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Zhang H, Xiang X, Wang C, Li T, Xiao X, He L. Different effects of acute and chronic oxidative stress on the intestinal flora and gut-liver axis in weaned piglets. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1414486. [PMID: 38952442 PMCID: PMC11215049 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1414486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in modulating the balance of intestinal flora and the gut-liver axis, while also serving as a key determinant of the growth potential of weaned piglets. However, few studies have subdivided and compared acute and chronic oxidative stress. Methods In this study, an intestinal model of acute oxidative stress in weaned piglets using paraquat (PQ) and a chronic oxidative stress model using D-galactosa in weaned piglets were conducted. And we further systematically compare their effects. Results Both acute and chronic oxidative stress models impaired intestinal barrier function and liver function. Chronic stress caused by D-galactose can result in severe redox dysregulation, while acute stress caused by paraquat can lead to inflammation and liver damage. Additionally, the components involved in the CAR pathway were expressed differently. Chronic or acute oxidative stress can reduce the diversity and composition of intestinal flora. In the PQ group, the richness of Mogibacterium and Denitratisoma improved, but in the D-gal group, the richness of Catenisphaera and Syntrophococcus increased. Discussion Not only does this research deepen our understanding of the effects of acute and chronic oxidative stress on intestinal functions, but it also characterizes characteristic changes in the gut flora, potentially identifying novel therapeutic targets and opening new avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital), Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Hunan Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Hunan Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xuping Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Liuqin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Hunan Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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2
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Guo H, Li H, Jia Z, Ma S, Zhang J. Edaravone dexborneol attenuates cognitive impairment in a rat model of vascular dementia by inhibiting hippocampal oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and modulating the NMDA receptor signaling pathway. Brain Res 2024; 1833:148917. [PMID: 38582415 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the intricate pathogenesis of Vascular Dementia (VD), there is a noted absence of potent treatments available in the current medical landscape. A new brain-protective medication developed in China, Edaravone dexboeol (EDB), has shown promise due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, albeit with a need for additional research to elucidate its role and mechanisms in VD contexts. In a research setup, a VD model was established utilizing Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, subjected to permanent bilateral typical carotid artery occlusion (2VO). Behavioral assessment of the rats was conducted using the Bederson test and pole climbing test, while cognitive abilities, particularly learning and memory, were evaluated via the novel object recognition test and the Morris water maze test. Ensuing, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined through Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Synaptic plasticity-related proteins, synaptophysin (SYP), post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor proteins (NR1, NR2A, NR2B) were investigated via Western blotting technique. The findings imply that EDB has the potential to ameliorate cognitive deficiencies, attributed to VD, by mitigating oxidative stress, dampening inflammatory responses, and modulating the NMDA receptor signaling pathway, furnishing new perspectives into EDB's mechanism and proposing potential avenues for therapeutic strategies in managing VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan,China; First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haodong Li
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan,China; First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhisheng Jia
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan,China; First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuyu Ma
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan,China; First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan,China.
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Nyúl-Tóth Á, Negri S, Sanford M, Jiang R, Patai R, Budda M, Petersen B, Pinckard J, Chandragiri SS, Shi H, Reyff Z, Ballard C, Gulej R, Csik B, Ferrier J, Balasubramanian P, Yabluchanskiy A, Cleuren A, Conley S, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A, Tarantini S. Novel intravital approaches to quantify deep vascular structure and perfusion in the aging mouse brain using ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM). J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241260526. [PMID: 38867576 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241260526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Intra-vital visualization of deep cerebrovascular structures and blood flow in the aging brain has been a difficult challenge in the field of neurovascular research, especially when considering the key role played by the cerebrovasculature in the pathogenesis of both vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Traditional imaging methods face difficulties with the thicker skull of older brains, making high-resolution imaging and cerebral blood flow (CBF) assessment challenging. However, functional ultrasound (fUS) imaging, an emerging non-invasive technique, provides real-time CBF insights with notable spatial-temporal resolution. This study introduces an enhanced longitudinal fUS method for aging brains. Using elderly (24-month C57BL/6) mice, we detail replacing the skull with a polymethylpentene window for consistent fUS imaging over extended periods. Ultrasound localization mapping (ULM), involving the injection of a microbubble (<<10 μm) suspension allows for recording of high-resolution microvascular vessels and flows. ULM relies on the localization and tracking of single circulating microbubbles in the blood flow. A FIJI-based analysis interprets these high-quality ULM visuals. Testing on older mouse brains, our method successfully unveils intricate vascular specifics even in-depth, showcasing its utility for longitudinal studies that require ongoing evaluations of CBF and vascular aspects in aging-focused research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sharon Negri
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Madison Sanford
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Raymond Jiang
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Roland Patai
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Madeline Budda
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Benjamin Petersen
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jessica Pinckard
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Siva Sai Chandragiri
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Helen Shi
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zeke Reyff
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Cade Ballard
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Boglarka Csik
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Audrey Cleuren
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shannon Conley
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Yang C, He Y, Ren S, Ding Y, Liu X, Li X, Sun H, Jiao D, Zhang H, Wang Y, Sun L. Hydrogen Attenuates Cognitive Impairment in Rat Models of Vascular Dementia by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400400. [PMID: 38769944 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia worldwide. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are important factors contributing to cognitive dysfunction in patients with VaD. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of hydrogen are increasingly being utilized in neurological disorders, but conventional hydrogen delivery has the disadvantage of inefficiency. Therefore, magnesium silicide nanosheets (MSNs) are used to release hydrogen in vivo in larger quantities and for longer periods of time to explore the appropriate dosage and regimen. In this study, it is observed that hydrogen improved learning and working memory in VaD rats in the Morris water maze and Y-maze, which elicits improved cognitive function. Nissl staining of neurons shows that hydrogen treatment significantly improves edema in neuronal cells. The expression and activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, and IL-1β in the hippocampus are measured via ELISA, Western blotting, real-time qPCR, and immunofluorescence. The results show that oxidative stress indicators and inflammasome-related factors are significantly decreased after 7dMSN treatment. Therefore, it is concluded that hydrogen can ameliorate neurological damage and cognitive dysfunction in VaD rats by inhibiting ROS/NLRP3/IL-1β-related oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwen Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yuxuan He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Yiqin Ding
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Xinru Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Dezhi Jiao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Yingshuai Wang
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Lin Sun
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
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5
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He Y, He T, Li H, Chen W, Zhong B, Wu Y, Chen R, Hu Y, Ma H, Wu B, Hu W, Han Z. Deciphering mitochondrial dysfunction: Pathophysiological mechanisms in vascular cognitive impairment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116428. [PMID: 38599056 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) encompasses a range of cognitive deficits arising from vascular pathology. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying VCI remain incompletely understood; however, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is widely acknowledged as a principal pathological contributor. Mitochondria, crucial for cellular energy production and intracellular signaling, can lead to numerous neurological impairments when dysfunctional. Recent evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction-marked by oxidative stress, disturbed calcium homeostasis, compromised mitophagy, and anomalies in mitochondrial dynamics-plays a pivotal role in VCI pathogenesis. This review offers a detailed examination of the latest insights into mitochondrial dysfunction within the VCI context, focusing on both the origins and consequences of compromised mitochondrial health. It aims to lay a robust scientific groundwork for guiding the development and refinement of mitochondrial-targeted interventions for VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao He
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiantian He
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, China
| | - Hongpei Li
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Biying Zhong
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Runming Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuli Hu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaping Ma
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyue Hu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhenyun Han
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Lin L, Huang P, Cheng Y, Jiang S, Zhang J, Li M, Zheng J, Pan X, Wang Y. Brain white matter changes and their associations with non-motor dysfunction in orthostatic hypotension in α-synucleinopathy: A NODDI study. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14712. [PMID: 38615364 PMCID: PMC11016347 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The specific non-motor symptoms associated with α-synucleinopathies, including orthostatic hypotension (OH), cognitive impairment, and emotional abnormalities, have been a subject of ongoing controversy over the mechanisms underlying the development of a vicious cycle among them. The distinct structural alterations in white matter (WM) in patients with α-synucleinopathies experiencing OH, alongside their association with other non-motor symptoms, remain unexplored. This study employs axial diffusivity and density imaging (NODDI) to investigate WM damage specific to α-synucleinopathies with concurrent OH, delivering fresh evidence to supplement our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and pathological rationales behind the occurrence of a spectrum of non-motor functional impairments in α-synucleinopathies. METHODS This study recruited 49 individuals diagnosed with α-synucleinopathies, stratified into an α-OH group (n = 24) and an α-NOH group (without OH, n = 25). Additionally, 17 healthy controls were included for supine and standing blood pressure data collection, as well as neuropsychological assessments. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was utilized for the calculation of NODDI parameters, and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were employed to explore differential clusters. The fibers covered by these clusters were defined as regions of interest (ROI) for the extraction of NODDI parameter values and the analysis of their correlation with neuropsychological scores. RESULTS The TBSS analysis unveiled specific cerebral regions exhibiting disparities within the α-OH group as compared to both the α-NOH group and the healthy controls. These differences were evident in clusters that indicated a decrease in the acquisition of the neurite density index (NDI), a reduction in the orientation dispersion index (ODI), and an increase in the isotropic volume fraction (FISO) (p < 0.05). The extracted values from these ROIs demonstrated significant correlations with clinically assessed differences in supine and standing blood pressure, overall cognitive scores, and anxiety-depression ratings (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Patients with α-synucleinopathies experiencing OH exhibit distinctive patterns of microstructural damage in the WM as revealed by the NODDI model, and there is a correlation with the onset and progression of non-motor functional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive NeurologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Institute of GeriatricsFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Institute of Clinical NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
| | - Peilin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive NeurologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Institute of GeriatricsFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Institute of Clinical NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
| | - Yingzhe Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive NeurologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Institute of GeriatricsFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Institute of Clinical NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
| | - Shaofan Jiang
- Department of RadiologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Imaging and Precision Radiotherapy for TumorsFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
