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Chang TH, Pourtois JD, Haddock NL, Furkuawa D, Kelly KE, Amanatullah DF, Burgener E, Milla C, Banaei N, Bollyky PL. Prophages are Infrequently Associated With Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.02.595912. [PMID: 38895396 PMCID: PMC11185549 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.02.595912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant obstacle to the treatment of bacterial infections, including in the context of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Lysogenic bacteriophages can integrate their genome into the bacterial chromosome and are known to promote genetic transfer between bacterial strains. However, the contribution of lysogenic phages to the incidence of AMR is poorly understood. Here, in a set of 187 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from 82 patients with CF, we evaluate the links between prophages and both genomic and phenotypic resistance to five anti-pseudomonal antibiotics: tobramycin, colistin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, aztreonam, and tazobactam. We find that P. aeruginosa isolates contain on average 3.06 +/-1.84 (SD) predicted prophages. We find no significant association between the number of prophages per isolate and the mean inhibitory concentration (MIC) for any of these antibiotics. We then investigate the relationship between particular prophages and AMR. We identify a single lysogenic phage that is associated with phenotypic resistance to the antibiotic tobramycin. Consistent with this association, we identify AMR genes associated with resistance to tobramycin in these strains and find that they are not encoded directly on prophage sequences. These findings suggest that prophages are infrequently associated with the AMR genes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa .
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Labecka L, Ķibilds J, Cīrulis A, Čeirāne ED, Zeltiņa I, Reinis A, Vilima B, Rudzīte D, Erts R, Mauliņa I, Bandere D, Krūmiņa A. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistancein Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus spp. Obtained from Hospital Patients in Latvia. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:850. [PMID: 38929467 PMCID: PMC11206013 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Enterococci are typically found in a healthy human gastrointestinal tract but can cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. Such infections are treated with antibiotics. This study addresses the rising concern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterococci, focusing on the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) strains. Materials and Methods: The pilot study involved 140 Enterococci isolates collected between 2021 and 2022 from two multidisciplinary hospitals (with and without local therapeutic drug monitoring protocol of vancomycin) in Latvia. Microbiological assays and whole genome sequencing were used. AMR gene prevalence with resistance profiles were determined and the genetic relationship and outbreak evaluation were made by applying core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST). Results: The acquired genes and mutations were responsible for resistance against 10 antimicrobial classes, including 25.0% of isolates expressing resistance to vancomycin, predominantly of the vanB type. Genetic diversity among E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates was observed and seven potential outbreak clusters were identified, three of them containing sequence types ST6, ST78 and ST80. The prevalence of vancomycin resistance was highest in the hospital without a therapeutic drug-monitoring protocol and in E. faecium. Notably, a case of linezolid resistance due to a mutation was documented. Conclusions: The study illustrates the concerning prevalence of multidrug-resistant Enterococci in Latvian hospitals, showcasing the rather widespread occurrence of vancomycin-resistant strains. This highlights the urgency of implementing efficient infection control mechanisms and the need for continuous VRE surveillance in Latvia to define the scope and pattern of the problem, influencing clinical decision making and planning further preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Labecka
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia (A.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Juris Ķibilds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia (A.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Aivars Cīrulis
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia (A.C.); (A.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Evelīna Diāna Čeirāne
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Indra Zeltiņa
- Department of Infectology, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Hipokrata Street 2, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia; (D.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Aigars Reinis
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Pilsoņu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Barba Vilima
- Vidzeme Hospital, Jumaras Street 195, LV-4201 Valmiera, Latvia;
| | - Dace Rudzīte
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Hipokrata Street 2, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia; (D.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Renārs Erts
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raiņa bulvāris 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Inga Mauliņa
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Hipokrata Street 2, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia; (D.R.); (I.M.)
- Vidzeme Hospital, Jumaras Street 195, LV-4201 Valmiera, Latvia;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Dace Bandere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia
| | - Angelika Krūmiņa
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia (A.C.); (A.K.)
