diagnostics and therapy. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:53-64. [PMID: 32563612 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Targeting specific cell membrane markers for both diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy is a rapidly evolving field in cancer research. Some of these applications have now found a role in routine clinical practice and have been shown to have a significant impact on patient management. Several molecular targets are being investigated in ongoing clinical trials and show promise for future implementation. Advancements in molecular biology have facilitated the identification of new cancer-specific targets for radiopharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Aloj
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Bala Attili
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Doreen Lau
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Corradina Caraco
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M Lechermann
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Iosif A Mendichovszky
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Harper
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Heok Cheow
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth T Casey
- Department of Endocrinology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Evis Sala
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona J Gilbert
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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23
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Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetric Analysis of [68Ga]Ga-RM2: A Potent GRPR Antagonist in Prostate Carcinoma Patients. RADIATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/radiation1010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
[68Ga]Ga-RM2 is a promising innovative positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for patients with primary or metastatic prostate carcinoma. This study aims to analyze the biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of [68Ga]Ga-RM2 in five prostate cancer patients. The percentages of injected activity in the source organs and blood samples were determined. Bone marrow residence time was calculated using an indirect blood-based method. OLINDA/EXM version 2.0 (Hermes Medical Solutions, Stockholm, Sweden) was used to determine residence times, organ absorbed and effective doses. Physiological uptake was seen in kidneys, urinary bladder, pancreas, stomach, spleen and liver. Blood clearance was fast and followed by rapid clearance of activity from kidneys resulting in high activity concentrations in the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder wall was the most irradiated organ with highest mean organ absorbed dose (0.470 mSv/MBq) followed by pancreas (0.124 mSv/MBq), stomach wall (0.063 mSv/MBq), kidneys (0.049 mSv/MBq) and red marrow (0.010 mSv/MBq). The effective dose was found to be 0.038 mSv/MBq. Organ absorbed doses were found to be comparable to other gallium-68 labelled GRPR antagonists and lower than [68Ga]Ga-PSMA with the exception of the urinary bladder, pancreas and stomach wall. Remarkable interindividual differences were observed for the organ absorbed doses. Therefore, [68Ga]Ga-RM2 is a safe diagnostic agent with a significantly lower kidney dose but higher pancreas and urinary bladder doses as compared to [68Ga]Ga-PSMA.
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24
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Liu P, Tu Y, Tao J, Liu Z, Wang F, Ma Y, Li Z, Han Z, Gu Y. GRPR-targeted SPECT imaging using a novel bombesin-based peptide for colorectal cancer detection. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6764-6772. [PMID: 33140758 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01432j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the prognosis of CRC is better with an earlier diagnosis. The presence of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) has been documented in very high numbers on colorectal cancer cells, which makes it an ideal biomarker for the diagnosis of CRC. Bombesin (BBN) peptide analogs have been extensively investigated for the imaging of human cancers with GRPR overexpression. Recently, we have reported a novel GRPR-targeted peptide named the GB-6 peptide. The GB-6 peptide based on BBN7-14 was designed to improve in vivo metabolic stability and decrease intestinal uptake. Meanwhile, GB-6 greatly retained the original GRPR-binding affinity of BBN7-14. In this study, the GB-6 peptide was labeled with radionuclide 99mTc or fluorescent dye for colorectal cancer imaging. In vitro receptor binding was studied in Caco-2 cells, and the GRPR targeting capacity and kinetics in vivo were evaluated using Caco-2 tumor xenografted mice models. In addition, cells and mice were also subjected to the corresponding BBN7-14 conjugations for comparison. The GB-6 peptide exhibited specific GRPR binding in vitro with a high affinity similar to that of BBN7-14. Furthermore, we observed that GB-6 showed higher tumor uptake and displayed lower intestinal activity than corresponding unmodified probe BBN7-14 in Caco-2 tumor-bearing mice. Overall, our studies demonstrated that GB-6 has the potential for early detection of CRC patients, and it may also serve as a valuable tool for non-invasive monitoring of colorectal tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China.
