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Shelburne JD. Feroze N. Ghadially, Physician/Scientist 1920–2014. Ultrastruct Pathol 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2016.1269405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John D. Shelburne
- Department of Pathology, Duke University and VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC, USA
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Koppang HS, Roushan A, Srafilzadeh A, Stølen SØ, Koppang R. Foreign body gingival lesions: distribution, morphology, identification by X-ray energy dispersive analysis and possible origin of foreign material. J Oral Pathol Med 2007; 36:161-72. [PMID: 17305638 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foreign material may cause and aggravate gingival lesions. This is rarely considered clinically. The lesions are resistant to frequently protracted conventional therapy. The foreign material is often inconspicuous and easily overlooked by the pathologist. METHODS 85 cases of gingival lesions containing foreign material were investigated by conventional and polarization light microscopy, focusing on the morphology and optical characteristics of the foreign substance. Supplemented with the results of X-ray energy dispersive analysis the foreign material was compared with commonly used dental materials. RESULTS The foreign material was most frequently compatible with amalgam. Inconspicuous crystals, often revealed only by polarization microscopy, were most commonly compatible with abrasives, particularly corundum and silicates, and mostly occurred together with amalgam dust. CONCLUSIONS Iatrogenic introduction of dental materials during dental procedures explains most foreign body gingival lesions which could be reduced or avoided by prophylactic measures. Pathologists should meticulously scrutinize gingival biopsies routinely applying polarization microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Strømme Koppang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Odontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Yong JLC, Lertsumitkul S, Killingsworth MC, Filipic M. Calcification of intraocular hydrogel lens: evidence of dystrophic calcification. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004; 32:492-500. [PMID: 15498061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2004.00869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report and describe the surface calcification of three cases of implanted intraocular hydrogel lens. METHODS Three surgically extracted hydrogel intraocular lenses were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy as well as by energy dispersion X-ray microanalysis. RESULTS The lens surfaces were covered by granular deposits of calcium phosphate, clearly delineated by von Kossa and alizarin stains for calcium. Transmission electron microscopy showed the deposits to be located within the superficial lens material to a depth of 7 microm and to be associated with what appear to be traces of cellular material including basement membrane and plasmalemma. To the authors' knowledge there has been only one other transmission electron microscopic study. Energy dispersion X-ray microanalysis showed the deposits to contain calcium and phosphorous in all cases. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms and extends the previous reports of five cases of calcification of hydrogel intraocular lenses. The exact mechanism of calcification remains obscure but evidence suggesting cell-mediated dystrophic calcification of the lens surface is presented. Further study is required to monitor the incidence and development of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim L C Yong
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, South Western Area Pathology Service, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.
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Ghadially FN, Walley VM. Pigments of the gastrointestinal tract: a comparison of light microscopic and electron microscopic findings. Ultrastruct Pathol 1995; 19:213-9. [PMID: 7571080 DOI: 10.3109/01913129509064226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is now apparent that light microscopy and histochemistry failed to identify correctly the nature and composition of pigments in various gastrointestinal tract melanoses. In most instances it was thought that the pigment was melanin or a melanin-like substance. Electron microscopy (EM) and electron-probe energy dispersive x-ray analysis have rectified these errors and have shown the following: in melanosis coli the pigment granules contain lipofuscin; in melanoses ilei the pigment granules may contain either silicates and titanium or hemosiderin; and in melanosis duodeni the pigment granules contain iron sulfide. In melanosis esophagi it is not clear what the pigment is; it could be melanin or lipofuscin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F N Ghadially
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ottawa Civic Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Electronmicroscopy and electron probe energy dispersive X-ray analysis studies have substantially contributed to our understanding of the various gastrointestinal tract melanoses. The nature of the pigment granules which occur in the various melanoses is discussed; their pattern of distribution in melanosis coli, melanosis ilei, melanosis duodeni and melanosis oesophagi is summarized and current knowledge of the aetiology and pathogenesis of these conditions is reviewed. Brief mention is also made of other examples of lipofuscin pigmentation, and a case of haemosiderosis ilei is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- F N Ghadially
- Canadian Reference Centre for Cancer Pathology, Ottawa Civic Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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Foreign materials found in the cardiovascular system after instrumentation or surgery (Including a guide to their light microscopic identification). Cardiovasc Pathol 1993; 2:157-85. [DOI: 10.1016/1054-8807(93)90001-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/1993] [Accepted: 03/09/1993] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Klys HS, Salmon AP, De Giovanni JV. Paradoxical embolisation of a catheter fragment to a coronary artery in an infant with congenital heart disease. Heart 1991; 66:320-1. [PMID: 1747287 PMCID: PMC1024732 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.66.4.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Six weeks after cardiac catheterisation via the right femoral vein an infant underwent an anatomical correction for transposition of the great vessels and closure of a large ventricular septal defect. The patient died intraoperatively as a result of severe left ventricular dysfunction. Necropsy showed an old myocardial infarction associated with thrombosis of the circumflex coronary artery. Electron probe x ray analysis showed that foreign refractile material within the thrombus contained bismuth, an element used in the construction of some cardiac catheters. This is believed to be the first report of "paradoxical" coronary embolisation of catheter-derived material and highlights the usefulness of electron probe x ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Klys
