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Inumaru M, Matsumoto N, Nakano Y, Sato T, Tsuda Y, Sato Y. Species Composition and Feeding Behaviors of Vector Mosquitoes of Avian Infectious Diseases at a Wild Bird Rehabilitation Facility in Japan. J Wildl Dis 2024; 60:621-633. [PMID: 38769632 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-23-00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Although wild bird rehabilitation facilities are important for the conservation of wild species, individuals may be kept within the facilities for long periods, consequently posing a risk for the bird to be infected with pathogens to which they are not naturally exposed. In turn, novel pathogens may be introduced through rescued migratory species. Avian malaria and West Nile fever are important avian diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. To understand the transmission dynamics of such diseases at rehabilitation facilities, the ecology of vector mosquitoes, including species composition, seasonality, and feeding behaviors, were explored. Mosquitoes were collected at a wild bird rehabilitation facility and wildlife sanctuary in Japan from 2019 to 2020 using mouth aspirators, sweep nets, and light traps. A total of 2,819 mosquitoes of 6 species were captured, all of which are potential vectors of avian diseases. Culex pipiens pallens and Cx. pipiens form molestus were the dominant species (82.9% of all collected mosquitoes). Density and seasonality differed between sampling locations, presumably because of differences in mosquito behaviors including feeding preferences and responses to climatic factors. Blood-fed Culex mosquitoes fed solely on birds, and many mosquito species are thought to have fed on birds within the facility. Particularly, Cx. pipiens group probably fed on both rescued and free-living birds. The rehabilitation facility may be an important site for the introduction and spread of pathogens because 1) numerous mosquitoes inhabit the hospital and its surroundings; 2) blood-fed mosquitoes are caught within the hospital; 3) there is direct contact between birds and mosquitoes; 4) both birds within the hospital and wild birds are fed upon. Furthermore, blood-fed Cx. pipiens form molestus were observed in the winter, suggesting that pathogens might be transmitted even during the winter when other mosquito species are inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizue Inumaru
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Nana Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakano
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Sato
- Gyotoku Nature Conservation Club NPO, 4-22-11 Fukuei, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0137, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsuda
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yukita Sato
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Ioannou CS, Savvidou EC, Apocha L, Terblanche JS, Papadopoulos NT. Insecticide resistant mosquitoes remain thermal stress resistant, without loss of thermal plasticity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169443. [PMID: 38114031 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A major component of mosquito's climate change response is their heat tolerance, and any ability to rapidly adjust to extreme environmental conditions through phenotypic plasticity. The excessive use of insecticides for the control of major mosquito species leads to resistant populations, however it is largely unclear if this concurrently impacts thermal stress resistance and their potential to adjust tolerance via phenotypic plasticity. Culex pipiens pipiens, Culex pipiens molestus and Aedes albopictus populations obtained from the same region were subjected for 12 generations to selection trials to larvicides Diflubenzuron (DFB) and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) to develop insecticide resistance. Adults emerging from the selected populations were acclimated at different temperatures and the upper and lower critical thermal limits (CTmax and CTmin) were estimated using dynamic thermal assays. In addition, the supercooling points (SCPs) of non-acclimated adults of resistant and control populations were determined. Our results revealed marked differences in thermal response among the three species, the different acclimation regimes and sexes. Aedes albopictus was more resistant in high than low temperatures compared to both Culex pipiens biotypes. Culex forms responded similarly to heat but differently to cold stress. In both forms, females responded better than males to all thermal stressors. Acclimation at higher and lower temperatures improves CTmax and CTmin values, respectively in both insecticide resistant and control populations of all three species. Overall, selection to insecticides did not affect the thermal performance of adults. Hence, insecticide-resistant mosquito populations perform similarly to untreated ones and are capable of readily adapting to new environmental changes rising concerns regarding their geographic range expansion and disease transmission globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos S Ioannou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Eleni C Savvidou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Lemonia Apocha
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - John S Terblanche
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Nikos T Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece.