- Department of Infectology, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
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Chimi LY, Noubom M, Bisso BN, Singor Njateng GS, Dzoyem JP. Biofilm Formation, Pyocyanin Production, and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Wounds. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:1207536. [PMID: 38414729 PMCID: PMC10898945 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1207536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most frequently resistant and dangerous bacteria isolated from infected wounds of patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosa from infected wounds of patients in the Dschang District Hospital to evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility profiles and their ability to swarm and swim and correlate pyocyanin production with biofilm formation. Wound swab samples were collected and the identification of P. aeruginosa was performed using microbiological and biochemical tests. Their antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the broth microdilution method. Swarming and swimming were determined by measuring the diameters of motility in semisolid/low-viscosity media. Furthermore, pyocyanin production and biofilm formation were evaluated spectrophotometrically using a microtiter plate. The prevalence of P. aeruginosa from infected wounds in our study population was 26%. All P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to streptomycin and paromomycin, and the frequency of multidrug resistance (MDR) was 65.8%. All P. aeruginosa isolates showed the ability to produce biofilm and pyocyanin. Out of the 37 isolates screened, 19 including the reference strains (51.4%) were strong biofilm producers. A significant positive correlation was observed among biofilm formation, pyocyanin production, and the antibiotic resistance profile of the isolates. Findings from this study suggest that infected wounds could act as a reservoir for MDR and virulent P. aeruginosa. The presence of strong biofilm producers of P. aeruginosa in infected wounds is a serious public health concern. Therefore, surveillance programs to monitor and control MDR P. aeruginosa in these patients are required to prevent their dissemination in hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Yetendje Chimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Michel Noubom
- Department of Microbiology, Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Borel Ndezo Bisso
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Paul Dzoyem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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El-Badawy MF, Eed EM, Sleem AS, El-Sheikh AAK, Maghrabi IA, Abdelwahab SF. The First Saudi Report of Novel and Common Mutations in the gyrA and parC Genes Among Pseudomonas Spp. Clinical Isolates Recovered from Taif Area. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:3801-3814. [PMID: 35875614 PMCID: PMC9300750 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s372027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Reports examine quinolone resistance mechanisms among Pseudomonas spp. are sporadic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We previously examined the genetic bases of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance among Pseudomonas spp. clinical isolates. This study investigated chromosomally mediated quinolone resistance mechanisms via investigation of the mutations in the gyrA and parC genes. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to different quinolones was determined. Twenty-nine quinolone resistant Pseudomonas spp. clinical isolates were included. The gyrA and parC genes were sequenced by Sanger capillary electrophoresis. Multiple sequence alignment for the translated gyrA and parC genes was performed to identify mutation sites. Results Of the 29 isolates, 27 isolates were P. aeruginosa and two were P. putida. The cluster analysis of the quinolone susceptibility pattern revealed seven susceptibility phenotypes (A-G) based on susceptibility patterns rather than the MIC values. Also, 22 different susceptibility phenotypes were detected based on MIC values. All isolates exhibited a missense mutation at position 83 (S83I/T/F) of the gyrA gene in addition to six missense mutations at positions outside the QRDR of this gene. In addition, 82.8% (24/29) of the isolates harbored a missense mutation in the parC gene at position 87 (S87L), along with six novel mutations outside the QRDR of the parC gene. Haplotyping of the gyrA, parC, and the overall QRDR revealed six, 10, and 13 different haplotypes, respectively. Conclusion This study documents the incidence of the commonly reported mutations in the gyrA and parC genes in addition to novel mutations in these genes among Pseudomonas spp. clinical isolates recovered from KSA. Together with our previous findings, these data provide an insight into the genetic background of quinolone resistance among Pseudomonas spp. clinical isolates in KSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F El-Badawy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Emad M Eed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa S Sleem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, 32511, Egypt
| | - Azza A K El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Maghrabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed F Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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