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Hirano S, Sugiyama A, Arai K. Noradrenergic Pathway to the Cerebellum: the Study Must Go On. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:1052-1054. [PMID: 36149525 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In 1967, Andén, Fuxe, and Ungerstedt demonstrated the presence of monoamine-containing fibers in the rat cerebellum. Over the past 50 years, this finding has provided clinical relevance of the noradrenergic system to the cerebellum. Cerebellar dysfunction and noradrenergic system may relate to tremor in Parkinson disease and essential tremor, motor learning, and the vestibulo-ocular reflex in spinocerebellar ataxias. Cognition and emotion may also be linked to the cerebellar noradrenergic system, in relation to the symptoms of Alzheimer disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Despite recent technological advances in neuroimaging for evaluating the noradrenergic system, we need more evidence to understand the precise pathophysiological relationship between the cerebellum and the noradrenergic system and its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Atsuhiko Sugiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kimihito Arai
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi National Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Sakai T, Hattori S, Ogata A, Yamada T, Abe J, Ikenuma H, Ichise M, Suzuki M, Ito K, Kato T, Kimura Y. Noradrenaline transporter PET reflects neurotoxin-induced noradrenaline level decrease in the rat hippocampus. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:82. [PMID: 37713137 PMCID: PMC10504202 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuropathological changes of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) include neurodegenerative loss of noradrenaline neurons in the locus coeruleus with decreasing noradrenaline availability in their projection areas such as the hippocampus. This diminishing noradrenaline availability is thought to play an important role pathophysiologically in the development of cognitive impairment in AD, because noradrenaline is not only essential for maintaining cognitive functions such as memory, learning and attention, but also its anti-inflammatory action, where its lack is known to accelerate the progression of AD in the mouse model. Therefore, the availability of in vivo biomarkers of the integrity of noradrenaline neurons may be beneficial for furthering our understanding of the role played by the noradrenaline system in the progressive cognitive dysfunction seen in AD patients. In this study, we investigated if PET imaging of noradrenaline transporters can predict the level of noradrenaline in the brain. Our hypothesis was PET measured noradrenaline transporter densities could predict the level of noradrenaline concentrations in the rat hippocampus after lesioning of noradrenaline neurons in this region. RESULTS We chemically lesioned the hippocampus of rats (n = 15) by administering a neurotoxin, DSP-4, in order to selectively damage axonal terminals of noradrenergic neurons. These rats then underwent PET imaging of noradrenaline transporters using [11C]MRB ((S,S)-[11C]Methylreboxetine). To validate our hypothesis, postmortem studies of brain homogenates of these rats were performed to measure both noradrenaline transporter and noradrenaline concentrations. [11C]MRB PET showed decreased noradrenaline transporter densities in a DSP-4 dose-dependent manner in the hippocampus of these rats. In turn, these PET measured noradrenaline transporter densities correlated very well with in vitro measured noradrenaline concentrations as well as in vitro transporter densities. CONCLUSIONS [11C]MRB PET may be used as an in vivo biomarker of noradrenaline concentrations in the hippocampus of the neurodegenerating brain. Further studies appear warranted to extend its applicability to AD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Sakai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Saori Hattori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Aya Ogata
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science (GUMS), Kani, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Junichiro Abe
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikenuma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Masanori Ichise
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kengo Ito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kimura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
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Sonuga-Barke EJS, Becker SP, Bölte S, Castellanos FX, Franke B, Newcorn JH, Nigg JT, Rohde LA, Simonoff E. Annual Research Review: Perspectives on progress in ADHD science - from characterization to cause. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:506-532. [PMID: 36220605 PMCID: PMC10023337 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The science of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is motivated by a translational goal - the discovery and exploitation of knowledge about the nature of ADHD to the benefit of those individuals whose lives it affects. Over the past fifty years, scientific research has made enormous strides in characterizing the ADHD condition and in understanding its correlates and causes. However, the translation of these scientific insights into clinical benefits has been limited. In this review, we provide a selective and focused survey of the scientific field of ADHD, providing our personal perspectives on what constitutes the scientific consensus, important new leads to be highlighted, and the key outstanding questions to be addressed going forward. We cover two broad domains - clinical characterization and, risk factors, causal processes and neuro-biological pathways. Part one focuses on the developmental course of ADHD, co-occurring characteristics and conditions, and the functional impact of living with ADHD - including impairment, quality of life, and stigma. In part two, we explore genetic and environmental influences and putative mediating brain processes. In the final section, we reflect on the future of the ADHD construct in the light of cross-cutting scientific themes and recent conceptual reformulations that cast ADHD traits as part of a broader spectrum of neurodivergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King’s College London. UK
