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Kheyrolahzadeh K, Tohidkia MR, Tarighatnia A, Shahabi P, Nader ND, Aghanejad A. Theranostic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells: Insight into recent trends and challenges in solid tumors. Life Sci 2023; 328:121917. [PMID: 37422069 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy has reached significant milestones in various life-threatening diseases, including cancer. Cell therapy using fluorescent and radiolabeled chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell is a successful strategy for diagnosing or treating malignancies. Since cell therapy approaches have different results in cancers, the success of hematological cancers has yet to transfer to solid tumor therapy, leading to more casualties. Therefore, there are many areas for improvement in the cell therapy platform. Understanding the therapeutic barriers associated with solid cancers through cell tracking and molecular imaging may provide a platform for effectively delivering CAR-T cells into solid tumors. This review describes CAR-T cells' role in treating solid and non-solid tumors and recent advances. Furthermore, we discuss the main obstacles, mechanism of action, novel strategies and solutions to overcome the challenges from molecular imaging and cell tracking perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Kheyrolahzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tohidkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Tarighatnia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader D Nader
- Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Ayuob Aghanejad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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2
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Rösner L, Konken CP, Depke DA, Rentmeister A, Schäfers M. Covalent labeling of immune cells. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 68:102144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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3
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Ng TSC, Allen HH, Rashidian M, Miller MA. Probing immune infiltration dynamics in cancer by in vivo imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 67:102117. [PMID: 35219177 PMCID: PMC9118268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies typically aim to stimulate the accumulation and activity of cytotoxic T-cells or pro-inflammatory antigen-presenting cells, reduce immunosuppressive myeloid cells or regulatory T-cells, or elicit some combination of effects thereof. Notwithstanding the encouraging results, immunotherapies such as PD-1/PD-L1-targeted immune checkpoint blockade act heterogeneously across individual patients. It remains challenging to predict and monitor individual responses, especially across multiple sites of metastasis or sites of potential toxicity. To address this need, in vivo imaging of both adaptive and innate immune cell populations has emerged as a tool to quantify spatial leukocyte accumulation in tumors non-invasively. Here we review recent progress in the translational development of probes for in vivo leukocyte imaging, focusing on complementary perspectives provided by imaging of T-cells, phagocytic macrophages, and their responses to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S C Ng
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Harris H Allen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Mohammad Rashidian
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Miles A Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
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4
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Zhang W, Gaikwad H, Groman EV, Purev E, Simberg D, Wang G. Highly aminated iron oxide nanoworms for simultaneous manufacturing and labeling of chimeric antigen receptor T cells. JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS 2022; 541:168480. [PMID: 34720339 PMCID: PMC8553019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2021.168480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell based therapies including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are promising for treating leukemias and solid cancers. At the same time, there is interest in enhancing the functionality of these cells via surface decoration with nanoparticles (backpacking). Magnetic nanoparticle cell labeling is of particular interest due to opportunities for magnetic separation, in vivo manipulation, drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). While modification of T cells with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was explored before, we questioned whether MNPs are compatible with CAR-T cells when introduced during the manufacturing process. We chose highly aminated 120 nm crosslinked iron oxide nanoworms (CLIO NWs, ~36,000 amines per NW) that could efficiently label different adherent cell lines and we used CD123 CAR-T cells as the labeling model. The CD123 CAR-T cells were produced in the presence of CLIO NWs, CLIO NWs plus protamine sulfate (PS), or PS only. The transduction efficiency of lentiviral CD123 CAR with only NWs was ~23% lower than NW+PS and PS groups (~33% and 35%, respectively). The cell viability from these three transduction conditions was not reduced within CAR-T cell groups, though lower compared to non-transduced T cells (mock T). Use of CLIO NWs instead of, or together with cationic protamine sulfate for enhancement of lentiviral transduction resulted in comparable levels of CAR expression and viability but decreased the proportion of CD8+ cells and increased the proportion of CD4+ cells. CD123 CAR-T transduced in the presence of CLIO NWs, CLIO NWs plus PS, or PS only, showed similar level of cytotoxicity against leukemic cell lines. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy imaging demonstrated that CD123 CAR-T cells labeled with CLIO NW formed rosettes with CD123+ leukemic cells as the non-labeled CAR-T cells, indicating that the CAR-T targeting to tumor cells has maintained after CLIO NW labeling. The in vivo trafficking of the NW labeled CAR-T cells showed the accumulation of CAR-T labeled with NWs primarily in the bone marrow and spleen. CAR-T cells can be magnetically labeled during their production while maintaining functionality using the positively charged iron oxide NWs, which enable the in vivo biodistribution and tracking of CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Hanmant Gaikwad
- Translational Bio-Nanosciences Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ernest V. Groman
