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Biswas A, Maitra U. Paper-based sensing of phytotoxicant gossypol in aqueous media through turn-on visible-light emitting lanthanide-luminescence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6765-6768. [PMID: 38864347 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Gossypol, a phytotoxicant in cotton-seed oil, has been found to sensitize Tb(III)-luminescence in a supramolecular hydrogel. Based on this observation, a paper-based sensor has been developed to detect gossypol with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.9 nM. This is the first report of water-based detection with the highest sensitivity involving turn-on time-gated luminescence. This method was also able to sense gossypol in commercial crude cotton-seed oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Biswas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India.
| | - Uday Maitra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India.
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Boonyarattanasoonthorn T, Kongratanapasert T, Jiso A, Techapichetvanich P, Nuengchamnong N, Supannapan K, Kijtawornrat A, Khemawoot P. Absolute oral bioavailability and possible metabolic pathway of panduratin A from Boesenbergia rotunda extract in beagle dogs. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:590-597. [PMID: 36994846 PMCID: PMC10064817 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2190777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Attempts are ongoing to develop medications to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Our previous study revealed the in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of fingerroot [Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. (Zingiberaceae)] and its phytochemical, panduratin A. OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacokinetic profiles of panduratin A as a pure compound and in a fingerroot extract formulation in beagle dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 12 healthy dogs were randomly divided into three groups, a single dose of 1 mg/kg panduratin A by intravenous and multiple doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg panduratin A fingerroot extract formulation by oral administration for seven consecutive days. The plasma concentration of panduratin A was determined by LCMS. RESULTS The peak concentrations of a single dose of 5 and 10 mg/kg panduratin A fingerroot extract formulation were 12,416 ± 2,326 and 26,319 ± 8,221 µg/L, respectively. Increasing the oral dose of fingerroot extract formulation, equivalent to panduratin A 5-10 mg/kg, showed dose proportionality, with an approximately 2-fold increase in Cmax and AUC. The absolute oral bioavailability of panduratin A in the fingerroot extract formulation was approximately 7-9%. The majority of panduratin A was biotransformed into several products via oxidation and glucuronidation, and predominantly excreted via the faecal route. CONCLUSION The oral formulation of fingerroot extract was safe in beagle dogs, and increasing dose showed dose proportionality in terms of the systemic exposure of panduratin A. This information will support the phytopharmaceutical product development of fingerroot extract against the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teetat Kongratanapasert
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, Thailand
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apisada Jiso
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, Thailand
| | - Pinnakarn Techapichetvanich
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, Thailand
| | - Nitra Nuengchamnong
- Science Laboratory Centre, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | - Anusak Kijtawornrat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phisit Khemawoot
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, Thailand
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Yu X, Ryadun AA, Pavlov DI, Guselnikova TY, Potapov AS, Fedin VP. Highly Luminescent Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks with Tunable Color for Nanomolar Detection of Iron(III), Ofloxacin and Gossypol and Anti-counterfeiting Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306680. [PMID: 37414736 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Solvothermal reaction of 5,5'-(pyridine-2,6-diylbis(oxy))diisophthalic acid (H4 L) with europium(III) or terbium(III) nitrates in acetonitrile-water (1 : 1) at 120 °C gave rise to isostructural 2D coordination polymers, [Ln(HL)(H2 O)3 ]∞ (NIIC-1-Eu and NIIC-1-Tb), the layers of which are composed by eight-coordinated lanthanide(III) ions interconnected by triply deprotonated ligands HL3- . The layers are packed in the crystal without any specific intermolecular interactions between them, allowing the facile preparation of stable water suspensions, in which NIIC-1-Tb exhibited top-performing sensing properties through luminescence quenching effect with exceptionally low detection limits towards Fe3+ (LOD 8.62 nM), ofloxacin (OFX) antibiotic (LOD 3.91 nM) and cotton phytotoxicant gossypol (LOD 2.27 nM). In addition to low detection limit and high selectivity, NIIC-1-Tb features fast sensing response (within 60-90 seconds), making it superior to other MOF-based sensors for metal cations and organic toxicants. The photoluminescence quantum yield of NIIC-1-Tb was 93 %, one of the highest among lanthanide MOFs. Mixed-metal coordination polymers NIIC-1-Eux Tb1-x demonstrated efficient photoluminescence, the color of which could be modulated by the excitation wavelength and time delay for emission monitoring (within 1 millisecond). Furthermore, an original 2D QR-coding scheme was designed for anti-counterfeiting labeling of goods based on unique and tunable emission spectra of NIIC-1-Ln coordination polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey A Ryadun
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Pavlov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana Y Guselnikova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrei S Potapov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Fedin
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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4
