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Ho TC, Teresi GI, Segarra JR, Ojha A, Walker JC, Gu M, Spielman DM, Sacchet MD, Jiang F, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Maecker H, Gotlib IH. Higher Levels of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Are Associated With Higher Levels of Glutamate in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Depressed Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:642976. [PMID: 33935833 PMCID: PMC8081972 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.642976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of stress and related conditions, including depression, have shown that elevated peripheral levels of inflammatory cytokines have downstream consequences on glutamate (Glu) in the brain. Although studies in human adults with depression have reported evidence of higher inflammation but lower Glu in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the extent to which peripheral inflammation contributes to glutamatergic abnormalities in adolescents with depression is not well-understood. It is also unclear whether antioxidants, such as ascorbate (Asc), may buffer against the effects of inflammation on Glu metabolism. Fifty-five depressed adolescents were recruited in the present cross-sectional study and provided blood samples, from which we assayed pro-inflammatory cytokines, and underwent a short-TE proton magnetic spectroscopy scan at 3T, from which we estimated Glu and Asc in the dorsal ACC. In the 31 adolescents with usable cytokine and Glu data, we found that IL-6 was significantly positively associated with dorsal ACC Glu (β = 0.466 ± 0.199, p = 0.029). Of the 16 participants who had usable Asc data, we found that at higher levels of dorsal ACC Asc, there was a negative association between IL-6 and Glu (interaction effect: β = -0.906 ± 0.433, p = 0.034). Importantly, these results remained significant when controlling for age, gender, percentage of gray matter in the dorsal ACC voxel, BMI, and medication (antidepressant and anti-inflammatory) usage. While preliminary, our results underscore the importance of examining both immune and neural contributors to depression and highlight the potential role of anti-inflammatory compounds in mitigating the adverse effects of inflammation (e.g., glutamatergic neuroexcitotoxicity). Future studies that experimentally manipulate levels of inflammation, and of ascorbate, and that characterize these effects on cortical glutamate concentrations and subsequent behavior in animals and in humans are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Giana I Teresi
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jillian R Segarra
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amar Ojha
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Johanna C Walker
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daniel M Spielman
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yael Rosenberg-Hasson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Holden Maecker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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2
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Walker JC, Teresi GI, Weisenburger RL, Segarra JR, Ojha A, Kulla A, Sisk L, Gu M, Spielman DM, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Maecker HT, Singh MK, Gotlib IH, Ho TC. Study Protocol for Teen Inflammation Glutamate Emotion Research (TIGER). Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:585512. [PMID: 33192421 PMCID: PMC7604389 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.585512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the study protocol for the Teen Inflammation Glutamate Emotion Research (TIGER) project, a longitudinal study in which we plan to recruit 60 depressed adolescents (ages 13–18 years) and 30 psychiatrically healthy controls in order to examine the inflammatory and glutamatergic pathways that contribute to the recurrence of depression in adolescents. TIGER is the first study to examine the effects of peripheral inflammation on neurodevelopmental trajectories by assessing changes in cortical glutamate in depressed adolescents. Here, we describe the scientific rationale, design, and methods for the TIGER project. This article is intended to serve as an introduction to this project and to provide details for investigators who may be seeking to replicate or extend these methods for other related research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Walker
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Giana I Teresi
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Jillian R Segarra
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amar Ojha
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Artenisa Kulla
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Lucinda Sisk
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daniel M Spielman
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yael Rosenberg-Hasson
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Manpreet K Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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3
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Trier NH, Güven E, Skogstrand K, Ciplys E, Slibinskas R, Houen G. Comparison of immunological adjuvants. APMIS 2019; 127:635-641. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole H. Trier
- Department of Autoimmunology Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen S Denmark
| | - Esin Güven
- Department of Autoimmunology Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen S Denmark
| | - Kristin Skogstrand
- Department of Congenital Diseases Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen S Denmark
| | - Evaldas Ciplys
- Institute of Biotechnology University of Vilnius Vilnius Lithuania
| | | | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Autoimmunology Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen S Denmark
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4
