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Guerrero-Romero F, Micke O, Simental-Mendía LE, Rodríguez-Morán M, Vormann J, Iotti S, Banjanin N, Rosanoff A, Baniasadi S, Pourdowlat G, Nechifor M. Importance of Magnesium Status in COVID-19. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050735. [PMID: 37237547 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of published research points to the interesting concept (hypothesis) that magnesium (Mg) status may have relevance for the outcome of COVID-19 and that Mg could be protective during the COVID disease course. As an essential element, Mg plays basic biochemical, cellular, and physiological roles required for cardiovascular, immunological, respiratory, and neurological functions. Both low serum and dietary Mg have been associated with the severity of COVID-19 outcomes, including mortality; both are also associated with COVID-19 risk factors such as older age, obesity, type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and asthma. In addition, populations with high rates of COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization tend to consume diets high in modern processed foods, which are generally low in Mg. In this review, we review the research to describe and consider the possible impact of Mg and Mg status on COVID-19 showing that (1) serum Mg between 2.19 and 2.26 mg/dL and dietary Mg intakes > 329 mg/day could be protective during the disease course and (2) inhaled Mg may improve oxygenation of hypoxic COVID-19 patients. In spite of such promise, oral Mg for COVID-19 has thus far been studied only in combination with other nutrients. Mg deficiency is involved in the occurrence and aggravation of neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19, including memory loss, cognition, loss of taste and smell, ataxia, confusion, dizziness, and headache. Potential of zinc and/or Mg as useful for increasing drug therapy effectiveness or reducing adverse effect of anti-COVID-19 drugs is reviewed. Oral Mg trials of patients with COVID-19 are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Micke
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology, Franziskus Hospital, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | | | - Juergen Vormann
- Institute for Prevention and Nutrition, 85737 Ismaning, Germany
| | - Stefano Iotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Universita di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolina Banjanin
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrea Rosanoff
- CMER Center for Magnesium Education & Research, Pahoa, HI 96778, USA
| | - Shadi Baniasadi
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Guitti Pourdowlat
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Mihai Nechifor
- Department of Pharmacology, Gr. T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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PI TING, ZHOU XIAOWEN, CAI LIANG, ZHANG WEI, SU CHAOFEN, WU WUTIAN, REN XIAOMING, LUO HUANMIN. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the neurotrophic effect of senegenin. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1257-62. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of ICAM-1 through modulation of toll-like receptor-4 signaling in brain endothelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:203-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhou J, Wang F, Zhang J, Gao H, Yang Y, Fu R. Repeated febrile convulsions impair hippocampal neurons and cause synaptic damage in immature rats: neuroprotective effect of fructose-1,6-diphosphate. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:937-42. [PMID: 25206915 PMCID: PMC4146224 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.133145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose-1,6-diphosphate is a metabolic intermediate that promotes cell metabolism. We hypothesize that fructose-1,6-diphosphate can protect against neuronal damage induced by febrile convulsions. Hot-water bathing was used to establish a repetitive febrile convulsion model in rats aged 21 days, equivalent to 3–5 years in humans. Ninety minutes before each seizure induction, rats received an intraperitoneal injection of low- or high-dose fructose-1,6-diphosphate (500 or 1,000 mg/kg, respectively). Low- and high-dose fructose-1,6-diphosphate prolonged the latency and shortened the duration of seizures. Furthermore, high-dose fructose-1,6-diphosphate effectively reduced seizure severity. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that 24 hours after the last seizure, high-dose fructose-1,6-diphosphate reduced mitochondrial swelling, rough endoplasmic reticulum degranulation, Golgi dilation and synaptic cleft size, and increased synaptic active zone length, postsynaptic density thickness, and synaptic interface curvature in the hippocampal CA1 area. The present findings suggest that fructose-1,6-diphosphate is a neuroprotectant against hippocampal neuron and synapse damage induced by repeated febrile convulsion in immature rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rongguo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Xue XY, Liao MJ, Lin LF, Zhang Z, Zhou XW, Zhou X, Luo HM. Phosphorylation of Akt is involved in protocatechuic acid-induced neurotrophic activity. Neurol Res 2013; 34:901-7. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132812y.0000000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Xue
- Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, China
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Jing Liao
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Feng Lin
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhou
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Min Luo
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Brain SciencesJinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and HealthJinan University and the University of Hong Kong, Guangzhou, China
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Zhou XW, Zhang Z, Su CF, Lv RH, Zhou X, Cai L, Wang CY, Yan L, Zhang W, Luo HM. Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate protects primary cortical neurons against Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity through mitochondria pathway. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:1215-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Chao-Fen Su
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Ruo-Hua Lv
- Sinopharm Medicine Holding Guangzhou Co., Ltd.; Guangzhou; China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Liang Cai
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Jinan University; Guangzhou; China
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Lin LF, Liao MJ, Xue XY, Zhang W, Yan L, Cai L, Zhou XW, Zhou X, Luo HM. Combination of Aβ clearance and neurotrophic factors as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Bull 2013; 29:111-20. [PMID: 23179066 PMCID: PMC5561854 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-012-1287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no effective drug to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease affecting an estimated 30 million people around the world. Strongly supported by preclinical and clinical studies, amyloid-beta (Aβ) may be a target for developing drugs against AD. Meanwhile, the fact that localized neuronal death/loss and synaptic impairment occur in AD should also be considered. Neuronal regeneration, which does not occur normally in the mammalian central nervous system, can be promoted by neurotrophic factors (NTFs). Evidence from clinical trials has shown that both Aβ clearance and NTFs are potentially effective in treating AD, thus a new approach combining Aβ clearance and administration of NTFs may be an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Feng Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Min-Jing Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xue
- Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Liang Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Huan-Min Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
- Institute of Brain Sciences, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
- The Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Health, Jinan University and The University of Hong Kong, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
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