| | - Jiejun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive NeurologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Institute of GeriatricsFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Institute of Clinical NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
- Center for GeriatricsHainan General HospitalHainanChina
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive NeurologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Institute of GeriatricsFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Institute of Clinical NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
| | - Jiahao Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive NeurologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Institute of GeriatricsFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Institute of Clinical NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive NeurologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Institute of GeriatricsFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
- Institute of Clinical NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou CityChina
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou CityChina
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Cooper CG, Kafetzis KN, Patabendige A, Tagalakis AD. Blood-brain barrier disruption in dementia: Nano-solutions as new treatment options. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1359-1385. [PMID: 38154805 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Candidate drugs targeting the central nervous system (CNS) demonstrate extremely low clinical success rates, with more than 98% of potential treatments being discontinued due to poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Neurological conditions were shown to be the second leading cause of death globally in 2016, with the number of people currently affected by neurological disorders increasing rapidly. This increasing trend, along with an inability to develop BBB permeating drugs, is presenting a major hurdle in the treatment of CNS-related disorders, like dementia. To overcome this, it is necessary to understand the structure and function of the BBB, including the transport of molecules across its interface in both healthy and pathological conditions. The use of CNS drug carriers is rapidly gaining popularity in CNS research due to their ability to target BBB transport systems. Further research and development of drug delivery vehicles could provide essential information that can be used to develop novel treatments for neurological conditions. This review discusses the BBB and its transport systems and evaluates the potential of using nanoparticle-based delivery systems as drug carriers for CNS disease with a focus on dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adjanie Patabendige
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Aristides D Tagalakis
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Harrison SL, Buckley BJR, Austin P, Lane DA, Lip GYH. Catheter ablation and lower risk of incident dementia and mortality in older adults with atrial fibrillation. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:3357-3366. [PMID: 37609682 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) has consistently been associated with a higher risk of incident dementia. Observational evidence has suggested catheter ablation may be associated with a lower risk of dementia in patients with AF, but further research is needed. The objectives of this study were to use a global health research network to examine associations between catheter ablation, incident dementia and mortality in older adults with AF, and amongst subgroups by age, sex, co-morbidity status, and oral anticoagulant use. METHODS The research network primarily included healthcare organizations in the United States. This network was searched on 28th September 2022 for patients aged ≥65 years with a diagnosis of AF received at least 5 years prior to the search date. Cox proportional hazard models were run on propensity-score matched cohorts. RESULTS After propensity score matching, 20,746 participants (mean age 68 years; 59% male) were included in each cohort with and without catheter ablation. The cohorts were well balanced for age, sex, ethnicity, co-morbidities, and cardiovascular medications received. The risk of dementia was significantly lower in the catheter ablation cohort (Hazard Ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval: 0.45-0.61). The catheter ablation cohort also had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (Hazard Ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval: 0.55-0.61). These associations remained in subgroup analyses in individuals aged 65-79 years, ≥80 years, males, females, participants who received OACs during follow-up, participants with paroxysmal and non-paroxysmal AF, and participants with and without hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic stroke, chronic kidney disease and heart failure, including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. CONCLUSION The observed lower risk of dementia and mortality with catheter ablation could be an important consideration when determining appropriate patient-centered rhythm control strategies for patients with AF. Further studies including data on the success of ablation are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Harrison
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University & Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Registry of Senior Australians, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin J R Buckley
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University & Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Deirdre A Lane
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University & Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University & Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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9
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Xiao Q, Liu H, Yang C, Chen Y, Huang Y, Xiao X, Pan Y, He J, Du Q, Wang Q, Zhang Y. Bushen-Yizhi formula exerts neuroprotective effect via inhibiting excessive mitophagy in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116326. [PMID: 36898450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bushen-Yizhi formula (BSYZ), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription widely used in treating mental retardation and neurodegenerative diseases with kidney deficiency, has been reported to attenuate oxidative stress-related neuronal apoptosis. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is considered to be related to cognitive and emotional disorders. However, it remains to be clarified that the effect of BSYZ on CCH and its underlying mechanism. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of BSYZ on CCH- injured rats based on the domination of oxidative stress balance and mitochondrial homeostasis through inhibiting abnormal excessive mitophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vivo rat model of CCH was established by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo), while the in vitro PC12 cell model was exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) condition, and a mitophagy inhibitor (chloroquine) by decreasing autophagosome-lysosome fusion was used as reverse validation in vitro. The protective role of BSYZ on CCH-injured rats was measured by open field test, morris water maze test, analysis of amyloid fibrils and apoptosis, and oxidative stress kit. The expression of mitochondria-related and mitophagy-related proteins was evaluated by Western blot, immunofluorescence, JC-1 staining assay and Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos assay. The components of BSYZ extracts were identified by HPLC-MS. The molecular docking studies were used to investigate the potential interactions of characteristic compounds in BSYZ with lysosomal membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). RESULTS Our result indicated that BSYZ improved the cognition and memory abilities of the BCCAo rats by diminishing the occurrence of apoptosis and abnormal amyloid deposition accumulation, suppressing oxidative stress damage for abnormal excessive mitophagy activation in the hippocampus. Moreover, in OGD/R-damaged PC12 cells, BSYZ drug serum treatment substantially enhanced the PC12 cell viability and suppressed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation for protecting against oxidative stress, along with the improvement of mitochondrial membrane activity and lysosomal proteins. Our studies also showed that inhibiting of autophagosome-lysosome fusion to generate autolysosomes by using chloroquine abrogated the neuroprotective effects of BSYZ on PC12 cells regarding the modulation of antioxidant defence and mitochondrial membrane activity. Furthermore, the molecular docking studies supported the direct bindings between lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and compounds in BSYZ extract to inhibit excessive mitophagy. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that BSYZ played a neuroprotective role in rats with CCH and reduced neuronal oxidative stress via promoting the formation of autolysosomes to inhibit abnormal excessive mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xiao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Huina Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yueyue Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xiao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yaru Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jinyang He
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Qun Du
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
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10
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Rajeev V, Chai YL, Poh L, Selvaraji S, Fann DY, Jo DG, De Silva TM, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Arumugam TV, Chen CP, Lai MKP. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: a critical feature in unravelling the etiology of vascular cognitive impairment. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:93. [PMID: 37309012 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) describes a wide spectrum of cognitive deficits related to cerebrovascular diseases. Although the loss of blood flow to cortical regions critically involved in cognitive processes must feature as the main driver of VCI, the underlying mechanisms and interactions with related disease processes remain to be fully elucidated. Recent clinical studies of cerebral blood flow measurements have supported the role of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) as a major driver of the vascular pathology and clinical manifestations of VCI. Here we review the pathophysiological mechanisms as well as neuropathological changes of CCH. Potential interventional strategies for VCI are also reviewed. A deeper understanding of how CCH can lead to accumulation of VCI-associated pathology could potentially pave the way for early detection and development of disease-modifying therapies, thus allowing preventive interventions instead of symptomatic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vismitha Rajeev
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuek Ling Chai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luting Poh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharmelee Selvaraji
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Y Fann
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - T Michael De Silva
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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11
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Li S, Jin H, Duan J, Lu X, Qin Y, Song J, Li X, Jin X. Insights of Chinese herbal medicine for mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced cognitive impairment: Existed evidences and potential directions. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1138566. [PMID: 36843941 PMCID: PMC9950122 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1138566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is one of the main pathophysiological markers of cognitive impairment in central nervous system diseases. Mitochondria are cores of energy generation and information process. Mitochondrial dysfunction is the key upstream factors of CCH induced neurovascular pathology. Increasing studies explored the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and self-repair for effective targets to improve CCH-related cognitive impairment. The clinical efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of CCH induced cognitive impairment is definite. Existed evidences from pharmacological studies have further proved that, Chinese herbal medicine could improve mitochondrial dysfunction and neurovascular pathology after CCH by preventing calcium overload, reducing oxidative stress damage, enhancing antioxidant capacity, inhibiting mitochondria-related apoptosis pathway, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and preventing excessive activation of mitophagy. Besides, CCH mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the fundamental causes for neurodegeneration pathology aggravation. Chinese herbal medicine also has great potential therapeutic value in combating neurodegenerative diseases by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shixin Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Jin
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Duan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyue Lu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yinglin Qin
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiale Song
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglan Jin
- Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xianglan Jin,
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12
