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Won JM, Choi HG, Park SY, Kim JH, Kim SH. Effects of Hyperlipidemia on the Pharmacokinetics of Tofacitinib, a JAK 1/3 Inhibitor, in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2195. [PMID: 37765165 PMCID: PMC10534486 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tofacitinib, an inhibitor of Janus kinases (JAKs) 1 and 3, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The incidence of hyperlipidemia has been found to be higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The present study therefore investigated the pharmacokinetics of tofacitinib after its intravenous (10 mg/kg) or oral (20 mg/kg) administration in poloxamer-407-induced hyperlipidemic (PHL) rats. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC0-∞) after intravenous administration of tofacitinib was 73.5% higher in PHL than in control rats, owing to slower time-averaged nonrenal clearance (CLNR) in the former. Evaluation of in vitro metabolism showed that the intrinsic clearance (CLint) of tofacitinib was 38.6% lower in PHL than in control rats, owing to the decreased protein expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A1/2 and CYP2C11 in PHL rats. Similar results were observed in PHL rats after oral administration of tofacitinib. These results were likely due to the decreased CLNR, CLint, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in the intestines of PHL compared to control rats. Overall, these findings indicated that hyperlipidemia slowed the metabolism of tofacitinib, increasing its plasma concentrations, and that this reduced metabolism was due to alterations in expression of the proteins CYP3A1/2, CYP2C11, and P-gp in the liver and/or intestines of PHL rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Mun Won
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyeom Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Bin Jardan YA, Ahad A, Raish M, Ahmad A, Alam MA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Assessment of glibenclamide pharmacokinetics in poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:719-723. [PMID: 34400867 PMCID: PMC8347666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to describe the consequences of hyperlipidemia (HL) on the pharmacokinetics of glibenclamide (Gb) in poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Rats were given intraperitoneal dose of poloxamer 407 to cause hyperlipidemia. A single oral dose of Gb (10 mg/Kg) was given to normal and HL rats. The Cmax and tmax after oral dose of Gb in normal rats were 340.10 µg/ml and 3.67 h, respectively. Whereas, the Cmax and tmax after oral dose of Gb in HL rats were noted as 773.39 µg/ml and 2.50 h respectively. The AUC value of Gb was found considerably higher in the HL rats. While the plasma clearance (CL) after oral dose of Gb was 2.53 ml/h and 1.39 ml/h in normal and HL rats respectively. The improved plasma concentration of Gb following oral dosing in rats with HL seems to be due to a direct influence on hepatic clearance or metabolizing enzymes. In conclusion, the Gb pharmacokinetics was considerably affected by the HL in rats. Such findings play an important role for predicting the alterations in the pharmacokinetics of drugs including GB, in cases having hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Mohizea
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I. Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Elsherbiny ME. Hyperlipidemia: Insights into Mechanisms Involved in Modulation of Drug Pharmacokinetics and Response. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.32527/2020/101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Oh JH, Lee JH, Lee YJ. Evaluation of the Mrp2-mediated flavonoid-drug interaction potential of quercetin in rats and in vitro models. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019; 14:621-630. [PMID: 32104488 PMCID: PMC7032158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a biologically active flavonoid that has been used as a popular health supplement. It is reported that quercetin may cause flavonoid-drug interaction mediated by P-glycoprotein, the most predominant efflux transporter. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the potential of the pharmacokinetic interaction of quercetin mediated by multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), another major efflux transporter. MRP2-transfected MDCKII cells and LS174T cells were used to evaluate the potential inhibition and induction of MRP2 by quercetin in vitro. To evaluate the induction effect of quercetin on Mrp2 in vivo, Mrp2 mRNA expression in rat liver, kidney, and small intestinal tissues was determined after the oral administration of quercetin (50, 100, or 250 mg/kg) for seven days. Mrp2-mediated interaction potential was also evaluated by the pharmacokinetic study of phenolsulfonphthalein in rats after single or multiple doses of quercetin. Additionally, the effect of quercetin on absorption of docetaxel, a P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 substrate, was also evaluated. Quercetin inhibited the function of MRP2 at 10 µM and induced the mRNA expression of MRP2 at 50 µM in vitro. Additionally, at 100 mg/kg, quercetin markedly increased Mrp2 expression in the small intestine of rats. However, there was no significant change in phenolsulfonphthalein pharmacokinetics due to single- (50, 100, or 250 mg/kg) or multiple-dose (50, 100, or 250 mg/kg for seven days) quercetin co-administration. By contrast, a significant interaction caused by quercetin (100 mg/kg) was observed in the absorption of docetaxel. The results suggested that although quercetin modulates the function and expression of MRP2 in vitro, it may have a low potential of Mrp2-mediated interaction and present negligible safety concerns related to the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Oh