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Stephen P. Becker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Sven Bölte
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Sweden
| | - Francisco Xavier Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joel T. Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program & Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clinica de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, Brazil
| | - Emily Simonoff
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King’s College London. UK
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Aghakhanyan G, Galgani A, Vergallo A, Lombardo F, Martini N, Baldacci F, Tognoni G, Leo A, Guidoccio F, Siciliano G, Fornai F, Pavese N, Volterrani D, Giorgi FS. Brain metabolic correlates of Locus Coeruleus degeneration in Alzheimer's disease: a multimodal neuroimaging study. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 122:12-21. [PMID: 36463849 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Locus Coeruleus (LC) degeneration occurs early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and this could affect several brain regions innervated by LC noradrenergic axon terminals, as these bear neuroprotective effects and modulate neurovascular coupling/neuronal activity. We used LC-sensitive Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) sequences enabling LC integrity quantification, and [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, to investigate the association of LC-MRI changes with brain glucose metabolism in cognitively impaired patients (30 amnesticMCI and 13 demented ones). Fifteen cognitively intact age-matched controls (HCs) were submitted only to LC-MRI for comparison with patients. Voxel-wise regression analyses of [18F]FDG images were conducted using the LC-MRI parameters signal intensity (LCCR) and LC-belonging voxels (LCVOX). Both LCCR and LCVOX were significantly lower in patients compared to HCs, and were directly associated with [18F]FDG uptake in fronto-parietal cortical areas, mainly involving the left hemisphere (p < 0.001, kE > 100). These results suggest a possible association between LC degeneration and cortical hypometabolism in degenerative cognitive impairment with a prevalent left-hemispheric vulnerability, and that LC degeneration might be linked to large-scale functional network alteration in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayane Aghakhanyan
- Nuclear Medicine Unit - Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Galgani
- Neurology Unit - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Sorbonne University, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione Monasterio/CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Filippo Baldacci
- Neurology Unit - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gloria Tognoni
- Neurology Unit - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Leo
- Nuclear Medicine Unit - Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Guidoccio
- Nuclear Medicine Unit - Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Nuclear Medicine Unit - Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Sorbonne University, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Pavese
- Clinical Aging Research Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Institute of Clinical Medicine, PET Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Duccio Volterrani
- Nuclear Medicine Unit - Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo S Giorgi
- Sorbonne University, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
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Masilamoni GJ, Weinkle A, Papa SM, Smith Y. Cortical Serotonergic and Catecholaminergic Denervation in MPTP-Treated Parkinsonian Monkeys. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1804-1822. [PMID: 34519330 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased cortical serotonergic and catecholaminergic innervation of the frontal cortex has been reported at early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the limited availability of animal models that exhibit these pathological features has hampered our understanding of the functional significance of these changes during the course of the disease. In the present study, we assessed longitudinal changes in cortical serotonin and catecholamine innervation in motor-symptomatic and asymptomatic monkeys chronically treated with low doses of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Densitometry and unbiased stereological techniques were used to quantify changes in serotonin and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in frontal cortices of 3 control monkeys and 3 groups of MPTP-treated monkeys (motor-asymptomatic [N = 2], mild parkinsonian [N = 3], and moderate parkinsonian [N = 3]). Our findings revealed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in serotonin