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25
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Quigley NG, Tomassi S, di Leva FS, Di Maro S, Richter F, Steiger K, Kossatz S, Marinelli L, Notni J. Click-Chemistry (CuAAC) Trimerization of an α v β 6 Integrin Targeting Ga-68-Peptide: Enhanced Contrast for in-Vivo PET Imaging of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Xenografts. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2836-2843. [PMID: 32359011 PMCID: PMC7586803 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
αv β6 Integrin is an epithelial transmembrane protein that recognizes latency-associated peptide (LAP) and primarily activates transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). It is overexpressed in carcinomas (most notably, pancreatic) and other conditions associated with αv β6 integrin-dependent TGF-β dysregulation, such as fibrosis. We have designed a trimeric Ga-68-labeled TRAP conjugate of the αv β6 -specific cyclic pentapeptide SDM17 (cyclo[RGD-Chg-E]-CONH2 ) to enhance αv β6 integrin affinity as well as target-specific in-vivo uptake. Ga-68-TRAP(SDM17)3 showed a 28-fold higher αv β6 affinity than the corresponding monomer Ga-68-NOTA-SDM17 (IC50 of 0.26 vs. 7.4 nM, respectively), a 13-fold higher IC50 -based selectivity over the related integrin αv β8 (factors of 662 vs. 49), and a threefold higher tumor uptake (2.1 vs. 0.66 %ID/g) in biodistribution experiments with H2009 tumor-bearing SCID mice. The remarkably high tumor/organ ratios (tumor-to-blood 11.2; -to-liver 8.7; -to-pancreas 29.7) enabled high-contrast tumor delineation in PET images. We conclude that Ga-68-TRAP(SDM17)3 holds promise for improved clinical PET diagnostics of carcinomas and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Gerard Quigley
- Institute of PathologyTechnische Universität MünchenTrogerstrasse 1881675MünchenGermany
| | - Stefano Tomassi
- Dipartimento di FarmaciaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIVia D. Montesano 4980131NapoliItaly
| | - Francesco Saverio di Leva
- Dipartimento di FarmaciaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIVia D. Montesano 4980131NapoliItaly
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Via A. Vivaldi 4381100CasertaItaly
| | - Frauke Richter
- Institute of PathologyTechnische Universität MünchenTrogerstrasse 1881675MünchenGermany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of PathologyTechnische Universität MünchenTrogerstrasse 1881675MünchenGermany
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin and TranslaTUMCentral Institute for Translational Cancer ResearchTechnische Universität MünchenIsmaninger Str. 2281675MünchenGermany
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Dipartimento di FarmaciaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIVia D. Montesano 4980131NapoliItaly
| | - Johannes Notni
- Institute of PathologyTechnische Universität MünchenTrogerstrasse 1881675MünchenGermany
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26
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Ebenhan T, Kleynhans J, Zeevaart JR, Jeong JM, Sathekge M. Non-oncological applications of RGD-based single-photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography agents. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:1414-1433. [PMID: 32918574 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-invasive imaging techniques (especially single-photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography) apply several RGD-based imaging ligands developed during a vast number of preclinical and clinical investigations. The RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequence is a binding moiety for a large selection of adhesive extracellular matrix and cell surface proteins. Since the first identification of this sequence as the shortest sequence required for recognition in fibronectin during the 1980s, fundamental research regarding the molecular mechanisms of integrin action have paved the way for development of several pharmaceuticals and radiopharmaceuticals with clinical applications. Ligands recognizing RGD may be developed for use in the monitoring of these interactions (benign or pathological). Although RGD-based molecular imaging has been actively investigated for oncological purposes, their utilization towards non-oncology applications remains relatively under-exploited. METHODS AND SCOPE This review highlights the new non-oncologic applications of RGD-based tracers (with the focus on single-photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography). The focus is on the last 10 years of scientific literature (2009-2020). It is proposed that these imaging agents will be used for off-label indications that may provide options for disease monitoring where there are no approved tracers available, for instance Crohn's disease or osteoporosis. Fundamental science investigations have made progress in elucidating the involvement of integrin in various diseases not pertaining to oncology. Furthermore, RGD-based radiopharmaceuticals have been evaluated extensively for safety during clinical evaluations of various natures. CONCLUSION Clinical translation of non-oncological applications for RGD-based radiopharmaceuticals and other imaging tracers without going through time-consuming extensive development is therefore highly plausible. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ebenhan
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa. .,Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, NPC, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Janke Kleynhans
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, NPC, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, NPC, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,DST/NWU Preclinical Drug Development Platform, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Jae Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehangno Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Mike Sathekge
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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27
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Lau J, Rousseau E, Kwon D, Lin KS, Bénard F, Chen X. Insight into the Development of PET Radiopharmaceuticals for Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1312. [PMID: 32455729 PMCID: PMC7281377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While the development of positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals closely follows that of traditional drug development, there are several key considerations in the chemical and radiochemical synthesis, preclinical assessment, and clinical translation of PET radiotracers. As such, we outline the fundamentals of radiotracer design, with respect to the selection of an appropriate pharmacophore. These concepts will be reinforced by exemplary cases of PET radiotracer development, both with respect to their preclinical and clinical evaluation. We also provide a guideline for the proper selection of a radionuclide and the appropriate labeling strategy to access a tracer with optimal imaging qualities. Finally, we summarize the methodology of their evaluation in in vitro and animal models and the road to clinical translation. This review is intended to be a primer for newcomers to the field and give insight into the workflow of developing radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lau
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Etienne Rousseau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Daniel Kwon
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (D.K.); (K.-S.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (D.K.); (K.-S.L.); (F.B.)