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Yu X, Ryadun AA, Potapov AS, Fedin VP. Ultra-low limit of luminescent detection of gossypol by terbium(III)-based metal-organic framework. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131289. [PMID: 37001211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of gossypol-containing animal feed and cottonseed oil poses a great threat to water quality and livestock and human health, and there is an urgent need for a sensor for the rapid detection of trace amounts of gossypol in aqueous solutions and cottonseed oil. As a result, an unprecedented three-dimensional metal-organic framework sensor based on terbium(III) and a flexible ligand 4-(3,5-dicarboxyphenoxy)isophthalic acid (H4L) was developed. Tb-MOF, {[Tb(H2O)(HL)]·0.5MeCN·0.25 H2O}n, is highly stable in water and polar organic solvents and exhibits terbium-centered luminescence with 44% quantum yield. Suspensions of MOF in water and ethanol demonstrate a luminescence quenching response to cotton phytotoxicant gossypol with an unprecedented low detection limit of 0.76 nM and 1.89 nM, correspondingly, without interference from the components of cottonseed oil and blood plasma, making it suitable for the detection and determination of gossypol in real-life water and oil samples. Significantly, Tb-MOF is the first highly efficient sensor that uses water as a solvent to detect trace amounts of gossypol, and it can visualize and quantify gossypol in edible-grade cottonseed oil as well, which proves its great potential for practical application. In addition, Tb-MOF exhibited a detection limit for Fe3+ (0.23 μM) among the lowest reported for lanthanide-based MOFs in aqueous solutions so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yu
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey A Ryadun
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrei S Potapov
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Fedin
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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5
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Ma L, Zeng W, Tan Z, Wang R, Yang Y, Lin S, Li F, Wang S. Activated Hepatic Nuclear Factor-κB in Experimental Colitis Regulates CYP2A5 and Metronidazole Disposition. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1222-1229. [PMID: 36583631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Systemic exposure of metronidazole is increased in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), while the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we aim to decipher the mechanisms by which experimental colitis regulates metronidazole disposition in mice. We first confirmed that the systemic exposure of metronidazole was elevated in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. Hepatic microsomal incubation with metronidazole revealed that the production rate of 2-hydroxymetronidazole was inhibited, suggestive of a diminished hydroxylation reaction upon colitis. Remarkably, the hydroxylation reaction of metronidazole was selectively catalyzed by CYP2A5, which was downregulated in the liver of colitis mice. In addition, hepatic nuclear factor (NF)-κB (a prototypical and critical signaling pathway in inflammation) was activated in colitis mice. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicated that NF-κB downregulated Cyp2a5 transcription through binding to an NF-κB binding site (-1711 to -1720 bp) in the promoter. We further verified that the regulatory effects of colitis on CYP2A5 depended on the disease itself rather than the DSS compound. First, one-day administration of DSS did not alter mRNA and protein levels of CYP2A5. Moreover, CYP2A5 was suppressed in the Il-10-/- spontaneously developing colitis model. Furthermore, Cyp2a5 expression was downregulated in both groups of mice with modest or severe colitis, whereas the expression change was much more significant in severe colitis as compared to modest colitis. Altogether, activated hepatic NF-κB in experimental colitis regulates CYP2A5 and metronidazole disposition, revealing the mechanism of pharmacokinetic instability under IBDs, and providing a theoretical foundation for rational drug use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Ma
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wanying Zeng
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiyi Tan
- Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Rui Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shubin Lin
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng Li
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Systematic Review of Gossypol/AT-101 in Cancer Clinical Trials. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020144. [PMID: 35215257 PMCID: PMC8879263 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of gossypol and of its R-(−)-enantiomer (R-(−)-gossypol acetic acid, AT-101), has been evaluated for treatment of cancer as an independent agent and in combination with standard chemo-radiation-therapies, respectively. This review assesses the evidence for safety and clinical effectiveness of oral gossypol/AT-101 in treating various types of cancer. The databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov were examined. Phase I and II trials as well as single arm and randomized trials were included in this review. Results were screened to determine if they met inclusion criteria and then summarized using a narrative approach. A total of 17 trials involving 759 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall, orally applied gossypol/AT-101 at low doses (30 mg daily or lower) was determined as well tolerable either as monotherapy or in combination with chemo-radiation. Adverse events should be strictly monitored and were successfully managed by dose-reduction or treating symptoms. There are four randomized trials, two performed in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, one in subjects with head and neck cancer, and one in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Thereby, standard chemotherapy (either docetaxel (two trials) or docetaxel plus cisplatin or docetaxel plus prednisone) was tested with and without AT-101. Within these trials, a potential benefit was observed in high-risk patients or in some patients with prolongation in progression-free survival or in overall survival. Strikingly, the most recent clinical trial combined low dose AT-101 with docetaxel, fluorouracil, and radiation, achieving complete responses in 11 of 13 patients with gastroesophageal carcinoma (median duration of 12 months) and a median progression-free survival of 52 months. The promising results shown in subsets of patients supports the need of further specification of AT-101 sensitive cancers as well as for the establishment of effective AT-101-based therapy. In addition, the lowest recommended dose of gossypol and its precise toxicity profile need to be confirmed in further studies. Randomized placebo-controlled trials should be performed to validate these data in large cohorts.