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Niu X. Naringenin Attenuates Cognitive Impairment in a Rat Model of Vascular Dementia by Inhibiting Hippocampal Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response and Promoting N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3402-3413. [PMID: 36028734 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia globally, yet there are no efficient treatments. Naringenin, a natural flavonoid, exerts antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties; however, its potential effect on VaD remain unclear. Herein, the purpose of present study was to elucidate whether naringenin attenuates cognitive dysfunction in VaD via inhibiting hippocampal oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and promoting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) signaling pathway. A rat model of VaD was established by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion [2-vessel occlusion (2VO)]. Behavioral performance analyses results revealed that administration of naringenin improves cognitive impairment in rats with VaD according to the new object recognition test and the Morris water maze test. In addition, naringenin attenuated hippocampal oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species generation, decreasing malondialdehyde content and recombinant reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (Romo-1) expression, and increasing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the hippocampus of VaD rats. Moreover, naringenin decreased the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) levels and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4) levels in the hippocampus of 2VO surgery-treated rats, attenuating hippocampal inflammatory response during VaD. Furthermore, naringenin promoted synaptophysin (SYP), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), N-methyl-Daspartic acid receptor 1 (NR1) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) expressions levels in hippocampus of VaD rats. Collectively, these findings indicated that naringenin mitigates cognitive impairment in VaD rats partly via inhibiting hippocampal oxidative stress and inflammatory response and restoring NMDARs signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Niu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Yu W, Li Y, Hu J, Wu J, Huang Y. A Study on the Pathogenesis of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: The Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Hypothesis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164742. [PMID: 36012981 PMCID: PMC9409771 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanisms underlying vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) remain controversial due to the heterogeneity of vascular causes and complexity of disease neuropathology. However, one common feature shared among all these vascular causes is cerebral blood flow (CBF) dysregulation, and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is the universal consequence of CBF dysregulation, which subsequently results in an insufficient blood supply to the brain, ultimately contributing to VCID. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to emphasize the important contributions of CCH to VCID and illustrate the current findings about the mechanisms involved in CCH-induced VCID pathological changes. Specifically, evidence is mainly provided to support the molecular mechanisms, including Aβ accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, trophic uncoupling and white matter lesions (WMLs). Notably, there are close interactions among these multiple mechanisms, and further research is necessary to elucidate the hitherto unsolved questions regarding these interactions. An enhanced understanding of the pathological features in preclinical models could provide a theoretical basis, ultimately achieving the shift from treatment to prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +86-0755-8392-2833 (J.W.); +86-010-83572857 (Y.H.)
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +86-0755-8392-2833 (J.W.); +86-010-83572857 (Y.H.)
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14
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Bhat JA, Kumar M. Neuroprotective Effects of Theobromine in permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion rat model of cerebral hypoperfusion. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1787-1801. [PMID: 35587851 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral hypoperfusion (CH) is a common underlying mechanism of dementia disorders linked to aberrations in the neurovascular unit. Hemodynamic disturbances adversely affect cellular energy homeostasis that triggers a sequence of events leading to irrevocable damage to the brain and neurobehavioral discrepancies. Theobromine is a common ingredient of many natural foods consumed by a large population worldwide. Theobromine has shown health benefits in several studies, attributed to regulation of calcium homeostasis, phosphodiesterase, neurotransmission, and neurotrophins. The current study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of theobromine against CH in the permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) prototype. Wistar rats were distributed in Sham-operated (S), S + T100, CH, CH + T50, and CH + T100 groups. Animals received permanent BCCAO or Sham treatment on day 1. Theobromine (50, 100 mg/kg) was given orally in animals subjected to BCCAO for 14 days daily. CH caused neurological deficits (12-point scale), motor dysfunction, and memory impairment in rats. Treatment with theobromine significantly attenuated neurological deficits and improved sensorimotor functions and memory in rats with CH. In biochemistry investigation of the entire brain, findings disclosed reduction in brain oxidative stress, inflammatory intermediaries (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and - 6, nuclear factor-κB), markers of cell demise (lactate dehydrogenase, caspase-3), acetylcholinesterase activity, and improvement in γ-aminobutyric acid quantity in rats that were given theobromine for 14 days daily after CH. Histopathological analysis substantiated attenuation of neurodegenerative changes by theobromine. The findings of this study indicated that theobromine could improve neurological scores, sensorimotor abilities, and memory in CH prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
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15
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Fagerli E, Escobar I, Ferrier FJ, Jackson CW, Perez-Lao EJ, Perez-Pinzon MA. Sirtuins and cognition: implications for learning and memory in neurological disorders. Front Physiol 2022; 13:908689. [PMID: 35936890 PMCID: PMC9355297 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.908689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are an evolutionarily conserved family of regulatory proteins that function in an NAD+ -dependent manner. The mammalian family of sirtuins is composed of seven histone deacetylase and ADP-ribosyltransferase proteins (SIRT1-SIRT7) that are found throughout the different cellular compartments of the cell. Sirtuins in the brain have received considerable attention in cognition due to their role in a plethora of metabolic and age-related diseases and their ability to induce neuroprotection. More recently, sirtuins have been shown to play a role in normal physiological cognitive function, and aberrant sirtuin function is seen in pathological cellular states. Sirtuins are believed to play a role in cognition through enhancing synaptic plasticity, influencing epigenetic regulation, and playing key roles in molecular pathways involved with oxidative stress affecting mitochondrial function. This review aims to discuss recent advances in the understanding of the role of mammalian sirtuins in cognitive function and the therapeutic potential of targeting sirtuins to ameliorate cognitive deficits in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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16
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Tian Y, Zheng Y, Wang Q, Yan F, Tao Z, Zhao F, Wang Y, Huang Y, Li F, Du Y, Wang N, Luo Y. Berberine Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment by Regulating Microglial Polarization and Increasing Expression of Anti-inflammatory Factors following Permanent Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Rats. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:869-879. [PMID: 35142272 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220124140323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is associated with vascular cognitive impairment, and there are no specific therapeutic agents for use in clinical practice. Berberine has demonstrated good neuroprotective effects in models of acute cerebral ischemia; however, whether it can alleviate cognitive impairment caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has rarely been investigated. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore the mechanism by which berberine alleviates cognitive impairment resulting from chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. METHODS Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham, model, and berberine. The models of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion were established via permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze, while neuronal damage and microglial activation and polarization were evaluated using western blotting and immunofluorescence, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect the expression of anti-inflammatory factors including interleukin- 4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). RESULTS Rats exhibited cognitive dysfunction after BCCAO, which was significantly attenuated following the berberine intervention. Levels of synaptophysin and NeuN were decreased in states of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, during which microglial activation and a transition from the M2 to M1 phenotype were observed. Berberine treatment also significantly reversed these features. Moreover, levels of IL-4 and IL-10 expression increased significantly after berberine treatment. CONCLUSION Berberine may mitigate vascular cognitive dysfunction by promoting neuronal plasticity, inhibiting microglial activation, promoting transformation from an M1 to an M2 phenotype, and increasing levels of IL-4 and IL-10 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tian
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yangmin Zheng
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyou Huang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjuan Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Du
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningqun Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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17
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Loh SP, Cheng SH, Mohamed W. Edible Bird's Nest as a Potential Cognitive Enhancer. Front Neurol 2022; 13:865671. [PMID: 35599726 PMCID: PMC9120600 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.865671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive enhancement is defined as the augmentation of the mind's core capabilities through the improvement of internal or external information processing systems. Recently, the focus has shifted to the potential therapeutic effects of natural products in improving cognitive function. Edible bird's nest (EBN) is a natural food substance derived from the saliva of swiftlets. Until today, EBN is regarded as a high-priced nutritious food with therapeutic effects. The effectiveness of dietary EBN supplementation to enhance brain development in mammals has been documented. Although the neuroprotection of EBN has been previously reported, however, the impact of EBN on learning and memory control and its potential as a cognitive enhancer drug remains unknown. Thus, this article aims to address the neuroprotective benefits of EBN and its potential effect as a cognitive enhancer. Notably, the current challenges and the future study direction in EBN have been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Peng Loh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Su-Peng Loh
| | - Shi-Hui Cheng
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Wael Mohamed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
- Basic Medical Science Department, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Selayang, Malaysia
- Wael Mohamed
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18
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O'Donnell CM, Barrett DW, Fink LH, Garcia-Pittman EC, Gonzalez-Lima F. Transcranial Infrared Laser Stimulation Improves Cognition in Older Bipolar Patients: Proof of Concept Study. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2022; 35:321-332. [PMID: 33525934 DOI: 10.1177/0891988720988906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This is the first study to examine if transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) improves cognition in older euthymic bipolar patients, who exhibit greater cognitive decline than is expected for age-matched controls. TILS is a non-invasive novel form of photobiomodulation that augments prefrontal oxygenation and improves cognition in young adults by upregulating the mitochondrial respiratory enzyme cytochrome-c-oxidase. We used a crossover sham-controlled design to examine if TILS to bilateral prefrontal cortex produces beneficial effects on cognition in 5 euthymic bipolar patients (ages 60-85). We measured cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, working memory, sustained attention and impulsivity with tasks that have been shown to differentiate between healthy older adults and older bipolar adults. We found TILS-induced improvements in cognitive performance on the tasks that measure cognitive flexibility and impulsivity, after 5 weekly sessions of TILS. We concluded that TILS appeared both safe and effective in helping alleviate the accelerated cognitive decline present in older bipolar patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M O'Donnell
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, 7067University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Douglas W Barrett
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, 7067University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Latham H Fink
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, 12330University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Erica C Garcia-Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, 12330University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Francisco Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, 7067University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, 12330University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
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19
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Small Vessel Disease: Ancient Description, Novel Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073508. [PMID: 35408867 PMCID: PMC8998274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Small vessel disease (SVD) is one of the most frequent pathological conditions which lead to dementia. Biochemical and neuroimaging might help correctly identify the clinical diagnosis of this relevant brain disease. The microvascular alterations which underlie SVD have common origins, similar cognitive outcomes, and common vascular risk factors. Nevertheless, the arteriolosclerosis process, which underlines SVD development, is based on different mechanisms, not all completely understood, which start from a chronic hypoperfusion state and pass through a chronic brain inflammatory condition, inducing a significant endothelium activation and a consequent tissue remodeling action. In a recent review, we focused on the pathophysiology of SVD, which is complex, involving genetic conditions and different co-morbidities (i.e., diabetes, chronic hypoxia condition, and obesity). Currently, many points still remain unclear and discordant. In this paper, we wanted to focus on new biomarkers, which can be the expression of the endothelial dysfunction, or of the oxidative damage, which could be employed as markers of disease progression or for future targets of therapies. Therefore, we described the altered response to the endothelium-derived nitric oxide-vasodilators (ENOV), prostacyclin, C-reactive proteins, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHF). At the same time, due to the concomitant endothelial activation and chronic neuroinflammatory status, we described hypoxia-endothelial-related markers, such as HIF 1 alpha, VEGFR2, and neuroglobin, and MMPs. We also described blood–brain barrier disruption biomarkers and imaging techniques, which can also describe perivascular spaces enlargement and dysfunction. More studies should be necessary, in order to implement these results and give them a clinical benefit.