innervation of motor (Areas 4 and 6), dorsolateral prefrontal (Areas 9 and 46), and limbic (Areas 24 and 25) cortical areas in motor-asymptomatic MPTP-treated monkeys. Both groups of symptomatic MPTP-treated animals displayed further serotonin denervation in these cortical regions (P < 0.0001). A significant loss of serotonin-positive dorsal raphe neurons was found in the moderate parkinsonian group. On the other hand, the intensity of cortical TH immunostaining was not significantly affected in motor asymptomatic MPTP-treated monkeys, but underwent a significant reduction in the moderate symptomatic group (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that chronic intoxication with MPTP induces early pathology in the corticopetal serotonergic system, which may contribute to early non-motor symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunasingh Jeyaraj Masilamoni
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Allison Weinkle
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Stella M Papa
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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6
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Doppler CEJ, Smit JAM, Hommelsen M, Seger A, Horsager J, Kinnerup MB, Hansen AK, Fedorova TD, Knudsen K, Otto M, Nahimi A, Borghammer P, Sommerauer M. Microsleep disturbances are associated with noradrenergic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Sleep 2021; 44:6145123. [PMID: 33608699 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Parkinson's disease (PD) commonly involves degeneration of sleep-wake regulating brainstem nuclei; likewise, sleep-wake disturbances are highly prevalent in PD patients. As polysomnography macroparameters typically show only minor changes in PD, we investigated sleep microstructure, particularly cyclic alternating pattern (CAP), and its relation to alterations of the noradrenergic system in these patients. METHODS We analysed 27 PD patients and 13 healthy control (HC) subjects who underwent over-night polysomnography and 11C-MeNER positron emission tomography for evaluation of noradrenaline transporter density. Sleep macroparameters as well as CAP metrics were evaluated according to the consensus statement from 2001. Statistical analysis comprised group comparisons and correlation analysis of CAP metrics with clinical characteristics of PD patients as well as noradrenaline transporter density. RESULTS PD patients and HC subjects were comparable in demographic characteristics (age, sex, body mass index) and polysomnography macroparameters. CAP rate as well as A index differed significantly between groups, with PD patients having a lower CAP rate (46.7 ± 6.6% versus 38.0 ± 11.6%, p = 0.015) and lower A index (49.0 ± 8.7/hour versus 40.1 ± 15.4/hour, p = 0.042). In PD patients, both CAP metrics correlated significantly with diminished noradrenaline transporter density in arousal prompting brainstem nuclei (locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei) as well as arousal propagating brain structures like thalamus and bitemporal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Sleep microstructure is more severely altered than sleep macrostructure in PD patients and is associated with widespread dysfunction of the noradrenergic arousal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E J Doppler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Julia A M Smit
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hommelsen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Aline Seger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jacob Horsager
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin B Kinnerup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Allan K Hansen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tatyana D Fedorova
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karoline Knudsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marit Otto
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Adjmal Nahimi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Sommerauer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Chang JC, Lin HY, Lv J, Tseng WYI, Gau SSF. Regional brain volume predicts response to methylphenidate treatment in individuals with ADHD. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:26. [PMID: 33430830 PMCID: PMC7798216 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the effectiveness of methylphenidate for treating ADHD, up to 30% of individuals with ADHD show poor responses to methylphenidate. Neuroimaging biomarkers to predict medication responses remain elusive. This study characterized neuroanatomical features that differentiated between clinically good and poor methylphenidate responders with ADHD. METHODS Using a naturalistic observation design selected from a larger cohort, we included 79 drug-naive individuals (aged 6-42 years) with ADHD without major psychiatric comorbidity, who had acceptable baseline structural MRI data quality. Based on a retrospective chart review, we defined responders by individuals' responses to at least one-month treatment with methylphenidate. A nonparametric mass-univariate voxel-based morphometric analysis was used to compare regional gray matter volume differences between good and poor responders. A multivariate pattern recognition based on the support vector machine was further implemented to identify neuroanatomical indicators to predict an individual's response. RESULTS 63 and 16 individuals were classified in the good and poor responder group, respectively. Using the small-volume correction procedure based on the hypothesis-driven striatal and default-mode network masks, poor responders had smaller regional volumes of the left putamen as well as larger precuneus volumes compared to good responders at baseline. The machine learning approach identified that volumetric information among these two regions alongside the left frontoparietal regions, occipital lobes, and posterior/inferior cerebellum could predict clinical responses to methylphenidate in individuals with ADHD. CONCLUSION Our results suggest regional striatal and precuneus gray matter volumes play a critical role in mediating treatment responses in individuals with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chi Chang