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Gampe C, Verma VA. Curse or Cure? A Perspective on the Developability of Aldehydes as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14357-14381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gampe
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, 94080 California, United States
| | - Vishal A. Verma
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, 94080 California, United States
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8
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Xu H, Chen M, Yu F, Zhang T, Wu B. Circadian Clock Component Rev-erb α Regulates Diurnal Rhythm of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1a9 and Drug Glucuronidation in Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:681-689. [PMID: 32527940 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are a family of phase II enzymes that play an important role in metabolism and elimination of numerous endo- and xenobiotics. Here, we aimed to characterize diurnal rhythm of Ugt1a9 in mouse liver and to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the rhythmicity. Hepatic Ugt1a9 mRNA and protein displayed robust diurnal rhythms in wild-type mice with peak levels at zeitgeber time (ZT) 6. Rhythmicity in Ugt1a9 expression was confirmed using synchronized Hepa-1c1c7 cells. We observed time-varying glucuronidation (ZT6 > ZT18) of propofol, a specific Ugt1a9 substrate, consistent with the diurnal pattern of Ugt1a9 protein. Loss of Rev-erbα (a circadian clock component) downregulated the Ugt1a9 expression and blunted its rhythm in mouse liver. Accordingly, propofol glucuronidation was reduced and its dosing time dependency was lost in Rev-erbα -/- mice. Dec2 (a transcription factor) was screened to be the potential intermediate that mediated Rev-erbα regulation of Ugt1a9. We confirmed Rev-erbα as a negative regulator of Dec2 in mice and in Hepa-1c1c7 cells. Based on promoter analysis and luciferase reporter assays, it was found that Dec2 trans-repressed Ugt1a9 via direct binding to an E-box-like motif in the gene promoter. Additionally, regulation of Ugt1a9 by Rev-erbα was Dec2-dependent. In conclusion, Rev-erbα generates and regulates rhythmic Ugt1a9 through periodical inhibition of Dec2, a transcriptional repressor of Ugt1a9. Our study may have implications for understanding of circadian clock-controlled drug metabolism and of metabolism-based chronotherapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Hepatic Ugt1a9 displays diurnal rhythmicities in expression and glucuronidation activity in mice. It is uncovered that Rev-erbα generates and regulates rhythmic Ugt1a9 through periodical inhibition of Dec2, a transcriptional repressor of Ugt1a9. The findings may have implications for understanding of circadian clock-controlled drug metabolism and of metabolism-based chronotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiman Xu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics (H.X., M.C., F.Y., T.Z., B.W.) and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) (B.W.), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics (H.X., M.C., F.Y., T.Z., B.W.) and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) (B.W.), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjun Yu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics (H.X., M.C., F.Y., T.Z., B.W.) and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) (B.W.), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics (H.X., M.C., F.Y., T.Z., B.W.) and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) (B.W.), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics (H.X., M.C., F.Y., T.Z., B.W.) and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) (B.W.), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao M, Zhao H, Deng J, Guo L, Wu B. Role of the CLOCK protein in liver detoxification. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4639-4652. [PMID: 31404943 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Whether and how circadian clock proteins regulate drug detoxification are not known. Here, we have assessed the effects of CLOCK (a core circadian clock protein) on drug metabolism and detoxification. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Regulation by CLOCK protein of drug-metabolizing enzymes was assessed using Clock knockout (Clock-/- ) mice and Hepa-1c1c7/AML-12 cells. The relative mRNA and protein levels were determined by qPCR and Western blotting respectively. Toxicity and pharmacokinetic experiments were performed with Clock-/- and wild-type mice after intraperitoneal injection of coumarin or cyclophosphamide. Transcriptional gene regulation was investigated using luciferase reporter, mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. KEY RESULTS Clock deletion disrupted hepatic diurnal expressions of a number of drug-metabolizing enzymes in mice. In particular, CYP2A4/5 expressions were markedly down-regulated, whereas CYP2B10 was up-regulated. Positive regulation of Cyp2a4/5 and negative regulation of Cyp2b10 by CLOCK were confirmed in Hepa-1c1c7 and AML-12 cells. Based on a combination of luciferase reporter, mobility shift, and ChIP assays, we found that CLOCK activated Cyp2a4/5 transcription via specific binding to E-box elements in promoter region and repressed Cyp2b10 transcription through REV-ERBα/β (two target genes of CLOCK and transcriptional repressors of Cyp2b10). Furthermore, Clock ablation sensitized mice to coumarin toxicity by down-regulating CYP2A4/5-mediated metabolism (a detoxification pathway) and to cyclophosphamide toxicity by up-regulating CYP2B10-mediated metabolism (generating the toxic metabolite 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS CLOCK protein regulates metabolism by the cytochrome P450 family and drug detoxification. The findings improve our understanding of the crosstalk between circadian clock and drug detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Zhao
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangming Deng
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianxia Guo