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (D.K.); (K.-S.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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28
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Shahsavari S, Shaghaghi Z, Abedi SM, Hosseinimehr SJ. Evaluation of 99mTc-HYNIC-(ser)3-LTVPWY peptide for glioblastoma imaging. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:502-509. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1704906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Shahsavari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Shaghaghi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Clinical Development Research Unit of Farshchian Heart Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Abedi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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29
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Moreau A, Febvey O, Mognetti T, Frappaz D, Kryza D. Contribution of Different Positron Emission Tomography Tracers in Glioma Management: Focus on Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1134. [PMID: 31737567 PMCID: PMC6839136 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rare, glioblastomas account for the majority of primary brain lesions, with a dreadful prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the imaging method providing the higher resolution. However, it does not always succeed in distinguishing recurrences from non-specific temozolomide, have been shown to improve -related changes caused by the combination of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, also called pseudoprogression. Strenuous attempts to overcome this issue is highly required for these patients with a short life expectancy for both ethical and economic reasons. Additional reliable information may be obtained from positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The development of this technique, along with the emerging of new classes of tracers, can help in the diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of therapies. We reviewed the current data about the commonly used tracers, such as 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and radiolabeled amino acids, as well as different PET tracers recently investigated, to report their strengths, limitations, and relevance in glioblastoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David Kryza
- UNIV Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LAGEPP UMR 5007 CNRS Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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30
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First-in-human dosimetry of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonist [ 177Lu]Lu-RM2: a radiopharmaceutical for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 47:123-135. [PMID: 31482426 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Besides PSMA, prostate cancer cells also express gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr) which is therefore a promising target for theranostic approaches. The high affinity GRPr antagonist RM2 can be labeled with beta-emitting radiometals for therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study was to calculate absorbed doses for critical organs and tumor lesions for [177Lu]Lu-RM2 therapy administered in a group of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients who had insufficient PSMA expression or showed lower PSMA accumulation after previous cycles of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 therapy. METHODS Thirty-five patients suffering from mCRPC without further treatment options for approved therapies were examined with [68Ga]Ga-RM2-PET/CT. Out of these, 4 patients (mean age 68 years) were treated with [177Lu]Lu-RM2; two of these also received a 2nd therapy cycle. Mean activity was 4.5 ± 0.9 GBq. For dosimetry, patients underwent planar WB-scintigraphy and SPECT/CT imaging of the upper and lower abdomen at approximately 1, 24, 48, and 72 h p.i. along with blood sampling. Absorbed doses for kidneys, pancreas, liver, spleen, gallbladder wall, and tumor lesions were derived based on quantitative SPECT/CT according to RADAR dosimetry scheme; individual organ masses were extracted from CT. Absorbed dose to bone marrow was calculated based on serial whole-body images and blood sampling according to the EANM guideline. RESULTS Therapy was well tolerated by all patients and no side effects were observed. An increased uptake in tumor lesions and the pancreas was seen within the first 1 h. Mean absorbed organ doses were 1.08 ± 0.44 Gy/GBq in the pancreas, 0.35 ± 0.14 Gy/GBq in the kidneys, 0.05 ± 0.02 Gy/GBq in the liver, 0.07 ± 0.02 Gy/GBq in the gallbladder wall, 0.10 ± 0.06 Gy/GBq in the spleen, and 0.02 ± 0.01 Gy/GBq for the red bone marrow. The mean dose for tumor lesions was 6.20 ± 3.00 Gy/GBq. CONCLUSIONS Application of GRPr antagonist [177Lu]Lu-RM2 is suitable for targeted radiotherapy of mCRPC as it shows high tumor uptake and rapid clearance from normal organs. Absorbed doses in tumor lesions are therapeutically relevant. The critical organ receiving the highest absorbed dose was the pancreas. Results suggest that the activity administered for each cycle could be increased to maximize the absorbed dose of tumors and metastases.
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31
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Zhang J, Tian Y, Li D, Niu G, Lang L, Li F, Liu Y, Zhu Z, Chen X. 68Ga-NOTA-Aca-BBN(7-14) PET imaging of GRPR in children with optic pathway glioma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:2152-2162. [PMID: 31270559 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Optic pathway glioma (OPG) is a rare neoplasm that arises predominantly during childhood. Its location in a sensitive region involving the optic pathways, onset in young patients and controversial therapy choice make the management of OPG a challenge in paediatric neuro-oncology. In this study we assessed gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in children with OPG, and the application of a PET/MRI imaging-guided surgery navigation platform. METHODS Eight children (five boys, mean age 8.81 years, range 5-14 years) with suspicion of optic pathway glioma on MRI were recruited. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and legal guardians. Brain PET/CT or PET/MRI acquisitions were performed 30 min after intravenous injection of 1.85 MBq/kg body weight of 68Ga-NOTA-Aca-BBN(7-14). Four patients also underwent 18F-FDG brain PET/CT for comparison. All patients underwent surgical resection within 1 week. RESULTS All 11 lesions (100%) in the eight patients showed prominent 68Ga-NOTA-Aca-BBN(7-14) uptake with excellent contrast in relation to surrounding normal brain tissue. Tumour-to-background ratios (SUVmax and SUVmean) were significantly higher for 68Ga-NOTA-Aca-BBN(7-14) than for 18F-FDG (28.4 ± 5.59 vs. 0.47 ± 0.11 and 18.3 ± 4.99 vs. 0.35 ± 0.07, respectively). Fusion images for tumour delineation were obtained in all patients using the PET/MRI navigation platform. All lesions were pathologically confirmed as OPGs with positive GRPR expression, and 75% were pilocytic astrocytoma WHO grade I and 25% were diffuse astrocytoma WHO grade II. There was a positive correlation between the SUV of 68Ga-NOTA-Aca-BBN(7-14) and the expression level of GRPR (r2 = 0.56, P < 0.01, for SUVmax; r2 = 0.47, P < 0.05, for SUVmean). CONCLUSION This prospective study showed the feasibility of 68Ga-NOTA-Aca-BBN(7-14) PET in children with OPG for tumour detection and localization. 68Ga-NOTA-Aca-BBN(7-14) PET/MRI may be helpful for assisting surgery planning in OPG patients with severe symptoms, GRPR-targeted PET has the potential to provide imaging guidance for further GRPR-targeted therapy in patients with OPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and PUMC, Beijing, 100730, China.,THERANOSTICS Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, 99437, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Yongji Tian
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Deling Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lixin Lang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and PUMC, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and PUMC, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Zhang J, Singh A, Kulkarni HR, Schuchardt C, Müller D, Wester HJ, Maina T, Rösch F, van der Meulen NP, Müller C, Mäcke H, Baum RP. From Bench to Bedside-The Bad Berka Experience With First-in-Human Studies. Semin Nucl Med 2019; 49:422-437. [PMID: 31470935 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Precision oncology is being driven by rapid advances in novel diagnostics and therapeutic interventions, with treatments targeted to the needs of individual patients on the basis of genetic, biomarker, phenotypic, or psychosocial characteristics that distinguish a given patient from other patients with similar clinical presentations. Inherent in the theranostics paradigm is the assumption that diagnostic test results can precisely determine whether an individual is likely to benefit from a specific treatment. As part and integral in the current era of precision oncology, theranostics in the context of nuclear medicine aims to identify the appropriate molecular targets in neoplasms (diagnostic tool), so that the optimal ligands and radionuclides (therapeutic tool) with favorable labeling chemistry can be selected for personalized management of a specific disease, taking into consideration the specific patient, and subsequently monitor treatment response. Over the past two decades, the use of gallium-68 labeled peptides for somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-targeted PET/CT (or PET/MRI) imaging followed by lutetium-177 and yttrium-90 labeled SSTR-agonist for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy has demonstrated remarkable success in the management of neuroendocrine neoplasms, and paved the way to other indications of theranostics. Rapid advances are being made in the development of other peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals, small molecular-weight ligands and with newer radioisotopes with more favorable kinetics, potentially useful for theranostics strategies for the clinical application. The present review features the Bad Berka experience with first-in-human studies of new radiopharmaceuticals, for example, prostate-specific membrane antigen ligand, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, neurotensin receptor 1 ligand, novel SSTR-targeting peptides and nonpeptide, and bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. Also new radioisotopes, for example, actinium (225Ac), copper (64Cu), scandium (44Sc), and terbium (152Tb/161Tb) will be discussed briefly demonstrating the development from basic science to precision oncology in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- THERANOSTICS Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Aviral Singh
- THERANOSTICS Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Harshad R Kulkarni
- THERANOSTICS Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Christiane Schuchardt
- THERANOSTICS Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Dirk Müller
- THERANOSTICS Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Hans-J Wester
- Institute for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Theodosia Maina
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Frank Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; (
- )Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Mäcke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Richard P Baum
- THERANOSTICS Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany.
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Akbar MJ, Lukasewicz Ferreira PC, Giorgetti M, Stokes L, Morris CJ. Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:2553-2562. [PMID: 31921534 PMCID: PMC6941431 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Gastrin-releasing peptide is a member of the bombesin family of peptides. Its cognate receptor, gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), is widely expressed in cancers of the lung, pancreas and ovaries. Gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) is an autocrine growth factor in small cell lung cancer, which has very poor patient outcomes. High affinity antagonist peptides have been developed for in vivo cancer imaging. In this report we decorated pegylated liposomes with a GRPR antagonist peptide and studied its interaction with, and accumulation within, lung cancer cells. Results: An N-terminally cysteine modified GRPR antagonist (termed cystabn) was synthesised and shown to inhibit cell growth in vitro. Cystabn was used to prepare a targeted 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG2000) lipid conjugate that was formulated into liposomes. The liposomes displayed desirable colloidal properties and good stability under storage conditions. Flow cytometric and microscopic studies showed that fluorescently labelled cystabn-decorated liposomes accumulated more extensively in GRPR over-expressing cells than matched liposomes that contained no cystabn targeting motif. Conclusion: The use of GRPR antagonistic peptides for nanoparticle targeting has potential for enhancing drug accumulation in resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leanne Stokes
