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Asano D, Nakamura K, Nishiya Y, Shiozawa H, Takakusa H, Shibayama T, Inoue SI, Shinozuka T, Hamada T, Yahara C, Watanabe N, Yoshinari K. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Quantitative Prediction of Exposure to a Human Disproportionate Metabolite of the Selective Na V1.7 Inhibitor DS-1971a, a Mixed Substrate of Cytochrome P450 and Aldehyde Oxidase, Using Chimeric Mice With Humanized Liver. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:67-80. [PMID: 36273823 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study on the human mass balance of DS-1971a, a selective NaV1.7 inhibitor, its CYP2C8-dependent metabolite M1 was identified as a human disproportionate metabolite. The present study assessed the usefulness of pharmacokinetic evaluation in chimeric mice grafted with human hepatocytes (PXB-mice) and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) simulation of M1. After oral administration of radiolabeled DS-1971a, the most abundant metabolite in the plasma, urine, and feces of PXB-mice was M1, while those of control SCID mice were aldehyde oxidase-related metabolites including M4, suggesting a drastic difference in the metabolism between these mouse strains. From a qualitative perspective, the metabolite profile observed in PXB-mice was remarkably similar to that in humans, but the quantitative evaluation indicated that the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) ratio of M1 to DS-1971a (M1/P ratio) was approximately only half of that in humans. A PXB-mouse-derived PBPK model was then constructed to achieve a more accurate prediction, giving an M1/P ratio (1.3) closer to that in humans (1.6) than the observed value in PXB-mice (0.69). In addition, simulated maximum plasma concentration and AUC values of M1 (3429 ng/ml and 17,116 ng·h/ml, respectively) were similar to those in humans (3180 ng/ml and 18,400 ng·h/ml, respectively). These results suggest that PBPK modeling incorporating pharmacokinetic parameters obtained with PXB-mice is useful for quantitatively predicting exposure to human disproportionate metabolites. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The quantitative prediction of human disproportionate metabolites remains challenging. This paper reports on a successful case study on the practical estimation of exposure (C max and AUC) to DS-1971a and its CYP2C8-dependent, human disproportionate metabolite M1, by PBPK simulation utilizing pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from PXB-mice and in vitro kinetics in human liver fractions. This work adds to the growing knowledge regarding metabolite exposure estimation by static and dynamic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Asano
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (D.A., K.N., N.Y., H.S., H.T., T. Shibayama, S.-i.I., C.Y., N.W.), R&D Planning & Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T. Shinozuka), Research Function, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T.H.), Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Koichi Nakamura
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (D.A., K.N., N.Y., H.S., H.T., T. Shibayama, S.-i.I., C.Y., N.W.), R&D Planning & Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T. Shinozuka), Research Function, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T.H.), Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Yumi Nishiya
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (D.A., K.N., N.Y., H.S., H.T., T. Shibayama, S.-i.I., C.Y., N.W.), R&D Planning & Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T. Shinozuka), Research Function, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T.H.), Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Hideyuki Shiozawa
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (D.A., K.N., N.Y., H.S., H.T., T. Shibayama, S.-i.I., C.Y., N.W.), R&D Planning & Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T. Shinozuka), Research Function, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T.H.), Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Hideo Takakusa
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (D.A., K.N., N.Y., H.S., H.T., T. Shibayama, S.-i.I., C.Y., N.W.), R&D Planning & Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T. Shinozuka), Research Function, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T.H.), Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Takahiro Shibayama
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (D.A., K.N., N.Y., H.S., H.T., T. Shibayama, S.-i.I., C.Y., N.W.), R&D Planning & Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T. Shinozuka), Research Function, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T.H.), Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Shin-Ichi Inoue
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (D.A., K.N., N.Y., H.S., H.T., T. Shibayama, S.-i.I., C.Y., N.W.), R&D Planning & Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T. Shinozuka), Research Function, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T.H.), Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Shinozuka
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (D.A., K.N., N.Y., H.S., H.T., T. Shibayama, S.-i.I., C.Y., N.W.), R&D Planning & Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T. Shinozuka), Research Function, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T.H.), Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Takakazu Hamada
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (D.A., K.N., N.Y., H.S., H.T., T. Shibayama, S.-i.I., C.Y., N.W.), R&D Planning & Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T. Shinozuka), Research Function, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T.H.), Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Chizuko Yahara
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (D.A., K.N., N.Y., H.S., H.T., T. Shibayama, S.-i.I., C.Y., N.W.), R&D Planning & Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T. Shinozuka), Research Function, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T.H.), Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Nobuaki Watanabe
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (D.A., K.N., N.Y., H.S., H.T., T. Shibayama, S.-i.I., C.Y., N.W.), R&D Planning & Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T. Shinozuka), Research Function, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T.H.), Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (K.Y.)
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (D.A., K.N., N.Y., H.S., H.T., T. Shibayama, S.-i.I., C.Y., N.W.), R&D Planning & Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T. Shinozuka), Research Function, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (T.H.), Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (K.Y.)
