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Duan DF, Wen Y, Yan Y, Li L, Xiao X, Li X, Yan LJ, Ma DY. Chinese Healthcare Workers' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Diabetic Kidney Management: A Multi-Centered Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:1211-1225. [PMID: 38742137 PMCID: PMC11090199 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s354549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Given the importance of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) management, this study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices in disease management demonstrated by healthcare workers from the nephrology department. Materials and Methods This study is a multi-centered cross-sectional study, and adopts snowball sampling, with 530 healthcare workers being recruited to complete a questionnaire covering areas such as demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of DKD management. This data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistics analysis. Results In this study, 530 healthcare workers were studied, including 94 doctors and 436 nurses. The participants were mainly from general tertiary hospitals in 14 provinces. For Chinese nurse, the results indicate that both poor knowledge level (Odds Ratio (OR) =0.63, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.42-0.94) and having experience in further medical training in nephrology (OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.20-3.08) are associated with the practice levels. For Chinese doctors, having not experience in further medical training in nephrology (OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.15-0.83) are associated with their practice levels. Conclusion In summary, Chinese doctors and nurses in this study showed positive attitudes towards DKD management, but their knowledge and practical skills were lacking. This underscores a notable gap in achieving optimal DKD care. Notably, nurses' knowledge influenced their management practices, and additional nephrology training correlated with better engagement. To improve patient care, enhancing nephrology healthcare professional training and addressing knowledge-practice disparities are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-fei Duan
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Jia Yan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deng-Yan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
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Alqahtani SS, Ahmad S, Alam N, Kashan Syed N, Syed MH, Khardali A, Yasmeen A, Alshahrani AM, I Alzarea A, Alanazi AS, Hassan Elnaem M. Healthcare professionals' awareness, attitudes and practices towards pharmacovigilance and spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia: A survey study. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:979-988. [PMID: 37234340 PMCID: PMC10205759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are the foremost cause of morbidity as well as mortality. This necessitates a system of surveillance that can effectively and efficiently monitor the effect of drugs on the general population. The role of pharmacovigilance (PV) is paramount in ensuring drug safety through spontaneous ADR reporting. Methods Data collection in the current research was carried out by an anonymous, online 36-item self-report questionnaire amongst a sample of 351 working healthcare professionals (HCPs) across different regions of Jazan Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The current sample comprised 54.4% males and 45.6% females, having an age range of 26-57 years, and was conducted between August 21 and October 21, 2022. Participants were recruited using the convenience snowball sampling technique. Results The participants' awareness of PV as well as spontaneous ADR reporting, had a significant association with having <40 years of age (χ2 = 27.40; p < 0.001), being pharmacists (χ2 = 212.20; p < 0.001), with more than five years of experience (χ2 = 40.80; p < 0.001), having Masters (or) Doctorate/Fellowship (χ2 = 171.94; p < 0.001), and having their practice located in an urban area (χ2 = 50.30; p < 0.001). It was also observed that most participants with excellent awareness of PV and spontaneous ADR reporting also demonstrated excellent attitudes (χ2 = 147.70; p < 0.001). Similarly, it was also seen that almost all (97%) of the study sample with excellent attitudes towards PV and spontaneous ADR reporting also demonstrated excellent practices (χ2 = 250.73; p < 0.001). Conclusion Our results demonstrate a need for designing and conducting educational programs, providing training and conducting workshops for all the HCPs to improve their awareness towards PV and spontaneous ADR reporting while also highlighting the need and importance of having positive attitudes towards spontaneous ADR reporting. Cooperation between different HCPs should be encouraged to improve their practices towards spontaneous ADR reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad S. Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawazish Alam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabeel Kashan Syed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamoon H. Syed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Khardali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayesha Yasmeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz I Alzarea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hassan Elnaem
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52, ISA, United Kingdom
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Akel M, Hajj A, Sacre H, Zeenny RM, Haddad C, Salameh P. Developing a national pharmaceutical research strategy in Lebanon: opportunities to bridge the gaps and reach the goals. J Pharm Policy Pract 2022; 15:83. [DOI: 10.1186/s40545-022-00485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPharmaceutical research can be structured into clear national strategies that optimize patient health and foster innovation. The objectives of this document are to assess the need for a national pharmaceutical research strategy based on the current situation in Lebanon, to identify the strengths and weaknesses of pharmaceutical research in Lebanon, and to suggest a pharmaceutical research strategy for Lebanon, including goals and objectives. In Lebanon, in the absence of a national health research policy, pharmaceutical research is conducted in academia or hospitals, although projects are the result of personal or team initiatives that should be organized to better serve the needs of the country. Many strengths of pharmaceutical research were identified, such as the pharmaceutical workforce and academics who are willing to contribute to research, while the implementation of the national pharmaceutical strategy represents an important opportunity to promote research. Among the weaknesses is the lack of research culture in some institutions and interinstitutional/interprofessional collaborations. Thus, the suggested strategy aims to structure pharmaceutical research in Lebanon, including the priorities towards which research is directed, the process by which research is conducted, and the workforce conducting research. It will mainly rely on the World Health Organization's interrelated goals (organization, priorities, capacity, standards, and translation). The implementation of the suggested pharmaceutical research strategy will only be achieved through the leadership of the pharmaceutical authorities and the collaboration of stakeholders.