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre and Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Junglei Lv
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney Imaging and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Wen-Yih Issac Tseng
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Alluri SR, Kim SW, Volkow ND, Kil KE. PET Radiotracers for CNS-Adrenergic Receptors: Developments and Perspectives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25174017. [PMID: 32899124 PMCID: PMC7504810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) play diverse roles in our body’s physiology. In addition to their role in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), E/NE systems including their receptors are critical to the central nervous system (CNS) and to mental health. Various antipsychotics, antidepressants, and psychostimulants exert their influence partially through different subtypes of adrenergic receptors (ARs). Despite the potential of pharmacological applications and long history of research related to E/NE systems, research efforts to identify the roles of ARs in the human brain taking advantage of imaging have been limited by the lack of subtype specific ligands for ARs and brain penetrability issues. This review provides an overview of the development of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers for in vivo imaging of AR system in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Reddy Alluri
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5110, USA;
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1013, USA;
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1013, USA;
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1013, USA
- Correspondence: (N.D.V.); (K.-E.K.); Tel.: +1-(301)-443-6480 (N.D.V.); +1-(573)-884-7885 (K.-E.K.)
| | - Kun-Eek Kil
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5110, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence: (N.D.V.); (K.-E.K.); Tel.: +1-(301)-443-6480 (N.D.V.); +1-(573)-884-7885 (K.-E.K.)
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Kubota M, Fujino J, Tei S, Takahata K, Matsuoka K, Tagai K, Sano Y, Yamamoto Y, Shimada H, Takado Y, Seki C, Itahashi T, Aoki YY, Ohta H, Hashimoto RI, Zhang MR, Suhara T, Nakamura M, Takahashi H, Kato N, Higuchi M. Binding of Dopamine D1 Receptor and Noradrenaline Transporter in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A PET Study. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:6458-6468. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Although previous studies have suggested the involvement of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) neurotransmissions in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pathophysiology, few studies have examined these neurotransmissions in individuals with ASD in vivo. Here, we investigated DA D1 receptor (D1R) and noradrenaline transporter (NAT) binding in adults with ASD (n = 18) and neurotypical controls (n = 20) by utilizing two different PET radioligands, [11C]SCH23390 and (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2, respectively. We found no significant group differences in DA D1R (striatum, anterior cingulate cortex, and temporal cortex) or NAT (thalamus and pons) binding. However, in the ASD group, there were significant negative correlations between DA D1R binding (striatum, anterior cingulate cortex and temporal cortex) and the “attention to detail” subscale score of the Autism Spectrum Quotient. Further, there was a significant positive correlation between DA D1R binding (temporal cortex) and emotion perception ability assessed by the neurocognitive battery. Associations of NAT binding with empathic abilities and executive function were found in controls, but were absent in the ASD group. Although a lack of significant group differences in binding might be partly due to the heterogeneity of ASD, our results indicate that central DA and NA function might play certain roles in the clinical characteristics of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kubota
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Junya Fujino
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shisei Tei
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Institute of Applied Brain Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
- School of Human and Social Sciences, Tokyo International University, Saitama 350-1198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takahata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Matsuoka
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Tagai
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sano
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yamamoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimada
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yuhei Takado
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Chie Seki
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Itahashi
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan