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Gnesin S, Cicone F, Mitsakis P, Van der Gucht A, Baechler S, Miralbell R, Garibotto V, Zilli T, Prior JO. First in-human radiation dosimetry of the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor antagonist 68Ga-NODAGA-MJ9. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:108. [PMID: 30543050 PMCID: PMC6291411 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonists have promise in theranostics of several highly incident tumours, including prostate and breast. This study presents the first human dosimetry of 68Ga-NODAGA-MJ9 in the first five consecutive patients with recurrent prostate cancer included in a dual-tracer positron emission tomography (PET) protocol. Five male patients with biochemical relapse of prostate adenocarcinoma underwent four whole-body time-of-flight PET/CT scans within 2 h after tracer injection. To be used as input in OLINDA/EXM 2.0, time-integrated activity coefficients were derived from manually drawn regions of interest over the following body regions: brain, thyroid, lungs, heart, liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, kidneys, adrenals, red marrow, pancreas, intestines, urinary bladder and whole body. Organ absorbed doses and effective dose (ED) were calculated with OLINDA/EXM 2.0 using the NURBS voxelized phantoms adjusted to the ICRP-89 organ masses and ICRP103 tissue-weighting factors. Additional absorbed dose estimations were performed with OLINDA/EXM 1.1 to be comparable with similar previous publications. Results The body regions receiving the highest absorbed doses were the pancreas, the urinary bladder wall, the small intestine and the kidneys (260, 69.8, 38.8 and 34.8 μGy/MBq respectively). The ED considering a 30-min urinary voiding cycle was 17.6 μSv/MBq in male patients. The increment of voiding time interval produced a significant increase of absorbed doses in bladder, prostate and testes, as well as an increase of ED. ED also increased if calculated with OLINDA/EXM 1.1. These results have been discussed in view of similar publications on bombesin analogues or on other commonly used theranostic peptides. Conclusions The pancreas is the most irradiated organ after the injection of 68Ga-NODAGA-MJ9, followed by the urinary bladder wall, the small intestine and the kidneys. ED is in the same range of other common 68Ga-labelled peptides. Differences with similarly published studies on bombesin analogues exist, and are mainly dependent on the methodology used for absorbed dose calculations. Trial registration Clinicaltrial.Gov identifier: NCT02111954, posted on 11/042014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13550-018-0462-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Gnesin
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Grand-Pré 1, 1007, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Francesco Cicone
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Periklis Mitsakis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Axel Van der Gucht
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Baechler
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Grand-Pré 1, 1007, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raymond Miralbell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Geneva and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Geneva and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Zilli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Geneva and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - John O Prior
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Li D, Zhang J, Chi C, Xiao X, Wang J, Lang L, Ali I, Niu G, Zhang L, Tian J, Ji N, Zhu Z, Chen X. First-in-human study of PET and optical dual-modality image-guided surgery in glioblastoma using 68Ga-IRDye800CW-BBN. Theranostics 2018; 8:2508-2520. [PMID: 29721096 PMCID: PMC5928906 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Despite the use of fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS), maximum safe resection of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains a major challenge. It has restricted surgeons between preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative treatment. Currently, an integrated approach combining preoperative assessment with intraoperative guidance would be a significant step in this direction. Experimental design: We developed a novel 68Ga-IRDye800CW-BBN PET/near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) dual-modality imaging probe targeting gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in GBM. The preclinical in vivo tumor imaging and FGS were first evaluated using an orthotopic U87MG glioma xenograft model. Subsequently, the first-in-human prospective cohort study (NCT 02910804) of GBM patients were conducted with preoperative PET assessment and intraoperative FGS. Results: The orthotopic tumors in mice could be precisely resected using the near-infrared intraoperative system. Translational cohort research in 14 GBM patients demonstrated an excellent correlation between preoperative positive PET uptake and intraoperative NIRF signal. The tumor fluorescence signals were significantly higher than those from adjacent brain tissue in vivo and ex vivo (p < 0.0001). Compared with pathology, the sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence using 42 loci of fluorescence-guided sampling were 93.9% (95% CI 79.8%-99.3%) and 100% (95% CI 66.4%-100%), respectively. The tracer was safe and the extent of resection was satisfactory without newly developed neurologic deficits. Progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months was 80% and two newly diagnosed patients achieved long PFS. Conclusions: This initial study has demonstrated that the novel dual-modality imaging technique is feasible for integrated pre- and intraoperative targeted imaging via the same molecular receptor and improved intraoperative GBM visualization and maximum safe resection.
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Burvenich IJG, Parakh S, Parslow AC, Lee ST, Gan HK, Scott AM. Receptor Occupancy Imaging Studies in Oncology Drug Development. AAPS JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cheng S, Lang L, Wang Z, Jacobson O, Yung B, Zhu G, Gu D, Ma Y, Zhu X, Niu G, Chen X. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Prostate Cancer with Ga-68-Labeled Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Agonist BBN 7-14 and Antagonist RM26. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:410-419. [PMID: 29254329 PMCID: PMC5824342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Radiolabeled
bombesin (BBN) analogs have long been used for developing
gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) targeted imaging probes,
and tracers with excellent in vivo performance including high tumor
uptake, high contrast, and favorable pharmacokinetics are highly desired.
