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Sahadi BO, Domingues BC, Soto-Montero J, de Araújo Neto VG, Riquieri H, Giannini M. Effect of toothbrushing on surface roughness, gloss, and topography of polished and glazed ultra-translucent zirconia. J Prosthodont 2024; 33:103-109. [PMID: 38526464 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the effect of toothbrushing cycles on surface roughness (Ra), gloss (GU), and morphology of two zirconia finishing and polishing protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ultra-translucent zirconia disc was sectioned into rectangular plates (12 mm × 7 mm × 3 mm) and divided into two groups according to the polishing and finishing system used (diamond rubber abrasive/DRA or glazing/GLA). Bovine enamel (BEN) plates with the same dimensions were used as a Control. Specimens of zirconia and enamel were analyzed for Ra and GU (n = 11) and surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (n = 3) before toothbrushing (baseline) and after 15,000 and 30,000 toothbrushing cycles. Ra and GU data were analyzed by ANOVA two-way and post-hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05), while the surface morphology was analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS The Ra decreased significantly after 30,000 toothbrushing cycles for DRA and GLA zirconia ceramics. DRA showed a higher GU at the baseline, after 15,000 and 30,000 toothbrushing cycles than GLA and BEN. Toothbrushing polished the zirconia, creating a smooth surface, while no changes were observed for BEN. CONCLUSIONS The increase in toothbrushing cycles (30,000) changed the surface roughness of DRA and GLA zirconia ceramics. DRA zirconia presented the highest GU, which did not change with toothbrushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ometto Sahadi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Soto-Montero
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Hilton Riquieri
- Hilton Riquieri Training Center - Dental Prosthesis Laboratory, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Babaier R, Alhotan A, Haider J, Silikas N, Watts DC. Effects of two dentifrices on the surface properties and staining susceptibility of polymer-based materials. J Prosthodont 2024. [PMID: 39177001 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effect of whitening and abrasive regular dentifrices on the surface characteristics and stain susceptibility of polymer-based CAD-CAM blocks subjected to artificial toothbrushing abrasion (TB). MATERIALS AND METHODS Two resin composite blocks [CeraSmart (CS) and Grandio Blocs (GB)], one polymer-infiltrated ceramic [Vita Enamic (VE)], and one direct resin composite [GrandioSO (RC)] were used to produce 60 specimens. The baseline mass, gloss, roughness, Vickers hardness (Hv), and color were measured after 7 days of water storage. The specimens were then separated into three TB treatment groups (n = 5): water control (C), regular daily dentifrice (R), and whitening dentifrice (W). Measurements were repeated post-TB (20,000 cycles). All specimens were immersed in coffee, and the CIE ΔE00 was measured after 1, 7, and 14 days. Two-way, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc tests were performed to determine any significant differences between the materials and TB groups. To determine the stain resistance, repeated measures of ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc tests were used (α = 0.05). RESULTS The R and W mass changes were minimal (-3.77 to 3.16 g%). W reduced the gloss of all the materials by 12.6%-65%. All materials in W were slightly rougher (Ra, 0.107-0.144 μm) than those in R (Ra, 0.049-0.072 μm). The ΔE00 ranged from 0.6 to 1.6 in W and 0.4 to 1.4 in R. VE was the hardest material at baseline (Hv = 362), whereas brushing and staining lowered Hv in all TB groups (282.8-300.6). After brushing in W, VE, and RC were more susceptible to coffee stains than were CS and GB. CONCLUSIONS The whitening dentifrice roughened CAD-CAM specimens, reducing gloss, yet lightened some materials. Polymer-infiltrated ceramic and direct resin composite specimens brushed with abrasive regular or whitening dentifrice resulted in more intense staining than the CAD-CAM resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rua Babaier
- Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Biomaterials Science, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Nick Silikas
- Biomaterials Science, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David C Watts
- Biomaterials Science, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Breivik A, Mulic A, Sehic A, Valen HR, Kopperud S, Stein L, Khan Q. Accumulation and removal of Streptococcus mutans biofilm on enamel and root surfaces in vitro. Biomater Investig Dent 2024; 11:41059. [PMID: 39045150 PMCID: PMC11265501 DOI: 10.2340/biid.v11.41059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to quantitatively investigate the accumulation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm on enamel and root surfaces and assess the amount of biofilm removal using (1) experimental toothpaste and (2) water, in a closed system of flow chamber. Methods Eight sound premolars were embedded in epoxy resin and polished with silicon carbide grinding papers to display enamel and root surfaces. To mimic biofilm, cultures of Streptococcus mutans were prepared and grown on the tooth surfaces over night before they were exposed to either 2 liters of Milli Q water or 2 liters of 40% experimental toothpaste in the flow chamber. The amount of biofilm was measured and quantified in Fluorescence microscopy. Mean fluorescence values were recorded and analysed using Microsoft® Excel® (MS Excel 2016). Results The ability to grow biofilm was equally present at both the enamel and root surfaces. The use of water and 40% experimental toothpaste showed a significant reduction of areas covered with biofilm on both enamel and root dentin in comparison to untreated surfaces (p < 0.01). Significantly more biofilm was removed from enamel compared to root surfaces when treated with either water and toothpaste (p < 0.01). Slightly less biofilm was removed by the use of water compared to toothpaste on both enamel and root dentin surfaces, although the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion The results indicate that less biofilm is removed from the root surfaces than enamel by the use of water and 40% experimental toothpaste in flow chamber. Assessing oral biofilm accumulation and monitoring biofilm formation on enamel and root dentin surfaces give oral health professionals important directions that could strenghten the significance of dental caries prevention. Improving older individuals' oral hygiene practices should therefore be considered an important measure to prevent root caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Breivik
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Aida Mulic
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amer Sehic
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Linda Stein
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Qalbi Khan