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Maibom-Thomsen SL, Trier NH, Holm BE, Hansen KB, Rasmussen MI, Chailyan A, Marcatili P, Højrup P, Houen G. Immunoglobulin G structure and rheumatoid factor epitopes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217624. [PMID: 31199818 PMCID: PMC6568389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are important for immunity and exist in several classes (IgM, IgD, IgA, IgG, IgE). They are composed of symmetric dimeric molecules with two antigen binding regions (Fab) and a constant part (Fc), usually depicted as Y-shaped molecules. Rheumatoid factors found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are autoantibodies binding to IgG and paradoxically appear to circulate in blood alongside with their antigen (IgG) without reacting with it. Here, it is shown that rheumatoid factors do not react with native IgG in solution, and that their epitopes only become accessible upon certain physico-chemical treatments (e.g. heat treatment at 57 °C), by physical adsorption on a hydrophobic surface or by antigen binding. Moreover, chemical cross-linking in combination with mass spectrometry showed that the native state of IgG is a compact (closed) form and that the Fab parts of IgG shield the Fc region and thereby control access of rheumatoid factors and presumably also some effector functions. It can be inferred that antibody binding to pathogen surfaces induces a conformational change, which exposes the Fc part with its effector sites and rheumatoid factor epitopes. This has strong implications for understanding antibody structure and physiology and necessitates a conceptual reformulation of IgG models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Hartwig Trier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Autoimmunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bettina Eide Holm
- Department of Autoimmunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Beth Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Autoimmunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Ib Rasmussen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anna Chailyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Paolo Marcatili
- Department of Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Højrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Autoimmunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Larsen SE, Baldwin SL, Orr MT, Reese VA, Pecor T, Granger B, Dubois Cauwelaert N, Podell BK, Coler RN. Enhanced Anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Immunity over Time with Combined Drug and Immunotherapy Treatment. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6020030. [PMID: 29795025 PMCID: PMC6027321 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that one third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This astounding statistic, in combination with costly and lengthy treatment regimens make the development of therapeutic vaccines paramount for controlling the global burden of tuberculosis. Unlike prophylactic vaccination, therapeutic immunization relies on the natural pulmonary infection with Mtb as the mucosal prime that directs boost responses back to the lung. The purpose of this work was to determine the protection and safety profile over time following therapeutic administration of our lead Mtb vaccine candidate, ID93 with a synthetic TLR4 agonist (glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant in a stable emulsion (GLA-SE)), in combination with rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide (RHZ) drug treatment. We assessed the host inflammatory immune responses and lung pathology 7–22 weeks post infection, and determined the therapeutic efficacy of combined treatment by enumeration of the bacterial load and survival in the SWR/J mouse model. We show that drug treatment alone, or with immunotherapy, tempered the inflammatory responses measured in brochoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma compared to untreated cohorts. RHZ combined with therapeutic immunizations significantly enhanced TH1-type cytokine responses in the lung over time, corresponding to decreased pulmonary pathology evidenced by a significant decrease in the percentage of lung lesions and destructive lung inflammation. These data suggest that bacterial burden assessment alone may miss important correlates of lung architecture that directly contribute to therapeutic vaccine efficacy in the preclinical mouse model. We also confirmed our previous finding that in combination with antibiotics therapeutic immunizations provide an additive survival advantage. Moreover, therapeutic immunizations with ID93/GLA-SE induced differential T cell immune responses over the course of infection that correlated with periods of enhanced bacterial control over that of drug treatment alone. Here we advance the immunotherapy model and investigate reliable correlates of protection and Mtb control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E Larsen
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Susan L Baldwin
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | - Mark T Orr
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Valerie A Reese
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | - Tiffany Pecor
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | - Brian Granger
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | | | - Brendan K Podell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Rhea N Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- PAI Life Sciences Inc., Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
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6
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La Manna MP, Orlando V, Li Donni P, Sireci G, Di Carlo P, Cascio A, Dieli F, Caccamo N. Identification of plasma biomarkers for discrimination between tuberculosis infection/disease and pulmonary non tuberculosis disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192664. [PMID: 29543810 PMCID: PMC5854242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We used the Luminex Bead Array Multiplex Immunoassay to measure cytokines, chemokines and growth factors responses to the same antigens used for RD1-based Interferon γ Release Assay (IGRA) test. Seventy-nine individuals, 27 active TB, 32 latent infection subsets, 20 individuals derivative purified protein (PPD) negative (subjects that do not have any indurative cutaneous reaction after 72 hrs of intradermal injection of PPD) and with other pulmonary disease were retrospectively studied. Forty-eight analytes were evaluated by Luminex Assay in plasma obtained from whole blood stimulated cells. The diagnostic accuracies of the markers detected were evaluated by ROC curve analysis and by the combination of