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Stein MN, Goodin S, Gounder M, Gibbon D, Moss R, Portal D, Lindquist D, Zhao Y, Takebe N, Tan A, Aisner J, Lin H, Ready N, Mehnert JM. A phase I study of AT-101, a BH3 mimetic, in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:855-865. [PMID: 31388792 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background AT-101 is a BH3 mimetic that inhibits the heterodimerization of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-W, and Mcl-1 with pro-apoptotic proteins, thereby lowering the threshold for apoptosis. This phase I trial investigated the MTD of AT-101 in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods Patients were treated with AT-101 (40 mg) every 12 h on days 1, 2 and 3 of each cycle combined with varying dose levels (DL) of paclitaxel and carboplatin [DL1: paclitaxel (150 mg/m2) and carboplatin (AUC 5) on day 1 of each cycle; DL2: paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) and carboplatin (AUC 6) on day 1 of each cycle]. Secondary objectives included characterizing toxicity, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the combination. Results Twenty-four patients were treated across two DLs with a planned expansion cohort. The most common tumor type was prostate (N = 11). Two patients experienced DLTs: grade 3 abdominal pain at DL1 and grade 3 ALT increase at DL2; however, the MTD was not determined. Moderate hematologic toxicity was observed. One CR was seen in a patient with esophageal cancer and 4 patients achieved PRs (1 NSCLC, 3 prostate). PD studies did not yield statistically significant decreases in Bcl-2 and caspase 3 protein levels, or increased apoptotic activity induced by AT-101. Conclusion The combination of AT-101 at 40 mg every 12 h on days 1, 2 and 3 combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin was safe and tolerable. Based on the modest clinical efficacy seen in this trial, this combination will not be further investigated. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT00891072, CTEP#: 8016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N Stein
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA. .,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA. .,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, 177 Fort Washington Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Susan Goodin
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Murugeson Gounder
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Darlene Gibbon
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Rebecca Moss
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Daniella Portal
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Diana Lindquist
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antoinette Tan
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Joseph Aisner
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Hongxia Lin
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Neal Ready
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Janice M Mehnert
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA. .,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA. .,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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11
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Chen C, Zhang Y, Pi W, Yang W, Nie C, Liang J, Ma X, Zhang WJ. Optimization of the process parameters for reduction of gossypol levels in cottonseed meal by functional recombinant NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and cytochrome P450 CYP9A12 of Helicoverpa armigera. AMB Express 2019; 9:98. [PMID: 31278483 PMCID: PMC6611853 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gossypol is a toxic polyphenolic product that is derived from cotton plants. The toxicity of gossypol has limited the utilization of cottonseed meal (CSM) in the feed industry. The gene, Helicoverpa armigera CYP9A12, is a gossypol-inducible cytochrome P450 gene. The objective of our study was to obtain the functional recombinant H. armigera CYP9A12 enzyme in Pichia pastoris and to verify whether this candidate enzyme could decrease gossypol in vitro. Free and total gossypol contents were detected in the enzyme solution and in CSM. The H. armigera CYP9A12 enzyme degraded free concentration of gossypol. After optimization of the single-test and response surface method, free gossypol content could be decreased to 40.91 mg/kg in CSM by the H. armigera CYP9A12 enzyme when the initial temperature was 35 °C, the enzymatic hydrolysis time lasted 2.5 h, the enzyme addition was 2.5 mL, and the substrate moisture was 39%.
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12
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Investigating Stability and Tautomerization of Gossypol-A Spectroscopy Study. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071286. [PMID: 30987000 PMCID: PMC6479638 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability of gossypol was investigated by the spectroscopic method. Gossypol was dissolved in three different solvents (CHCl3, DMSO, and CH3OH) under different storage conditions (dark and with nitrogen protection, natural light and with nitrogen protection, ambient air conditions) for different time intervals (0 days, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, 15 days, 30 days, and 45 days) at room temperature. Then, the stability of gossypol was investigated by 1H NMR, UV-vis, and HPLC-QTOF-MS spectrometry. Results showed that gossypol existed in aldehyde–aldehyde form in chloroform within five days. Then, both aldehyde–aldehyde and lactol–lactol tautomeric forms existed and maintained a stable solution for 45 days. Gossypol dissolved in methanol mainly existed in aldehyde–aldehyde form. Only a tiny amount of lactol–lactol was found in freshly prepared methanol solution. Gossypol was found to only exist in lactol–lactol form between 30–45 days. Gossypol existed in aldehyde–aldehyde, lactol–lactol, and ketol–ketol forms in dimethyl sulfoxide, and there was a competitive relationship between aldehyde–aldehyde and lactol–lactol form during the 45 days. Among all the solvents and conditions studied, gossypol was found to be highly stable in chloroform. Under the tested conditions, the natural light and atmospheric oxygen had little effect on its stability. Although the spectroscopy data seemed to be changed over time in the three different solvents, it was actually due to the tautomeric transformation rather than molecular decomposition.