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20
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Tang M, Kubota M, Nitanda Y, Yamamoto T. Changes in Magnetic Resonance Signal Fluctuation in Superior Sagittal Sinus: Deterioration of Arteriolar Vasomotor Function of Young Smokers. Tomography 2022; 8:657-666. [PMID: 35314632 PMCID: PMC8938793 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Cerebral arteriolar vasomotor function is vital for brain health and has been examined through CO2 inhalation or breath-holding, which are both challenging for patients. We have developed a non-invasive method to evaluate this function with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by utilizing respiration-induced natural changes in partial pressure of arterial CO2 (PaCO2). In this study, we applied this method for 20s to evaluate the chronic effect of a few years smoking on the cerebral arteriolar vasomotor function. (2) A single slice (five slice thicknesses: 15 mm to 7 mm) perpendicular to the superior sagittal sinus of was imaged successively for 45 s using spin-echo echo-planar imaging by 3T MRI for ten smokers (24.5 ± 1.6 years) and ten non-smokers (24.3 ± 1.4 years), respectively. The venous oxygenation fluctuation (ΔYr) caused by the respiration-induced changes of PaCO2, which reflects the arteriolar vasomotor function, was calculated from the time series MR signal changes of superior sagittal sinus. (3) The ΔYr values of the smokers (0.7 ± 0.6) were significantly lower than those of the non-smokers (1.3 ± 0.8) (p = 0.04). (4) Degeneration of the cerebral arteriolar vasomotor function due to chronic smoking (even after 20s) was demonstrated by our non-invasive MRI-based method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Tang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan;
| | - Masaya Kubota
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Nitanda
- The 1st Department of Radiology, Kin-ikyo Chuo Hospital, Sapporo 007-8505, Japan;
| | - Toru Yamamoto
- Division of Biomedical Engineering and Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-3412
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21
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Li S, Liao X, Pan Y, Xiang X, Zhang Y. Gamma-glutamyl transferase levels are associated with the occurrence of post-stroke cognitive impairment: a multicenter cohort study. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:65. [PMID: 35196998 PMCID: PMC8864864 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is involved in maintenance of physiological concentrations of glutathione in cells, and protects them from oxidative stress-induced damage. However, its role in post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of serum GGT on PSCI. Methods We conducted a prospective, multicenter cohort study. A total of 1, 957 participants with a minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack whose baseline GGT levels were measured were enrolled from the Impairment of Cognition and Sleep (ICONS) study of the China National Stroke Registry-3 (CNSR-3). They were categorized into four groups according to quartiles of baseline GGT levels. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) approach. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the relationship between GGT and PSCI at 3 months follow-up. Results Among the 1957 participants, 671 (34.29%) patients suffered PSCI at 3 months follow-up. The highest GGT level quartile group exhibited a lower risk of PSCI in the fully adjusted model [OR (95% CI): 0.69 (0.50-0.96)], relative to the lowest group. Moreover, incorporation of GGT to the conventional model resulted in slight improvements in PSCI outcomes after 3 months (NRI: 12.00%; IDI: 0.30%). Conclusions Serum GGT levels are inversely associated with the risk of PSCI, with extremely low levels being viable risk factors for PSCI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-022-02587-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Liao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglong Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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22
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Al Dera H, Alassiri M, Al Kahtani R, Eleawa SM, AlMulla MK, Alamri A. Melatonin attenuates cerebral hypoperfusion-induced hippocampal damage and memory deficits in rats by suppressing TRPM7 channels. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2958-2968. [PMID: 35531206 PMCID: PMC9073071 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine if modulating transporters like transient receptor potential cation channels, subfamily M, member 7 (TRPM7) underlies the hippocampal neuroprotection afforded by melatonin (Mel) in rats exposed to cerebral hypoperfusion (CHP). Experimental groups included control, Mel-treated (1.87 g/kg), CHP, and CHP + Mel (1.87 g/kg)-treated rats. CHP was induced by the permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (2VO) method and treatments were conducted for 7 days, orally. Mel prevented the damage of the dental gyrus and memory loss in CHP rats and inhibited the hippocampal reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukine-6 (IL-6), interleukine-1 beta (IL-1β), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). It also reduced the hippocampal transcription of the TRPM7 channels and lowered levels of calcium (Ca2+) and zinc (Zn2+). Mel Also enhanced the levels of total glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the hippocampus of the control and CHP-treated rats. In conclusion, downregulation of TRPM7 seems to be one mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of Mel against global ischemia and is triggered by its antioxidant potential.
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23
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Liu Z, Kumar M, Devi S, Kabra A. The Mechanisms of Cucurbitacin E as a Neuroprotective and Memory-Enhancing Agent in a Cerebral Hypoperfusion Rat Model: Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Excitotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:794933. [PMID: 34955861 PMCID: PMC8703111 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired cerebral hemodynamic autoregulation, vasoconstriction, and cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunctions cause cerebral hypoperfusion (CH) that triggers pro-oxidative and inflammatory events. The sequences linked to ion-channelopathies and calcium and glutamatergic excitotoxicity mechanisms resulting in widespread brain damage and neurobehavioral deficits, including memory, neurological, and sensorimotor functions. The vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of cucurbitacin E (CuE) can alleviate CH-induced neurobehavioral impairments. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of CuE were explored in a rat model of CH. Wistar rats were subjected to permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion to induce CH on day 1 and administered CuE (0.25, 0.5 mg/kg) and/or Bay-K8644 (calcium agonist, 0.5 mg/kg) for 28 days. CH caused impairment of neurological, sensorimotor, and memory functions that were ameliorated by CuE. CuE attenuated CH-triggered lipid peroxidation, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, protein carbonyls, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-kappaB, myeloperoxidase activity, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in brain resulting in a decrease in cell death biomarkers (lactate dehydrogenase and caspase-3). CuE decreased acetylcholinesterase activity, glutamate, and increased γ-aminobutyric acid levels in the brain. An increase in brain antioxidants was observed in CuE-treated rats subjected to CH. CuE has the potential to alleviate pathogenesis of CH and protect neurological, sensorimotor, and memory functions against CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Liu
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Manish Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sushma Devi
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Ambala, India
| | - Atul Kabra
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
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24
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Mossanen Parsi M, Duval C, Ariëns RAS. Vascular Dementia and Crosstalk Between the Complement and Coagulation Systems. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:803169. [PMID: 35004913 PMCID: PMC8733168 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.803169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular Dementia (VaD) is a neurocognitive disorder caused by reduced blood flow to the brain tissue, resulting in infarction, and is the second most common type of dementia. The complement and coagulation systems are evolutionary host defence mechanisms activated by acute tissue injury to induce inflammation, clot formation and lysis; recent studies have revealed that these systems are closely interlinked. Overactivation of these systems has been recognised to play a key role in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, however their role in VaD has not yet been extensively reviewed. This review aims to bridge the gap in knowledge by collating current understanding of VaD to enable identification of complement and coagulation components involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder that may have their effects amplified or supressed by crosstalk. Exploration of these mechanisms may unveil novel therapeutic targets or biomarkers that would improve current treatment strategies for VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert A. S. Ariëns
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, School of Medicine, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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25
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Preischemic Treadmill Exercise Ameliorates Memory Impairment and Microvasculature Damage in Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Int Neurourol J 2021; 25:S72-80. [PMID: 34844389 PMCID: PMC8654316 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2142340.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) in the brain is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and plays a neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders. The effect of preischemic treadmill exercise on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-induced spatial learning memory impairment, microvascular injury, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in relation with SIRT1 expression was evaluated. Methods Prior to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) surgery, the rats in the exercise groups performed low-intensity treadmill running for 30 minutes once daily during 8 weeks. BCCAO surgery was performed on male Wistar rats at 12 weeks of age. Spatial learning memory was measured using the Morris water maze test. Neuronal nuclear antigen, SIRT1, and rat endothelial cells antigen 1 were determined by immunohistochemistry and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta was determined by immunofluorescence. Results Preischemic treadmill exercise ameliorated spatial learning memory impairment and enhanced SIRT1 expression in the BCCAO rats. Preischemic treadmill exercise ameliorated BCCAO-induced damage to microvasculature and pericytes that make up the BBB. The effect of preischemic treadmill exercise was lost with sirtinol treatment. Conclusions These results can apply treadmill exercise prior to cerebral ischemia as a rational preventive and therapeutic intervention strategy to improve cognitive dysfunction in CCH patients.