multiple biomarkers to improve the potential to discriminate between infection/disease and non infection. Among 48 cytokines, 13 analytes, namely IL-3, IL-12-p40, LIF, IFNα2, IL-2ra, IL-13, b-NGF, SCF, TNF-β, TRAIL, IL-2, IFN-γ, IP-10, and MIG, were significantly higher in the active TB and LTBI groups, compared to NON-TB patients, while MIF was significantly lower in active TB patients compared to NON-TB and LTBI groups. The diagnostic accuracies of the markers detected in the culture supernatants evaluated by ROC curve analysis revealed that 11 analytes (IL2, IP10, IFN-γ, IL13, MIG, SCF, b-NGF, IL12-p40, TRAIL, IL2 Ra, LIF) discriminated between NON-TB and LTBI groups, with AUC for all analytes ≥0.73, while 14 analytes (IL2, IP10, IFN-γ, MIG, SCF, b-NGF, IL12-p40, TRAIL, IL2Ra, MIF, TNF-β, IL3, IFN-α2, LIF) discriminated between NON-TB and active TB groups, with AUC ≥0.78, that is a moderate, value in terms of accuracy of a diagnostic test. Finally, the combinations of seven biomarkers resulted in the accurate prediction of 88.89% of active TB patients, 82.35% of subjects with latent infection and 90% of non-TB patients, respectively. Taken together, our data suggest that combinations of whole blood Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigen dependent cytokines production could be useful as biomarkers to determine tuberculosis disease states when compared to non TB cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pio La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Policlinico P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Orlando
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Policlinico P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Li Donni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Guido Sireci
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Policlinico P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Di Carlo
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Policlinico P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Policlinico P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- * E-mail:
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7
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Ibarra-Meneses AV, Mondal D, Alvar J, Moreno J, Carrillo E. Cytokines and chemokines measured in dried SLA-stimulated whole blood spots for asymptomatic Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17266. [PMID: 29222521 PMCID: PMC5722824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole blood stimulation with soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA), followed by plasma cytokine and chemokine determination, provides means of detecting subjects with asymptomatic Leishmania infection. This work examines the potential of Protein Saver 903 cards for the storage and transport of SLA-stimulated dried plasma spot samples. Blood was collected from asymptomatic and negative control subjects living in a Leishmania infantum- (Spain) and Leishmania donovani-endemic area (Bangladesh). After SLA-stimulation, three types of sample were prepared: frozen liquid plasma (-20 °C), and plasma dropped onto Protein Saver cards kept at -20 °C (DPS-FZ), and at ambient temperature (DPS-AT). The concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2, CXCL10, CXCL9, CCL2 and CXCL8 in the thawed liquid plasma (TLP), DPS-FZ and DPS-AT samples were then determined. Strong correlations were seen between the TLP and DPS-FZ/AT samples for all the studied cytokines/chemokines in both the L. infantum and L. donovani areas. Protein Saver 903 cards would therefore appear to allow for the transport of SLA-stimulated plasma samples by courier at ambient temperature. The CXCL10 and CXCL9 detectable in these plasma spots provided robust markers for identifying asymptomatic subjects from both endemic areas. This easy procedure opens up new possibilities for field studies in resource-limited settings, which could help in Leishmania control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Ibarra-Meneses
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Mondal
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - J Alvar
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Moreno
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Carrillo
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Leishmaniasis, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Yao X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Liu W, Ye Z, Zheng C, Ge S. Multiplex analysis of plasma cytokines/chemokines showing different immune responses in active TB patients, latent TB infection and healthy participants. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 107:88-94. [PMID: 29050777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) have been widely used to diagnose Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. However, IGRAs cannot discriminate between active TB patients and latent TB infection (LTBI), and the sensitivity of IGRAs for MTB infection is suboptimal. Here, we analyzed cytokines/chemokines in MTB antigen-stimulated and -unstimulated plasma samples to identify host biomarkers that are associated with active TB and MTB infection. Active TB patients, subjects with LTBI and healthy participants were recruited. Seventy-one soluble cytokines and chemokines were tested using Luminex liquid array-based multiplexed immunoassays. For the 71 examined factors, our results indicated that the unstimulated levels of IL-8 Nil, IP-10 Nil, MIP-1a Nil, and sIL-2Ra Nil and the antigen stimulated levels of IL-8 (Ag-Nil), VEGF (Ag-Nil), and MCP-3 (Ag-Nil) were potential biomarkers for differentiating between active TB and LTBI, with AUCs of 0.8, 0.86, 0.755, 0.845, 0.825, 0.812 and 0.75, respectively. The G-CSF (Ag-Nil), GM-CSF (Ag-Nil), IL-1a (Ag-Nil), IL-2 (Ag-Nil), IP-10 (Ag-Nil), BCA-1 (Ag-Nil) and Eotaxin-1 (Ag-Nil) responses were significantly higher in patients with active TB and LTBI compared with healthy participants (p < 0.05), with AUCs of 0.922, 0.902, 0.908, 1.0, 0.937, 0.919 and 0.935, respectively. Our preliminary data suggest that unstimulated or stimulated levels of cytokines and chemokines could be used as host biomarkers for diagnosing active TB as well as additional biomarkers, except IFN-γ, for MTB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Yao
- First Hospital of Xiamen University Xinglin Branch, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China.
| | - Yongliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China.
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China.
| | - Zhizhong Ye
- First Hospital of Xiamen University Xinglin Branch, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China.
| | - Chao Zheng
- First Hospital of Xiamen University Xinglin Branch, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China.
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China.
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9
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Lundtoft C, Awuah AAA, Nausch N, Enimil A, Mayatepek E, Owusu-Dabo E, Jacobsen M. Alternative Quantiferon cytokines for diagnosis of children with active tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in Ghana. Med Microbiol Immunol 2017; 206:259-265. [PMID: 28299430 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-017-0501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ release assays (IGRAs) often present false-negative or indeterminate results in children with tuberculosis. HIV co-infection may contribute to decreased sensitivity of IGRAs by impairing T-cell IFN-γ expression. Measurement of alternative cytokines in QuantiFERON® (QFT) supernatants can circumvent the IFN-γ-dependency and may improve QFT sensitivity. We aimed to identify additional cytokines from QFT supernatants for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children with tuberculosis and HIV co-infection from Ghana. Concentrations of 18 cytokines in QFT supernatants from children (0-16 years) with tuberculosis concomitantly infected with HIV (n = 25) or without HIV (n = 24) from Ghana were measured using cytometric bead array (CBA). 29% of the children showed positive IFN-γ test results, and five cytokines, i.e., IL-6, IL-21, TNF-α, IL-1α and IP-10, detected M. tuberculosis infection with comparable or, for IL-6, with significantly higher sensitivity (59%). Increased age and HIV co-infection were associated with decreased cytokine induction, and especially IL-21 and IP-10 were less prevalent in HIV co-infected children with tuberculosis. Combined cytokine analyses increased proportions of positive tests, and a four-cytokine subset (i.e., IL-6, IL-21, IFN-γ, IL-1α) predicted 78% of the children with tuberculosis correctly. Combined evaluation of IFN-γ and alternative cytokines improved IGRA-sensitivity in children with tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lundtoft
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Group, Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthony Afum-Adjei Awuah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Norman Nausch
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Group, Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Group, Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Marc Jacobsen
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Group, Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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10
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Won EJ, Choi JH, Cho YN, Jin HM, Kee HJ, Park YW, Kwon YS, Kee SJ. Biomarkers for discrimination between latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis disease. J Infect 2016; 74:281-293. [PMID: 27871809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether combinations of multiplex cytokine responses could differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection states. METHODS Mtb-specific antigen-induced and unstimulated cytokines were measured by Luminex assay in supernatants of QuantiFERON® Gold In-Tube assay (QFT) in 48 active pulmonary TB patients (TB), 15 latent TB infection subjects (LTBI), and 13 healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS Among the 29 cytokines, eight Mtb antigen-specific biomarkers (GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-3, IL-13, IP-10, and MIP-1β) in the Mtb-infected group were significantly different from those of the HCs. Five Mtb-specific biomarkers (EGF, GM-CSF, IL-5, IL-10, and VEGF), two unstimulated biomarkers (TNF-α[Nil] and VEGF[Nil]), and one Mtb-specific biomarker ratio (IL-2/IFN-γ) showed significant differences between active TB and LTBI. Three unstimulated biomarkers (IL-8[Nil], IL-13[Nil], and VEGF[Nil]) and 5 Mtb-specific biomarkers (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-3, IP-10, and VEGF) were significantly different between active TB and non-active TB groups. Combinations of three cytokine biomarkers resulted in the accurate prediction of 92.1-93.7% of Mtb-infected cases and 92.3-100% of HCs, respectively. Moreover, combinations of five biomarkers accurately predicted 90.9-100% of active TB cases and 80-100% of LTBI subjects, respectively. In discriminating between active TB and non-active TB regardless of QFT results, combinations of six biomarkers predicted 79.2-95.8% of active TB cases and 67.9-89.3% of non-active TB subjects. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data suggest that combinations of whole blood Mtb antigen-dependent cytokines could serve as biomarkers to determine TB disease states. Especially, VEGF is highlighted as a key biomarker for reflecting active TB, irrespective of stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Won
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kee
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kwon