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13
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Chen C, Pi W, Zhang Y, Nie CX, Liang J, Ma X, Wang Y, Ge W, Zhang WJ. Effect of a functional recombinant cytochrome P450 enzyme of Helicoverpa armigera on gossypol metabolism co-expressed with NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in Pichia pastoris. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 155:15-25. [PMID: 30857623 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gossypol is a polyphonic toxic compound that is present in cotton plants. The P450 cytochromes CYP6AE14 and CYP9A12 of Helicoverpa armigera are highly induced by gossypol and have been reported to be possibly involved in gossypol degradation. To determine whether the candidate H. armigera CYP6AE14 and CYP9A12 enzymes could metabolize gossypol in vitro, functional recombinant H. armigera CYP6AE14 and CPR (CYP9A12 and CPR) enzymes were successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris). UPLC-QTOF/MS demonstrated the following results: (1) Free gossypol was spontaneously degraded to the gossypol metabolites G1 (m/z 265) and G2 (m/z 293) without the addition of any enzyme. (2) Free gossypol was observed following the addition of the endogenous or recombinant H. armigera P450 cytochrome CYP6AE14/CYP9A12 enzyme: in the first pathway, free gossypol was dehydroxylated and decarboxylated to G3 (m/z 453), and in the second pathway, the aldehyde group of gossypol and its metabolite were covalently bound with the amine products to form G4 (m/z 437) and G5 (m/z 783). (3) In addition to the gossypol binding pathways, the recombinant H. armigera CPR and CYP9A12 enzymes was found that could further decarboxylate the gossypol intermediate demethylated reduction of gossypolonic acid (m/z 294) and demethylated gossic acid (m/z 265) to G0 (m/z 209) and G0' (m/z 249) respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenhui Pi
- State Key Laboratory for Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, 832000 Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cun-Xi Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xi Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenxia Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wen-Ju Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China.
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14
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QIAN H, YU FJ, LU DY, WU BJ, ZHANG XW, WANG H, MA ZG. Identification of poliumoside metabolites in rat plasma, urine, bile, and intestinal bacteria with UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:871-880. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Thakare R, Alamoudi JA, Gautam N, Rodrigues AD, Alnouti Y. Species differences in bile acids II. Bile acid metabolism. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1336-1352. [PMID: 29845631 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) involves alterations in bile acid (BA) homeostasis and elimination, which encompass several metabolic pathways including hydroxylation, amidation, sulfation, glucuronidation and glutathione conjugation. Species differences in BA metabolism may play a major role in the failure of currently used in vitro and in vivo models to predict reliably the DILI during the early stages of drug discovery and development. We developed an in vitro cofactor-fortified liver S9 fraction model to compare the metabolic profiles of the four major BAs (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid) between humans and several animal species. High- and low-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging were used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of BAs and their metabolites. Major species differences were found in the metabolism of BAs. Sulfation into 3-O-sulfates was a major pathway in human and chimpanzee (4.8%-52%) and it was a minor pathway in all other species (0.02%-14%). Amidation was primarily with glycine (62%-95%) in minipig and rabbit and it was primarily with taurine (43%-81%) in human, chimpanzee, dog, hamster, rat and mice. Hydroxylation was highest (13%-80%) in rat and mice followed by hamster, while it was lowest (1.6%-22%) in human, chimpanzee and minipig. C6-β hydroxylation was predominant (65%-95%) in rat and mice, while it was at C6-α position in minipig (36%-97%). Glucuronidation was highest in dog (10%-56%), while it was a minor pathway in all other species (<12%). The relative contribution of the various pathways involved in BA metabolism in vitro were in agreement with the observed plasma and urinary BA profiles in vivo and were able to predict and quantify the species differences in BA metabolism. In general, overall, BA metabolism in chimpanzee is most similar to human, while BA metabolism in rats and mice is most dissimilar from human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhishikesh Thakare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jawaher Abdullah Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - A David Rodrigues
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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16
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Wen N, Dong Y, Song R, Zhang W, Sun C, Zhuang X, Guan Y, Meng Q, Zhang Y. Zero-Order Release of Gossypol Improves Its Antifertility Effect and Reduces Its Side Effects Simultaneously. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1918-1925. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yansheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Rui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ying Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qingbin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
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17
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Wang F, Miao MX, Sun BB, Wang ZJ, Tang XG, Chen Y, Zhao KJ, Liu XD, Liu L. Acute liver failure enhances oral plasma exposure of zidovudine in rats by downregulation of hepatic UGT2B7 and intestinal P-gp. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1554-1565. [PMID: 28770824 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is often associated with liver failure, which alters the pharmacokinetics of many drugs. In this study we investigated whether acute liver failure (ALF) altered the pharmacokinetics of the first-line anti-HIV agent zidovudine (AZT), a P-gp/BCRP substrate, in rats. ALF was induced in rats by injecting thioacetamide (TAA, 300 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip) for 2 days. On the second day after the last injection of TAA, the pharmacokinetics of AZT was investigated following both oral (20 mg/kg) and intravenous (10 mg/kg) administration. ALF significantly increased the plasma concentrations of AZT after both oral and intravenous doses of AZT, but without affecting the urinary excretion of AZT. AZT metabolism was studied in rat hepatic microsomes in vitro, which revealed that hepatic UGT2B7 was the main enzyme responsible for the formation of AZT O-glucuronide (GAZT); ALF markedly impaired AZT metabolism in hepatic microsomes, which was associated with the significantly decreased hepatic UGT2B7 expression. Intestinal absorption of AZT was further studied in rats via in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion. Intestinal P-gp function and intestinal integrity were assessed with rhodamine 123 and FD-70, respectively. We found that ALF significantly downregulated intestinal P-gp expression, and had a smaller effect on intestinal BCRP. Further studies showed that ALF significantly increased the intestinal absorption of both rhodamine 123 and AZT without altering intestinal integrity, thus confirming an impairment of intestinal P-gp function. In conclusion, ALF significantly increases the oral plasma exposure of AZT in rats, a result partly attributed to the impaired function and expression of hepatic UGT2B7 and intestinal P-gp.