In this study, we compared the 68Ga-labeled GRPR agonist
(Gln–Trp–Ala–Val–Gly–His–Leu–Met–NH2, BBN7–14) and antagonist (d-Phe–Gln–Trp–Ala–Val–Gly–His–Sta–Leu–NH2, RM26) for the positron emission tomography (PET) imaging
of prostate cancer. The in vitro stabilities, receptor binding, cell
uptake, internalization, and efflux properties of the probes 68Ga–1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA)–Aca–BBN7–14 and 68Ga–NOTA–poly(ethylene
glycol)3 (PEG3)–RM26 were studied in
PC-3 cells, and the in vivo GRPR targeting abilities and kinetics
were investigated using PC-3 tumor xenografted mice. BBN7–14, PEG3-RM26, NOTA–Aca–BBN7–14, and NOTA–PEG3–RM26 showed similar binding
affinity to GRPR. In PC-3 tumor-bearing mice, the tumor uptake of 68Ga–NOTA–PEG3–RM26 remained
at around 3.00 percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue within
1 h after injection, in contrast with 68Ga–NOTA–Aca–BBN7–14, which demonstrated rapid elimination and high
background signal. Additionally, the majority of the 68Ga–NOTA–PEG3–RM26 remained intact
in mouse serum at 5 min after injection, while almost all of the 68Ga–NOTA–Aca–BBN7–14 was degraded under the same conditions, demonstrating more-favorable
in vivo pharmacokinetic properties and metabolic stabilities of the
antagonist probe relative to its agonist counterpart. Overall, the
antagonistic GRPR targeted probe 68Ga–NOTA–PEG3–RM26 is a more-promising candidate than the agonist 68Ga–NOTA–Aca–BBN7–14 for the PET imaging of prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430000, PR China.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Lixin Lang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhantong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Orit Jacobson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Bryant Yung
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Dongyu Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ying Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Zhang J, Mao F, Niu G, Peng L, Lang L, Li F, Ying H, Wu H, Pan B, Zhu Z, Chen X. 68Ga-BBN-RGD PET/CT for GRPR and Integrin α vβ 3 Imaging in Patients with Breast Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1121-1130. [PMID: 29464003 PMCID: PMC5817114 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study was to assess a gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and integrin αvβ3 dual targeting tracer 68Ga-BBN-RGD for positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging of breast cancer and metastasis. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two female patients were recruited either with suspected breast cancer on screening mammography (n = 16) or underwent breast cancer radical mastectomy (n = 6). All the 22 patients underwent PET/CT at 30-45 min after intravenous injection of 68Ga-BBN-RGD. Eleven out of 22 patients also accepted 68Ga-BBN PET/CT within 2 weeks for comparison. A final diagnosis was made based on the histopathologic examination of surgical excision or biopsy. Results: Both the primary cancer and metastases showed positive 68Ga-BBN-RGD accumulation. The T/B ratios of 68Ga-BBN-RGD accumulation were 2.10 to 9.44 in primary cancer and 1.10 to 3.71 in axillary lymph node metastasis, 3.80 to 10.7 in distant lymph nodes, 2.70 to 5.35 in lung metastasis and 3.17 to 22.8 in bone metastasis, respectively. For primary lesions, the SUVmax from 68Ga-BBN-RGD PET in ER positive group was higher than that in ER negative group (P < 0.01). For both primary and metastatic lesions, SUVmean quantified from 68Ga-BBN-RGD PET correlated well with both GRPR expression and integrin αvβ3 expression. Conclusion: This study demonstrated significant uptake of a new type of dual integrin αvβ3 and GRPR targeting radiotracer in both the primary lesion and the metastases of breast cancer. 68Ga-BBN-RGD PET/CT may be of great value in discerning both primary breast cancers, axillary lymph node metastasis and distant metastases.
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Zhang J, Niu G, Fan X, Lang L, Hou G, Chen L, Wu H, Zhu Z, Li F, Chen X. PET Using a GRPR Antagonist 68Ga-RM26 in Healthy Volunteers and Prostate Cancer Patients. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:922-928. [PMID: 29123014 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.198929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to analyze the safety, biodistribution, and radiation dosimetry of a gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) antagonist PET tracer, 68Ga-RM26; to assess its clinical diagnostic value in prostate cancer patients; and to perform a direct comparison between GRPR antagonist 68Ga-RM26 and agonist 68Ga-BBN. Methods: Five healthy volunteers were enrolled to validate the safety of 68Ga-RM26 and calculate dosimetry. A total of 28 patients with prostate cancer (17 newly diagnosed and 11 posttherapy) were recruited and provided written informed consent. All the cancer patients underwent PET/CT at 15-30 min after intravenous injection of 1.85 MBq (0.05 mCi) per kilogram of body weight of 68Ga-RM26. Among them, 22 patients (11 newly diagnosed and 11 posttherapy) underwent 68Ga-BBN PET/CT for comparison within 1 wk. 99mTc-MDP (methylene diphosphonate) bone scans were obtained within 2 wk for comparison. GRPR immunohistochemical staining of tumor samples was performed. Results: The administration of 68Ga-M26 was well tolerated by all subjects, with no adverse symptoms being noticed or reported during the procedure and at 2-wk follow-up. The total effective dose equivalent and effective dose were 0.0912 ± 0.0140 and 0.0657 ± 0.0124 mSv/MBq, respectively. In the 17 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, 68Ga-RM26 PET/CT showed positive prostate-confined findings in 15 tumors with an SUVmax of 6.49 ± 2.37. In the 11 patients who underwent prostatectomy or brachytherapy with or without androgen deprivation therapy, 68Ga-RM26 PET/CT detected 8 metastatic lymph nodes in 3 patients with an SUVmax of 4.28 ± 1.25 and 21 bone lesions in 8 patients with an SUVmax of 3.90 ± 3.07. Compared with 68Ga-RM26 PET/CT, GRPR agonist 68Ga-BBN PET/CT detected fewer primary lesions and lymph node metastases as well as demonstrated lower tracer accumulation. There was a significant positive correlation between SUV derived from 68Ga-RM26 PET and the expression level of GRPR (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study indicates the safety and significant efficiency of GRPR antagonist 68Ga-RM26. 68Ga-RM26 PET/CT would have remarkable value in detecting both primary prostate cancer and metastasis. 68Ga-RM26 is also expected to be better than GRPR agonist as an imaging marker to evaluate GRPR expression in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & PUMC, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xinrong Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & PUMC, Beijing, China; and