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lee
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Lee
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Lee U, Kwon MH, Kang HE. Pharmacokinetic alterations in poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:611-625. [PMID: 29658375 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1466212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
1. Plasma lipid profile abnormalities in hyperlipidemia can potentially alter the pharmacokinetics of a drug in a complex manner. To evaluate these pharmacokinetic alterations in hyperlipidemia and to determine the underlying mechanism(s), poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic rats (HL rats), a well-established animal model of hyperlipidemia have been used. 2. In this review, we summarize findings on the pathophysiological and gene expression changes in drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in HL rats. We discuss pharmacokinetic changes in drugs metabolized primarily via hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYPs) in terms of alterations in hepatic intrinsic clearance (CL'int), free fraction in plasma (fu) and hepatic blood flow rate (QH), depending on the hepatic excretion ratio, as well as drugs eliminated primarily by mechanisms other than hepatic CYPs. 3. For lipoprotein-bound drugs, increased binding to lipoproteins resulted in lower fu values and volumes of distribution, with some exceptions. Generally, slower non-renal clearance (or total body clearance) of drugs that are substrates of hepatic CYP3A and CYP2C is well explained by the following factors: alterations in CL'int (due to down-regulation of hepatic CYPs), decreased fu and/or possible decreased QH. 4. These consistent findings across studies in HL rats suggest more studies are needed at the clinical level for optimal pharmacotherapies for hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unji Lee
- a Department of Pharmacy , Ewha Womans University Medical Center , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kwon
- b College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The Catholic University of Korea , Bucheon , South Korea
| | - Hee Eun Kang
- b College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The Catholic University of Korea , Bucheon , South Korea
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Gabr RQ, El-Sherbeni AA, Ben-Eltriki M, El-Kadi AO, Brocks DR. Pharmacokinetics of metformin in the rat: assessment of the effect of hyperlipidemia and evidence for its metabolism to guanylurea. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:530-538. [PMID: 28177686 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metformin pharmacokinetics are highly dependent upon organic cationic transporters. There is evidence of a change in its renal clearance in hyperlipidemic obese patients, and no information on its metabolic fate. To study some of these aspects, the influence of poloxamer 407 (P407)-induced hyperlipidemia on metformin pharmacokinetics was assessed. Control and P407-treated adult male rats were administered 30 mg/kg metformin intravenously (i.v.). The pharmacokinetic assessments were performed at 2 time points, 36 and 108 h, following the intraperitoneal dose of P407 (1 g/kg). mRNA and protein expressions of cationic drug transporters were also measured. There was no evidence of a change in metformin pharmacokinetics after i.v. doses as a consequence of short-term hyperlipidemia, and a change in transporter mRNA but not protein expression was observed in the P407- treated rats 108 h after P407 injection. Urinary recovery of unchanged drug was high (>90%) but incomplete. Presumed metabolite peaks were detected in chromatograms of hepatocytes and microsomal protein spiked with metformin. Comparative chromatographic elution times and mass spectra suggested that one of the predominant metabolites was guanylurea. Hyperlipidemia by itself did not affect the pharmacokinetics of metformin. Guanylurea is a putative metabolite of metformin in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raniah Q Gabr
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Ahmed A El-Sherbeni
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Ben-Eltriki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Ayman O El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Dion R Brocks
