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Fu C, Lu Z, Shi J, Liu F, Su X. Knockdown of WISP1/DKK1 restrains phenotypic plasticity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03639-6. [PMID: 39093516 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wnt-induced signaling protein 1 (WISP1) and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) are highly expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but no direct connection was identified between them. Phenotypic plasticity is a hallmark of ESCC. This research intended to identify the association between WISP1 and DKK1 and their roles in the phenotypic plasticity of ESCC. METHODS Genes differentially expressed in esophageal carcinoma were analyzed in the GEO database, followed by analyses of GO and KEGG enrichment to screen the hub gene. WISP1 expression and DKK1 secretion was assessed in ESCC tissues and cells. The tumor xenograft and in vivo metastasis models were established by injecting ESCC cells into nude mice. Functional deficiency and rescue experiments were conducted, followed by assays for cell proliferation, migration/invasion, stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and apoptosis, as well as tumor volume, weight, proliferation, stemness, and lung metastasis. The binding relationship and co-expression of WISP1 and DKK1 were determined. RESULTS WISP1 and DKK1 were upregulated in ESCC cells and tissues, and WISP1 was enriched in the cell stemness and Wnt pathways. WISP1 knockdown subdued proliferation, migration/invasion, EMT activity, and stemness but enhanced apoptosis in ESCC cells. WISP1 knockdown restrained ESCC growth, proliferation, stemness, and metastasis in vivo. WISP1 bound to DKK1 in ESCC. DKK1 overexpression abolished the repressive impacts of WISP1 knockdown on the malignant behaviors of ESCC cells in vitro and of ESCC tumor in vivo. CONCLUSION Knockdown of WISP1/DKK1 restrains the phenotypic plasticity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fu
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Lu
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - J Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - F Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luhe People's Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, 211599, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Su
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Li F, Wang X, Zhang J, Nie H, He S, Li Y, Xia R, Zhu Y. Low levels of Cd 2+ combined with procymidone may cause ovarian damage in mice via unfolded protein response. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3160-3171. [PMID: 38323353 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
As no study about the combined effect of low levels of Cd2+ with procymidone (PCM) on organs and organisms, we investigated their actions on mouse-ovary in vivo and in vitro. Four-week mice were treated with corn oil for the control group, corn oil + 0.0045 mg/L Cd2+ (CdCl2 was dissolved in ultrapure water and freely consumed by mice) for Cd2+ group, 50 mg/kg/d PCM (suspended in corn oil and administered orally to mice) for PCM group, and 50 mg/kg/d PCM + 0.0015 (0.0045 and 0.0135) mg/L Cd2+ for L+ (M+ and H+) PCM group for 21 days. For in vitro experiment, the cultured ovaries were treated with acetone for the control group, 0.1% acetone + 8.4 μg/L Cd2+ for the Cd2+ group, 0.63 mg/L PCM (dissolved in acetone) for the PCM-group, and 0.63 mg/L PCM + 2.8 (8.4 and 25.2) μg/L Cd2+ for L+ (M+ and H+) PCM group for 7 days. Mouse body weight in each treatment group, the weight and volume of ovaries in all PCM groups were lower than the control. Both in vivo and in vitro, all-stage follicle numbers were lower in M+PCM and H+PCM groups, whereas the atretic follicles and CASPASE3/8 were higher; meanwhile, lower estradiol and progesterone and higher unfolded protein response (UPR) members in all PCM groups. L+, M+, and H+PCM groups had further ovarian damage and stronger UPR than PCM groups, as did M+PCM groups over Cd2+ groups. It is hypothesized low-level PCM and Cd2+ may mutually promote each other's triggered UPR and exacerbate ovarian damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Nie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shiyun He
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yushan Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruowen Xia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Domínguez-Oliva A, Hernández-Ávalos I, Olmos-Hernández A, Villegas-Juache J, Verduzco-Mendoza A, Mota-Rojas D. Thermal Response of Laboratory Rats ( Rattus norvegicus) during the Application of Six Methods of Euthanasia Assessed by Infrared Thermography. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2820. [PMID: 37760220 PMCID: PMC10526081 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Refinement is one of the principles aiming to promote welfare in research animals. The techniques used during an experimental protocol, including euthanasia selection, must prevent and minimize suffering. Although the current euthanasia methods applied to laboratory rodents are accepted, the controversial findings regarding the potential stress/distress they can cause is a field of research. The objective was to assess the thermal response of Wistar rats during various euthanasia methods using infrared thermography (IRT) to determine the method that prevents or diminishes the stress response and prolonged suffering. Pentobarbital (G1), CO2 (G2), decapitation (G3), isoflurane (G4), ketamine + xylazine (G5), and ketamine + CO2 (G6) were evaluated at five evaluation times with IRT to identify changes in the surface temperature of four anatomical regions: ocular (T°ocu), auricular (T°ear), interscapular (T°dor), and caudal (T°tai). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in G2 and G4, registering temperature increases from the administration of the drug to the cessation of respiratory rate and heart rate. Particularly, isoflurane showed a marked thermal response in T°ocu, T°ear, T°dor, and T°tai, suggesting that, in general, inhalant euthanasia methods induce stress in rats and that isoflurane might potentially cause distress, an effect that must be considered when deciding humane euthanasia methods in laboratory rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Master in Science Program “Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias”, Xochimilco Campus, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
- Neurophysiology of Pain, Behavior and Assessment of Welfare in Domestic Animals, DPAA, Xochimilco Campus, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Ismael Hernández-Ávalos
- Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Biological Sciences Department, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Adriana Olmos-Hernández
- Division of Biotechnology—Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Juan Villegas-Juache
- Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Antonio Verduzco-Mendoza
- Division of Biotechnology—Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology of Pain, Behavior and Assessment of Welfare in Domestic Animals, DPAA, Xochimilco Campus, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
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Stuckey JE, Makhija SD, Reimer DC, Eswaraka JR. Effects of Different Grades of Carbon Dioxide on Euthanasia of Mice ( Mus musculus). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2023; 62:430-437. [PMID: 37758463 PMCID: PMC10597336 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-23-000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a conditionally acceptable method for mouse euthanasia, according to the American Veterinary Medical Association Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals. In a 2012 Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW) webinar, representatives of OLAW, the USDA and AAALACi stated that different grades of CO2, including nonpharmaceutical grades, are acceptable as long as the minimum purity is 99.0%. No systematic studies have been published on the effects of different grades of CO2 on animal welfare during euthanasia. In this study, mice were euthanized with one of 3 grades of CO2: USP medical (> 99.2% CO2), bone-dry (> 99.9% CO2), or industrial (> 99.0% CO2). Times to recumbency and cessation of breathing were measured, and escape and avoidance behaviors were noted. Our results show no difference in time to recumbency and time to cessation of breathing in mice euthanized with these different grades of CO2. The average time to recumbency for medical, bone-dry, and industrial grades of CO2 were 39 ± 6 s, 37 ± 7 s, and 37 ± 6 s, respectively. The average time to cessation of breathing for medical, bone-dry, and industrial grades of CO2 were 135 ± 16 s, 131 ± 12 s, and 133 ± 10 s, respectively. Histologic assessment of the nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, and lungs showed no difference between grades of CO2 used for euthanasia. According to survey results, responding facilities most commonly used industrial and pharmaceutical grades, with use of the pharmaceutical grade increasing with facility size. A small portion of respondents reported occasional difficulty in obtaining the desired grades of CO2. Given our demonstration that the CO2 grade used for euthanasia is not associated with welfare issues, institutions can have the flexibility to plan for disasters or supply chain problems. In addition, cost savings may be associated with the option of switching between medical, bone-dry, and industrial grades of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce E Stuckey
- Rutgers Animal Care, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Sarah D Makhija
- Rutgers Animal Care, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - David C Reimer
- Rutgers Animal Care, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Yang F, Sun Z, Wang D, Du T. MiR-106b-5p regulates esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by binding to HPGD. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:308. [PMID: 35317779 PMCID: PMC8941792 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have documented the key role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Although the expression of the 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD) gene and miR-106b-5p are reportedly linked to cancer progression, their underlying mechanisms in ESCC remain unclear. METHODS mRNA and miRNA expression in ESCC tissues and cells were analyzed using RT-qPCR. Luciferase and RNA pull-down assays were used to identify the interaction between miR-106b-5p and HPGD. Xenograft and pulmonary metastasis models were used to assess tumor growth and metastasis. CCK-8, BrdU, colony formation, adhesion, cell wound healing, Transwell, and caspase-3/7 activity assays, and flow cytometry and western blot analyses were used to examine the function of miR-106-5p and HPGD in ESCC cell lines. RESULTS The findings revealed that miR-106b-5p expression was upregulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines. miR-106b-5p augmented cellular proliferation, colony formation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and proportion of cells in the S-phase, but reduced apoptosis and the proportion of cells in G1-phase. Silencing of miR-106-5p inhibited tumor growth in vivo and pulmonary metastasis. Although HPGD overexpression suppressed proliferation, colony formation, adhesion, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells, it promoted apoptosis and caused cell cycle arrest of the ESCC cells. The results also indicated a direct interaction of HPGD with miR-106b-5p in ESCC cells. Furthermore, miR-106b-5p inhibited HPGD expression, thereby suppressing ESCC tumorigenesis. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that miR-106b-5p enhances proliferation, colony formation, adhesion, migration, and invasion, and induces the cycle progression, but represses apoptosis of ESCC cells by targeting HPGD. This suggests that the miR-106b-5p/HPGD axis may serve as a promising target for the diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, No. 114, Tianjin Street, Huangshi, 435000, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhanwen Sun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, No. 114, Tianjin Street, Huangshi, 435000, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Dengyun Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, No. 114, Tianjin Street, Huangshi, 435000, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Tian Du
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, No. 114, Tianjin Street, Huangshi, 435000, Hubei, P.R. China.
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6
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Xue M, Yang F, Le Y, Yang Y, Wang B, Jia Y, Zheng Z, Xue Y. Klotho protects against diabetic kidney disease via AMPK- and ERK-mediated autophagy. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:1413-1423. [PMID: 34046744 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and results in serious public health problems. Although a great number of studies have been performed to elucidate the mechanisms of this disease, these mechanisms remain largely unknown. METHODS Cell and animal models were first constructed using human renal proximal tubule cells stimulated by high glucose (HG) and mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ). After Klotho overexpression, Klotho expression was assessed by RT-PCR and western blot, immunofluorescence; autophagy and AMPK/ERK proteins were confirmed using western blot or immunohistochemical assay; the autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscope; the pathological structure, fibrosis, polysaccharides and glycogen of kidney were evaluated by H&E staining, Masson staining and PAS staining. RESULTS We first confirmed that Klotho expression and autophagic activity were reduced in DM mice and HG-induced human renal proximal tubule cells. Besides, overexpression of Klotho could significantly enhance autophagy and AMPK and ERK1/2 activities in vivo and in vitro, which also could be abolished by selective AMPK inhibitor and ERK activator. Moreover, we proved that Klotho could inhibit hyperglycemia-induced renal tubular damage. CONCLUSION In summary, our results proved that Klotho improved renal tubular cell autophagy via the AMPK and ERK pathways and played a role in renal protection. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism of Klotho and autophagy in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's HospitalJinan UniversityThe First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying Le
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's HospitalJinan UniversityThe First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yanlin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bingsen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's HospitalJinan UniversityThe First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yijie Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zongji Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yaoming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Rodriguez-Sanchez R, Barnaby E, Améndola L, Hea SY, Smith B, Webster J, Zobel G. Voluntary Oral Ingestion of a Sedative Prior to Euthanasia with CO 2: Behavioural Responses of Mice. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102879. [PMID: 34679900 PMCID: PMC8533016 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory mice are commonly euthanised with carbon dioxide (CO2); however, there is ample evidence that this gas is aversive. Previous work suggests that sedation achieved via injection with benzodiazepines prior to CO2 administration could reduce aversive behaviours during euthanasia. We explored the potential of using a voluntarily ingested sedative (tiletamine-zolazepam, Zoletil®) prior to euthanasia. Male and female C57BL/6 mice were allocated into one of the five experimental groups, which differed in the dose of Zoletil: 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 or 100 mg/kg. A dose of 20 mg/kg was found to achieve mild sedation prior to euthanasia; mice which received this dose numerically reared and walked on the cage lid less, and showed ataxia, immobility and recumbency for longer than mice that received a lower dose. During euthanasia, mice that received 20 mg/kg showed fewer aversive responses to CO2. Doses of 40 to 100 mg/kg were associated with signs of moderate to severe sedation, but resulted in an incomplete intake of the sedative, which made the interpretation of the aversiveness to CO2 difficult. Voluntary oral administration of a sedative is an effective, affordable, and easy way to minimize the stress of mice to euthanasia with CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare Team, AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, 10 Bisley Road, Private Bag 3123, 3214 Hamilton, New Zealand;