- Translational Bio-Nanosciences Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Enkhtsetseg Purev
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- Translational Bio-Nanosciences Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Corresponding Authors: (Dmitri Simberg), (Guankui Wang)
| | - Guankui Wang
- Translational Bio-Nanosciences Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Corresponding Authors: (Dmitri Simberg), (Guankui Wang)
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Liu J, Xu N, Wang X, Wang Y, Wu Q, Li X, Pan D, Wang L, Xu Y, Yan J, Li X, Yu L, Yang M. Quantitative radio-thin-layer chromatography and positron emission tomography studies for measuring streptavidin transduced chimeric antigen receptor T cells. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1182:122944. [PMID: 34592686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells is closely related to their efficacy, but it is still a great challenge to monitor and quantify CAR T cells in vivo. Based on the high affinity (Kd ≈ 10-15 M) of streptavidin (SA) and biotin, radiolabeled biotin may be used to quantify SA-transduced CAR T cells (SA-CAR T cells). Radio-thin-layer chromatography (radio-TLC) and positron emission tomography (PET) are highly sensitive for trace analysis. Our aim was to develop radio-TLC and PET methods to quantify SA-CAR T cells in vitro and in vivo. First, we developed [68Ga]-DOTA-biotin. Commercially available SA was used as a standard, and quantitative standard curves were established in vitro and in vivo by radio-TLC and PET. Furthermore, the feasibility of the method was verified in Raji model mice. The linear range of radio-TLC was 0.02 ∼ 0.15 pmol/μL with R2 = 0.9993 in vitro. The linear range of PET was 0.02 ∼ 0.76 pmol/μL with R2 = 0.9986 in vivo. SA in CAR T cells can also be accurately quantified in a Raji leukemia model according to PET imaging. The radio-TLC/PET method established in this study is promising for using in the dynamic monitoring and analysis of SA-CAR T cells during therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Molecular Imaging Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Nan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai Unicar-Therapy Bio-medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Molecular Imaging Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Molecular Imaging Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Molecular Imaging Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Molecular Imaging Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- Molecular Imaging Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Molecular Imaging Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- Molecular Imaging Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- Molecular Imaging Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai Unicar-Therapy Bio-medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Min Yang
- Molecular Imaging Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
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6
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Brammer JE, Braunstein Z, Katapadi A, Porter K, Biersmith M, Guha A, Vasu S, Yildiz VO, Smith SA, Buck B, Haddad D, Gumina R, William BM, Penza S, Saad A, Denlinger N, Vallakati A, Baliga R, Benza R, Binkley P, Wei L, Mocarski M, Devine SM, Jaglowski S, Addison D. Early toxicity and clinical outcomes after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy for lymphoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002303. [PMID: 34429331 PMCID: PMC8386216 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) infusion is associated with early toxicity. Yet, whether early toxicity development holds ramifications for long-term outcomes is unknown. METHODS From a large cohort of consecutive adult patients treated with CAR-T therapies for relapsed or refractory lymphomas from 2016 to 2019, we assessed progression-free survival (PFS), by toxicity development (cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, or cardiotoxicity]. We also assessed the relationship of toxicity development to objective disease response, and overall survival (OS). Multivariable regression was utilized to evaluate relationships between standard clinical and laboratory measures and disease outcomes. Differences in outcomes, by toxicity status, were also assessed via 30-day landmark analysis. Furthermore, we assessed the effects of early anti-CRS toxicity therapy use (at ≤grade 2 toxicity) on maximum toxicity grade observed, and long-term disease outcomes (PFS and OS). RESULTS Overall, from 102 CAR-T-treated patients, 90 were identified as treated with single-agent therapy, of which 88.9% developed toxicity (80 CRS, 41 neurotoxicity, and 17 cardiotoxicity), including 28.9% with high-grade (≥3) events. The most common manifestations were hypotension at 96.6% and fever at 94.8%. Among patients with cardiac events, there was a non-significant trend toward a higher prevalence of concurrent or preceding high-grade (≥3) CRS. 50.0% required tocilizumab or corticosteroids. The median time to toxicity was 3 days; high grade CRS development was associated with cardiac and neurotoxicity. In multivariable regression, accounting for disease severity and traditional predictors of disease response, moderate (maximum grade 2) CRS development was associated with higher complete response at 1 year (HR: 2.34; p=0.07), and longer PFS (HR: 0.41; p=0.02, in landmark analysis), and OS (HR: 0.43; p=0.03). Among those with CRS, relative blood pressure (HR: 2.25; p=0.004), respectively, also associated with improved PFS. There was no difference in disease outcomes, or maximum toxicity grade (CRS, neurotoxicity, or cardiotoxicity) observed, based on the presence or absence of the use of early CRS-directed therapies. CONCLUSIONS Among adult lymphoma patients, moderate toxicity manifest as grade 2 CRS after CAR-T infusion may associate with favorable clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Brammer
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Program, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Aashish Katapadi
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyle Porter
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Biersmith
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Avirup Guha
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Cardiology, University Hospitals Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sumithira Vasu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Program, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Vedat O Yildiz