| | - Lixin Lang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Guozhu Hou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & PUMC, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & PUMC, Beijing, China .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & PUMC, Beijing, China .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & PUMC, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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Abstract
Diagnosis of deep-seated bacterial infection is difficult, as neither standard anatomical imaging nor radiolabeled, autologous leukocytes distinguish sterile inflammation from infection. Two recent imaging efforts are receiving attention: (1) radioactive derivatives of sorbitol show good specificity with Gram-negative bacterial infections, and (2) success in combining anatomical and functional imaging for cancer diagnosis has rekindled interest in 99mTc-fluoroquinolone-based imaging. With the latter, computed tomography (CT) would be combined with single-photon-emission-computed tomography (SPECT) to detect 99mTc-fluoroquinolone-bacterial interactions. The present minireview provides a framework for advancing fluoroquinolone-based imaging by identifying gaps in our understanding of the process. One issue is the reliance of 99mTc labeling on the reduction of sodium pertechnetate, which can lead to colloid formation and loss of specificity. Specificity problems may be reduced by altering the quinolone structure (for example, switching from ciprofloxacin to sitafloxacin). Another issue is the uncharacterized nature of 99mTc-ciprofloxacin binding to, or sequestration in, bacteria: specific interactions with DNA gyrase, an intracellular fluoroquinolone target, are unlikely. Labeling with 68Ga rather than 99mTc enables detection by positron emission tomography, but with similar biological uncertainties. Replacing the C6-F of the fluoroquinolone with 18F provides an alternative to pertechnetate and gallium that may lead to imaging based on drug interactions with gyrase. Gyrase-based imaging requires knowledge of fluoroquinolone action, which we update. We conclude that quinolone-based probes show promise for the diagnosis of infection, but improvements in specificity and sensitivity are needed. These improvements include the optimization of the quinolone structure; such chemistry efforts can be accelerated by refining microbiological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ali Raza Naqvi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan
| | - Karl Drlica
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Science, Newark NJ USA
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Science, Newark, NJ USA
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Kopka K, Benešová M, Bařinka C, Haberkorn U, Babich J. Glu-Ureido-Based Inhibitors of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen: Lessons Learned During the Development of a Novel Class of Low-Molecular-Weight Theranostic Radiotracers. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:17S-26S. [PMID: 28864607 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.186775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several radioligands targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have been clinically introduced as a new class of theranostic radiopharmaceuticals for the treatment of prostate cancer (PC). In the second decade of the 21st century, a new era in nuclear medicine was initiated by the clinical introduction of small-molecule PSMA inhibitor radioligands, 40 y after the clinical introduction of 18F-FDG. Because of the high incidence and mortality of PC, the new PSMA radioligands have already had a remarkable impact on the clinical management of PC. For the continuing clinical development and long-term success of theranostic agents, designing modern prospective clinical trials in theranostic nuclear medicine is essential. First-in-human studies with PSMA radioligands derived from small-molecule PSMA inhibitors showed highly sensitive imaging of PSMA-positive PC by means of PET and SPECT as well as a dramatic response of metastatic castration-resistant PC after PSMA radioligand therapy. This tremendous success logically led to the initiation of prospective clinical trials with several PSMA radioligands. Meanwhile, MIP-1404, PSMA-11, 2-(3-{1-carboxy-5-[(6-fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid (DCFPyL), PSMA-617, PSMA-1007, and others have entered or will enter prospective clinical trials soon in several countries. The significance becomes apparent by, for example, the considerable increase in the number of publications about PSMA-targeted PET imaging from 2013 to 2016 (e.g., a search of the Web of Science for "PSMA" AND "PET" found only 19 publications in 2013 but 218 in 2016). Closer examination of the initial success of PC treatment with PSMA inhibitor radiotracers leads to several questions from the basic research perspective as well as from the perspective of clinical demands: What lessons have been learned regarding the design of PSMA radioligands that have already been developed? Has an acceptable compromise between optimal PSMA radioligand design and a broad range of clinical demands been reached? Can the lessons learned from multiple successes within the PSMA experience be transferred to further theranostic approaches?