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26
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Wu LY, Cheah IK, Chong JR, Chai YL, Tan JY, Hilal S, Vrooman H, Chen CP, Halliwell B, Lai MKP. Low plasma ergothioneine levels are associated with neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease in dementia. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:201-211. [PMID: 34673145 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ET) is a dietary amino-thione with strong antioxidant and cytoprotective properties and has possible therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative and vascular diseases. Decreased blood concentrations of ET have been found in patients with mild cognitive impairment, but its status in neurodegenerative and vascular dementias is currently unclear. To address this, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 496 participants, consisting of 88 with no cognitive impairment (NCI), 201 with cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) as well as 207 with dementia, of whom 160 have Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and 47 have vascular dementia. All subjects underwent blood-draw, neuropsychological assessments, as well as neuroimaging assessments of cerebrovascular diseases (CeVD) and brain atrophy. Plasma ET as well as its metabolite l-hercynine were measured using high sensitivity liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Plasma ET concentrations were lowest in dementia (p < 0.001 vs. NCI and CIND), with intermediate levels in CIND (p < 0.001 vs. NCI). A significant increase in l-hercynine to ET ratio was also observed in dementia (p < 0.01 vs. NCI). In multivariate models adjusted for demographic and vascular risk factors, lower levels of ET were significantly associated with dementia both with or without CeVD, while ET associations with CIND were significant only in the presence of CeVD. Furthermore, lower ET levels were also associated with white matter hyperintensities and brain atrophy markers (reduced global cortical thickness and hippocampal volumes). The incremental decreases in ET levels along the CIND-dementia clinical continuum suggest that low levels of ET are associated with disease severity and could be a potential biomarker for cognitive impairment. Deficiency of ET may contribute towards neurodegeneration- and CeVD-associated cognitive impairments, possibly via the exacerbation of oxidative stress in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yun Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Irwin K Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joyce Ruifen Chong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Yuek Ling Chai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Jia Yun Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Departments of Epidemiology and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henri Vrooman
- Departments of Epidemiology and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore.
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27
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Massardo T, Quintana JC, Jaimovich R, Sáez CG, Risco L, Liberman C, Araya AV, Galleguillos T, Castro-Mora G, Pereira J. Regional Brain Perfusion Is Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction Markers in Major Depressive Disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 80:214-224. [PMID: 32726779 DOI: 10.1159/000508110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an important independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cumulative data suggest that depressive patients exhibit derangement in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), although underlying mechanisms remain mostly unknown. Endothelial dysfunction (ED), defined as different forms of abnormal endothelial activity, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. ED is associated with several clinical conditions characterized by high cardiovascular risk. Diverse ED markers have been found in mood disorders. PURPOSE To evaluate the association between rCBF and peripheral ED markers in MDD patients, at baseline and after selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs) therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-seven untreated unipolar MDD patients in their first episode were evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and brain perfusion SPECT at baseline and after 2 months of SSRIs. Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) was employed to evaluate rCBF; circulating endothelial cells (CECs), plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were used as independent covariates. RESULTS Baseline CECs and sICAM were increased in MDD patients compared with matching controls (p = 0.0001) and hsCRP (p = 0.03). HAM-D scores (21 items) and CECs diminished after SSRI therapy in MDD patients (p < 0.0001). There was a significant rCBF decrease, mainly in deep central structures. HAM-D change was associated with rCBF decrease at the left amygdala, right striatum levels, and Brodmann area 25. CEC change was associated with rCBF at deep brain level and sICAM with large rCBF areas at the left caudate and tectum; hsCRP was associated, to a lesser extent, with the left dorsal striatum and mesencephalic tectum. CONCLUSION ED markers in patients with MDD are associated with significant changes in rCBF which are features of depression. These findings suggest that systemic damage/activation of the endothelium may contribute to the abnormal rCBF observed in MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Massardo
- Nuclear Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Quintana
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Jaimovich
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia G Sáez
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Risco
- Universitary Psychiatric Clinic, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Liberman
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aída Verónica Araya
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara Galleguillos
- Universitary Psychiatric Clinic, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Castro-Mora
- Nuclear Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Pereira
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
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28
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Hussain B, Fang C, Chang J. Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown: An Emerging Biomarker of Cognitive Impairment in Normal Aging and Dementia. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:688090. [PMID: 34489623 PMCID: PMC8418300 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.688090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in maintaining the specialized microenvironment of the neural tissue. It separates the peripheral circulatory system from the brain parenchyma while facilitating communication. Alterations in the distinct physiological properties of the BBB lead to BBB breakdown associated with normal aging and various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we first briefly discuss the aging process, then review the phenotypes and mechanisms of BBB breakdown associated with normal aging that further cause neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments. We also summarize dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) and subsequently discuss the phenotypes and mechanisms of BBB disruption in dementia correlated with cognition decline. Overlaps between AD and VaD are also discussed. Techniques that could identify biomarkers associated with BBB breakdown are briefly summarized. Finally, we concluded that BBB breakdown could be used as an emerging biomarker to assist to diagnose cognitive impairment associated with normal aging and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basharat Hussain
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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29
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Haemodynamic frailty - A risk factor for acute kidney injury in the elderly. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101408. [PMID: 34271185 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical frailty in the elderly is defined by a composite measure of functional psychomotor decline. Herein, we develop the concept of haemodynamic frailty (HDF), a state of increased predisposition to disease prevalent in the elderly and characterised by impairment of the network of compensatory responses governing the defence of circulatory volume and adaptive haemodynamic function. We review the factors predisposing the elderly to HDF, with a focus on the impaired capacity to sustain total body water balance. As a component of HDF, dehydration generates vulnerability to diseases caused by tissue hypoperfusion, including acute kidney injury. We provide a detailed mechanistic explanation of how dehydration and depletion of the intravascular volume impacts on renal blood flow to become an important element of the heightened risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the elderly. We bring these mechanistic considerations into the clinical context with reference to examples of how pre-renal (haemodynamic) and intrinsic (involving renal parenchymal damage) AKI risk is elevated in the setting of dehydration. Finally, we present HDF as a state of opportunity to prevent disease, for which diagnostic and interventional standards need to be refined. Further prospective studies are warranted to help clarify the clinical utility of assessing and managing HDF with regard to the mitigation of AKI risk in the elderly.
