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Tobe A, Sato Y, Wachi N, Nakanishi N, Izawa M. Seasonal diet partition among top predators of a small island, Iriomote Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7727. [PMID: 38565931 PMCID: PMC10987585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Small islands tend to lack predators because species at higher trophic levels often cannot survive. However, two exceptional top predators-the Iriomote cat Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis, and the Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela perplexus-live on the small Iriomote Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago. To understand how these predators coexist with limited resources, we focused on their seasonal diets between which conflicts are considered to occur. To compare the diets, we used DNA metabarcoding analysis of faecal samples. In the summer, we identified 16 unique prey items from Iriomote cat faecal samples and 15 unique prey items from Crested Serpent Eagle faecal samples. In the winter, we identified 37 and 14, respectively. Using a non-metric multidimensional scaling and a permutational multivariate analysis of variance, our study reveals significant differences in the diet composition at the order level between the predators during both seasons. Furthermore, although some prey items at the species-to-order level overlapped between them, the frequency of occurrence of most prey items differed in both seasons. These results suggest that this difference in diets is one of the reasons why the Iriomote cat and the Crested Serpent Eagle are able to coexist on such a small island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Tobe
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yukuto Sato
- Center for Strategic Research Project, Organization for Research Promotion, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
- Research Laboratory Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nakatada Wachi
- Center for Strategic Research Project, Organization for Research Promotion, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
- Iriomote Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Taketomi, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nozomi Nakanishi
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
- Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masako Izawa
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
- Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Chung OS, Lee JK. Association of Leopard Cat Occurrence with Environmental Factors in Chungnam Province, South Korea. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010122. [PMID: 36611729 PMCID: PMC9817505 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the association of leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) occurrences and environmental factors in Chungnam Province, South Korea, using two different analytical approaches for binomial responses: boosted regression trees and logistic regression. The extensive field survey data collected through the Chungnam Biotope Project were used to model construction and analysis. Five major influential factors identified by the boosted regression tree analysis were elevation, distance to road, distance to water channel/body, slope and population density. Logistic regression analysis indicated that distance to forest, population density, distance to water, and diameter class of the forest were the significant explanatory variables. The results showed that the leopard cats prefer the areas with higher accessibility of food resources (e.g., abundance and catchability) and avoid the areas adjacent to human-populated areas. The results also implied that boosted regression and logistic regression models could be used in a complementary manner for evaluating wildlife distribution and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Sik Chung
- Space and Environment Laboratory, Chungnam Institute, 73-26 Institute Road, Gongju 32589, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Koo Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-835-8895
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Mukai K, Fujimori T, Anh HQ, Fukutani S, Kunisue T, Nomiyama K, Takahashi S. Extractable organochlorine (EOCl) and extractable organobromine (EOBr) in GPC-fractionated extracts from high-trophic-level mammals: Species-specific profiles and contributions of legacy organohalogen contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143843. [PMID: 33303197 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that unidentified compounds constitute a large proportion of extractable organochlorine (EOCl) and extractable organobromine (EOBr) in the crude extracts without fractionation; however, the proportion of unidentified EOX (X = chlorine, bromine) associated with high-/low-molecular-weight compounds is still unknown. In this study, we applied gel permeation chromatography to fractionate extracts from archived liver samples of high-trophic marine and terrestrial mammals (striped dolphins, cats, and raccoon dogs), for which concentrations of legacy organohalogen contaminants (polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers [PBDEs]) had been previously reported. EOX in high- (>1000 g/mol) and low- (≤1000 g/mol) molecular-weight fractions (EOX-H and EOX-L) were determined by neutron activation analysis. Comparison of EOCl and EOBr enabled the characterization among species. Despite small differences in the concentrations and molecular-weight profiles of EOCl among species, the contribution of chlorine in identified compounds to EOCl-L varied from 1.5% (cats) to 79% (striped dolphins). Considerable species-specific variations were observed in the concentrations of EOBr: striped dolphins exhibited significantly greater concentrations of both EOBr-H and EOBr-L than cats and/or raccoon dogs. Moreover, the contribution of bromine in PBDEs to EOBr-L was >50% in two cats, while it was <6% in other specimens. This is the first report on EOBr mass balance in cetaceans and on EOX mass balance in terrestrial mammals living close to humans. These results suggest the need for analysis of unidentified chlorinated compounds in terrestrial mammals and unidentified brominated compounds in marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Mukai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujimori
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Hoang Quoc Anh
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukutani
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori 590-0494, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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Hisano M, Newman C. Adaptations to prey base in the hypercarnivorous leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2020.1711816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Hisano