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Jeon J, Lee DY, Jo Y, Ryu J, Kim E, Choi KS. Wing geometric morphometrics and COI barcoding of Culex pipiens subgroup in the Republic of Korea. Sci Rep 2024; 14:878. [PMID: 38195670 PMCID: PMC10776869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Two members of the Culex pipiens subgroup, Culex pallens and Culex pipiens f. molestus, are known to occur in the Republic of Korea (ROK). These species exhibit morphologically similar features and are challenging to distinguish below the species level. Therefore, this study utilized wing geometric morphometrics (GM) on the right wing of the Culex pipiens subgroup, alongside sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region. Mosquitoes were collected from 11 locations between June and October (2020-2022) to minimize regional and seasonal variations. Additionally, Culex pipiens f. pipiens, which is not native to the ROK, was included in the analysis. Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus, and Anopheles sinensis, the primary vectors in the ROK, were used as outgroups for comparison. All three taxa in the Culex pipiens subgroup could be identified with an 82.4%-97.0% accuracy using GM. However, a comparison of the COI regions of the Culex pipiens subgroup revealed no clear differences between the taxa. These data can be used for accurate identification, contributing to effective mosquito control, in addition to providing a foundation for evolutionary and ecological studies on wing shape differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseung Jeon
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeol Lee
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yewon Jo
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Ryu
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Shik Choi
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Jeon J, Ryu J, Choi KS. Distribution and frequency of ace-1 and kdr mutations of Culex pipiens subgroup in the Republic of Korea. Acta Trop 2024; 249:107058. [PMID: 37913971 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes in the Culex pipiens subgroup are the primary vectors of the West Nile virus. Two members, Culex pallens and Culex pipiens f. molestus, are present in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Because the Culex pipiens subgroup occurs in large amounts, often near human habitation, it is frequently exposed to various insecticides, which is probably responsible for the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance traits. Experiments related to insecticide resistance in the Culex pipiens subgroup conducted in the ROK have been performed without discrimination below the species level. This study categorized Culex pipiens mosquitoes subgroup from 13 regions in the ROK into Culex pallens and Culex pipiens f. molestus, and target site genotypes for acetylcholinesterase-1 (ace-1) and voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) genes were identified for each taxon. Screening for ace-1 did not identify a resistant allele (G119S) in Cx. pipiens f. molestus, and heterozygous resistance (AGC/GGC) was identified in one Cx. pallens collected in Mokpo. In vgsc, knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations [TTT(L1014F) and TCA(L1014S)] were present in both taxa, with Cx. pipiens f. molestus having homozygous resistance (TTT/TTT): 44%, heterozygous resistance (TTT/TTA): 28%, and homozygous susceptibility (TTA/TTA): 28%, whereas Cx. pallens showed homozygous resistance (TTT/TTT or TCA/TCA): 26%, heterozygous resistance (TTT/TTA, TTT/TCA, or TCA/TTA): 26%, and homozygous susceptibility (TTA/TTA): 48%. Furthermore, the unique vgsc allele was present in both Cx. pipiens f. molestus and Cx. pallens. This was the first experiment to analyze the Culex pipiens subgroup living in the ROK below the species level, and its results could be used in the future for more detailed mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseung Jeon
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Ryu
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Shik Choi
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Lee DE, Shin J, Kim YH, Choi KS, Choe H, Lee KP, Lee SH, Kim JH. Inference of selection pressures that drive insecticide resistance in Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes in Korea. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:105520. [PMID: 37532334 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are primarily used for mosquito control in Korea. However, high frequencies of mutations conferring resistance to not only pyrethroids but also to other insecticides have been found in mosquito populations. This study aimed to examine the hypothesis that insecticides used outside of public health may play a role in selection. Briefly, the resistance mutation frequencies to three insecticide groups (pyrethroids, organophosphates, and cyclodienes) were estimated in two representative groups of mosquito species (Anopheles Hyrcanus Group and Culex pipiens complex). The relationship between these frequencies and the land-use status of the collection sites was investigated through multiple regression analysis. In the Anopheles Hyrcanus Group, the frequencies of both ace1 (organophosphate resistance) and rdl (cyclodiene resistance) mutations were positively correlated with 'proximity to golf course', possibly be due to the insecticides used for turf maintenance. They also showed positive correlations with field area and rice paddy area, respectively, suggesting the role of agricultural insecticides in the selection of these resistance traits. For the Cx. pipiens complex, the kdr (pyrethroid resistance), ace1, and rdl mutations were positively correlated with the residential area, field, and rice paddy, respectively. Therefore, pyrethroids used for public health could serve as a direct source of resistance selection pressure against kdr, whereas non-public health insecticides may pose primary selection pressure against the ace1 and rdl traits. The current findings suggest that the insecticides used in agriculture and the golf industry play a significant role in mosquito selection, despite variations in the extent of indirect selection pressure according to the mosquito groups and insecticide classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Eun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Shin
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Department of Entomology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Shik Choi
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyeong Choe
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pum Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyeock Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju Hyeon Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The northern house mosquito Culex pipiens sensu stricto is one of the most important disease vector mosquitoes in temperate zones across the northern hemisphere, responsible for the emergence of West Nile Virus over the last two decades. It comprises two ecologically distinct forms - an aboveground form, pipiens, diapauses in winter and primarily bites birds, while a belowground form, molestus, thrives year-round in subways, basements and other human-made, belowground habitats, bites mammals, and can even lay eggs without a blood meal. The two forms hybridize in some but not all places, leading to a complex ecological mosaic that complicates predictions of vectorial capacity. Moreover, the origin of the belowground molestus is contentious, with iconic populations from the London Underground subway system being held up by evolutionary biologists as a preeminent example of rapid, in situ, urban adaptation and speciation. We review the recent and historical literature on the origin and ecology of this important mosquito and its enigmatic forms. A synthesis of genetic and ecological studies spanning 100+ years clarifies a striking latitudinal gradient - behaviorally divergent and reproductively isolated forms in northern Europe gradually break down into what appear to be well-mixed, intermediate populations in North Africa. Moreover, a continuous narrative thread dating back to the original description of form molestus in Egypt in 1775 refutes the popular idea that belowground mosquitoes in London evolved in situ from their aboveground counterparts. These enigmatic mosquitoes are more likely derived from populations in the Middle East, where human-biting and other adaptations to human environments may have evolved on the timescale of millennia rather than centuries. We outline several areas for future work and discuss the implications of these patterns for public health and for our understanding of urban adaptation in the Anthropocene.