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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Khalil HA, Belal TS, El-Yazbi AF, Hamdy DA. The effect of increased lipoproteins levels on the disposition of vincristine in rat. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:152. [PMID: 27613245 PMCID: PMC5017019 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vincristine (VCR), an antineoplastic agent, is a key component in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphomas, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and Wilms’ tumor diseases. Recently, high incidence of hyperlipidemia was reported to be associated with allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and VCR/L-asparaginase therapy. The aim of this study is to test the effects of incremental increase in lipoproteins levels on vincristine disposition in rat. Method To study VCR pharmacokinetics and protein binding, rats (n = 25) were assigned to three groups, normal lipidemic (NL), intermediate (IHL) and extreme hyperlipidemic (HL). Hyperlipidemia was induced by ip injection of (1 g/Kg) poloxamer 407 in rats. Serial blood samples were collected using the pre-inserted jugular vein cannula for 72 h post VCR (0.15 mg/Kg) i.v. dose. VCR unbound fractions in NL, IHL and HL plasma were determined using ultrafiltration kits. Results VCR demonstrated a rapid distribution phase (6–8 h) followed by a slower elimination phase with a mean elimination t½ of ~ 14 h. VCR exhibited moderate binding to plasma proteins ~ 83 %. It showed a relatively small Vc (~0.17 L/Kg) and a larger Vβ (1.53 L/Kg) indicating good tissue distribution. As the lipoproteins levels were increased, no significant changes were noted in VCR unbound fraction, plasma concentration, or volume of distribution indicating low affinity to lipoprotein binding. Induced HL also did not affect VCR elimination where similar VCR AUC0-∞, Cl and elimination phase t½ were reported along the different lipemic groups. Conclusion Incremental increase in lipoprotein levels resulted in no significant effect on VCR disposition as such ALL malignant lymphoma and allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients need not to worry about HL-VCR interaction. Whether, HL can potentiate another drug-drug or drug-disease interaction involving VCR warrants further studying and monitoring to ensure therapeutic safety and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A Khalil
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 El Khartoum Square, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Tarek S Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 El Khartoum Square, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.,Faculty of Medicine, the American University of Beirut, Lebanon, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Hamdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 El Khartoum Square, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
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Jardan YAB, Brocks DR. The pharmacokinetics of dronedarone in normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2016; 37:345-51. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Dion R. Brocks
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
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Kwon MH, Yoon JN, Baek YJ, Kim YC, Cho YY, Kang HE. Effects of poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemia on hepatic multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2/Abcc2) and the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2016; 37:352-65. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hye Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon South Korea
| | - Ji Na Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon South Korea
| | - Yu Chul Kim
- Discovery Research Center; C&C Research Laboratories; Suwon South Korea
| | - Yong Yeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon South Korea
| | - Hee Eun Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon South Korea
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10
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The effect of hyperlipidemia on the pharmacokinetics, hepatic and pulmonary uptake of posaconazole in rat. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 91:190-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Choi MR, Kwon MH, Cho YY, Choi HD, Kim YC, Kang HE. Pharmacokinetics of tolbutamide and its metabolite 4-hydroxy tolbutamide in poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2014; 35:264-74. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ran Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon South Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon South Korea
| | - Yong Yeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon South Korea
| | - Hye Duck Choi
- College of Pharmacy; Dongguk University-Seoul; Seoul South Korea
| | - Yu Chul Kim
- Discovery Research Center, C&C Research Laboratories; Suwon South Korea
| | - Hee Eun Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon South Korea