| | - Yuta Y Aoki
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Ohta
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan
| | - Ryu-ichiro Hashimoto
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan
- Department of Language Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Motoaki Nakamura
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan
- Kanagawa Psychiatric Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 233-0006, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Kato
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Pyaram A, Rampilla M, Deore J, Sengupta P. Challenges and Strategies for Quantification of Drugs in the Brain: Current Scenario and Future Advancement. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:93-105. [PMID: 32687414 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1791041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The site of action of centrally acting drugs lies inside the brain and therefore, needs to reach the brain to exert their therapeutic efficacy. Discovery and development process of such types of drugs demands their quantification in brain to establish the dose, study pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and optimize the overall efficacy. Moreover, some drugs of other categories also have potential to cross blood-brain barrier resulting in various adverse events by acting centrally. However, the collection of a matrix to analyze the amount of drugs present in brain is highly challenging. In this review, we have summarized different bioanalytical strategies to quantitate drugs inside the brain. A detailed discussion on various in vivo and in vitro techniques for monitoring drugs inside the brain has been incorporated. In addition, various sampling techniques have been discussed in brief with case studies. Therefore, this review can guide the researcher to choose appropriate bioanalytical techniques for analyzing drugs in brain depending upon the specific need and quantification threshold considering the commonly associated difficulties of the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Pyaram
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar - 382355, Gujarat, INDIA
| | - Madhuri Rampilla
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar - 382355, Gujarat, INDIA
| | - Jayshri Deore
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar - 382355, Gujarat, INDIA
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar - 382355, Gujarat, INDIA
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11
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Recent advances in radiotracers targeting norepinephrine transporter: structural development and radiolabeling improvements. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:851-873. [PMID: 32274584 PMCID: PMC7223405 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The norepinephrine transporter (NET) is a major target for the evaluation of the cardiac sympathetic nerve system in patients with heart failure and Parkinson's disease. It is also used in the therapeutic applications against certain types of neuroendocrine tumors, as exemplified by the clinically used 123/131I-MIBG as theranostic single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) agent. With the development of more advanced positron emission tomography (PET) technology, more radiotracers targeting NET have been reported, with superior temporal and spatial resolutions, along with the possibility of functional and kinetic analysis. More recently, fluorine-18-labelled NET tracers have drawn increasing attentions from researchers, due to their longer radiological half-life relative to carbon-11 (110 min vs. 20 min), reduced dependence on on-site cyclotrons, and flexibility in the design of novel tracer structures. In the heart, certain NET tracers provide integral diagnostic information on sympathetic innervation and the nerve status. In the central nervous system, such radiotracers can reveal NET distribution and density in pathological conditions. Most radiotracers targeting cardiac NET-function for the cardiac application consistent of derivatives of either norepinephrine or MIBG with its benzylguanidine core structure, e.g. 11C-HED and 18F-LMI1195. In contrast, all NET tracers used in central nervous system applications are derived from clinically used antidepressants. Lastly, possible applications of NET as selective tracers over organic cation transporters (OCTs) in the kidneys and other organs controlled by sympathetic nervous system will also be discussed.
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12
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Ghosh A, Torraville SE, Mukherjee B, Walling SG, Martin GM, Harley CW, Yuan Q. An experimental model of Braak's pretangle proposal for the origin of Alzheimer's disease: the role of locus coeruleus in early symptom development. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 11:59. [PMID: 31266535 PMCID: PMC6607586 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The earliest brain pathology related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is hyperphosphorylated soluble tau in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons. Braak characterizes five pretangle tau stages preceding AD tangles. Pretangles begin in young humans and persist in the LC while spreading from there to other neuromodulatory neurons and, later, to the cortex. While LC pretangles appear in all by age 40, they do not necessarily result in AD prior to death. However, with age and pretangle spread, more individuals progress to AD stages. LC neurons are lost late, at Braak stages III–IV, when memory deficits appear. It is not clear if LC hyperphosphorylated tau generates the pathology and cognitive changes associated with preclinical AD. We use a rat model expressing pseudohyperphosphorylated human tau in LC to investigate the hypothesis that LC pretangles generate preclinical Alzheimer pathology. Methods We infused an adeno-associated viral vector carrying a human tau gene pseudophosphorylated at 14 sites common in LC pretangles into 2–3- or 14–16-month TH-Cre rats. We used odor discrimination to probe LC dysfunction, and we evaluated LC cell and fiber loss. Results Abnormal human tau was expressed in LC and exhibited somatodendritic mislocalization. In rats infused at 2–3 months old, 4 months post-infusion abnormal LC tau had transferred to the serotonergic raphe neurons. After 7 months, difficult similar odor discrimination learning was impaired. Impairment was associated with reduced LC axonal density in the olfactory cortex and upregulated β1-adrenoceptors. LC infusions in 14–16-month-old rats resulted in more severe outcomes. By 5–6 months post-infusion, rats were impaired even in simple odor discrimination learning. LC neuron number was reduced. Human tau appeared in the microglia and cortical neurons. Conclusions Our animal model suggests, for the first time, that Braak’s hypothesis that human AD originates with pretangle stages is plausible. LC pretangle progression here generates both preclinical AD pathological changes and cognitive decline. The odor discrimination deficits are similar to human odor identification deficits seen with aging and preclinical AD. When initiated in aged rats, pretangle stages progress rapidly and cause LC cell loss. These age-related outcomes are associated with a severe learning impairment consistent with memory decline in Braak stages III–IV. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-019-0511-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinaba Ghosh
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Sarah E Torraville
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Bandhan Mukherjee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Susan G Walling
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Gerard M Martin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Carolyn W Harley
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada.
| | - Qi Yuan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
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13
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López-Picón FR, Kirjavainen AK, Forsback S, Takkinen JS, Peters D, Haaparanta-Solin M, Solin O. In vivo characterization of a novel norepinephrine transporter PET tracer [ 18F]NS12137 in adult and immature Sprague-Dawley rats. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:11-19. [PMID: 30662550 PMCID: PMC6332804 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine modulates cognitive processes such as working and episodic memory. Pathological changes in norepinephrine and norepinephrine transporter (NET) function and degeneration of the locus coeruleus produce irreversible impairments within the whole norepinephrine system, disrupting cognitive processes. Monitoring these changes could enhance diagnostic accuracy and support development of novel therapeutic components for several neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, we aimed to develop a straightforward nucleophilic fluorination method with high molar activity for the novel NET radiotracer [18F]NS12137 and to demonstrate the ability of [18F]NS12137 to quantify changes in NET expression. Methods: We applied an 18F-radiolabeling method in which a brominated precursor was debrominated by nucleophilic 18F-fluorination in dimethyl sulfoxide. Radiolabeling was followed by a deprotection step, purification, and formulation of the radiotracer. The [18F]NS12137 brain uptake and distribution were studied with in vivo PET/CT and ex vivo autoradiography using both adult and immature Sprague-Dawley rats because postnatal NET expression peaks at 10-20 days post birth. The NET specificity for the tracer was demonstrated by pretreatment of the animals with nisoxetine, which is well-known to have a high affinity for NET. Results: [18F]NS12137 was successfully synthesized with radiochemical yields of 18.6±5.6%, radiochemical purity of >99%, and molar activity of >500 GBq/μmol at the end of synthesis. The in vivo [18F]NS12137 uptake showed peak standard uptake values (SUV) of over 1.5 (adult) and 2.2 (immature) in the different brain regions. Peak SUV/30 min and peak SUV/60 min ratios were calculated for the different brain regions of the adult and immature rats, with a peak SUV/60 min ratio of more than 4.5 in the striatum of adult rats. As expected, in vivo studies demonstrated uptake of the tracer in brain areas rich in NET, particularly thalamus, neocortex, and striatum, and remarkably also in the locus coeruleus, a quite small volume for imaging with PET. The uptake was significantly higher in immature rats compared to the adult animals. Ex vivo studies using autoradiography showed very strong specific binding in NET-rich areas such as the locus coeruleus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and high binding in larger grey matter areas such as the neocortex and striatum. The uptake of [18F]NS12137 was dramatically reduced both in vivo and ex vivo by pretreatment with nisoxetine, demonstrating the specificity of binding. Conclusions: [18F]NS12137 was synthesized in good yield and high molar activity and demonstrated the characteristics of a good radiotracer, such as good brain penetration, fast washout, and high specific binding to NET.