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Chris Newman
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Oxon OX13 5QL, UK
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Seryodkin IV, Burkovskiy OA. Food Habit Analysis of the Amur Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus in the Russian Far East. BIOL BULL+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359019660038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ferreira GA, Nakano-Oliveira E, Andriolo A, Genaro G. Spatial overlap between domestic cats and wild felines in an insular Atlantic Forest remnant. ANIM BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-17000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Anthropogenic changes are a major threat to biodiversity. One of these possible changes that affect biodiversity is the introduction of domestic species in the environment, which might represent a threat to wild species. The domestic cat, in particular, has biological and behavioral characteristics that allow a great adaptability to natural areas, thus representing a potential risk to the native species, mainly to the other members of the Felidae family. In this study, the spatial overlap between four species of Neotropical wildcats and domestic cats living in an Atlantic Forest Protected Area in one of the most important forest remnants of this ecosystem was verified. The results indicate the need to adopt mitigation measures against the potential risks of this interaction with the goal of preserving the native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanne A. Ferreira
- 1Instituto de Pesquisas Cananéia (IPeC), Rua Tristão Lobo 199 Centro, Cananéia, SP 11990-000, Brazil
- 2Laboratório de Bioacústica e Ecologia Comportamental (LABEC), Univ. Federal de Juiz de Fora – UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Nakano-Oliveira
- 1Instituto de Pesquisas Cananéia (IPeC), Rua Tristão Lobo 199 Centro, Cananéia, SP 11990-000, Brazil
- 3Conselho Nacional de Defesa Ambiental (CNDA), Rua Dr. Renato Paes de Barros, 512 - cj. 131, São Paulo, SP 04530.000, Brazil
| | - Artur Andriolo
- 2Laboratório de Bioacústica e Ecologia Comportamental (LABEC), Univ. Federal de Juiz de Fora – UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Gelson Genaro
- 1Instituto de Pesquisas Cananéia (IPeC), Rua Tristão Lobo 199 Centro, Cananéia, SP 11990-000, Brazil
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Díaz-Sacco JJ, Izawa M, Imai H. Successful DNA Typing of Feces to Determine the Species and Sex of the Endangered Iriomote Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis) by using the 16S rRNA Gene and an SNP Marker in a Zinc-Finger Protein Gene. MAMMAL STUDY 2014. [DOI: 10.3106/041.039.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Road use by the Iriomote Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis) on Iriomote-Jima Island in Relation to its Herpetile Prey. MAMMAL STUDY 2013. [DOI: 10.3106/041.038.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Saito M, Koike F. Distribution of wild mammal assemblages along an urban-rural-forest landscape gradient in warm-temperate East Asia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65464. [PMID: 23741495 PMCID: PMC3669276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization may alter mammal assemblages via habitat loss, food subsidies, and other factors related to human activities. The general distribution patterns of wild mammal assemblages along urban-rural-forest landscape gradients have not been studied, although many studies have focused on a single species or taxon, such as rodents. We quantitatively evaluated the effects of the urban-rural-forest gradient and spatial scale on the distributions of large and mid-sized mammals in the world's largest metropolitan area in warm-temperate Asia using nonspecific camera-trapping along two linear transects spanning from the urban zone in the Tokyo metropolitan area to surrounding rural and forest landscapes. Many large and mid-sized species generally decreased from forest landscapes to urban cores, although some species preferred anthropogenic landscapes. Sika deer (Cervus nippon), Reeves' muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi), Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), Japanese squirrel (Sciurus lis), Japanese marten (Martes melampus), Japanese badger (Meles anakuma), and wild boar (Sus scrofa) generally dominated the mammal assemblage of the forest landscape. Raccoon (Procyon lotor), raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), and Japanese hare (Lepus brachyurus) dominated the mammal assemblage in the intermediate zone (i.e., rural and suburban landscape). Cats (feral and free-roaming housecats; Felis catus) were common in the urban assemblage. The key spatial scales for forest species were more than 4000-m radius, indicating that conservation and management plans for these mammal assemblages should be considered on large spatial scales. However, small green spaces will also be important for mammal conservation in the urban landscape, because an indigenous omnivore (raccoon dog) had a smaller key spatial scale (500-m radius) than those of forest mammals. Urbanization was generally the most important factor in the distributions of mammals, and it is necessary to consider the spatial scale of management according to the degree of urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Saito
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan.
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Watanabe S. Factors Affecting the Distribution of the Leopard CatPrionailurus bengalensison East Asian Islands. MAMMAL STUDY 2009. [DOI: 10.3106/041.034.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Matsuo R, Ochiai K. Dietary Overlap Among Two Introduced and One Native Sympatric Carnivore Species, the Raccoon, the Masked Palm Civet, and the Raccoon Dog, in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. MAMMAL STUDY 2009. [DOI: 10.3106/041.034.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Use of GIS to Develop a Multivariate Habitat Model for the Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in Mountainous Region of Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.5141/jefb.2009.32.4.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Watanabe S, Izawa M. Species composition and size structure of frogs preyed by the Iriomote cat Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis. MAMMAL STUDY 2005. [DOI: 10.3106/1348-6160(2005)30[151:scasso]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nakanishi N, Okamura M, Watanabe S, Izawa M, Doi T. The effect of habitat on home range size in the Iriomote Cat Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis. MAMMAL STUDY 2005. [DOI: 10.3106/1348-6160(2005)30[1:teohoh]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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