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Profiling the human immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis by human cytokine array. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 97:108-17. [PMID: 26980502 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the most serious infectious diseases in the world, however, no effective biomarkers can be used for rapid screening of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active TB. In this study, serum cytokines were screened and tested as potential biomarker for TB diagnosis. METHOD Cytokine array was used to track the cytokine profile and its dynamic change after TB infection. The different expressions of cytokines were confirmed by ELISA assay. ROC curve analyses were used to evaluate the efficacy of a cytokine or cytokine combination for diagnosis. RESULTS Eotaxin-2, ICAM-1, MCSF, IL-12p70, and IL-11 were significantly higher in the LTBI individuals. I-309, MIG, Eotaxin-2, IL-8, ICAM-1, IL-6sR, and Eotaxin were significantly higher in active TB patients. ROC curve analyses gave AUCs of 0.843, 0.898, and 0.888 for I-309, MIG, and IL-8, respectively, and 0.894 for the combination panel in active TB diagnosis. IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-2/TNF-α ratios exhibit dynamic changes in the healthy control and LTBI to different stages of active TB. CONCLUSIONS Serum cytokines, including I-309 and MIG, IL-8, Extoxin-2, ICAM-1 and combinations of cytokines, including IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-2/TNF-α, can be used as serum biomarkers for LTBI and active TB screening, thus indicating prospective clinical applications.
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12
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Abstract
There is mounting evidence that inflammation is a major factor in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Inflammatory status is commonly ascertained by measuring peripheral cytokine concentrations. An issue concerning research on inflammation and schizophrenia relates to assay methodology. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most widely used and the gold standard method used to measure cytokine concentrations. ELISA has a number of limitations. Both ELISA and multiplex are limited by not being able to distinguish between bioactive and inactive molecules and the matrix and heterophilic (auto-) antibody interference. Multiplex assays when combined with gene expression analysis and flow cytometry techniques such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting may be useful to detect abnormalities in specific immune pathways. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultures, to evaluate in vitro lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production, may be a better technology than measuring cytokines in the serum. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on major methodological issues that need to be addressed in order to advance the study of cytokines in schizophrenia. We make a few recommendations on how to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maju Mathew Koola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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13
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Drabe CH, Blauenfeldt T, Ruhwald M. ELISA-based assay for IP-10 detection from filter paper samples. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1172:27-37. [PMID: 24908292 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0928-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
IP-10 is a small pro-inflammatory chemokine secreted primarily from monocytes and fibroblasts. Alterations in IP-10 levels have been associated with inflammatory conditions including viral and bacterial infections, immune dysfunction, and tumor development. IP-10 is increasingly recognized as a biomarker that predicts severity of various diseases and can be used in the immunodiagnostics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and cytomegalovirus infection. Here, we describe an ELISA-based method to detect IP-10 from dried blood and plasma spot samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Heldbjerg Drabe
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital of North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark,
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Investigating the use of protein saver cards for storage and subsequent detection of bovine anti-Brucella abortus smooth lipopolysaccharide antibodies and gamma interferon. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:1669-74. [PMID: 23986318 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00033-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brucella abortus, a smooth strain of the genus Brucella, is the causative agent of bovine brucellosis. To support the ongoing development of diagnostic tests for bovine brucellosis, the use of Protein Saver cards (Whatman) for bovine blood serum and plasma sample collection has been evaluated. These cards offer significant logistical and safety alternatives to transporting and storing liquid samples and may aid in diagnostic programs and validation studies. To evaluate the utility of these cards, 204 bovine blood serum samples from Brucella-infected and noninfected animals were stored on and eluted from the Protein Saver cards. Anti-Brucella smooth lipopolysaccharide (sLPS) antibody titers for the serum eluates were compared to those of the unprocessed original serum samples by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed a highly significant correlation between titers from the serum eluates and the unprocessed sera. Therefore, under these circumstances, serum eluates and unprocessed serum samples may be used interchangeably. Blood plasma from 113 mitogen-stimulated whole-blood samples was added to and eluted from the Protein Saver cards. The gamma interferon (IFN-γ) titers in the plasma eluates were compared to those of the unprocessed plasma samples obtained by IFN-γ ELISA. The results showed a significant correlation between the plasma eluates and the unprocessed plasma samples. To derive a signal in the plasma eluate, it was necessary to develop a novel and highly sensitive ELISA for the detection of IFN-γ. The serum samples stored on cards at room temperature over a 10-day period showed little variation in antibody titers. However, the plasma eluates showed a progressive loss of IFN-γ recovery over 10 days when stored at room temperature.