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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Dionysopoulos D, Papageorgiou S, Papadopoulos C, Davidopoulou S, Konstantinidis A, Tolidis K. Effect of Whitening Toothpastes with Different Active Agents on the Abrasive Wear of Dentin Following Tooth Brushing Simulation. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050268. [PMID: 37233378 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the abrasive dentin wear that can be induced by three commercial whitening toothpastes following a tooth-brushing simulation (TBS) corresponding to a three-month period. Sixty human canines were selected, and the roots were separated from the crowns. Then the roots were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10) and were submitted to TBS using the following slurries: Group 1-deionized water (RDA = 5); Group 2-ISO dentifrice slurry (RDA = 100); Group 3-a regular toothpaste (RDA = 70); Group 4-a charcoal-containing whitening toothpaste; Group 5-a whitening toothpaste containing blue covasorb and hydrated silica; and Group 6-a whitening toothpaste containing microsilica. Following TBS, surface loss and surface roughness changes were evaluated using confocal microscopy. Additionally, surface morphology and mineral content changes were observed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The deionized water group presented the lowest surface loss (p < 0.05), while the charcoal-containing toothpaste presented the highest surface loss, followed by ISO dentifrice slurry (p < 0.001). Blue-covasorb-containing and regular toothpastes did not present statistically significant differences (p = 0.245), and neither didmicrosilica-containing toothpaste or ISO dentifrice slurry (p = 0.112). The surface height parameters and surface morphology changes of the experimental groups followed the surface loss patterns, while no differences were detected in mineral content after TBS.Although the charcoal-containing toothpaste exhibited the highest abrasive wear to dentin, according to ISO 11609, all the tested toothpastes exhibited appropriate abrasive behavior towards dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Dionysopoulos
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyros Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Cosmetic Science, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Panepistimioupolis Egaleo Park, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Papadopoulos
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sotiria Davidopoulou
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Avraam Konstantinidis
- Department of Civil Engineering, Division of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kosmas Tolidis
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Toothpaste Abrasion and Abrasive Particle Content: Correlating High-Resolution Profilometric Analysis with Relative Dentin Abrasivity (RDA). Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11030079. [PMID: 36975576 PMCID: PMC10047781 DOI: 10.3390/dj11030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this in vitro study, the influence of the concentration of abrasive particles on the abrasivity of toothpastes was investigated using laser scan profilometry on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) surfaces with the aim of providing an alternative method to developers for screening of new toothpaste formulations. PMMA plates were tested in a toothbrush simulator with distilled water and four model toothpastes with increasing content of hydrated silica (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 wt%). The viscosity of the model toothpaste formulations was kept constant by means of varying the content of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and water. The brushed surfaces were evaluated using laser scan profilometry at micrometer-scale resolutions, and the total volume of the introduced scratches was calculated along with the roughness parameters Ra, Rz and Rv. RDA measurements commissioned for the same toothpaste formulations were used to analyze the correlation between results obtained with the different methods. The same experimental procedure was applied to five commercially available toothpastes, and the results were evaluated against our model system. In addition, we characterize abrasive hydrated silica and discuss their effects on PMMA-sample surfaces. The results show that the abrasiveness of a model toothpaste increases with the weight percentage of hydrated silica. Increasing roughness parameter and volume loss values show good correlation with the likewise increasing corresponding RDA values for all model toothpastes, as well as commercial toothpastes without ingredients that can damage the used substrate PMMA. From our results, we deduce an abrasion classification that corresponds to the RDA classification established for marketed toothpastes.
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Priyam S, Sankeshwari R, Jalihal S, Singhal R, Vyavahare S, Ankola AV. Comparative Evaluation of Abrasiveness among Three Dentifrices: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:264-269. [PMID: 37519980 PMCID: PMC10373766 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim A lot of herbal and medicated toothpastes having natural and antisensitivity properties are creating niches for themselves in the market. However, toothpaste containing high content of abrasives can be harmful to the teeth. The present in vitro study was conducted to assess the abrasiveness of three commercially available dentifrices on human-extracted anterior teeth on sound and demineralized enamel. Materials and methods A total of 42 freshly extracted teeth were mounted on acrylic resin and randomly divided into three groups (group I, Colgate; II, Glister; and III, Dant Kanti). Each group consisted of one test tooth (partially) and one control tooth (completely) covered with nail varnish. The study had two phases. Phase 1-baseline average roughness (Ra) value was assessed with a profilometer of all the samples. Phase 2-further, teeth were immersed in the demineralizing solution for 4 days to allow the formation of an artificial carious lesion. Tooth brushing was performed by a customized automated toothbrushing model on all the teeth for 28 days. Ra value was again evaluated with Profilometer. Result Data were analyzed, and a statistically significant result was observed with demineralized teeth in all three groups (p = 0.005). The intragroup comparison showed a significant difference with demineralized teeth of Colgate and Dant Kanti, (p =0.018) and (p =0.027), respectively. However, there was no significant difference in demineralized teeth of glister and sound teeth of all three groups. Conclusion Glister was found to be the least abrasive of all three toothpastes, followed by Dant Kanti and Colgate. Clinical relevance The particle size of the ingredients used in manufacturing toothpaste can lead to abrasion of the teeth.This, in combination with the hard bristles, can cause more harm to the teeth than good. The current study has compared the abrasive potential of three commercially available kinds of toothpaste. Hence daily use of these commercially available dental products should be used cautiously. How to cite this article Priyam S, Sankeshwari R, Jalihal S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Abrasiveness among Three Dentifrices: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(2):264-269.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefalika Priyam
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Roopali Sankeshwari
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Sagar Jalihal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Richa Singhal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Supriya Vyavahare
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Anil V Ankola