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Chen L, Liu Y, Xi X. Study of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding patient education in hypertension among community pharmacists in China. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1295. [PMID: 36307843 PMCID: PMC9615190 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the prevention and treatment of hypertension, patient education is an important measure to improve the awareness rate and control rate of patients. The professional and geographical advantages of community pharmacists enable them to play an important role in the patient education in hypertension. The purpose of this study was to understand the situation of patient education in hypertension conducted in Chinese community pharmacies, and put forward measures according to the problems. Methods A multi-stage competitive sampling by convenience was used to select community pharmacists working in community pharmacies in China for the study. Based on KAP theory, the first draft of the questionnaire was designed and the Delphi method was used to improve the questionnaire and a pre-study was conducted to test the reliability of the questionnaire. In January 2020, electronic questionnaires were distributed to 143 community pharmacists in Chinese community pharmacies. SPSS24 software was used for descriptive statistics and subgroup analysis of data. Results One hundred and eight valid questionnaires were collected, and the efficiency rate was 75.5%. Most of the respondents were younger than 30 years old (98.1%), and had bachelor’s degree (95.4%). In terms of knowledge, only 15.7% considered themselves "very good" and even 10.2% considered themselves "very bad". Only 35%-55% of respondents answered correctly for patient education content that requires more specialized knowledge, such as treatment and medication. Respondents generally had a positive attitude on the effect of hypertension patient education, but slightly less recognition of their role in patient education. In terms of practice, programs related to patient education have been conducted to different degrees. More than 30% of the community pharmacists interviewed implemented them occasionally or never. Conclusions Despite a positive attitude, most of the respondents did not have a high level of knowledge or practice. In China, more research evidence and new guidelines are needed to emphasize the importance and responsibilities of community pharmacists. Continuing education should be certificated at the national level and meet the various needs of community pharmacists. And salary incentives can be tried to motivate them.
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Self-reported and the actual involvement of community pharmacy professionals in the management of acute childhood diarrhea in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia: Simulated patient visits and survey study. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1497-1506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Zeenny RM, Dimassi A, Sacre H, El Khoury G, Hajj A, Farah R, Hajj H, Lahoud N, Akel M, Hallit S, Salameh P. A cross-sectional survey on community pharmacists readiness to fight COVID-19 in a developing country: knowledge, attitude, and practice in Lebanon. J Pharm Policy Pract 2021; 14:51. [PMID: 34116719 PMCID: PMC8193173 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-021-00327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lebanon, a developing Middle Eastern country, was hit by the COVID-19 pandemic that occurred amid a severe national economic crisis. Community pharmacists are responsible for dispensing appropriate medications and products in addition to counseling, informing and educating the public, and promoting disease prevention and infection control. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess community pharmacists' knowledge, attitude, and practice towards the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate behavior changes and safety measures. METHODS An anonymous and standardized online questionnaire in English was disseminated via social media platforms to Lebanese community pharmacists. The questionnaire consisted of 95 items designed as Likert-scales and multiple-choice questions divided into four different sections: socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge-based, attitude-based, and pharmacy practice questions. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to summarize the demographic characteristics, and indices were created for knowledge, attitude, and practice by computing the correct answers for each section. RESULTS A total of 310 questionnaires were completed. Around 61% have expressed their fear of getting infected with COVID-19 due to occupational exposure. The respondents were able to answer 80-90% of the knowledge-based questions of the survey. A more careful/anxious attitude, but not knowledge, was associated with overall better practice (p = 0.03). Also, respondents stated that they are dispensing protective equipment items such as masks (87%), gloves (60%), and sanitizers (77%) in small quantities due to limited availability. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed an adequate level of knowledge and good practice towards COVID-19 among Lebanese community pharmacists. Their fears of contracting the virus and compromising the safety of those around them are justified. However, their supply of protective equipment is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony M Zeenny
- Pharmacy Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Dimassi
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghada El Khoury