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18
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Zhang B, Chen X, Zhang R, Zheng F, Du S, Zhang X. Metabolite Profiling, Pharmacokinetics, and In Vitro Glucuronidation of Icaritin in Rats by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:1073607. [PMID: 28785509 PMCID: PMC5529662 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1073607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Icaritin is a naturally bioactive flavonoid with several significant effects. This study aimed to clarify the metabolite profiling, pharmacokinetics, and glucuronidation of icaritin in rats. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) assay was developed and validated for qualitative and quantitative analysis of icaritin. Glucuronidation rates were determined by incubating icaritin with uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid- (UDPGA-) supplemented microsomes. Kinetic parameters were derived by appropriate model fitting. A total of 30 metabolites were identified or tentatively characterized in rat biosamples based on retention times and characteristic fragmentations, following proposed metabolic pathway which was summarized. Additionally, the pharmacokinetics parameters were investigated after oral administration of icaritin. Moreover, icaritin glucuronidation in rat liver microsomes was efficient with CLint (the intrinsic clearance) values of 1.12 and 1.56 mL/min/mg for icaritin-3-O-glucuronide and icaritin-7-O-glucuronide, respectively. Similarly, the CLint values of icaritin-3-O-glucuronide and icaritin-7-O-glucuronide in rat intestine microsomes (RIM) were 1.45 and 0.86 mL/min/mg, respectively. Taken altogether, dehydrogenation at isopentenyl group and glycosylation and glucuronidation at the aglycone were main biotransformation process in vivo. The general tendency was that icaritin was transformed to glucuronide conjugates to be excreted from rat organism. In conclusion, these results would improve our understanding of metabolic fate of icaritin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Fangfang Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Shuzhang Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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19
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Dong D, Quan E, Yuan X, Xie Q, Li Z, Wu B. Sodium Oleate-Based Nanoemulsion Enhances Oral Absorption of Chrysin through Inhibition of UGT-Mediated Metabolism. Mol Pharm 2016; 14:2864-2874. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dong
- International
Ocular Surface Research Center and Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enxi Quan
- Division
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- Division
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Xie
- Division
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- International
Ocular Surface Research Center and Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Division
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Zeng X, Shi J, Zhao M, Chen Q, Wang L, Jiang H, Luo F, Zhu L, Lu L, Wang X, Liu Z. Regioselective Glucuronidation of Diosmetin and Chrysoeriol by the Interplay of Glucuronidation and Transport in UGT1A9-Overexpressing HeLa Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166239. [PMID: 27832172 PMCID: PMC5104480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the reaction kinetics of the regioselective glucuronidation of diosmetin and chrysoeriol, two important methylated metabolites of luteolin, by human liver microsomes (HLMs) and uridine-5′-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGTs) enzymes. This study also investigated the effects of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) on the efflux of diosmetin and chrysoeriol glucuronides in HeLa cells overexpressing UGT1A9 (HeLa—UGT1A9). After incubation with HLMs in the presence of UDP-glucuronic acid, diosmetin and chrysoeriol gained two glucuronides each, and the OH—in each B ring of diosmetin and chrysoeriol was the preferable site for glucuronidation. Screening assays with 12 human expressed UGT enzymes and chemical-inhibition assays demonstrated that glucuronide formation was almost exclusively catalyzed by UGT1A1, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9. Importantly, in HeLa—UGT1A9, Ko143 significantly inhibited the efflux of diosmetin and chrysoeriol glucuronides and increased their intracellular levels in a dose-dependent manner. This observation suggested that BCRP-mediated excretion was the predominant pathway for diosmetin and chrysoeriol disposition. In conclusion, UGT1A1, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9 were the chief contributors to the regioselective glucuronidation of diosmetin and chrysoeriol in the liver. Moreover, cellular glucuronidation was significantly altered by inhibiting BCRP, revealing a notable interplay between glucuronidation and efflux transport. Diosmetin and chrysoeriol possibly have different effects on anti-cancer due to the difference of UGT isoforms in different cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Hospital Affiliated to Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jian Shi
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Min Zhao
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, First Hospital Affiliated to Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Liping Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Huangyu Jiang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Linlin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xinchun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Hospital Affiliated to Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832002, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
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21
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Krempl C, Heidel-Fischer HM, Jiménez-Alemán GH, Reichelt M, Menezes RC, Boland W, Vogel H, Heckel DG, Joußen N. Gossypol toxicity and detoxification in Helicoverpa armigera and Heliothis virescens. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 78:69-77. [PMID: 27687846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gossypol is a polyphenolic secondary metabolite produced by cotton plants, which is toxic to many organisms. Gossypol's aldehyde groups are especially reactive, forming Schiff bases with amino acids of proteins and cross-linking them, inhibiting enzyme activities and contributing to toxicity. Very little is known about gossypol's mode of action and its detoxification in cotton-feeding insects that can tolerate certain concentrations of this compound. Here, we tested the toxicity of gossypol and a gossypol derivative lacking free aldehyde groups (SB-gossypol) toward Helicoverpa armigera and Heliothis virescens, two important pests on cotton plants. Larval feeding studies with these two species on artificial diet supplemented with gossypol or SB-gossypol revealed no detectable toxicity of gossypol, when the aldehyde groups were absent. A cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP6AE14, is upregulated in H. armigera feeding on gossypol, and has been claimed to directly detoxify gossypol. However, using in vitro assays with heterologously expressed CYP6AE14, no metabolites of gossypol were detected, and further studies suggest that gossypol is not a direct substrate of CYP6AE14. Furthermore, larvae feeding on many other plant toxins also upregulate CYP6AE14. Our data demonstrate that the aldehyde groups are critical for the toxicity of gossypol when ingested by H. armigera and H. virescens larvae, and suggest that CYP6AE14 is not directly involved in gossypol metabolism, but may play a role in the general stress response of H. armigera larvae toward plant toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Krempl