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Limeback H, Meyer F, Enax J. Tooth Whitening with Hydroxyapatite: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11020050. [PMID: 36826195 PMCID: PMC9955010 DOI: 10.3390/dj11020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A steadily increasing public demand for whiter teeth has resulted in the development of new oral care products for home use. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a new ingredient to whiten teeth. This systematic review focuses on the evidence of whether HAP can effectively whiten teeth. A systematic search using the PICO approach and PRISMA guidelines was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciFinder, and Google Scholar as databases. All study designs (in vitro, in vivo) and publications in foreign language studies were included. Of the 279 study titles that the searches produced, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. A new "Quality Assessment Tool For In Vitro Studies" (the QUIN Tool) was used to determine the risk of bias of the 13 studies conducted in vitro. Moreover, 12 out of 13 studies had a low risk of bias. The in vivo studies were assigned Cochrane-based GRADE scores. The results in vitro and in vivo were consistent in the direction of showing a statistically significant whitening of enamel. The evidence from in vitro studies is rated overall as having a low risk of bias. The evidence from in vivo clinical trials is supported by modest clinical evidence based on six preliminary clinical trials. It can be concluded that the regular use of hydroxyapatite-containing oral care products effectively whitens teeth, but more clinical trials are required to support the preliminary in vivo evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardy Limeback
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Frederic Meyer
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Joachim Enax
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
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8
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Pouryahya R, Ranjbar Omrani L, Ahmadi E, Rafeie N, Abbasi M. Effect of charcoal-based dentifrices on surface roughness of an aged resin composite. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2023; 72:24-30. [PMID: 36847741 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.21.04613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the use of whitening dentifrice has increased among patients. However, these products might increase the surface roughness of composite restorations and make them more susceptible to discoloration and plaque accumulation. This study aimed to compare the effects of two charcoal-based dentifrices and other whitening dentifrices with different mechanisms of action on the surface roughness of an aged resin composite. METHODS Forty-five composite specimens were made (2 × 7mm) and their initial surface roughness was obtained using a Profilometer. The specimens were subjected to the Accelerated Artificial Aging (AAA) process for 300 hours. Then, the surface roughness of the specimens was reevaluated using the Profilometer. The specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups (N.=9), namely Control (Gc), Bencer (Gb; Sormeh Company, Tehran, Iran), Perfect White Black (Gp), Colgate Total Whitening (Gt), and Colgate Optic White (Go) (Colgate-Palmolive Company, New York, NY, USA). The specimens were brushed for 14 minutes with respective dentifrices. In the Gc group, the specimens were only brushed with distilled water. The surface roughness of the specimens was measured again. The data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS There was no significant difference in surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rq, Rz) between the groups, but in each group, the roughness parameters decreased after the aging procedure and increased after brushing significantly except for Rz parameter in Gb group which increased after aging and decreased after brushing. CONCLUSIONS None of the whitening dentifrices used in the present study had an adverse effect on the surface roughness of an aged composite resin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ladan Ranjbar Omrani
- School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Ahmadi
- School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niyousha Rafeie
- School of Dentistry, Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abbasi
- School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran -
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Rajput YN, Girase CD, Kedar RP, Deshpande PS, Kulkarni RD. Microwave‐assisted low‐cost synthesis of sucrose‐soya ester from vegetable oil refinery by‐product and its application in toothpaste formulation for oral hygiene. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogeshsing N. Rajput
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
| | - Chetan D. Girase
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
| | - Rahul P. Kedar
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
| | - Priya S. Deshpande
- Department of Technical and Applied Chemistry Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute Mumbai India
| | - Ravindra D. Kulkarni
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
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Abad-Coronel C, Palomeque A, Mena Córdova N, Aliaga P. Digital Volumetric Analysis of CAD/CAM Polymeric Materials after Tooth Brushing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173499. [PMID: 36080574 PMCID: PMC9459686 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the volumetric wear of four composite materials for CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) systems. The materials evaluated were: Cerasmart (CER), Shofu Block HC (SBH), Tetric CAD (TEC) and Brava (BRA). All the samples (n = 40) were subjected to simulated brushing (100,000 cycles). Wear was evaluated by superimposing pre-and post-brushing scans obtained with an intraoral optical scanner (CEREC Primescan; Dentsply Sirona, Germany), which were subsequently imported into the OraCheck software 5.0 (Dentsply Sirona, Germany). The data were analyzed by ANOVA test and Tukey’s HSD test was used for multiple comparisons. Cerasmart showed the least wear after brushing. All the tested materials exhibited mass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Abad-Coronel
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
- Department of Digital Dentistry and CAD/CAM Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Palomeque
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Nancy Mena Córdova
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Paulina Aliaga
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