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Mogi M, Armbruster PA, Tuno N. Differences in Responses to Urbanization Between Invasive Mosquitoes, Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus, in Their Native Range, Japan. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:104-112. [PMID: 31586393 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Asian mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald), have invaded North America, Europe, and other regions since the late 20th century. In invasive ranges, Ae. albopictus has well been recognized as urban, domestic species, whereas views about the macrohabitats of Ae. j. japonicus are inconsistent. Previous reports in Japan suggest the disappearance of Ae. j. japonicus from metropolises. However, container-mosquito larvae have not been inspected simultaneously for various macro and microhabitats in metropolises in Japan. The current study in Fukuoka City, a metropolis in southwest Japan, confirmed the absence of Ae. j. japonicus irrespective of macrohabitats (temples with graveyards, shrines, public graveyards, cultivated bamboo groves, and urban forests, all within the area densely inhabited by humans) and microhabitats (container types). In contrast, Ae. albopictus was dominant throughout the macro and microhabitats except forest tree holes rich with competitive species. Past records indicate the disappearance of Ae. j. japonicus from metropolitan Fukuoka within the last 70 yr. Based on careful examination of available evidence, we concluded that 1) both species benefit from human-made environments with artificial containers free from competitors, 2) Ae. j. japonicus disappeared due to hot, dry summer conditions facilitated by urban heat-island effects and a decrease in favored mammal hosts, and 3) Ae. albopictus has proliferated with higher tolerance to hot, dry climate and a wider blood-feeding host-range including humans. This difference is important for efficient control of each species as well as predicting and preventing the expansion into new distribution ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyoshi Mogi
- Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima, Saga, Japan (retired)
| | | | - Nobuko Tuno
- Laboratory of Ecology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Aardema ML, vonHoldt BM, Fritz ML, Davis SR. Global evaluation of taxonomic relationships and admixture within the Culex pipiens complex of mosquitoes. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:8. [PMID: 31915057 PMCID: PMC6950815 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within the Culex pipiens mosquito complex, there are six contemporarily recognized taxa: Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. pipiens f. pipiens, Cx. pipiens f. molestus, Cx. pipiens pallens, Cx. australicus and Cx. globocoxitus. Many phylogenetic aspects within this complex have eluded resolution, such as the relationship of the two Australian endemic taxa to the other four members, as well as the evolutionary origins and taxonomic status of Cx. pipiens pallens and Cx. pipiens f. molestus. Ultimately, insights into lineage relationships within the complex will facilitate a better understanding of differential disease transmission by these mosquitoes. To this end, we have combined publicly available data with our own sequencing efforts to examine these questions. RESULTS We found that the two Australian endemic complex members, Cx. australicus and Cx. globocoxitus, comprise a monophyletic group, are genetically distinct, and are most closely related to the cosmopolitan Cx. quinquefasciatus. Our results also show that Cx. pipiens pallens is genetically distinct, but may have arisen from past hybridization. Lastly, we observed complicated patterns of genetic differentiation within and between Cx. pipiens f. pipiens and Cx. pipiens f. molestus. CONCLUSIONS Two Australian endemic Culex taxa, Cx. australicus and Cx. globocoxitus, belong within the Cx. pipiens complex, but have a relatively older evolutionary origin. They likely diverged from Cx. quinquefasciatus after its colonization of Australia. The taxon Cx. pipiens pallens is a distinct evolutionary entity that likely arose from past hybridization between Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. pipiens f. pipiens/Cx. pipiens f. molestus. Our results do not suggest it derives from ongoing hybridization. Finally, genetic differentiation within the Cx. pipiens f. pipiens and Cx. pipiens f. molestus samples suggests that they collectively form two separate geographic clades, one in North America and one in Europe and the Mediterranean. This may indicate that the Cx. pipiens f. molestus form has two distinct origins, arising from Cx. pipiens f. pipiens in each region. However, ongoing genetic exchange within and between these taxa have obscured their evolutionary histories, and could also explain the absence of monophyly among our samples. Overall, this work suggests many avenues that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Aardema
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ USA
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Megan L. Fritz
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Steven R. Davis
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY USA