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital, Birmingham
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Daley TD, Gibson D. Practical applications of energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis in diagnostic oral pathology. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1990; 69:339-44. [PMID: 2314858 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(90)90296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis is a powerful tool that can reveal the presence and relative quantities of elements in minute particles in biologic materials. Although this technique has been used in some aspects of dental research, it has rarely been applied to diagnostic oral pathology. The purpose of this paper is to inform practicing dentists and oral specialists about the diagnostic potential of this procedure by presenting three case reports. The first case involved the identification of flakes of a metallic material claimed by a 14-year-old girl to appear periodically between her mandibular molars. In the second case, a periodontist was spared a lawsuit when a freely mobile mass in the antrum of his patient was found to be a calcium-phosphorus compound not related to the periodontal packing that had been used. The third case involved the differential diagnosis of amalgam tattoo and graphite tattoo in a pigmented lesion of the hard palate mucosa. The results of the analyses were significant and indicate a role for this technique in the assessment of selected cases. Potential for wider use of energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis in diagnostic oral pathology exists as research progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Daley
- Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Hartman LC, Natiella JR, Meenaghan MA. The use of elemental microanalysis in verification of the composition of presumptive amalgam tattoo. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986; 44:628-33. [PMID: 3461141 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-2391(86)80074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Routine histochemistry, special stains, and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDX) were used to analyze 15 cases of presumptive amalgam tattoo. Histologically, the fine, spherical, golden brown granules of amalgam were remarkably similar to hemosiderin and melanin granules, and routine and special stains were not always reliable in differentiating one from the others. EDX provided a simple, fast, inexpensive, and reliable method for identifying the precise elemental composition of the pigmented material.
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Abstract
Several different analytical systems are available for biomedical elemental analysis related to human nutrition. The principle, detection limits, analytical artifacts, and applications are presented for the following analytical systems for elemental analysis classified by sample volume: macro volume systems--flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP); micro volume systems--electrothermal atomization (graphite furnace) atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETA-AAS) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF); and ultramicro volume systems--electron probe x-ray microanalysis (EPX) and laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA).
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Funahashi A, Schlueter DP, Pintar K, Siegesmund KA. Value of in situ elemental microanalysis in the histologic diagnosis of silicosis. Chest 1984; 85:506-9. [PMID: 6705580 DOI: 10.1378/chest.85.4.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary specimens obtained from ten normal subjects and 53 patients with various pulmonary diseases were studied with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis. The amount of silicon in the pulmonary tissue was determined and expressed as a silicon/sulfur (Si/S) ratio. This Si/S ratio was below 0.2 in the ten normal subjects and in 14 patients who had various interstitial pulmonary diseases but had no previous history of exposure to silica or other dusts known to cause pulmonary fibrosis. The Si/S ratio was greater than 0.3 in 19 of 22 patients who had a history of exposure to silica dust and had clear-cut histologic evidence of silicosis. The Si/S ratio was less than 0.2 in 12 and between 0.2 and 0.3 in two of the 14 patients who had a history of exposure to silica dusts but no clinical or histologic evidence of silicosis. We conclude that the determination of the silicon content of tissue by energy-dispersive x-ray analysis is useful in separating the fibrosis due to silicosis from the other causes of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Abstract
Viruses and other possible causative agents should be sought light and electron microscopically in all cases of ill-defined diseases including "sarcoid." Ideally, tissue should be prepared for electron microscopic examination as soon as a specimen is obtained; however, when this has not been done, tissue preserved in formalin solution can be used. Viruses, some bacteria, and other agents suspected on the basis of light microscopic findings can be verified electron microscopically by reprocessing paraffin-embedded tissue from areas that show smudge cells, focal necrosis with atypical cellular proliferation, and nuclear inclusions. Electron microscopically, all dying cells show swelling and rupture of cellular organelles and membranes; reactive changes include proliferation of branching tubules and paracrystalline and other types of proteinaceous precipitates (inclusions) in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Qualitative and quantitative changes of cellular organelles, fibrils, microvilli, and intercellular junctions reflect hyperplasia, metaplasia, or dysplasia of the cell and may enable identification of the diseases, e.g., desquamative interstitial pneumonia. In various conditions, basal laminae become irregular, disruptive, or reduplicated following epithelial necrosis and regeneration. Electron microscopic evidence of immunologic damage to basal lamina and cells and immuno-electron-microscopic features of the lung in general require further studies. Electron microscopic features of transbronchial biopsy specimens may be diagnostic in cases of alveolar proteinosis, histiocytosis X, and amyloidosis. Ultrastructural abnormalities of cilia are common; primary ciliary defects are rare. Finally, light microscopic, scanning electron microscopic, and x-ray energy-dispersive spectrometric examinations of paraffin-embedded sections appear most practical for the pathologic evaluation of cases of pneumoconiosis.