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Fallahinejad Ghajari M, Shamsaei M, Sadeghpour Galouyak M, Basandeh K. Evaluation of Abrasion and Whitening Effect of Toothpastes Containing Charcoal on Primary Teeth. Front Dent 2022; 19:22. [PMID: 36458278 PMCID: PMC9675625 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v19i22.9969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Parents are aware of the importance of anterior tooth esthetics in their children. Children also pay attention to their appearance more than ever. Today, charcoal has been added to toothpastes. Charcoal can help whiten teeth through abrasion. This study aimed to investigate the degree of bleaching and abrasion of charcoal toothpaste on primary teeth. Materials and Method: This in-vitro study was performed on 30 extracted primary teeth. Initially, the samples were polished, cut, and mounted in blocks of putty. The samples were placed in a coffee solution and then the tooth color was measured by a spectrophotometer and the initial surface profile was measured by a profilometer. The samples were brushed back and forth by the brushing machine with 20 gr Bancer, Beverly, and Colgate toothpastes (mixed with 40 ml of distilled water) for 2000 times (equivalent to 3 times a day for 1.5 months). A color determination was performed again and a second surface profile was measured. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, ANCOVA and paired t-test. Results: The results of this study showed that all three Beverly, Bencer and Colgate whitening toothpastes increased the surface profile and made significant statistical changes in the roughness of dental specimens (P=0.01, P=0.005, P=0.001). The statistical study of the data did not show a significant difference between the groups in terms of abrasion and whitening properties (P=0.78, P= 0.99). Conclusion: Three whitening toothpastes whiten primary teeth and increase their surface roughness. These three toothpastes are not statistically different in terms of abrasion and whitening properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Fallahinejad Ghajari
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Professor of Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shamsaei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yilmaz N, Avci G, Ozkaya S, Tüzüner T, Baygin O. Comparison of the abrasive effects of children's toothpaste on glass ionomer cement. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Torso VH, Fraga MAA, Lopes RM, Aranha ACC, Correr-Sobrinho L, Correr AB. Charcoal-based dentifrices: Effect on color stability and surface wear of resin composites. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:815-823. [PMID: 34060712 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of charcoal-based dentifrices on the color change (CC) and surface wear (SW) of resin composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five dentifrices, including three toothpastes: Colgate total-12 (C12), Black is the new White (CPX), and Natural (NAT); and two powders: Carvvo (CVV) and Whitemax (WMX), were evaluated. Composite blocks (5x5x2mm- Z350 3 M/ESPE, shade A2) were subjected to 417 and 5004 brushing cycles. The CC (n = 7, CIEDE2000; ΔE00 ) was evaluated using a spectrophotometer. SW (n = 5) was assessed using profilometry. The dentifrice particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS In 417 brushing cycles, resin composite exhibited higher color change upon being exposed to NAT, CVV and WMC than to C12 (p ≤ 0.05). In 5004 brushing cycles, resin composite showed higher color change values when exposed to all dentifrices, except C12 (p ≤ 0.05). The powders promoted higher SW on resin composite than C12 in both evaluation times (p ≤ 0.05). In 417 cycles, WMX caused higher SW on composite than C12, CPX, and NAT (p ≤ 0.05). No significant different SW was found between powders and charcoal-based toothpastes after 5004 brushing cycles (p > 0.05). SEM showed larger particles for powder than for toothpaste dentifrices. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, both null hypotheses have been rejected. Resin composites exposed to charcoal-based dentifrices exhibited significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher color change and surface wear than conventional toothpastes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Color change and surface wear shown by charcoal dentifrices may compromise the longevity of restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Torso
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Machla F, Mulic A, Bruzell E, Valen H, Stenhagen ISR. In vitro abrasivity and chemical properties of charcoal-containing dentifrices. Biomater Investig Dent 2020; 7:167-174. [PMID: 33225309 PMCID: PMC7654638 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2020.1838284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Charcoal-containing dentifrices are gaining popularity, but scientific information on their effect on oral health is scarce. This study investigated properties of dentifrices that may affect dentine abrasivity, as well as their ability to adsorb fluoride, their pH and the presence of harmful substances. Materials and methods The dentifrices NAO and COCO were subjected to the following analyses: abrasivity, expressed as mean abraded depth and relative dentin abrasivity (RDA), and surface roughness of extracted human molars (n = 30) after simulated brushing; fluoride adsorption measured as concentration change; pH measurements; detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The products were compared to a reference dentifrice (Colgate® MaxWhite), positive controls (ISO dentifrice slurry, activated charcoal for laboratory use) and a negative control (distilled water). Results The mean abraded depths of NAO and COCO were not different (p > .05), but higher than the reference dentifrice and the negative control (p < .05). The RDA values of NAO, COCO and the ISO dentifrice slurry were higher than the reference dentifrice value (p < .05) by up to 10 times. The dentine surface roughness was higher after brushing with NAO, COCO and ISO dentifrice slurry compared to distilled water (p < .05). No change in mean adsorbed fluoride concentration was observed after 24 h (p > .05). Both NAO and COCO were alkaline (pH > 7). Analysis of NAO revealed the presence of naphthalene (112.8 ± 2.0 ng/mL). Conclusion The charcoal-containing dentifrices were abrasive within acceptable limits set by ISO and did not adsorb fluoride. The presence of naphthalene in one product is a cause for concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Machla
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Sognsveien, Norway
| | - Aida Mulic
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Sognsveien, Norway
| | - Ellen Bruzell
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Sognsveien, Norway
| | - Håkon Valen
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Sognsveien, Norway
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Lima LCD, Viana ÍEL, Paz SLPD, Bezerra SJC, João-Souza SH, Carvalho TS, Scaramucci T. Role of desensitizing/whitening dentifrices in enamel wear. J Dent 2020; 99:103390. [PMID: 32492504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the impact of desensitizing (D) and/or whitening (W) dentifrices on erosion and erosion-abrasion. METHODS Enamel specimens were allocated into 10 groups (n = 20): 1. Artificial saliva (control); 2. Sensodyne Repair&Protect (SRP-D); 3. Sensodyne Repair&Protect Whitening (SRP-W); 4. Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief (CSPR-D); 5. Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief Real White (CSPRR-W); 6. Colgate Total 12 (CT); 7. Colgate Total 12 Professional Whitening (CTP-W); 8. Sensodyne True White (ST-W); 9. Curaprox Black is White (CB-W); 10. Oral-B 3D White Perfection (OB3D-W). For abrasion (n = 10), 30,000 brushing strokes were performed and surface roughness (SR) was evaluated. Erosion-abrasion (n = 10) consisted of 1 % citric acid (2 min), artificial saliva (60 min); 6×/day; 5 days. Toothbrushing was carried out 2×/day (45 strokes). Surface loss (SL) was determined with an optical profilometer. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). RESULTS Relative to SR, only OB3D-W had a significantly rougher surface than the control (p = 0.014). SRP-D, CSPR-D and ST-W showed no difference from the baseline. High SL was observed for ST-W, OB3D-W and CTP-W, without significant differences from the control. CT showed the lowest SL, not differing from SRP-D and SRP-W. There was a weak negative correlation between SL and concentration of free fluoride in the slurries, SL and SR, and SL and pH, all p > 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Only one dentifrice increased surface roughness of enamel to a higher degree than brushing with saliva. Brushing with the test dentifrices did not cause higher enamel erosive wear than brushing with saliva. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study enhances our knowledge on the effect of desensitizing and whitening dentifrices, indicating that they do not worsen enamel loss due to abrasion and they might be a safe option for individuals with erosive tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Custódio de Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Sara Laís Pereira da Paz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Samira Helena João-Souza