| | - Elyssa Barnaby
- Animal Ethics Office, AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, 10 Bisley Road, Private Bag 3123, 3214 Hamilton, New Zealand; (E.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Lucia Améndola
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada;
| | - Shen-Yan Hea
- Bioinformatics and Statistics, AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Fitzherbert, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand;
| | - Bobby Smith
- Small Animal Colony, AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, 10 Bisley Road, Private Bag 3123, 3214 Hamilton, New Zealand;
| | - James Webster
- Animal Ethics Office, AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, 10 Bisley Road, Private Bag 3123, 3214 Hamilton, New Zealand; (E.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Gosia Zobel
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare Team, AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, 10 Bisley Road, Private Bag 3123, 3214 Hamilton, New Zealand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-78385911
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Liu X, Guo Y, Yang Y, Qi C, Xiong T, Chen Y, Wu G, Zeng C, Wang D. DRD4 (Dopamine D4 Receptor) Mitigate Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm via Decreasing P38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/NOX4 (NADPH Oxidase 4) Axis-Associated Oxidative Stress. Hypertension 2021; 78:294-307. [PMID: 34176291 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (X.L., C.Q., T.X.)
| | - Yansong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fuzhou, China (Y.G.)
| | - Yuxue Yang
- The Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People's Hospital), China (Y.Y., D.W.)
| | - Chunlei Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (X.L., C.Q., T.X.)
| | - Ting Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (X.L., C.Q., T.X.)
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.C., G.W., C.Z.)
| | - Gengze Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.C., G.W., C.Z.)
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.C., G.W., C.Z.)
| | - Daxin Wang
- The Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Yangzhou University (Taizhou People's Hospital), China (Y.Y., D.W.)
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Wang W, Lv R, Zhang J, Liu Y. circSAMD4A participates in the apoptosis and autophagy of dopaminergic neurons via the miR‑29c‑3p‑mediated AMPK/mTOR pathway in Parkinson's disease. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:540. [PMID: 34080649 PMCID: PMC8170871 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) can lead to movement injury and cognitive dysfunction. Although advances have been made in attenuating PD, the effect of inhibiting the development of PD remains disappointing. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the etiology of Parkinson's disease and developing an alternative therapeutic strategy for patients with PD. A PD mouse model was established using an intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP-HCl; 30 mg/kg/day for 5 days), and a PD cellular model was established by treating SH-SY5Y cells with different concentrations of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) for 24 h. The expression levels of circular RNA sterile α motif domain containing 4A (circSAMD4A) and microRNA (miR)-29c-3p in both midbrain tissues and SH-SY5Y cells were detected via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The interaction between circSAMD4A and miR-29c-3p was verified using a dual-luciferase reporter experiment. Apoptosis-, autophagy- and 5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR cascade-associated proteins in midbrain tissues and SH-SY5Y cells were detected using western blotting. Furthermore, TUNEL staining and flow cytometry were used to analyze cell apoptosis. It was found that circSAMD4A was upregulated, while miR-29c-3p was downregulated in both PD animal and cellular models. Moreover, circSAMD4A directly targeted and negatively regulated miR-29c-3p. Further studies identified that circSAMD4A knockdown inhibited MPTP- or MPP+-induced apoptosis and autophagy; however, these effects were abolished by an miR-29c-3p inhibitor. In addition, circSAMD4A knockdown repressed phosphorylated-AMPK expression and increased mTOR expression in MPTP- or MPP+-induced PD models, the effects of which were reversed by a miR-29c-3p inhibitor. Collectively, these results suggested that circSAMD4A participated in the apoptosis and autophagy of dopaminergic neurons by modulating the AMPK/mTOR cascade via miR-29c-3p in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Rongxiang Lv