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Aabye MG, Latorre I, Diaz J, Maldonado J, Mialdea I, Eugen-Olsen J, Ravn P, Dominguez J, Ruhwald M. Dried plasma spots in the diagnosis of tuberculosis: IP-10 release assay on filter paper. Eur Respir J 2013; 42:495-503. [PMID: 23349445 PMCID: PMC3729975 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00129412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-γ release assays (IGRAs) are probably the most accurate tests for the detection of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but IGRAs are labour intensive and the transport of samples over longer distances is difficult. IFN-γ-induced protein (IP)-10 is expressed at 100-fold higher levels than IFN-γ, and IP-10 release assays have comparable performance to IGRAs. The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic potential of a novel IP-10 release assay based on dried plasma spots (DPS). The presence of IP-10 and IFN-γ was determined in plasma and in DPS by ELISA. Diagnostic algorithms for plasma and DPS tests for IP-10 were developed on a training cohort comprising 60 tuberculosis (TB) patients and 59 healthy controls. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed in a validation cohort comprising 78 TB patients and 98 healthy controls. Plasma was measured in Spain and DPS samples were sent to Denmark using the conventional postal service for analysis. IP-10 was readily detectable in both plasma and DPS, and correlation was excellent (r(2) = 0.95). QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-TB) and IP-10 in DPS and plasma rendered comparable sensitivity (78%, 82% and 84%, respectively), specificity (100%, 97% and 97%, respectively) and indeterminate rates (p>0.55). The DPS-based IP-10 test has comparable diagnostic accuracy to the QFT-TB and samples can be sent via conventional mail over long distances for analysis without affecting the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine G Aabye
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Aabye MG, Eugen-Olsen J, Werlinrud AM, Holm LL, Tuuminen T, Ravn P, Ruhwald M. A simple method to quantitate IP-10 in dried blood and plasma spots. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39228. [PMID: 22761744 PMCID: PMC3384664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigen specific release of IP-10 is an established marker for infection with M.tuberculosis. Compared to IFN-γ, IP-10 is released in 100-fold higher concentrations enabling the development of novel assays for detection. Dried blood spots are a convenient sample for high throughput newborn screening. AIM To develop a robust and sensitive ELISA-based assay for IP-10 detection in plasma, dried blood spots (DBS) and dried plasma spots (DPS); to validate the ELISA in clinically relevant samples; and to assess the performance of the assay for detection of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and M.tuberculosis specific immune responses. METHOD We raised mice and rat monoclonal antibodies against human IP-10 and developed an ELISA. The assay was validated and applied to the detection of CMV and M.tuberculosis specific responses in 18 patients with immune reactivity towards M.tuberculosis and 32 healthy controls of which 22 had immune reactivity towards CMV and none towards M.tuberculosis. We compared the performance of this new assay to IFN-γ. RESULTS The ELISA was reliable for IP-10 detection in both plasma and filter paper samples. The linear range of the ELISA was 2.5-600 pg/ml. IFN-γ was not readily detectable in DPS samples. IP-10 was stabile in filter paper samples for at least 4 weeks at 37 °C. The correlation between IP-10 detected in plasma, DPS and DBS samples was excellent (r(2)>0.97). CONCLUSIONS This newly developed assay is reliable for IP-10 quantification in plasma, DBS and DPS samples from antigen stimulated and non-stimulated whole blood. The filter paper assays enable easy sample acquisition and transport at ambient temperature e.g. via the postal system. The system can potentially simplify diagnostic assays for M.tuberculosis and CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine G. Aabye
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jesper Eugen-Olsen
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Werlinrud
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Lindebo Holm
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Tamara Tuuminen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pernille Ravn
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Ruhwald
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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