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Moraes Rego Roselino L, Tonani Torrieri R, Sbardelotto C, Alves Amorim A, Noronha Ferraz de Arruda C, Tirapelli C, Carvalho Panzeri Pires‐de‐Souza F. Color stability and surface roughness of composite resins submitted to brushing with bleaching toothpastes: An in situ study. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 31:486-492. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lourenço Moraes Rego Roselino
- Department of Dental Materials and ProsthodonticsRibeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Rafaella Tonani Torrieri
- Department of Dental Materials and ProsthodonticsRibeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Cristian Sbardelotto
- Department of Dental Materials and ProsthodonticsRibeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Ayodele Alves Amorim
- Department of Dental Materials and ProsthodonticsRibeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Carolina Noronha Ferraz de Arruda
- Department of Dental Materials and ProsthodonticsRibeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Camila Tirapelli
- Department of Dental Materials and ProsthodonticsRibeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
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Resende AHM, Farias JM, Silva DDB, Rufino RD, Luna JM, Stamford TCM, Sarubbo LA. Application of biosurfactants and chitosan in toothpaste formulation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 181:77-84. [PMID: 31125921 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to formulate toothpastes containing biosurfactants and either fungal chitosan or sodium fluoride and evaluate the cytotoxicity, antimicrobial action and inhibition potential against biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans. Chitosan was extracted from the biomass of the fungus Mucorales. We tested biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCP 0992 (PB), Bacillus metylotrophicus UCP 1616 (BB) and Candida bombicola URM 3718 (CB). Fractional inhibitory concentration analysis was performed to determine the type of interaction between the compounds. Six toothpaste were prepared, the active ingredients of which were the biosurfactants, chitosan or sodium fluoride. The cytotoxicity tests were performed using the 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for the L929 (mouse fibroblast) and RAW 264.7 (mouse macrophage) cell lines. The toothpastes were tested with regard to pH, consistency and foaming capacity. The inhibition of biofilm was investigated by applying the toothpaste to biofilm formed in modified artificial saliva for 24 h at 37 °C in anaerobiosis. All substances had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for S. mutans. The combinations of CB and PB with chitosan had an additive effect against S. mutans, whereas BB combined with chitosan had an indifferent effect. The toothpastes were non-toxic. The formulations had pH around 9, spreading capacity between 8 and 17 mm and foaming capacity between 63 and 95%. All formulations inhibited the cellular viability of S. mutans in the biofilm, with similar results compared to the commercial toothpaste tested. The present results show that the formulations suggested are promising when compared to a commercial tooth paste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Helena M Resende
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, CEP: 50050-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Farias
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, CEP: 50050-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Dhanilo D B Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, n. 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raquel D Rufino
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, CEP: 50050-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Faculdade de Integração do Sertão (FIS), Rua João Luiz de Melo, 2110, Tancredo Neves, 56.909-205, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Luna
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, CEP: 50050-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Joaquim de Brito, n. 216, Boa Vista, CEP: 50070-280, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thayza Christina M Stamford
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, n. 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Leonie A Sarubbo
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, n. 526, Boa Vista, CEP: 50050-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Joaquim de Brito, n. 216, Boa Vista, CEP: 50070-280, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Shobana G., Muthu Karuppaiah R., Garla BK, Taranath M., Palanivel Pandian R.. Effect of Whitening Toothpastes on Extrinsic Dental Stains. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2320206819834411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim and objectives:To compare the effectiveness of the stain removing property of the whitening toothpastes (silica [Colgate Visible White], silica, papain and bromelain [Whitospark], and silica and calcium carbonate [Snowdent] containing toothpastes) on extrinsic dental stains and to assess the lasting of tooth whitening effect produced by the whitening toothpastes.Materials and methods:It is a randomized, concurrent parallel arm, non-invasive, controlled trial designed to compare the effectiveness of the whitening toothpastes on reducing extrinsic dental stains. Parametric t-test was used.Results:A statistically significant difference can be seen between Groups A and B, Groups B and C, and Groups B and D. Maximum mean and percentage reduction was found in Group B at the end of the second month in stain extent and intensity. A statistically significant difference was seen between subgroups B1 and B2. Maximum mean and percentage reduction was found in subgroup B1 at the end of the fourth month in stain extent and intensity.Conclusion:Silica, papain, and bromelain containing toothpastes (Whitospark) show effectiveness on reducing extrinsic dental stains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobana G.
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Best Dental Science College and Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthu Karuppaiah R.
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Best Dental Science College and Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bharath Kumar Garla
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Best Dental Science College and Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Taranath M.
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Best Dental Science College and Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palanivel Pandian R.