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Che Mohd Nassir CMN, Damodaran T, Yusof SR, Norazit A, Chilla G, Huen I, K. N. BP, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Mustapha M. Aberrant Neurogliovascular Unit Dynamics in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Rheological Clue to Vascular Parkinsonism. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1207. [PMID: 34452169 PMCID: PMC8398765 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinctive anatomical assemble and functionally discrete multicellular cerebrovasculature dynamics confer varying rheological and blood-brain barrier permeabilities to preserve the integrity of cerebral white matter and its neural microenvironment. This homeostasis intricately involves the glymphatic system that manages the flow of interstitial solutes, metabolic waste, and clearance through the venous circulation. As a physiologically integrated neurogliovascular unit (NGVU) serving a particularly vulnerable cerebral white matter (from hypoxia, metabolic insults, infection, and inflammation), a likely insidious process over a lifetime could inflict microenvironment damages that may lead to pathological conditions. Two such conditions, cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and vascular parkinsonism (VaP), with poorly understood pathomechanisms, are frequently linked to this brain-wide NGVU. VaP is widely regarded as an atypical parkinsonism, described by cardinal motor manifestations and the presence of cerebrovascular disease, particularly white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in the basal ganglia and subcortical region. WMHs, in turn, are a recognised imaging spectrum of CSVD manifestations, and in relation to disrupted NGVU, also include enlarged perivascular spaces. Here, in this narrative review, we present and discuss on recent findings that argue for plausible clues between CSVD and VaP by focusing on aberrant multicellular dynamics of a unique integrated NGVU-a crossroad of the immune-vascular-nervous system-which may also extend fresher insights into the elusive interplay between cerebral microvasculature and neurodegeneration, and the potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Mohd Nasril Che Mohd Nassir
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Thenmoly Damodaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (T.D.); (S.R.Y.)
| | - Siti R. Yusof
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (T.D.); (S.R.Y.)
| | - Anwar Norazit
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Geetha Chilla
- A*STAR Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (G.C.); (I.H.); (B.P.K.N.)
| | - Isaac Huen
- A*STAR Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (G.C.); (I.H.); (B.P.K.N.)
| | - Bhanu Prakash K. N.
- A*STAR Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (G.C.); (I.H.); (B.P.K.N.)
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Muzaimi Mustapha
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Hillebrand SL, Reijnierse EM, Meskers CGM, Maier AB. Orthostatic hypotension assessed by active standing is associated with worse cognition in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients, RESORT. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 96:104482. [PMID: 34284300 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Geriatric rehabilitation inpatients who suffer from acute and chronic diseases that aggravate blood pressure (BP) dysregulation, may be particularly susceptible to orthostatic hypotension (OH). OH may increase the risk of cerebral small vessel disease and subsequent white matter hyperintensities inducing cognitive impairment (CI). This study investigates the association between OH and cognition in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Geriatric rehabilitation inpatients of the observational, longitudinal REStORing health of acutely unwell adulTs (RESORT) cohort in Melbourne, Australia, underwent intermittent BP measurements during active standing or partial postural change to sitting (when unable to stand). OH was defined as a systolic BP drop ≥20 mmHg and/or diastolic BP drop ≥10 mmHg within three minutes after postural change. CI included dementia diagnosis, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score <24 points (categorized as 18-23 (mild CI) and <18 points (severe CI)), Montreal Cognitive Assessment score <26 points or Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale score <23 points. RESULTS In geriatric rehabilitation inpatients (n=1232, mean age 82.3 years (SD 8.2), 57.5% female), OH, CI and dementia prevalence was 20.0%, 61.0% and 20.4% respectively. MMSE was scored 18-23 in 32.6% and <18 points in 27.8% of patients (n=1033). In standing patients (51.7%), OH was associated with CI (p=0.045) and dementia (p=0.021), with a trend for MMSE scores <18 points (p=0.080), but not for MMSE scores 18-23 points (p=0.528). No association was found between seated OH and cognition. CONCLUSION OH assessed by active standing using intermittent BP measurements was associated with worse cognition in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Hillebrand
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esmee M Reijnierse
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, City Campus, Level 6 North, 300 Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carel G M Meskers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, City Campus, Level 6 North, 300 Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore.
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Hashiesh HM, Sharma C, Goyal SN, Sadek B, Jha NK, Kaabi JA, Ojha S. A focused review on CB2 receptor-selective pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of β-caryophyllene, a dietary cannabinoid. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111639. [PMID: 34091179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS), a conserved physiological system emerged as a novel pharmacological target for its significant role and potential therapeutic benefits ranging from neurological diseases to cancer. Among both, CB1 and CB2R types, CB2R have received attention for its pharmacological effects as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antiapoptotic that can be achieved without causing psychotropic adverse effects through CB1R. The ligands activate CB2R are of endogenous, synthetic and plant origin. In recent years, β-caryophyllene (BCP), a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene in cannabis as well as non-cannabis plants, has received attention due to its selective agonist property on CB2R. BCP has been well studied in a variety of pathological conditions mediating CB2R selective agonist property. The focus of the present manuscript is to represent the CB2R selective agonist mediated pharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic potential of BCP. The present narrative review summarizes insights into the CB2R-selective pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of BCP such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, gastroprotective, chemopreventive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulator. The available evidences suggest that BCP, can be an important candidate of plant origin endowed with CB2R selective properties that may provide a pharmacological rationale for its pharmacotherapeutic application and pharmaceutical development like a drug. Additionally, given the wide availability in edible plants and dietary use, with safety, and no toxicity, BCP can be promoted as a nutraceutical and functional food for general health and well-being. Further, studies are needed to explore pharmacological and pharmaceutical opportunities for therapeutic and preventive applications of use of BCP in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelvani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Juma Al Kaabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Electroacupuncture Attenuates Cognitive Impairment in Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion via miR-137/NOX4 Axis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8842022. [PMID: 33986822 PMCID: PMC8079190 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8842022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture has shown protective effects on cognitive decline. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clear. The present study was conducted to determine whether the cognitive function was ameliorated in cerebral hypoperfusion rats following electroacupuncture and to investigate the role of miR-137/NOX4 axis. In this study, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) model was established by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Electroacupuncture treatment attenuated brain injury in CCH model group via regulating miR-137/NOX4 axis. Furthermore, the data of neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress were observed. Our findings indicated that (1) neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress in CCH rats were significantly increased compared with control group; (2) the animal cognitive performance was evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM). The results showed that electroacupuncture therapy ameliorated spatial learning and memory impairment in cerebral hypoperfusion rats; and (3) electroacupuncture therapy reduces neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress by activating miR-137/NOX4 axis. These results suggest that electroacupuncture therapy for CCH may be mediated by miR-137/NOX4 axis. Electroacupuncture therapy may act as a potential therapeutic approach for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
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Scheffer S, Hermkens DMA, van der Weerd L, de Vries HE, Daemen MJAP. Vascular Hypothesis of Alzheimer Disease: Topical Review of Mouse Models. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1265-1283. [PMID: 33626911 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.311911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanny Scheffer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (S.S., D.M.A.H., M.J.A.P.D.)
| | - Dorien M A Hermkens
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (S.S., D.M.A.H., M.J.A.P.D.)
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Departments of Radiology & Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (L.v.d.W.)
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.E.d.V.)
| | - Mat J A P Daemen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (S.S., D.M.A.H., M.J.A.P.D.)