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Lee JH, Oh JH, Lee YJ. Simple and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods for quantification of tadalafil in rat plasma: application to pharmacokinetic study in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:457-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Lee YS, Yoon JN, Yoon IS, Lee MG, Kang HE. Pharmacokinetics of verapamil and its metabolite norverapamil in rats with hyperlipidaemia induced by poloxamer 407. Xenobiotica 2013; 42:766-74. [PMID: 22300394 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.654001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the pharmacokinetics of verapamil and its active metabolite norverapamil were evaluated following intravenous and oral administration of 10 mg/kg verapamil to rats with hyperlipidaemia (HL) induced by poloxamer 407 (HL rats). The total area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) of verapamil in HL rats following intravenous administration was significantly greater (by 11.2%) than in control rats due to their slower (by 11%) non-renal clearance. The oral AUC of verapamil in HL rats was also significantly greater (by 116%) compared with controls, with a larger magnitude than the data observed following intravenous administration. This may have been a result of the decreased intestinal metabolism of verapamil in HL rats. The AUC of norverapamil and AUC(norverapamil)/AUC(verapamil) ratios following intravenous and oral administration of verapamil were unchanged in HL rats. Assuming that the HL rat model qualitatively reflects similar changes in patients with HL, the findings of this study have potential therapeutic implications. Further studies in humans are required to determine whether modification of the oral verapamil dosage regimen in HL states is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
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Brocks DR, Hamdy DA, Ben-Eltriki M, Patel JP, El-Kadi AO. Effect of rat serum lipoproteins on mRNA levels and amiodarone metabolism by cultured primary rat hepatocytes. J Pharm Sci 2012; 102:262-70. [PMID: 23132435 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia can significantly increase amiodarone (AM) in vivo liver uptake and decrease its velocity of microsomal metabolism. Here, hepatocytes isolated from normolipidemic (NL) and hyperlipidemic rats were incubated with AM in the presence or absence of diluted NL or hyperlipidemic serum. The serum was added either as preincubation before drug, or concurrently with drug; incubations without rat serum were used as controls. The hepatocyte levels of mRNA for several proteins and enzymes were also measured. Disappearance of AM was seen up to 72 h. There was little difference between hepatocytes from NL or hyperlipidemic animals in intrinsic clearance (CL(int) ) of AM. The effect of hyperlipidemic rat serum, either before or with AM, was profound, causing a significant reduction in the CL(int) . Reductions were seen in mRNA for cytochrome P450 1A1, 3A2, and 2D1, some transporters, and low-density lipoprotein receptors after exposure of hepatocytes to lipoprotein-rich sera. In conclusion, exposure of isolated hepatocytes to hyperlipidemic serum caused decreases in AM CL(int) and lower mRNA levels for some proteins involved in the uptake and metabolism of AM. When coincubated with serum, an additional effect of increased binding to lipoproteins seemed to further contribute to a reduced CL of AM.
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Caliph SM, Trevaskis NL, Charman WN, Porter CJ. Intravenous Dosing Conditions May Affect Systemic Clearance for Highly Lipophilic Drugs: Implications for Lymphatic Transport and Absolute Bioavailability Studies. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:3540-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Effects of poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemia on the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine and its 10,11-epoxide metabolite in rats: Impact of decreased expression of both CYP3A1/2 and microsomal epoxide hydrolase. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 22:431-40. [PMID: 22137858 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its active 10,11-epoxide metabolite (CBZ-E) were evaluated after intravenous and oral administration of 5 mg/kg CBZ to rats with hyperlipidemia induced by poloxamer 407 (HL rats) and controls. The total area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of CBZ in HL rats after intravenous administration was significantly greater than that in controls due to their slower non-renal clearance (CL(NR)). This was due to slower hepatic CL(int) for metabolism of CBZ to CBZ-E in HL rats via CYP3A1/2. This result was consistent with a previous study indicating reduced hepatic CYP3A1/2 expression in HL rats. Interestingly, the AUC of CBZ-E was also increased in HL rats, while AUC(CBZ-E)/AUC(CBZ) ratios remained unchanged. These results suggested that further metabolism of CBZ-E to the inactive metabolite trans-10,11-dihydoxyl-10,11-dihydro-CBZ (CBZ-D) via microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) was also slowed in HL rats. The significantly reduced hepatic mRNA level and expression of mEH protein in HL rats compared to controls confirmed the above hypothesis. Similar pharmacokinetic changes were observed in HL rats after oral administration of CBZ. These findings have potential therapeutic implications assuming that the HL rat model qualitatively reflects similar changes in patients with hyperlipidemia. Caution is required regarding pharmacotherapy in the hyperlipidemic state in cases where drugs that are metabolized principally by CYP3A1/2 or mEH and have a narrow therapeutic range are in use.
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