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Best Dental Science College and Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mazumdar P, Chowdhury D, Chatterjee S, Jajoo N. Effect of four different dentifrices applied by customized automated brushing device on enamel surface abrasion: An in vitro profilometric study. J Conserv Dent 2019; 22:191-195. [PMID: 31142992 PMCID: PMC6519175 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_392_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the enamel surface abrasion using four different dentifrices and a customized automated brushing machine under a profilometer. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 enamel blocks (9 mm × 9 mm × 2 mm) were prepared from freshly extracted maxillary central incisors which were randomly divided into five equal groups (Group 1: specimens brushed with Colgate Total, Group 2: specimens brushed with Colgate Lemon and Salt, Group 3: specimens brushed with Colgate Visible White, Group 4: specimens brushed with Colgate Sensitive, and Group 5: intact enamel surface). Samples were brushed using a customized automated toothbrushing machine for 60 min. A profilometric read out (Ra value) was taken for each group subjected to brushing and also for the control group. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis used in this study was one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey's test. Results: Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the values of enamel abrasion (Ra) among Group 1–Group 4 whereas Group 5 (control group) had no significant difference in enamel abrasion (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The highest enamel abrasion was observed in the group with Colgate Visible White toothpaste, and the least enamel abrasion was seen in the group with Colgate Sensitive Plus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Mazumdar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Deepshikha Chowdhury
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saikat Chatterjee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Namrata Jajoo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Aguiar JD, Medeiros IS, Souza Junior MHSE, Loretto SC. Influence of the Extended Use of Desensitizing Toothpastes on Dentin Bonding, Microhardness and Roughness. Braz Dent J 2018; 28:346-353. [PMID: 29297556 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201601292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of an extended use of desensitizing toothpastes (DTs) on dentin bonding, microhardness and roughness. One hundred and twenty bovine incisor teeth were randomly divided into four groups: G1, distilled water (WATER); G2, Colgate Total 12 (CT12); G3, Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief (CSPR); and G4, Sensodyne Repair ?αμπ; Protect (SRP). Dentin surfaces were etched with 17% EDTA and 2 years of simulated tooth brushing (20,000 cycles) was performed on their surfaces. Knoop microhardness, surface roughness and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed before and after the simulated tooth brushing. For microshear bonding test, a 2-step self-etching adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond) was used and 0.8 mm diameter composite resin (Filtek Z350 XT) cylinders were built. Microshear test was performed with an orthodontic wire and with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were analyzed for: 1) bond strength (one-way ANOVA), 2) microhardness intra-group (Student's test) and inter-group (one-way ANOVA/Tukey's test) comparisons, 3) roughness intra-group (Student's test/Wilcoxon's test) and inter-group (Kruskal-Wallis/Student-Newman-Keuls test) comparisons. The extended use of both dentifrices (conventional and for sensitive teeth) did not affect the bond strength and produced a significant increase in microhardness and roughness of the dentin, except for the microhardness of the SRP group. The simulated tooth brushing technique with water produced an increase in roughness, without reducing significantly the dentin microhardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Dias Aguiar
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Dental School, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Studart Medeiros
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Dental School, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sandro Cordeiro Loretto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, UFPA - Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Bifunctional dentifrice: Amorphous polyphosphate a regeneratively active sealant with potent anti- Streptococcus mutans activity. Dent Mater 2017; 33:753-764. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bouassida M, Fourati N, Krichen F, Zouari R, Ellouz-Chaabouni S, Ghribi D. Potential application of Bacillus subtilis SPB1 lipopeptides in toothpaste formulation. J Adv Res 2017; 8:425-433. [PMID: 28721297 PMCID: PMC5499026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of a lipopeptide biosurfactant in a toothpaste formulation. The investigation of the physicochemical properties and the cleaning ability of the formulated toothpaste. The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the formulated toothpaste. The follow-up of the formulated toothpaste stability.
Toothpaste is a gel dentifrice used with a toothbrush as an accessory to clean, keep and promote oral hygiene. The literature review suggests that there are many different formulations of toothpastes and that each of their individual components present specific functions. The concentration of the toothpaste ingredients must be appropriately chosen taking into account the purposes of the toothpaste. Biosurfactants are considered as suitable molecules for application in many formulations such as in toothpaste one. In the present work, two dentifrice formulations were investigated and their efficiencies were tested using chemical surfactant agent and lipopeptide biosurfactant isolated from Bacillus subtilis SPB1. The physicochemical properties were analyzed considering several tests mainly spreading ability, water activity, pH, foaming and cleaning tests. The obtained results indicated that the SPB1 biosurfactant was as efficient as the chemical surfactant confirming its potential utilization in toothpaste formulation compared to the commercial one. The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the formulated dentifrice was carried out against eight bacteria. The results demonstrated that the biosurfactant-based product exhibited an important antimicrobial activity, which was very effective against Enterobacter sp and Salmonella typhinirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Bouassida
- University of Sfax, ENIS, Unit of Enzymes and Bioconcersion, Road Soukra km 4, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nada Fourati
- University of Sfax, ENIS, Unit of Enzymes and Bioconcersion, Road Soukra km 4, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Krichen
- University of Sfax, ENIS, Unit of Enzymes and Bioconcersion, Road Soukra km 4, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raida Zouari
- University of Sfax, ENIS, Unit of Enzymes and Bioconcersion, Road Soukra km 4, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Semia Ellouz-Chaabouni
- University of Sfax, ENIS, Unit of Enzymes and Bioconcersion, Road Soukra km 4, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dhouha Ghribi