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacy and Quality Control of Drugs, Pôle Technologie-Santé (PTS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Rita Farah
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Hind Hajj
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Lahoud
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- CERIPH: Center for Research in Public Health, Pharmacoepidemiology Surveillance Unit, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Sacre H, Hallit S, Hajj A, Zeenny RM, Akel M, Raad E, Salameh P. Developing Core Competencies for Pharmacy Graduates: The Lebanese Experience. J Pharm Pract 2020; 35:332-339. [PMID: 33084476 DOI: 10.1177/0897190020966195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the absence of a national qualification framework for health professionals, the Lebanese Order of Pharmacists (OPL) took the initiative of developing a pharmacy competency framework to standardize pharmacy education in all universities. The objective of this manuscript is to describe the steps that led to the Lebanese Pharmacy Core Competencies Framework. METHODS Based on a primer developed by a group of academic instructors, following international reference documents from different parts of the world, the Academic board appointed by the OPL, reviewed, streamlined, and validated the suggested primer using the Delphi technique over three rounds, to come up with the final framework. RESULTS The framework encompassed competencies distributed over 7 domains: fundamental knowledge, professional practice, personal skills, supply of medications, safe and rational use of medications, pharmaceutical public health competencies, and organization and management competencies. Its structure was similar to that of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), with cultural and legal adaptations and the addition of some behaviors related to OPL specific practice and research projects. CONCLUSION This work describes the elaboration of the Lebanese Pharmacy Core Competencies Framework, a project considered to be an essential step forward for the profession and a first step toward providing information on human resource planning and professional development of the pharmacy workforce. Instead of adapting existing international educational standards from resource-rich contexts, which may not meet the actual needs of Lebanon, universities can draw our findings to develop relevant programs targeting the skills needed for health workers in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Sacre
- Drug Information Center, 67014Lebanese Order of Pharmacists, Beirut, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacy and Drug Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pôle Technologie-Santé (PTS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, 36925Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, 66984American University Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese 125671International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Raad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 63572Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, 63572Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, 63572Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Hu Y, Yao D, Ung COL, Hu H. Promoting Community Pharmacy Practice for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Management: A Systematic Review and Logic Model. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:1863-1875. [PMID: 32821091 PMCID: PMC7425088 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s254477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed 1) to identify and analyse the professional services provided by community pharmacists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management; and 2) to develop a logic model for community pharmacy practice for COPD management. Methods A systematic review with a logic model was applied. English-language databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus) and a Chinese database (CNKI) were searched for articles published between January 2009 and June 2019. Studies concerning pharmacists and COPD were identified to screen for studies that focused on professional services provided at a community pharmacy level. Evidence on economic, clinical, and humanistic outcomes of interventions was summarized. Results Twenty-five articles were included in this study. Four categories of COPD-related interventions by community pharmacists were identified: 1) primary prevention; 2) early detection; 3) therapy management; and 4) long-term health management. The most common outputs examined were improvement in inhaler technique, medication adherence, and rate of smoking cessation. The clinical (improved quality of life, reduced frequency and severity of symptoms and exacerbation), humanistic (patient satisfaction), and economic (overall healthcare costs) outcomes were tested for some interventions through clinical studies. Contextual factors concerning pharmacists, healthcare providers, patients, facilities, clinic context, and socio-economic aspects were also identified. Conclusion Studies in the literature have proposed and examined different components of professional services provided by community pharmacists for COPD management. However, relationships among outcomes, comprehensive professional services of community pharmacists, and contextual factors have not been systematically tested. More well-designed, rigorous studies with more sensitive and specific outcomes measures need to be conducted to assess the effect of community pharmacy practice for COPD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongning Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
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