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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10
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Li Q, Xiao Z, Wang Y, Liu X, Liu H, Luo Z, Zheng S. Alterations of long non-coding RNA and mRNA profiles associated with extracellular matrix homeostasis and vascular aging in rats. Bioengineered 2021; 12:832-843. [PMID: 33645431 PMCID: PMC8806258 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1889129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging has been closely associated with various cardiovascular disorders; however, its molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. In our study, RNA sequencing was utilized to explore the expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs in the thoracic aortas of young (3 weeks) and old (16 weeks) rats. Functional categorization of differentially expressed mRNAs was evaluated using the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases, and lncRNA–microRNA–mRNA networks was constructed using Cytoscape software. In addition, three upregulated and three downregulated lncRNAs were further confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. A total of 36 lncRNAs and 922 mRNAs were differential expression in the thoracic aortas of young and older rats. In addition, we found differentially expressed mRNAs that were enriched in multiple biological processes and signaling pathways associated with angiogenesis, such as extracellular matrix–receptor interaction and adenosine 3ʹ,5ʹ-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Moreover, AABR07013558.1, AABR07014823.1, and AABR07031489.1 were upregulated and ABR07053849.3, AABR07067310.2, and AC111292.1 were downregulated in the thoracic aortas of older rats compared with the young ones. Therefore, our findings provide several potential lncRNAs and mRNAs and signaling pathways related to vascular aging, which provide new clue for underlying the improvement of vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong, China
| | - Zezhou Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong, China
| | - Ximao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoyi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong, China
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11
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Lee AY, Choi JM, Lee YA, Shin SH, Cho EJ. Beneficial effect of black rice ( Oryza sativa L. var. japonica ) extract on amyloid β-induced cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:64. [PMID: 32963594 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent progressive neurodegenerative disease, resulting in memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. The accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) has been identified as the most important risk factor for AD. Black rice (BR; Oryza sativa L. var. japonica), which is widely consumed in Asia, is a good source of bioactive compounds including anthocyanins. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of BR extracts against Aβ25-35-induced memory impairment in an in vivo AD mouse model. After intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35, mice were treated with BR extract supplementation for 14 days. Memory and cognition function were evaluated over this period in both treated and untreated animals using T-maze, novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests. After behavioral tests, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in brain, liver and kidney tissues were analyzed. Mice treated with Aβ25-35 had impaired memory and cognitive function; however, mice administered BR extract (100 mg/kg/day) demonstrated an improvement in cognition and memory function compared with the Aβ25-35-injected control group. Furthermore, injection of Aβ25-35 significantly increased MDA and NO generation in the brain, liver and kidney of mice. However, the group administered with BR extract had significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation and NO generation in the brain, liver and kidney. In addition, the protective effect of BR on lipid peroxidation and NO production by Aβ25-35 was stronger in the brain compared with other tissues. Collectively, these findings suggested that BR supplementation may prevent memory and cognition deficits caused by Aβ25-35-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Myung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Research Institute of Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young A Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Hwa Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Research Institute of Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Research Institute of Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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12