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Kuang H, Zhou ZF, Zhu YG, Wan ZK, Yang MW, Hong FF, Yang SL. Pharmacological Treatment of Vascular Dementia: A Molecular Mechanism Perspective. Aging Dis 2021; 12:308-326. [PMID: 33532143 PMCID: PMC7801279 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a neurodegenerative disease, with cognitive dysfunction attributable to cerebrovascular factors. At present, it is the second most frequently occurring type of dementia in older adults (after Alzheimer's disease). The underlying etiology of VaD has not been completely elucidated, which limits its management. Currently, there are no approved standard treatments for VaD. The drugs used in VaD are only suitable for symptomatic treatment and cannot prevent or reduce the occurrence and progression of VaD. This review summarizes the current status of pharmacological treatment for VaD, from the perspective of the molecular mechanisms specified in various pathogenic hypotheses, including oxidative stress, the central cholinergic system, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity. As VaD is a chronic cerebrovascular disease with multifactorial etiology, combined therapy, targeting multiple pathophysiological factors, may be the future trend in VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Kuang
- 1Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhou
- 1Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-Ge Zhu
- 1Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi-Kai Wan
- 1Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mei-Wen Yang
- 2Department of Nurse, Nanchang University Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- 3Department of Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- 1Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,3Department of Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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36
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Li C, Wang Y, Yan XL, Guo ZN, Yang Y. Pathological changes in neurovascular units: Lessons from cases of vascular dementia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:17-25. [PMID: 33423390 PMCID: PMC7804924 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is the second leading cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD). The decrease of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to different degrees is one of the main causes of VD. Neurovascular unit (NVU) is a vessel‐centered concept, emphasizing all the cellular components play an integrated role in maintaining the normal physiological functions of the brain. More and more evidence shows that reduced CBF causes a series of changes in NVU, such as impaired neuronal function, abnormal activation of glial cells, and changes in vascular permeability, all of which collectively play a role in the pathogenesis of VD. In this paper, we review NVU changes as CBF decreases, focusing on each cellular component of NVU. We also highlight remote ischemic preconditioning as a promising approach for VD prevention and treatment from the NVU perspective of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Xiu-Li Yan
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
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Wei B, Wang Z, Wu S, Orgah J, Zhu J, Song W. Improving Collateral Circulation: A Potential Adjunctive Strategy to Prevent or Slow the Progression of Vascular Dementia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:3061-3067. [PMID: 34675517 PMCID: PMC8502063 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s328446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD), a cognitive disorder caused by cerebrovascular pathologies, is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, being second only to Alzheimer's disease. Researches have shown that adequate cerebral blood flow (CBF) is the first condition for maintaining the structural integrity and normal function of the brain, and VaD is generally considered to be resulted from neuronal loss due to reduced CBF. Collateral circulation, a compensation mechanism for CBF, provides an alternative vascular pathway for blood to reach ischemic tissues, which has been confirmed to be associated with better clinical outcomes of ischemic diseases. At present, considerable effort has been devoted to enhancing the functional prognosis of acute ischemic stroke by improving collateral circulation. Since ischemic stroke is the primary contributor to VaD, it is necessary to explore whether improving collateral circulation is beneficial to prevent or slow the progression of VaD. This article reviews the compensatory characteristics of different levels of cerebral collateral circulation, addresses the relationship between collateral circulation and VaD, and highlights that improving collateral circulation may be a potential adjunctive strategy in preventing and slowing the progression of VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - John Orgah
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanshan Song
- Department of Acupuncture and Cerebropathy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300250, People's Republic of China
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Jacob MA, Cai M, Jansen MG, van Elderen N, Bergkamp M, Claassen JA, de Leeuw FE, Tuladhar AM. Orthostatic hypotension is not associated with small vessel disease progression or cognitive decline. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 2:100032. [PMID: 36324726 PMCID: PMC9616324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2021.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral hypoperfusion is thought to play an important role in the etiology of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is assumed to be a cause of cerebral hypoperfusion by causing recurrent hypoperfusion episodes, and might thus be related to progression of SVD. Here, we investigated whether presence of OH is associated with the progression of SVD MRI-markers and cognitive decline over a time period of 9 years in a cohort of sporadic SVD patients. METHODS This study included SVD patients from the RUN DMC study, a prospective longitudinal single-center cohort study. In total, 503 patients were included at baseline (2006), from whom 351 participated at first follow-up (2011), and 293 at second follow-up (2015). During all visits, patients underwent MRI and cognitive testing. Association between presence of OH at baseline and progression of SVD-markers on MRI and cognitive decline over time was estimated using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS Of the 503 patients who participated at baseline, 46 patients (9.1%) had OH. Cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data showed that OH was associated with higher white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume (β = 0.18, p = 0.03), higher mean diffusivity (MD; β = 0.02, p = 0.002), and with presence of microbleeds (OR 2.37 95% CI 1.16-4.68). Longitudinally, OH was however not associated with a progression of total WMH volume (β = -0.17, p = 0.96) or with higher MD (β = -0.001, p = 0.49). There was no association between OH and cognitive performance, both at baseline and over time. CONCLUSION In this longitudinal observational study, there was no evidence that presence of OH is associated with progression of SVD-markers or cognitive decline over time. Our findings indicate that OH may not be causally related to SVD progression over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina A. Jacob
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mengfei Cai
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle G. Jansen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Noortje van Elderen
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Geriatrics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mayra Bergkamp
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A.H.R. Claassen
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Geriatrics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank-Erik de Leeuw
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anil M. Tuladhar
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author at: Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Neurology (910), Reinier Postlaan 4, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Bu X, Li T, Wang H, Xia Z, Guo D, Wang J, Sun Y, Yang C, Liu G, Ma J, Yang Z, Wang G. Combination of Isoflurane and Propofol as General Anesthesia During Orthopedic Surgery of Perioperative Cerebral Hypoperfusion Rats to Avoid Cognitive Impairment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:549081. [PMID: 33195298 PMCID: PMC7646644 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.549081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Perioperative cerebral hypoperfusion (CH) is common, although the underlying mechanism of cognitive impairment that results due to perioperative cerebral hypoperfusion remains to be determined. Isoflurane anesthesia induces neuronal injury via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, whereas a sub-anesthetic dose of propofol improves postoperative cognitive function. However, the effects of the combination of isoflurane plus propofol, which is a common aesthetic combination administered to patients, on ER stress and cognition remain unknown. Methods: We sought to determine the effects of isoflurane plus propofol on ER stress and cognitive function in rats insulted by cerebral hypoperfusion. Ligation of the bilateral common carotid arteries (CCA) was adopted to develop the cerebral hypoperfusion rat model. A second surgery, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), requiring general anesthesia, was performed 30 days later so that the effects of anesthetics on the cognitive function of CH rats could be assessed. Rats received isoflurane alone (1.9%), propofol alone (40 mg·kg-1·h-1) or a combination of isoflurane and propofol (1% and 20 mg·kg-1·h-1 or 1.4% and 10 mg·kg-1·h-1). Behavioral studies (contextual fear conditioning [FC] test), histological analyses (Nissl staining) and biochemical analyses (western blotting of the harvested rat brain tissues) were employed. Results: Hippocampus-dependent memory of rats in group IP1 (1% isoflurane plus 20 mg·kg-1·h-1 propofol) was not impaired, and expression level of γ-aminobutyric acid A type receptor α1 subunit, a key cognition-related protein, remained normal. ER stress alleviator, binding immunoglobulin protein, increased extremely while ER stress transcription factor, C/EBP homologous protein, showed no statistical difference compared with the control group. Numbers of surviving neurons confirmed the substantial neuronal damage caused by propofol or isoflurane alone. Conclusions: These data suggest that ER stress contributes to the underlying mechanism of cognitive impairment and that the combination of isoflurane and propofol did not aggravate cognitive impairment and ER stress in aging rats with CH that were further subjected to ORIF surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Bu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Tang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China.,The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China.,The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenyi Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China.,The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China.,The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China.,The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guolin Wang
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
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An Iatrogenic Model of Brain Small-Vessel Disease: Post-Radiation Encephalopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186506. [PMID: 32899565 PMCID: PMC7555594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied 114 primitive cerebral neoplasia, that were surgically treated, and underwent radiotherapy (RT), and compared their results to those obtained by 190 patients diagnosed with subcortical vascular dementia (sVAD). Patients with any form of primitive cerebral neoplasia underwent whole-brain radiotherapy. All the tumor patients had regional field partial brain RT, which encompassed each tumor, with an average margin of 2.6 cm from the initial target tumor volume. We observed in our patients who have been exposed to a higher dose of RT (30–65 Gy) a cognitive and behavior decline similar to that observed in sVAD, with the frontal dysexecutive syndrome, apathy, and gait alterations, but with a more rapid onset and with an overwhelming effect. Multiple mechanisms are likely to be involved in radiation-induced cognitive impairment. The active site of RT brain damage is the white matter areas, particularly the internal capsule, basal ganglia, caudate, hippocampus, and subventricular zone. In all cases, radiation damage inside the brain mainly focuses on the cortical–subcortical frontal loops, which integrate and process the flow of information from the cortical areas, where executive functions are “elaborated” and prepared, towards the thalamus, subthalamus, and cerebellum, where they are continuously refined and executed. The active mechanisms that RT drives are similar to those observed in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), leading to sVAD. The RT’s primary targets, outside the tumor mass, are the blood–brain barrier (BBB), the small vessels, and putative mechanisms that can be taken into account are oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation, strongly associated with the alteration of NMDA receptor subunit composition.
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41
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Tiang N, Ahad MA, Murugaiyah V, Hassan Z. Xanthone-enriched fraction of Garcinia mangostana and α-mangostin improve the spatial learning and memory of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1629-1644. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Xanthones isolated from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana has been reported to exhibit neuroprotective effect.
Methods
In this study, the effect of xanthone-enriched fraction of Garcinia mangostana (XEFGM) and α-mangostin (α-MG) were investigated on cognitive functions of the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) rats.
Key findings
HPLC analysis revealed that XEFGM contained 55.84% of α-MG. Acute oral administration of XEFGM (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and α-MG (25 and 50 mg/kg) before locomotor activity and Morris water maze (MWM) tests showed no significant difference between the groups for locomotor activity.