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Hanna M Heidel-Fischer
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Guillermo Hugo Jiménez-Alemán
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Riya Christina Menezes
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - David G Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Nicole Joußen
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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22
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Dong D, Zhang T, Lu D, Liu J, Wu B. In vitro characterization of belinostat glucuronidation: demonstration of both UGT1A1 and UGT2B7 as the main contributing isozymes. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:277-283. [PMID: 27180825 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1183061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. Belinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. This study aimed to identify the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes responsible for belinostat glucuronidation through kinetic determination using recombinant enzymes with determined enzyme concentrations. 2. The rate of glucuronidation was determined by incubation of belinostat with enzyme preparations. Kinetic parameters such as Km and Vmax were derived by fitting an appropriate model to the glucuronidation data. The role of active UGT enzymes to belinostat metabolism was evaluated using inhibition experiments and activity correlation analyses. 3. Human liver microsomes generated a glucuronide metabolite (i.e. belinostat glucuronide) from belinostat. The glucuronide structure was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry as well as the fragmentation pattern. Of 12 test UGT enzymes, only four (UGT1A1, 1A3, 2B4, and 2B7) showed metabolic activities toward belinostat. UGT1A1 was the most active enzyme, followed by UGT2B7, 1A3, and 2B4. Kinetic profiles for UGT1A1, 1A3, 2B4, and 2B7 were well described by Michaelis-Menten, Michaelis-Menten, Hill equation, and substrate inhibition equation, respectively. 4. Glucuronidation of belinostat was markedly inhibited by emodin and apigenin (two potent inhibitors of UGT1A1), and by quinidine and diclofenac sodium (two selective inhibitors of UGT2B7). Belinostat glucuronidation was found to be significantly correlated with β-estradiol 3-O-glucuronidation and zidovudine glucuronidation. 5. It was concluded that in addition to UGT1A1, UGT2B7 was also an important contributor to belinostat glucuronidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dong
- a Ocular Surface Research Center and Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University School of Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- b Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China , and
| | - Danyi Lu
- b Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China , and
| | - Jie Liu
- c Department of Pharmacy , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Baojian Wu
- b Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China , and
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Krempl C, Sporer T, Reichelt M, Ahn SJ, Heidel-Fischer H, Vogel H, Heckel DG, Joußen N. Potential detoxification of gossypol by UDP-glycosyltransferases in the two Heliothine moth species Helicoverpa armigera and Heliothis virescens. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 71:49-57. [PMID: 26873292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera and the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens are closely related generalist insect herbivores and serious pest species on a number of economically important crop plants including cotton. Even though cotton is well defended by its major defensive compound gossypol, a toxic sesquiterpene dimer, larvae of both species are capable of developing on cotton plants. In spite of severe damage larvae cause on cotton plants, little is known about gossypol detoxification mechanisms in cotton-feeding insects. Here, we detected three monoglycosylated and up to five diglycosylated gossypol isomers in the feces of H. armigera and H. virescens larvae fed on gossypol-supplemented diet. Candidate UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes of H. armigera were selected by microarray studies and in silico analyses and were functionally expressed in insect cells. In enzymatic assays, we show that UGT41B3 and UGT40D1 are capable of glycosylating gossypol mainly to the diglycosylated gossypol isomer 5 that is characteristic for H. armigera and is absent in H. virescens feces. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that gossypol is partially metabolized by UGTs via glycosylation, which might be a crucial step in gossypol detoxification in generalist herbivores utilizing cotton as host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Krempl
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Theresa Sporer
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Seung-Joon Ahn
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Hanna Heidel-Fischer
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - David G Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Nicole Joußen
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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Zhang X, Zhang T, Lan Y, Wu B, Shi Z. Nanosuspensions Containing Oridonin/HP-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Oral Bioavailability Enhancement via Improved Dissolution and Permeability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:400-8. [PMID: 26187778 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy via oral route of anticancer drugs offers much convenience and compliance to patients. However, oral chemotherapy has been challenged by limited absorption due to poor drug solubility and intestinal efflux. In this study, we aimed to develop a nanosuspension formulation of oridonin (Odn) using its cyclodextrin inclusion complexes to enhance oral bioavailability. Nanosuspensions containing Odn/2 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (Odn-CICs) were prepared by a solvent evaporation followed by wet media milling technique. The nanosuspensions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dissolution. The resulting nanosuspensions were approximately 313.8 nm in particle size and presented a microcrystal morphology. Nanosuspensions loading Odn-CICs dramatically enhanced the dissolution of Odn. Further, the intestinal effective permeability of Odn was markedly enhanced in the presence of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and poloxamer. Bioavailability studies showed that nanosuspensions with Odn-CICs can significantly promote the oral absorption of Odn with a relative bioavailability of 213.99% (Odn suspensions as reference). Odn itself possesses a moderate permeability and marginal intestinal metabolism. Thus, the enhanced bioavailability for Odn-CIC nanosuspensions can be attributed to improved dissolution and permeability by interaction with absorptive epithelia and anti-drug efflux. Nanosuspensions prepared from inclusion complexes may be a promising approach for the oral delivery of anticancer agents.