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Isoflurane and Carbon Dioxide Elicit Similar Behavioral Responses in Rats. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081431. [PMID: 32824345 PMCID: PMC7459795 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Carbon dioxide and isoflurane are gases with anesthetic properties that are commonly used in laboratory rodents, especially when anesthetic overdose is used for euthanasia procedures. Concerns have been raised with the use of carbon dioxide as a euthanasia agent due to behavioral responses that indicate potential distress. This study was designed to assess aversive responses in experimentally naïve Sprague–Dawley rats when exposed to isoflurane or carbon dioxide. When placed in the forced exposure apparatus, these naïve rats were more active in the isoflurane and CO2 treatments compared to the control groups, suggesting that isoflurane and CO2 are similarly aversive. The results from the aversion-avoidance experiment supported previous work which demonstrated that while CO2 is more aversive than isoflurane on initial exposure, rats showed increased aversion when the isoflurane exposure was repeated. We also show that learned aversion to isoflurane is sustained for at least 15 days after initial exposure. Given this result, we suggest that CO2 is superior to isoflurane when euthanizing rodents with prior exposure to isoflurane. Overall, these results confirm previous studies which suggest that care should be taken when considering the serial use of isoflurane as an anesthetic. Abstract Euthanasia in rodents is an ongoing topic of debate due to concerns regarding the aversive nature of gases with anesthetic properties such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and isoflurane. The aim of this study was to expand upon previously published work evaluating the aversiveness of CO2 by introducing an isoflurane treatment group in parallel. Aversion was tested using a forced exposure setup and an aversion-avoidance setup. In the first part of the study, 12 naïve female Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed during four consecutive days, once to each of four treatments: isoflurane, fox urine, oxygen, and CO2. In the second part of the study, 24 naïve female Sprague–Dawley rats and 12 rats from the first experiment were exposed to CO2, isoflurane, or both gases. In the forced exposure study, there were no significant differences between CO2 and isoflurane treatments except in line crosses. Overall, rats were more active in the isoflurane and CO2 treatments compared to the control groups, suggesting that isoflurane and CO2 are similarly aversive. In the aversion-avoidance study, rats previously exposed to isoflurane left the dark chamber significantly earlier compared to naïve rats during exposure to isoflurane. We also show that learned aversion to isoflurane is sustained for at least 15 days after initial exposure. Given this result, we suggest that CO2 is superior to isoflurane when euthanizing rodents with prior exposure to isoflurane. Overall, these results confirm previous studies which suggest that care should be taken when considering the serial use of isoflurane as an anesthetic.
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Steiner AR, Flammer SA, Beausoleil NJ, Berg C, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R, Pinillos RG, Golledge HDW, Marahrens M, Meyer R, Schnitzer T, Toscano MJ, Turner PV, Weary DM, Gent TC. Humanely Ending the Life of Animals: Research Priorities to Identify Alternatives to Carbon Dioxide. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E911. [PMID: 31684044 PMCID: PMC6912382 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
: The use of carbon dioxide (CO2) for stunning and killing animals is considered to compromise welfare due to air hunger, anxiety, fear, and pain. Despite decades of research, no alternatives have so far been found that provide a safe and reliable way to induce unconsciousness in groups of animals, and also cause less distress than CO2. Here, we revisit the current and historical literature to identify key research questions that may lead to the identification and implementation of more humane alternatives to induce unconsciousness in mice, rats, poultry, and pigs. In addition to the evaluation of novel methods and agents, we identify the need to standardise the terminology and behavioural assays within the field. We further reason that more accurate measurements of consciousness state are needed and serve as a central component in the assessment of suffering. Therefore, we propose a roadmap toward improving animal welfare during end-of-life procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline R Steiner
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Section of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 258c, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Shannon Axiak Flammer
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Section of Anesthesia and Analgesia, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ngaio J Beausoleil
- Animal Welfare Science and Bioethics Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
| | - Charlotte Berg
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 234, SE-53223 Skara, Sweden.
| | - Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Section of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 258c, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Rebeca García Pinillos
- Animal and Plant Health Agency and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Nobel House, 17 Smith Square, London SW1P 3JR, UK.
| | - Huw D W Golledge
- Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW), The Old School, Brewhouse Hill, Wheathampstead, Hertfordshire AL4 8AN, UK.
| | - Michael Marahrens
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Dörnbergstraße 25/27, 29223 Celle, Germany.