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Kopka
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Benešová
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Bařinka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, Prumyslova, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Heidelberg, INF 400, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - John Babich
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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Zhang J, Niu G, Lang L, Li F, Fan X, Yan X, Yao S, Yan W, Huo L, Chen L, Li Z, Zhu Z, Chen X. Clinical Translation of a Dual Integrin αvβ3- and Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor-Targeting PET Radiotracer, 68Ga-BBN-RGD. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:228-234. [PMID: 27493267 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.177048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to document the first-in-human application of a 68Ga-labeled heterodimeric peptide BBN-RGD (bombesin-RGD) that targets both integrin αvβ3 and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). We evaluated the safety and assessed the clinical diagnostic value of 68Ga-BBN-RGD PET/CT in prostate cancer patients in comparison with 68Ga-BBN. METHODS Five healthy volunteers (4 men and 1 woman; age range, 28-53 y) were enrolled to validate the safety of 68Ga-BBN-RGD. Dosimetry was calculated using the OLINDA/EXM software. Thirteen patients with prostate cancer (4 newly diagnosed and 9 posttherapy) were enrolled. All the patients underwent PET/CT scans 15-30 min after intravenous injection of 1.85 MBq (0.05 mCi) per kilogram of body weight of 68Ga-BBN-RGD and also accepted 68Ga-BBN PET/CT within 2 wk for comparison. RESULTS With a mean injected dose of 107.3 ± 14.8 MBq per patient, no side effect was found during the whole procedure and 2 wk follow-up, demonstrating the safety of 68Ga-BBN-RGD. A patient would be exposed to a radiation dose of 2.90 mSv with an injected dose of 129.5 MBq (3.5 mCi), which is much lower than the dose limit set by the Food and Drug Administration. In 13 patients with prostate cancer diagnosed by biopsy, 68Ga-BBN-RGD PET/CT detected 3 of 4 primary tumors, 14 metastatic lymph nodes, and 20 bone lesions with an SUVmax of 4.46 ± 0.50, 6.26 ± 2.95, and 4.84 ± 1.57, respectively. Only 2 of 4 primary tumors, 5 lymph nodes, and 12 bone lesions were positive on 68Ga-BBN PET/CT, with the SUVmax of 2.98 ± 1.24, 4.17 ± 1.89, and 3.61 ± 1.85, respectively. CONCLUSION This study indicates the safety and efficiency of a new type of dual integrin αvβ3- and GRPR-targeting PET radiotracer in prostate cancer diagnosis and staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China .,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lixin Lang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinrong Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shaobo Yao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weigang Yan
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; and
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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Moreno P, Ramos-Álvarez I, Moody TW, Jensen RT. Bombesin related peptides/receptors and their promising therapeutic roles in cancer imaging, targeting and treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1055-73. [PMID: 26981612 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1164694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite remarkable advances in tumor treatment, many patients still die from common tumors (breast, prostate, lung, CNS, colon, and pancreas), and thus, new approaches are needed. Many of these tumors synthesize bombesin (Bn)-related peptides and over-express their receptors (BnRs), hence functioning as autocrine-growth-factors. Recent studies support the conclusion that Bn-peptides/BnRs are well-positioned for numerous novel antitumor treatments, including interrupting autocrine-growth and the use of over-expressed receptors for imaging and targeting cytotoxic-compounds, either by direct-coupling or combined with nanoparticle-technology. AREAS COVERED The unique ability of common neoplasms to synthesize, secrete, and show a growth/proliferative/differentiating response due to BnR over-expression, is reviewed, both in general and with regard to the most frequently investigated neoplasms (breast, prostate, lung, and CNS). Particular attention is paid to advances in the recent years. Also considered are the possible therapeutic approaches to the growth/differentiation effect of Bn-peptides, as well as the therapeutic implication of the frequent BnR over-expression for tumor-imaging and/or targeted-delivery. EXPERT OPINION Given that Bn-related-peptides/BnRs are so frequently ectopically-expressed by common tumors, which are often malignant and become refractory to conventional treatments, therapeutic interventions using novel approaches to Bn-peptides and receptors are being explored. Of particular interest is the potential of reproducing with BnRs in common tumors the recent success of utilizing overexpression of somatostatin-receptors by neuroendocrine-tumors to provide the most sensitive imaging methods and targeted delivery of cytotoxic-compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Moreno
- a Digestive Diseases Branch, Cell Biology Section, NIDDK , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Irene Ramos-Álvarez
- a Digestive Diseases Branch, Cell Biology Section, NIDDK , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Terry W Moody
- b Center for Cancer Research, Office of the Director , NCI, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- a Digestive Diseases Branch, Cell Biology Section, NIDDK , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Czernin J, Mankoff D. Introduction and Overview. J Nucl Med 2016; 57 Suppl 1:1S-2S. [PMID: 26834097 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.157818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Czernin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - David Mankoff
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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