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14
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Brumberg J, Tran-Gia J, Lapa C, Isaias IU, Samnick S. PET imaging of noradrenaline transporters in Parkinson's disease: focus on scan time. Ann Nucl Med 2018; 33:69-77. [PMID: 30293197 PMCID: PMC6373329 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-018-1305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In subjects with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) the functional state of the locus coeruleus and the subtle derangements in the finely tuned dopamine-noradrenaline interplay are largely unknown. The PET ligand (S,S)-[11C]-O-methylreboxetine (C-11 MRB) has been described to reliably bind noradrenaline transporters but long scanning protocols might hamper its use, especially in patients with PD. We aimed to assess the feasibility of reducing C-11 MRB scans to 30 min. METHODS Ten patients with idiopathic PD underwent dynamic C-11 MRB PET (120 min duration) and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Model-based (i.e., simplified and multilinear reference tissue model 2) non-displaceable binding potentials (BP) of selected brain regions were analyzed for a 90 min scan protocol and compared with BP derived from static 30-min data with different starting times (30, 40, 50 and 60 min) after C-11 MRB injection. Intraclass correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis were used to explore the association between BP of different scan durations. Spearman's ρ served to describe the correlation of BP with demographic and clinical parameters. RESULTS With respect to kinetic models, BP50-80 and BP60-90 showed the best correlation in several brain areas (R2 range 0.95-98; p < 0.001). The thalamus showed the highest BP on average. No correlation between BP, clinical and demographic characteristics was observed. CONCLUSIONS An acquisition time of 30 min, starting 50 or 60 min after C-11 MRB injection, allows a reliable estimation of noradrenaline transporter binding values in Parkinsonian people. A short acquisition time can significantly reduce the discomfort of Parkinsonian patients and facilitate PET studies, especially in the medication-off-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Brumberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital and Julius-Maximilians-University, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Tran-Gia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital and Julius-Maximilians-University, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital and Julius-Maximilians-University, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ioannis U Isaias
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Julius-Maximilians-University, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Samuel Samnick
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital and Julius-Maximilians-University, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Sommerauer M, Hansen AK, Parbo P, Fedorova TD, Knudsen K, Frederiksen Y, Nahimi A, Barbe MT, Brooks DJ, Borghammer P. Decreased noradrenaline transporter density in the motor cortex of Parkinson's disease patients. Mov Disord 2018; 33:1006-1010. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sommerauer
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre; Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Allan K Hansen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Peter Parbo
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Tatyana D. Fedorova
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Karoline Knudsen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Yoon Frederiksen
- Aarhus University, Department of Clinical Medicine & Department of Psychology; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Adjmal Nahimi
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Michael T. Barbe
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - David J. Brooks
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre; Aarhus Denmark
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine; Imperial College London; London UK
- Division of Neuroscience; Newcastle University; Newcastle UK
| | - Per Borghammer
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre; Aarhus Denmark
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16
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Molecular Imaging of the Noradrenergic System in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 141:251-274. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Kirjavainen AK, Forsback S, López-Picón FR, Marjamäki P, Takkinen J, Haaparanta-Solin M, Peters D, Solin O. 18F-labeled norepinephrine transporter tracer [ 18F]NS12137: radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 56:39-46. [PMID: 29172120 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases are associated with malfunction of brain norepinephrine transporter (NET). However, current clinical evaluations of NET function are limited by the lack of sufficiently sensitive methods of detection. To this end, we have synthesized exo-3-[(6-[18F]fluoro-2-pyridyl)oxy]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]-octane ([18F]NS12137) as a radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET) and have demonstrated that it is highly specific for in vivo detection of NET-rich regions of rat brain tissue. METHODS We applied two methods of electrophilic, aromatic