- University of Sfax, ENIS, Unit of Enzymes and Bioconcersion, Road Soukra km 4, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.,University of Sfax, ISBS, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, Road Soukra km 4, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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Dudás C, Forgó Z, Kerekes-Máthé B. Original Research. Surface Roughness Changes of Different Restoration Materials after Tooth Brushing Simulation Using Different Toothpastes. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/jim-2017-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The need for the whitening effects of toothpastes became primary for most users. Changes in the surface roughness of restoration materials after tooth brushing are inevitable, and the abrasion is known to increase the possibility of dental plaque accumulation. Aim of the study: To evaluate in vitro surface roughness changes of different dental restorative materials after tooth brushing simulation. Material and methods: Fifty specimens of two composite materials (Evicrol, Super-Cor), two glass ionomer materials (Glassfill, Kavitan Cem) and a silicate cement (Fritex) were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Each group of specimens was divided in three subgroups for tooth brushing simulation: using two different types of toothpaste and without toothpaste. Before and after 153 hours of tooth brushing simulation with a custom-made device, the surface roughness was measured with a surface roughness tester. Statistical analysis was performed after collecting the data. Results: All materials exhibited changes in surface roughness after the use of both toothpastes. The self-curing composite showed the less change and glass ionomer materials showed the greatest changes in surface roughness. Conclusions: The surface changes of dental materials depended on their composition and the cleaning procedure. Although self-curing composite was the most resistant to surface changes, its surface roughness values were high. Light-curing composite presented the lowest surface roughness values, even after brushing with toothpastes. The “medium” labeled toothbrush caused significant changes without toothpaste on the surface of light-curing composite, glass ionomer and silicate cement materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Dudás
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Gheorghe Marinescu nr. 38, 540139, Tîrgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Zoltán Forgó
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sapientia University, Șos. Sighişoarei nr. 1C, 540485 Corunca, Tîrgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Bernadette Kerekes-Máthé
- Department of Morphology of Teeth and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Revolutiei nr. 27 540042 Tirgu Mureş, Romania
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Pinelli LAP, Gimenes Olbera AC, Candido LM, Miotto LN, Antonio SG, Fais LMG. Effects of whitening dentifrice on yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal surfaces after simulating brushing. J Prosthet Dent 2016; 117:158-163. [PMID: 27475916 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The changes that occur after brushing yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) are unknown. These changes may favor the retention of microorganisms and chemisorption of water, impairing its longevity. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of a whitening dentifrice on Y-TZP surfaces after simulating 10 years of brushing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-two bar-shaped specimens (20×4×1.2 mm) were divided into 4 groups: storage in distilled water (SW, control), brushing with distilled water (BW), brushing with dentifrice (BD), and brushing with whitening dentifrice (BWD). Brushing was conducted using a linear brushing machine (878400 cycles, 0.98 N, soft toothbrush). The mean roughness (Ra) was analyzed with a profilometer and the superficial topography with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at baseline and after treatment. Crystalline phases were characterized using x-ray diffraction. Baseline and posttreatment Ra were analyzed using the 1-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD multiple comparison test; the paired t test was used for intragroup comparison (all α=.05). RESULTS The Ra (μm) means (before/after treatment) were SW 0.28/0.28; BW 0.32/0.31; BD 0.28/0.36; BWD 0.30/0.20. No statistically significant difference was found for Ra at baseline (P=.108) than for posttreatment results (P<.001); the BD group had higher Ra values when compared with baseline (P=.019); the BWD group had the lowest values (P<.001). The BD surfaces showed pronounced scratches and detachment of the surface, while BWD showed smoother surfaces; similar crystallographic results among groups were observed. CONCLUSIONS Brushing Y-TZP with conventional dentifrice increased roughness, while brushing with whitening dentifrice reduced roughness. Neither dentifrice changed the crystallographic phases after brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Antunes Pereira Pinelli
- Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry (UNESP) São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Caroline Gimenes Olbera
- Undergraduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry (UNESP) São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miguel Candido
- Graduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry (UNESP) São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Natiele Miotto
- Graduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry (UNESP) São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Selma Gutierrez Antonio
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Physical Chemistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry (UNESP) São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laiza Maria Grassi Fais
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry (UNESP) São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ţălu Ş, Contreras–Bulnes R, Morozov IA, Rodríguez-Vilchis LE, Montoya-Ayala G. Surface nanomorphology of human dental enamel irradiated with an Er:YAG laser. LASER PHYSICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/1054-660x/26/2/025601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bruno M, Taddeo F, Medeiros IS, Boaro LCC, Moreira MSNA, Marques MM, Calheiros FC. Relationship between toothpastes properties and patient-reported discomfort: crossover study. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:485-94. [PMID: 26228904 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to correlate patient-reported reactions with in vitro analyses of the pH, abrasive quality, and cytotoxicity of four toothpastes. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twenty-one patients received non-identified samples of toothpaste to be used for 6 days and answered a questionnaire about their sensations. In vitro analysis: the pH of toothpastes was measured with a pH meter. The abrasivity of toothpastes was evaluated against composite resin specimens (n = 10). A toothbrushing machine was used to simulate wear, which was indirectly measured by mass loss using a scale. Cell culture media conditioned with toothpaste were used to assess the cytotoxicity. Confluent cells were kept in contact with the conditioned media or control for 24 h. The cell viability was measured using the 3-(bromide, 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT)-reduction assay. The obtained data on the pH, weight loss, and cell viability were compared by ANOVA/Tukey's tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS With the exception of the bleaching effect paste, the Oral B® paste produced the highest frequencies of irritation reports, tooth sensitivity, taste discomfort, and texture discomfort in the clinical study; patients also reported rougher teeth, soft tissue peeling, dry mouth, thrush, tingling, and taste changes in response to this paste. The in vitro analysis demonstrated that Oral B® had the lowest pH, the highest abrasivity, and produced the lowest cell viability (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Results suggest that low pH toothpastes that are highly abrasive and cytotoxic may cause undesirable reactions in patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Toothpaste's properties should be well known for indication to patient therefore minimizing discomfort reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bruno
- Master Degree Program, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, Chácara Flora, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Taddeo
- School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Stella N A Moreira