| | - Robert Meyer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Tobias Schnitzer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Michael J Toscano
- Center for Proper Housing: Poultry and Rabbits (ZTHZ), Animal Welfare Division, VPH Institute, University of Bern, 3052 Zollikofen, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia V Turner
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada and Charles River, Wilmington, MA 01887, USA.
| | - Daniel M Weary
- Animal Welfare Program, University of British Colombia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Thomas C Gent
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Section of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 258c, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Moffitt AD, Brignolo LL, Ardeshir A, Creamer-Hente MA. The Role of Emotional Contagion in the Distress Exhibited by Grouped Mice Exposed to CO₂. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019; 58:430-437. [PMID: 31266585 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-18-000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The 2013 AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals recommends a chamber volume displacement rate of 10% to 30% per minute (v/min) when euthanizing small laboratory rodents with CO₂. Group euthanasia of mice is a common practice, and grouping strangers is often avoided to minimize distress; however, emotional contagion, which occurs between familiar animals but not strangers, has not been studied in the context of group CO₂ euthanasia. This study examined cagemate- and stranger-grouped mice exposed to 10%, 30%, or 50% v/min CO₂ to determine whether emotional contagion plays a role in this context and whether that role is influenced by CO₂ flow rate. Videos of adult male C57BL/6J mice exposed to different CO₂ flow rates were scored for durations of dyspnea, ataxia, and consciousness as well as the numbers of face pawing and jump behaviors. Blood was collected at time of unconsciousness and assayed for ACTH. Cagemates experienced significantly longer durations of conscious dyspnea and ataxia with 10% v/min CO₂ compared with 30% and 50% v/min. Similarly, strangers experienced significantly longer duration of conscious dyspnea with 10% v/min CO₂ compared with 30% and 50% v/min and significantly longer duration of ataxia with 10% compared with 50% v/min. Cagemates showed significantly more jumps with 10% v/min CO₂ compared with 30% and 50% v/min, whereas jumping was unaffected by CO₂ flow rate in strangers. We conclude that more potential for distress exists when cagemate and stranger mice are exposed to a 10% v/min CO₂ flow rate and that emotional contagion may contribute to distress in cagemates at this flow rate. Therefore, we propose that 30% v/min CO₂ should be used for euthanasia of mice, and that 50% v/min should also be considered humane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Moffitt
- Campus Veterinary Services, University of California, Davis, California;,
| | - Laurie L Brignolo
- Campus Veterinary Services, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Amir Ardeshir
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
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Wuri L, Agca C, Agca Y. Euthanasia via CO 2 inhalation causes premature cortical granule exocytosis in mouse oocytes and influences in vitro fertilization and embryo development. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:825-834. [PMID: 31087431 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Generation of high quality mouse metaphase II oocytes is an integral part for efficient in vitro fertilization (IVF), and subsequent embryo production for reproductive studies and genome banking. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of various euthanasia methods on IVF, embryo development, and subcellular structures of MII mouse oocytes. Following superovulation regimen, female mice were euthanized by high flow CO2 (H CO2 ), low flow CO2 (L CO2 ), or cervical dislocation (CD). The MII oocytes obtained from these mice were evaluated for subcellular integrity by assessing their cortical granules and F-actin. Furthermore, fertilization and subsequent embryonic development competence up to blastocyst stage were also evaluated in vitro. The oocytes collected from females euthanized by CD resulted in significantly higher two-cell development rates (p = 0.028) and subsequently lead to in higher embryo development rates (p = 0.027) compared with oocytes from females euthanized by L CO2 . The cortical granule integrity analysis revealed significantly higher rate of premature cortical granules exocytosis (PCGE) for L CO2 group compared with CD and H CO2 groups (p < 0.001). These data collectively suggest that CO2 associated PCGE during euthanasia procedure is the main cause of decreased IVF rates and CD is the optimal euthanasia method for the purpose of obtaining good quality MII oocytes for mouse IVF and other reproductive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liga Wuri
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Cansu Agca
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yuksel Agca
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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