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Wang X, Tu WC, Huang EJ, Chen YH, Chen JH, Yeh WB. Identification of Disease-Transmitting Mosquitoes: Development of Species-Specific Probes for DNA Chip Assay Using Mitochondrial COI and ND2 Genes and Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 2. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:396-402. [PMID: 28028142 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes, which transmit infectious diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, are harmful to human health. Thus, accurate and rapid identification of vectors is a critical step for the control of mosquito-borne diseases. However, phenotypic variations in adults, lack of recognizable features of the immature, and fragility of mosquitoes make identification difficult. Molecular approaches have been widely applied to identify mosquitoes, yet these methods have been focused only on the identification of a few species. This study used sequences of two mitochondrial genes, COI and ND2, and a ribosomal gene, ITS2, to design species-specific probes. Biochips thus developed were able to provide simultaneous identification of nine important medical and veterinary species, including the immature, from genera of Aedes, Anopheles, Armigeres, and Culex. This chip was also applied to samples collected from the field. Despite its inability to resolve the close affinity species of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex pipiens molestus, pertinent biochips are expected to be applied to a mass screening method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- International Travel Healthcare Center, 131 Dongjie Rd., Gulou District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China (; )
- Beneficial Insects Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shang Xia Dian Rd., Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuan Rd., South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan ( ; ; )
| | - Wu-Chun Tu
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuan Rd., South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (; ; )
| | - En-Jiong Huang
- International Travel Healthcare Center, 131 Dongjie Rd., Gulou District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China (; )
| | - Yen-Hou Chen
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuan Rd., South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (; ; )
| | - Jia-Hua Chen
- Beneficial Insects Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shang Xia Dian Rd., Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wen-Bin Yeh
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuan Rd., South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (; ; )
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Sota T, Belton P, Tseng M, Yong HS, Mogi M. Phylogeography of the coastal mosquito Aedes togoi across climatic zones: testing an anthropogenic dispersal hypothesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131230. [PMID: 26107619 PMCID: PMC4479490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The coastal mosquito Aedes togoi occurs more or less continuously from subarctic to subtropic zones along the coasts of the Japanese islands and the East Asian mainland. It occurs also in tropical Southeast Asia and the North American Pacific coast, and the populations there are thought to have been introduced from Japan by ship. To test this hypothesis, the genetic divergence among geographic populations of A. togoi was studied using one mitochondrial and three nuclear gene sequences. We detected 71 mitochondrial haplotypes forming four lineages, with high nucleotide diversity around temperate Japan and declining towards peripheral ranges. The major lineage (L1) comprised 57 haplotypes from temperate and subarctic zones in Japan and Southeast Asia including southern China and Taiwan. Two other lineages were found from subtropical islands (L3) and a subarctic area (L4) of Japan. The Canadian population showed one unique haplotype (L2) diverged from the other lineages. In the combined nuclear gene tree, individuals with mitochondrial L4 haplotypes diverged from those with the other mitochondrial haplotypes L1—L3; although individuals with L1—L3 haplotypes showed shallow divergences in the nuclear gene sequences, individuals from Southeast Asia and Canada each formed a monophyletic group. Overall, the genetic composition of the Southeast Asian populations was closely related to that of temperate Japanese populations, suggesting recent gene flow between these regions. The Canadian population might have originated from anthropogenic introduction from somewhere in Asia, but the possibility that it could have spread across the Beringian land bridge cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teiji Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606–8502, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter Belton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Michelle Tseng
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hoi Sen Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Motoyoshi Mogi
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Pathology and Biodefense, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, 849–8501, Japan
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A Kassim NF, Webb CE, Wang Q, Russell RC. Australian distribution, genetic status and seasonal abundance of the exotic mosquitoCulex molestus(Forskal) (Diptera: Culicidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/aen.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cameron E Webb
- Department of Medical Entomology; The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital; Westmead; NSW; 2145; Australia
| | - Qinning Wang
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology; Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research; Westmead Hospital; Westmead; NSW; 2145; Australia
| | - Richard C Russell
- Department of Medical Entomology; The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital; Westmead; NSW; 2145; Australia
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