- Master Degree Program, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, Chácara Flora, São Paulo, Brazil
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Souza-Rodrigues RDD, Ferreira SDS, D'Almeida-Couto RS, Lachowski KM, Sobral MÂP, Marques MM. Choice of toothpaste for the elderly: an in vitro study. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29:S1806-83242015000100288. [PMID: 26176359 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyposalivation and dental root exposure in the elderly are problems that require special oral care. In this context, the characteristics of certain toothpastes are of particular importance. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and dentin wear caused by seven different toothpastes. For dentin wear analysis, 40 root dentin specimens were submitted to 20,000 brushing cycles with the different toothpastes and distilled water (control group-CG), using a brushing machine. Dentin surface loss (SL) was measured by contact profilometer. The cytotoxicity of each toothpaste was tested using cultured fibroblasts submitted to a cell-culture-conditioned medium. Fresh medium served as the control. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay after 24 h of contact with the conditioned media. The data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The SL of the CG was minimal and significantly lower than that of the Oral B Pro Health (OBPH) group (p < 0.05). All other groups presented SL in between that of the CG and the Oral B Pro Health OBPH group, except for the Sensodyne (SEN) group, which presented SL similar to that of CG (p = 0.05). The SEN group presented a percentage of viable cells similar to that of CG: between 60-89%. All the other toothpastes showed high cytotoxicity, with cell viability less than 50% of the CG. Considering study limitations, we concluded that only one of the seven tested toothpastes exhibited the most desirable toothpaste characteristics for the worldwide growing elderly population (e.g. low cytotoxicity and low-abrasive potential).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stella da Silva Ferreira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Ângela Pita Sobral
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Martins Marques
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Candido LM, Fais LMG, Reis JMDSN, Pinelli LAP. Surface roughness and hardness of yttria stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) after 10 years of simulated brushing. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Y-TZP zirconia used for prosthetic infrastructure, in some clinical situations, can be exposed to the oral environment. In these situations, a polished surface without changes is extremely important. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mean roughness (Ra) and Vickers hardness of Y-TZP zirconia (Lava™) after simulating ten years of brushing. Material and method: Thirty-six Y-TZP bar-shaped specimens (20mm X 4mm X 1.2mm) were divided into three groups: storage in distilled water (DW, n=12, control); brushing with distilled water (BDW, n=12) and brushing with distilled water and fluoride toothpaste (BFT, n=12). Brushing was performed using a brushing machine with a soft-bristled toothbrush, simulating 10 years of brushing (878.400 cycles, 100gf). The mean roughness (Ra in μm) and Vickers hardness (VHN) of all specimens were measured twice: before and after the experimental treatment, in profilometer and microhardness tester (500gf, 30 seconds), respectively. Data were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test (α = 0.05). Result: The interaction between groups was not significant for roughness (p = 0.701) nor for hardness (p = 0.928). The final averages for Ra (μm) were equal to: DW - 0.63; BDW - 0.64; and, BFT - 0.68. The final averages for Vickers hardness (VHN) were: DW - 1301.16; BDW - 1316.60; and, BFT - 1299.58. Conclusion: It was concluded that the brushing with distilled or fluoridated toothpaste was not able to change the roughness and hardness of Y-TZP zirconia used in this study.
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Patil PA, Ankola AV, Hebbal MI, Patil AC. Comparison of effectiveness of abrasive and enzymatic action of whitening toothpastes in removal of extrinsic stains - a clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2014; 13:25-9. [PMID: 25046241 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of abrasive component (perlite/calcium carbonate) and enzymatic component (papain and bromelain) of whitening toothpaste in removal of extrinsic stains. METHODS This study is a randomized, triple blind and parallel group study in which 90 subjects aged 18-40 years were included. At baseline, stains scores were assessed by Macpherson's modification of Lobene Stain Index and subjects were randomly assigned to two groups with 45 subjects in each. Group 1 used whitening toothpaste with enzymatic action and group 2 with abrasive action. After 1 month, stain scores were assessed for the effectiveness of the two toothpastes and 2 months later to check the stain prevention efficacy. Wilcoxson's test was used to compare between baseline 1 and 2 months stain scores, and Mann-Witney U-test was applied for intragroup comparison. RESULTS The mean baseline total stain score for the subjects allocated to the enzymatic toothpaste was 37.24 ± 2.11 which reduced to 30.77 ± 2.48 in 1 month, and for the abrasive paste, total stain reduced from 35.08 ± 2.96 to 32.89 ± 1.95. The reductions in total stain scores with both the pastes were significant compared with baseline stain scores (at 1 month Group 1, P = 0.0233 and Group 2, P = 0.0324; at 2 months, Group 1 P = 0.0356). Both the toothpastes proved to be equally good in removal of extrinsic stains; however, the enzymatic paste showed better results as compared to abrasive toothpaste. CONCLUSION Whitening toothpaste with abrasive action and enzymatic action are equally effective in removal of extrinsic stains; however, whitening toothpaste with abrasive action needs to be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Patil
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, India
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Pinto SCS, Hilgenberg SP, Wambier DS, Farago PV, Bandéca MC, Santos FA. Characterization of Dentifrices Containing Desensitizing Agents, Triclosan or Whitening Agents: EDX and SEM Analysis. Braz Dent J 2014; 25:153-9. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentifrices with different compositions are available on the market, but there is limited information about their properties. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of 12 dentifrices divided into three categories, as containing desensitizing agents, Triclosan or whitening agents. Desiccation loss/residue analysis: 5 g of dentifrice was weighed five times for each group. pH analysis: 5 g of dentifrice were diluted in three parts of distilled water and analyzed using a digital potentiometer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM): analysis of ashes, shape and size of the particles. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX): identification of the abrasive elements. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test (α=0.05). Desiccation loss: 38.21% to 65.83%. Dentifrices containing Triclosan and desensitizing agents showed statistically significant differences among them (p<0.05). Whitening dentifrices showed statistically significant differences between Close-Up Whitening and Sensodyne Branqueador (44.72%, 65.83%, respectively). Most dentifrices presented neutral or basic pH. Different shape and size particles were observed in the SEM analysis. Abrasive elements were identified in the EDX. These results demonstrate that the evaluated dentifrices had different properties and their composition influences directly their characteristics, thus resulting in a more or less abrasive action on tooth surface. Knowing the characteristics of the dentifrices is important to indicate the ideal product for each case.
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