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sakima A Smith
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin Buck
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Devin Haddad
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard Gumina
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Basem M William
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Program, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sam Penza
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Program, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ayman Saad
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Program, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nathan Denlinger
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ajay Vallakati
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ragavendra Baliga
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Raymond Benza
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Philip Binkley
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lai Wei
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mason Mocarski
- Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Samantha Jaglowski
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Program, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel Addison
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Cancer Control and Prevention, The Ohio State University James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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7
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Su FY, Mac QD, Sivakumar A, Kwong GA. Interfacing Biomaterials with Synthetic T Cell Immunity. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100157. [PMID: 33887123 PMCID: PMC8349871 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The clinical success of cancer immunotherapy is providing exciting opportunities for the development of new methods to detect and treat cancer more effectively. A new generation of biomaterials is being developed to interface with molecular and cellular features of immunity and ultimately shape or control anti-tumor responses. Recent advances that are supporting the advancement of engineered T cells are focused here. This class of cancer therapy has the potential to cure disease in subsets of patients, yet there remain challenges such as the need to improve response rates and safety while lowering costs to expand their use. To provide a focused overview, recent strategies in three areas of biomaterials research are highlighted: low-cost cell manufacturing to broaden patient access, noninvasive diagnostics for predictive monitoring of immune responses, and strategies for in vivo control that enhance anti-tumor immunity. These research efforts shed light on some of the challenges associated with T cell immunotherapy and how engineered biomaterials that interface with synthetic immunity are gaining traction to solve these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yi Su
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Quoc D Mac
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Anirudh Sivakumar
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Gabriel A Kwong
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Immunoengineering Consortium, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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8
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Wu Q, Wang Y, Wang X, Liang N, Liu J, Pan D, Xu Y, Wang L, Yan J, Wang G, Miao L, Yang M. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of CD19 CAR T cell in human leukaemic xenograft models with dual-modality imaging. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7451-7461. [PMID: 34245101 PMCID: PMC8335694 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T)-cell therapy has shown great potential in treating haematologic disease, but no breakthrough has been achieved in solid tumours. In order to clarify the antitumour mechanism of CAR T cell in solid tumours, the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) investigations of CD19 CAR T cell were performed in human leukaemic xenograft mouse models. For PK investigation, we radiolabelled CD19 CAR T cell with 89 Zr and used PET imaging in the CD19-positive and the CD19-negative K562-luc animal models. For PD evaluation, optical imaging, tumour volume measurement and DNA copy-number detection were performed. Unfortunately, the qPCR results of the DNA copy number in the blood were below the detection limit. The tumour-specific uptake was higher in the CD19-positive model than in the CD19-negative model, and this was consistent with the PD results. The preliminary PK and PD studies of CD19 CAR T cell in solid tumours are instructive. Considering the less efficiency of CAR T-cell therapy of solid tumours with the limited number of CAR T cells entering the interior of solid tumours, this study is suggestive for the subsequent CAR T-cell design and evaluation of solid tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Ningxia Liang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liyan Miao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
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9
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Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-engineer (CAR) T-cell therapy is a promising novel immunotherapy that has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment. With four CAR T-cell therapies receiving FDA approval within the last 5 years, the role of CAR T-cells is anticipated to continue to evolve and expand. However, various aspects of CAR T-cell therapies remain poorly understood, and the therapies are associated with severe side effects [including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity (ICANS)] that require prompt diagnosis and intervention. In this review, we discuss the role of imaging in diagnosing and monitoring toxicities from CAR T-cell therapies and explore the application of various imaging techniques, including use of PET/CT with novel radiotracers, to predict and assess treatment response and adverse effects. It is important for radiologists to recognize the imaging findings associated with each syndrome, as well as the typical and atypical treatment response patterns associated with CAR T-cell therapy. Given the expected increase in use of CAR T-cells in the near future, radiologists should familiarize themselves with the imaging findings encountered in these novel therapies, to provide comprehensive and up-to-date guidance for clinical management.