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Weiner JM, Carroll N, Finkelstein E. Scanning energy dispersive X-ray analysis of intraocular foreign material. Med J Aust 1983; 1:272-4. [PMID: 6828015 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1983.tb136076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Energy dispersive X-ray analysis is recognized as a most useful technique in research. Its diagnostic applications are being rapidly developed. We describe a case of corneal, lenticular and retinal damage in an eye without a documented history of trauma. Scanning energy dispersive X-ray analysis of foreign material in the lens helped to elucidate the probable cause of the injury. The medico-legal implications of this case are briefly discussed.
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Brain T. Hepatic iron by X-ray analysis. Pathology 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3025(16)38138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ghadially FN, Lalonde JM, Yang-Steppuhn S. Uraniosomes produced in cultured rabbit kidney cells by uranyl acetate. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. B, CELL PATHOLOGY INCLUDING MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 1982; 39:21-30. [PMID: 6123178 DOI: 10.1007/bf02892833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cultured rabbit kidney cells were exposed to uranyl acetate. This produced single-membrane-bound presumably lysosomal bodies (called 'uraniosomes') containing electron-dense crystals in the cultured cells. Similar crystalline deposits were seen in extracellular locations also. All uraniosomes and extracellular uranium deposits analyzed by electron-probe x-ray analysis were found to contain uranium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. Traces of sulphur were detected in some but not all uraniosomes and extracellular uranium deposits.
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Ihle B, Buchanan M, Stevens B, Marshal A, Plomley R, d'Apice A, Kincaid-Smith P. Aluminum associated bone disease: clinico-pathologic correlation. Am J Kidney Dis 1982; 2:255-63. [PMID: 7124722 DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(82)80071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A chemical, aurine tricarboxylic acid was used to identify aluminum in bone in a group of chronic renal failure patients with severe osteomalacia. Thirteen out of 49 (26%) patients had a positive stain at the bone-osteoid junction. The presence of aluminum at the staining site was confirmed by electron dispersion x-ray analysis. The patients' biopsies staining negative with this clinical, although having high bone aluminum levels, had more significant features of hyperparathyroidism, both biochemically and histologically than those having a positive stain. The usefulness of this technique to diagnose presymptomatic aluminum related osteomalacia is emphasized.
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Dinsdale D, Bourdillon AJ. The ultrastructural localization of beryllium in biological samples by electron energy-loss spectrometry. Exp Mol Pathol 1982; 36:396-402. [PMID: 7084436 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4800(82)90068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Dodson RF, Castillo-Mozun P, Hieger LR, Williams MG. Ultrastructural and Energy dispersive analysis of inorganic inclusions in a muscle biopsy. Ultrastruct Pathol 1981; 2:365-72. [PMID: 6275591 DOI: 10.3109/01913128109081984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A muscle biopsy that, by light microscopy, exhibited mild atrophy consistent with chronic denervating disease was submitted for ultrastructural analysis. Inorganic structures within the tissue were defined by energy dispersive analysis as aluminosilicates, magnesium silicates, and iron deposits. These structures were localized in the interstitial (intercollagenous) area and in high concentrations within degenerated muscle bundles. An alteration of the blood/muscle barrier has obviously occurred; however, the extent to which the end result commonly occurs in humans is unknown. Clarification of the question raised by this observation will have to be derived from animal studies, and clinicians must have an awareness of the need for electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray analysis in muscle biopsies from patients with similar therapeutic backgrounds.
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Moreton RB. [Electron-probe X-ray microanalysis: techniques and recent applications in biology]. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 1981; 56:409-61. [PMID: 7030420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.1981.tb00355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Ghadially FN. Ultrastructural localization and in situ analysis of iron, bismuth, and gold inclusions. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY 1979; 6:303-50. [PMID: 389568 DOI: 10.3109/10408447909043650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review ultrastructural and electron probe X-ray analytical studies on metallic deposits in cells. The metals that will be dealt with are iron, bismuth, and gold, mainly because they have been extensively studied in recent years. The nature and chemical composition of endogenously (e.g., from breakdown of autologous blood) and exogenously (e.g., after a transfusion or injection of iron compounds) produced hemosiderin (i.e., iron deposits) has been the subject of time-hallowed controversies. Quite a few of these have now been resolved by ultrastructural studies and the atomic composition of such deposits has been determined by electron probe X-ray analysis. The interest in bismuth centers around the fact that this is one of the two metals (the other being lead) that produces quite large intranuclear inclusions. Here again much has been learned by ultrastructural and X-ray analytical studies. The interest in gold stems from the fact that soluble salts of this metal are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and current studies with the above-mentioned techniques indicates how gold produces its beneficial and toxic effects.
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Abstract
By means of X-ray microanalysis it is now practical to detect approximately 10(-19) g of an element in a static-probe analysis within an ultrathin section, with analytical spatial resolution in the range 20--30 nm. The main difficulties for biological microanalysis are connected not with sensitivity but with specimen preparation and beam damage. Careful cryopreparation, beginning with the quench-freezing of a small block of tissue, is essential even for determining the storage sites, or sites of binding in vivo, of physiologically active elements. In frozen-dried or frozen-hydrated sections of quench-frozen tissue, it is now possible to measure local mass fractions of diffusible as well as of bound elements.
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