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Asano D, Hamaue S, Zahir H, Shiozawa H, Nishiya Y, Kimura T, Kazui M, Yamamura N, Ikeguchi M, Shibayama T, Inoue SI, Shinozuka T, Watanabe T, Yahara C, Watanabe N, Yoshinari K. CYP2C8-Mediated Formation of a Human Disproportionate Metabolite of the Selective Na V1.7 Inhibitor DS-1971a, a Mixed Cytochrome P450 and Aldehyde Oxidase Substrate. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:235-242. [PMID: 34930785 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting human disproportionate metabolites is difficult, especially when drugs undergo species-specific metabolism mediated by cytochrome P450s (P450s) and/or non-P450 enzymes. This study assessed human metabolites of DS-1971a, a potent Nav1.7-selective blocker, by performing human mass balance studies and characterizing DS-1971a metabolites, in accordance with the Metabolites in Safety Testing (MIST) guidance. In addition, we investigated the mechanism by which the major human disproportionate metabolite (M1) was formed. After oral administration of radiolabeled DS-1971a, the major metabolites in human plasma were P450-mediated monoxidized metabolites M1 and M2 with area under the curve ratios of 27% and 10% of total drug-related exposure, respectively; the minor metabolites were dioxidized metabolites produced by aldehyde oxidase and P450s. By comparing exposure levels of M1 and M2 between humans and safety assessment animals, M1 but not M2 was found to be a human disproportionate metabolite, requiring further characterization under the MIST guidance. Incubation studies with human liver microsomes indicated that CYP2C8 was responsible for the formation of M1. Docking simulation indicated that, in the formation of M1 and M2, there would be hydrogen bonding and/or electrostatic interactions between the pyrimidine and sulfonamide moieties of DS-1971a and amino acid residues Ser100, Ile102, Ile106, Thr107, and Asn217 in CYP2C8, and that the cyclohexane ring of DS-1971a would be located near the heme iron of CYP2C8. These results clearly indicate that M1 is the predominant metabolite in humans and a human disproportionate metabolite due to species-specific differences in metabolism. Significance Statement This report is the first to show a human disproportionate metabolite generated by CYP2C8-mediated primary metabolism. We clearly demonstrate that DS-1971a, a mixed aldehyde oxidase and cytochrome P450 substrate, was predominantly metabolized by CYP2C8 to form M1, a human disproportionate metabolite. Species differences in the formation of M1 highlight the regio- and stereoselective metabolism by CYP2C8, and the proposed interaction between DS-1971a and CYP2C8 provides new knowledge of CYP2C8-mediated metabolism of cyclohexane-containing substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Asano
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Japan
| | | | | | - Hideyuki Shiozawa
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Yumi Nishiya
- Drug Metabolism&Pharacokinetics Research Labo, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Takahiro Shibayama
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Inoue
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Japan
| | | | | | | | - Nobuaki Watanabe
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Japan
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Fathi MA, Han G, Kang R, Shen D, Shen J, Li C. Disruption of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver and small intestine in chicken embryos in ovo exposed to glyphosate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:16865-16875. [PMID: 32144705 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the active component of several commercial formulations as in Roundup®. The present study was investigated the toxic effects of pure glyphosate or Roundup® on the liver and small intestine of chick embryos. On day 6, a total of 180 fertile eggs injected with deionized water (control group), 10 mg pure glyphosate, or 10 mg of the active ingredient glyphosate in Roundup®/kg egg mass. The results showed an increase in relative weights of the liver in embryos that treated with Roundup®. Furthermore, oxidative stress was observed in the embryos treated with glyphosate or Roundup®, increased total superoxide dismutase, and content of malondialdehyde in the liver and intestine; moreover, decrease of glutathione peroxidase in the liver with increased in the intestine compared with the control. Besides, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase was increased in Roundup® group compared with other groups. Moreover, histopathological alterations in the liver and intestine tissues were observed in treated groups. Suppression of hepatic CYP1A2, CYP1A4, CYP1B1, and MDR1 mRNA expression after exposed to Roundup®. Furthermore, inhibition of CYP1A4 in the duodenum, CYP1A4, and MRP2 in the jejunum in embryos exposed to glyphosate or Roundup®. In addition, glyphosate treatment caused an increase of CYP3A5, CYP1C1, and IFNY mRNA expression in the jejunum and CYP1A2 expression in the ileum, while IFN-Y gene increase in embryos treated with Roundup®. In conclusion, in ovo exposure to glyphosate caused histopathological alterations and induced oxidative stress in the liver and small intestines. Moreover, the expression of cytochrome P450, MDR1, and MRP2 transporters was also modulated in the liver and small intestines for chick embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Fathi
- Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Guofeng Han
- Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifen Kang
- Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Shen
- Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakun Shen
- Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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