radiofluorination of the precursor molecule, exo-3-[(6-trimethylstannyl-2-pyridyl)oxy]-8-azabicyclo-[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate: (1) direct labeling with [18F]F2, and (2) labeling with [18F]Selectfluor, a derivative of [18F]F2, using post-target produced [18F]F2. The time-dependent distribution of [18F]NS12137 in brain tissue of healthy, adult Sprague-Dawley rats was determined by ex vivo autoradiography. The specificity of [18F]NS12137 binding was demonstrated on the basis of competitive binding by nisoxetine, a known NET antagonist of high specificity. RESULTS [18F]NS12137 was successfully synthesized with radiochemical yields of 3.9% ± 0.3% when labeled with [18F]F2 and 10.2% ± 2.7% when labeled with [18F]Selectfluor. The molar activity of radiotracer was 8.8 ± 0.7 GBq/μmol with [18F]F2 labeling and 6.9 ± 0.4 GBq/μmol with [18F]Selectfluor labeling at the end of synthesis of [18F]NS12137. Uptake of [18F]NS12137 in NET-rich areas in rat brain was demonstrated with the locus coeruleus (LCoe) having the highest regional uptake. Prior treatment of rats with nisoxetine showed no detectable [18F]NS12137 in the LCoe. Analyses of whole brain samples for radiometabolites showed only the parent compound [18F]NS12137. Uptake of 18F-radioactivity in bone increased with time. CONCLUSIONS The two electrophilic 18F-labeling methods proved to be suitable for synthesis of [18F]NS12137 with the [18F]Selectfluor method providing an approximate three-fold higher yield than the [18F]F2 method. As an electrostatically neutral radiotracer [18F]NS12137 crosses the blood-brain barrier and enabled specific labeling of NET-rich regions of rat brain tissue with the highest concentration in the LCoe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Kirjavainen
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Sarita Forsback
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Francisco R López-Picón
- Preclinical Imaging, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jatta Takkinen
- Preclinical Imaging, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Merja Haaparanta-Solin
- Preclinical Imaging, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Dan Peters
- DanPET AB, Malmö, Sweden; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olof Solin
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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18
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Moriguchi S, Takano H, Kimura Y, Nagashima T, Takahata K, Kubota M, Kitamura S, Ishii T, Ichise M, Zhang MR, Shimada H, Mimura M, Meyer JH, Higuchi M, Suhara T. Occupancy of Norepinephrine Transporter by Duloxetine in Human Brains Measured by Positron Emission Tomography with (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:957-962. [PMID: 29016875 PMCID: PMC5716070 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The norepinephrine transporter in the brain has been targeted in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Duloxetine is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that has been widely used for the treatment of depression. However, the relationship between dose and plasma concentration of duloxetine and norepinephrine transporter occupancy in the human brain has not been determined. In this study, we examined norepinephrine transporter occupancy by different doses of duloxetine. METHODS We calculated norepinephrine transporter occupancies from 2 positron emission tomography scans using (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2 before and after a single oral dose of duloxetine (20 mg, n = 3; 40 mg, n = 3; 60 mg, n =2). Positron emission tomography scans were performed from 120 to 180 minutes after an i.v. bolus injection of (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2. Venous blood samples were taken to measure the plasma concentration of duloxetine just before and after the second positron emission tomography scan. RESULTS Norepinephrine transporter occupancy by duloxetine was 29.7% at 20 mg, 30.5% at 40 mg, and 40.0% at 60 mg. The estimated dose of duloxetine inducing 50% norepinephrine transporter occupancy was 76.8 mg, and the estimated plasma drug concentration inducing 50% norepinephrine transporter occupancy was 58.0 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS Norepinephrine transporter occupancy by clinical doses of duloxetine was approximately 30% to 40% in human brain as estimated using positron emission tomography with (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Moriguchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura),Correspondence: Sho Moriguchi, MD, PhD, Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba 263-8555, Japan ()
| | - Harumasa Takano
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Yasuyuki Kimura
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Tomohisa Nagashima
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Keisuke Takahata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Manabu Kubota
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Soichiro Kitamura
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Tatsuya Ishii
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Masanori Ichise
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Hitoshi Shimada
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Jeffrey H Meyer
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
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