Conclusions
However, α-MG (50 mg/kg) and XEFGM (100 mg/kg) reversed the cognitive impairment induced by CCH in MWM test. α-MG (50 mg/kg) was further tested upon sub-acute 14-day treatment in CCH rats. Cognitive improvement was shown in MWM test but not in long-term potentiation (LTP). BDNF but not CaMKII was found to be down-regulated in CCH rats; however, both parameters were not affected by α-MG. In conclusion, α-MG ameliorated learning and memory deficits in both acute and sub-acute treatments in CCH rats by improving the spatial learning but not hippocampal LTP. Hence, α-MG may be a promising lead compound for CCH-associated neurodegenerative diseases, including vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tiang
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Ahad MA, Kumaran KR, Ning T, Mansor NI, Effendy MA, Damodaran T, Lingam K, Wahab HA, Nordin N, Liao P, Müller CP, Hassan Z. Insights into the neuropathology of cerebral ischemia and its mechanisms. Rev Neurosci 2020; 31:521-538. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCerebral ischemia is a result of insufficient blood flow to the brain. It leads to limited supply of oxygen and other nutrients to meet metabolic demands. These phenomena lead to brain damage. There are two types of cerebral ischemia: focal and global ischemia. This condition has significant impact on patient’s health and health care system requirements. Animal models such as transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and permanent occlusion of extracranial vessels have been established to mimic the conditions of the respective type of cerebral ischemia and to further understand pathophysiological mechanisms of these ischemic conditions. It is important to understand the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia in order to identify therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment. Here, we review the neuropathologies that are caused by cerebral ischemia and discuss the mechanisms that occur in cerebral ischemia such as reduction of cerebral blood flow, hippocampal damage, white matter lesions, neuronal cell death, cholinergic dysfunction, excitotoxicity, calcium overload, cytotoxic oedema, a decline in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), malfunctioning of Na+/K+-ATPase, and the blood-brain barrier breakdown. Altogether, the information provided can be used to guide therapeutic strategies for cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Anuar Ahad
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kesevan Rajah Kumaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Tiang Ning
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izzati Mansor
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Thenmoly Damodaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kamilla Lingam
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Habibah Abdul Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ping Liao
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Christian P. Müller
- Section of Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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Damodaran T, Cheah PS, Murugaiyah V, Hassan Z. The nootropic and anticholinesterase activities of Clitoria ternatea Linn. root extract: Potential treatment for cognitive decline. Neurochem Int 2020; 139:104785. [PMID: 32650028 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clitoria ternatea (CT) is an herbal plant that has been used as a memory booster in folk medicine. CT root extract has been proven to restore chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-induced memory deficits in a rat model, but the underlying mechanisms and the toxicity profile following repeated exposure have yet to be explored. THE AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects of the chronic (28 days) oral administration of CT root extract on CCH-induced cognitive impairment, neuronal damage and cholinergic deficit, and its toxicity profile in the CCH rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The permanent bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries (PBOCCA) surgery method was employed to develop a CCH model in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Then, these rats were given oral administration of CT root extract at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg, respectively for 28 days and subjected to behavioural tests. At the end of the experiment, the brain was harvested for histological analysis and cholinesterase activities. Then, blood samples were collected and organs such as liver, kidney, lung, heart, and spleen were procured for toxicity assessment. RESULTS Chronic treatment of CT root extract at doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg, restored memory impairments induced by CCH. CT root extract was also found to diminish CCH-induced neuronal damage in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. High dose (300 mg/kg) of the CT root extract was significantly inhibited the increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of the PBOCCA rats. In toxicity study, repeated doses of CT root extract were found to be safe in PBOCCA rats after 28 days of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of CT root extract in the treatment of vascular dementia (VaD)-related cholinergic abnormalities and subsequent cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thenmoly Damodaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Pike See Cheah
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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Hong J, Hong SG, Lee J, Park JY, Eriksen JL, Rooney BV, Park Y. Exercise training ameliorates cerebrovascular dysfunction in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease: role of the P2Y2 receptor and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1559-H1569. [PMID: 32383993 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00129.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysfunction is a critical risk factor for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purinergic P2Y2 receptor and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are tightly associated with vascular dysfunction and the pathogenesis of AD. However, the protective effects of exercise training on P2Y2 receptor- and ER stress-associated cerebrovascular dysfunction in AD are mostly unknown. Control (C57BL/6, CON) and AD (APP/PS1dE9, AD) mice underwent treadmill exercise training (EX). 2-MeS-ATP-induced dose-dependent vasoreactivity was determined by using a pressurized posterior cerebral artery (PCA) from 10-12-mo-old mice. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) were exposed to laminar shear stress (LSS) at 20 dyn/cm2 for 30 min, 2 h, and 24 h. The expression of P2Y2 receptors, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and ER stress signaling were quantified by Western blot analysis. Notably, exercise converted ATP-induced vasoconstriction in the PCA from AD mice to vasodilation in AD+EX mice to a degree commensurate to the vascular reactivity observed in CON mice. Exercise reduced the expression of amyloid peptide precursor (APP) and increased the P2Y2 receptor and Akt/eNOS expression in AD mice brain. Mechanistically, LSS increased the expression of both P2Y2 receptor and eNOS protein in HBMECs, but these increases were blunted by a P2Y2 receptor antagonist in HBMECs. Exercise also reduced the expression of aberrant ER stress markers p-IRE1, p/t-eIF2α, and CHOP, as well as Bax/Bcl-2, in AD mice brain. Collectively, our results demonstrate for the first time that exercise mitigates cerebrovascular dysfunction in AD through modulating P2Y2 receptor- and ER stress-dependent endothelial dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A limited study has investigated whether exercise training can improve cerebrovascular function in Alzheimer's disease. The novel findings of the study are that exercise training improves cerebrovascular dysfunction through enhancing P2Y2 receptor-mediated eNOS signaling and reducing ER stress-associated pathways in AD. These data suggest that exercise training, which regulates P2Y2 receptor and ER stress in AD brain, is a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyoung Hong
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Soon-Gook Hong
- Department of Kinesiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonghae Lee
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Joon-Young Park
- Department of Kinesiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason L Eriksen
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Bridgette V Rooney
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Geocontrol Systems, Incorporated, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas
| | - Yoonjung Park
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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45
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Moretti R, Caruso P. Small Vessel Disease-Related Dementia: An Invalid Neurovascular Coupling? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1095. [PMID: 32046035 PMCID: PMC7036993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The arteriosclerosis-dependent alteration of brain perfusion is one of the major determinants in small vessel disease, since small vessels have a pivotal role in the brain's autoregulation. Nevertheless, as far as we know, endothelium distress can potentiate the flow dysregulation and lead to subcortical vascular dementia that is related to small vessel disease (SVD), also being defined as subcortical vascular dementia (sVAD), as well as microglia activation, chronic hypoxia and hypoperfusion, vessel-tone dysregulation, altered astrocytes, and pericytes functioning blood-brain barrier disruption. The molecular basis of this pathology remains controversial. The apparent consequence (or a first event, too) is the macroscopic alteration of the neurovascular coupling. Here, we examined the possible mechanisms that lead a healthy aging process towards subcortical dementia. We remarked that SVD and white matter abnormalities related to age could be accelerated and potentiated by different vascular risk factors. Vascular function changes can be heavily influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors, which are, to the best of our knowledge, mostly unknown. Metabolic demands, active neurovascular coupling, correct glymphatic process, and adequate oxidative and inflammatory responses could be bulwarks in defense of the correct aging process; their impairments lead to a potentially catastrophic and non-reversible condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Moretti
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
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46
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Zhu NW, Yin XL, Lin R, Fan XL, Chen SJ, Zhu YM, Zhao XZ. Possible mechanisms of lycopene amelioration of learning and memory impairment in rats with vascular dementia. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:332-341. [PMID: 31552907 PMCID: PMC6905346 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.265565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia. Studies have shown that lycopene can significantly inhibit oxidative stress; therefore, we hypothesized that lycopene can reduce the level of oxidative stress in vascular dementia. A vascular dementia model was established by permanent bilateral ligation of common carotid arteries. The dosage groups were treated with lycopene (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) every other day for 2 months. Rats without bilateral carotid artery ligation were prepared as a sham group. To test the ability of learning and memory, the Morris water maze was used to detect the average escape latency and the change of search strategy. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe changes of hippocampal neurons. The levels of oxidative stress factors, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde, were measured in the hippocampus by biochemical detection. The levels of reactive oxygen species in the hippocampus were observed by dihydroethidium staining. The distribution and expression of oxidative stress related protein, neuron-restrictive silencer factor, in hippocampal neurons were detected by immunofluorescence histochemistry and western blot assays. After 2 months of drug administration, (1) in the model group, the average escape latency was longer than that of the sham group, and the proportion of straight and tend tactics was lower than that of the sham group, and the hippocampal neurons were irregularly arranged and the cytoplasm was hyperchromatic. (2) The levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde in the hippocampus of the model group rats were increased, and the activity of superoxide dismutase was decreased. (3) Lycopene (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) intervention improved the above changes, and the lycopene 100 mg/kg group showed the most significant improvement effect. (4) Neuron-restrictive silencer factor expression in the hippocampus was lower in the sham group and the lycopene 100 mg/kg group than in the model group. (5) The above data indicate that lycopene 100 mg/kg could protect against the learning-memory ability impairment of vascular dementia rats. The protective mechanism was achieved by inhibiting oxidative stress in the hippocampus. The experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Fujian Medical University, China (approval No. 2014-025) in June 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Wei Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province; Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Yin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ren Lin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shi-Jie Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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47
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Metabolic profiling deciphering the potential targets of Yi-Gan San against vascular dementia in rat. Brain Res 2020; 1727:146512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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48
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Moxibustion therapy improving delayed memory deficits via promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis of hippocampus in a vascular dementia rat model. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-019-1140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Orthostatic hypotension and health outcomes: an umbrella review of observational studies. Eur Geriatr Med 2019; 10:863-870. [DOI: 10.1007/s41999-019-00239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Guo S, Xu JJ, Wei N, Han JY, Xue R, Xu PS, Gao CY. Honokiol Attenuates the Memory Impairments, Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and GSK-3β Activation in Vascular Dementia Rats. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:97-108. [PMID: 31322570 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Guo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ya Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Xue
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Po-Shi Xu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Yu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
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