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10
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Lu D, Wang Y, Zhang T, Wang F, Li K, Zhou S, Zhu H, Yang Z, Liu Z. Metabolic radiolabeling and in vivo PET imaging of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to guide combination adoptive cell transfer cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:175. [PMID: 34112200 PMCID: PMC8194184 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive T cell transfer-based immunotherapy yields unsatisfactory results in the treatment of solid tumors, partially owing to limited tumor infiltration and the immunosuppressive microenvironment in solid tumors. Therefore, strategies for the noninvasive tracking of adoptive T cells are critical for monitoring tumor infiltration and for guiding the development of novel combination therapies. METHODS We developed a radiolabeling method for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that comprises metabolically labeling the cell surface glycans with azidosugars and then covalently conjugating them with 64Cu-1,4,7-triazacyclononanetriacetic acid-dibenzo-cyclooctyne (64Cu-NOTA-DBCO) using bioorthogonal chemistry. 64Cu-labeled control-CTLs and ovalbumin-specific CTLs (OVA-CTLs) were tracked using positron emission tomography (PET) in B16-OVA tumor-bearing mice. We also investigated the effects of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibition on the antitumor efficacy of OVA-CTLs using a poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-encapsulated nanodrug (PLGA-FAKi). RESULTS CTLs can be stably radiolabeled with 64Cu with a minimal effect on cell viability. PET imaging of 64Cu-OVA-CTLs enables noninvasive mapping of their in vivo behavior. Moreover, 64Cu-OVA-CTLs PET imaging revealed that PLGA-FAKi induced a significant increase in OVA-CTL infiltration into tumors, suggesting the potential for a combined therapy comprising OVA-CTLs and PLGA-FAKi. Further combination therapy studies confirmed that the PLGA-FAKi nanodrug markedly improved the antitumor effects of adoptive OVA-CTLs transfer by multiple mechanisms. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that metabolic radiolabeling followed by PET imaging can be used to sensitively profile the early-stage migration and tumor-targeting efficiency of adoptive T cells in vivo. This strategy presents opportunities for predicting the efficacy of cell-based adoptive therapies and for guiding combination regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Lu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanpu Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Kui Li
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shixin Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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Vercellino L, de Jong D, di Blasi R, Kanoun S, Reshef R, Schwartz LH, Dercle L. Current and Future Role of Medical Imaging in Guiding the Management of Patients With Relapsed and Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated With CAR T-Cell Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:664688. [PMID: 34123825 PMCID: PMC8195284 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.664688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells are a novel immunotherapy available for patients with refractory/relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In this indication, clinical trials have demonstrated that CAR T-cells achieve high rates of response, complete response, and long-term response (up to 80%, 60%, and 40%, respectively). Nonetheless, the majority of patients ultimately relapsed. This review provides an overview about the current and future role of medical imaging in guiding the management of non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients treated with CAR T-cells. It discusses the value of predictive and prognostic biomarkers to better stratify the risk of relapse, and provide a patient-tailored therapeutic strategy. At baseline, high tumor volume (assessed on CT-scan or on [18F]-FDG PET/CT) is a prognostic factor associated with treatment failure. Response assessment has not been studied extensively yet. Available data suggests that current response assessment developed on CT-scan or on [18F]-FDG PET/CT for cytotoxic systemic therapies remains relevant to estimate lymphoma response to CAR T-cell therapy. Nonetheless, atypical patterns of response and progression have been observed and should be further analyzed. The potential advantages as well as limitations of artificial intelligence and radiomics as tools providing high throughput quantitative imaging features is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Vercellino
- Nuclear Medicine Department Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dorine de Jong
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roberta di Blasi
- Onco-Hematology Department Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Salim Kanoun
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team 9, INSERM UMR 1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Ran Reshef
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Lawrence H. Schwartz
- Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Laurent Dercle
- Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States
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