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Glucose-Based Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres as Functional Carriers for Oral Delivery of Amphiphobic Raloxifene: Insights into the Bioavailability Enhancement and Lymphatic Transport. Pharm Res 2015; 33:792-803. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sun H, Zhou X, Zhang X, Wu B. Decreased Expression of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) Leads to Reduced Glucuronidation of Flavonoids in UGT1A1-Overexpressing HeLa Cells: The Role of Futile Recycling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6001-6008. [PMID: 26066637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the role of futile recycling (or deglucuronidation) in the disposition of two flavonoids (i.e., genistein and apigenin) was explored using UGT1A1-overexpressing HeLa cells (or HeLa1A1 cells). Glucuronidation of the flavonoids by HeLa1A1 cell lysate followed the substrate inhibition kinetics (Vmax = 0.10 nmol/min/mg, Km = 0.54 μM, and Ksi = 2.0 μM for genistein; Vmax = 0.19 nmol/min/mg, Km = 0.56 μM, and Ksi = 3.7 μM for apigenin). Glucuronide was efficiently generated and excreted after incubation of the cells with the aglycone (at doses of 1.25-20 nmol). The excretion rates were 0.40-0.69 and 0.84-1.1 nmol/min/mg protein for genistein glucuronide (GG) and apigenin glucuronide (AG), respectively. Furthermore, glucuronide excretion and total glucuronidation were significantly reduced in MRP4 knocked-down as compared to control cells. The alterations were well characterized by a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model incorporating the process of futile recycling (defined by a first-order rate constant, Kde). The derived Kde values were 15 and 25 h(-1) for GG and AG, respectively. This was well consistent with the in vitro observation that AG was subjected to more efficient futile recycling compared to GG. In conclusion, futile recycling was involved in cellular glucuronidation, accounting for transporter-dependent glucuronidation of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sun
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhou
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Sun H, Ma Z, Lu D, Wu B. Regio- and Isoform-Specific Glucuronidation of Psoralidin: Evaluation of 3- O -Glucuronidation as a Functional Marker for UGT1A9. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2369-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sun H, Zhou X, Wu B. Accurate identification of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) inhibitors using UGT1A1-overexpressing HeLa cells. Xenobiotica 2015; 45:945-53. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1033502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lu D, Ma Z, Zhang T, Zhang X, Wu B. Metabolism of the anthelmintic drug niclosamide by cytochrome P450 enzymes and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolite elucidation and main contributions from CYP1A2 and UGT1A1. Xenobiotica 2015; 46:1-13. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1047812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wu Z, Liu H, Wu B. Regioselective glucuronidation of gingerols by human liver microsomes and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: reaction kinetics and activity correlation analyses for UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:583-96. [PMID: 25496264 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the reaction kinetics for regioselective glucuronidation of gingerols (i.e. 6-, 8- and 10-gingerol) by human liver microsomes and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, and to identify the main UGT enzymes involved in regioselective glucuronidation of gingerols. METHODS The rates of glucuronidation were determined by incubating the gingerols with uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid-supplemented microsomes. Kinetic parameters were derived by fitting an appropriate model to the data. Activity correlation analyses were performed to identify the main UGT enzymes contributing to hepatic metabolism of gingerols. KEY FINDINGS Glucuronidation at the 4'-OH group was much more favoured than that at 5-OH. The degree of position preference was compound-dependent; the catalytic efficiency ratios of 4'-O- to 5-O-glucuronidation were 9.1, 19.7 and 2.9 for 6-, 8- and 10-gingerol, respectively. UGT1A8 (an intestinal enzyme), UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 were the enzymes showing the highest activity towards gingerols. Formation of 5-O-glucuronide was mainly catalysed by UGT1A9. UGT2B7 was the only enzyme that generated glucuronides at both 4'-OH and 5-OH sites, although a strong position preference was observed with 4'-OH (≥80.2%). Further, activity correlation analyses indicated that UGT2B7 and UGT1A9 were primarily responsible for 4'-O-glucuronidation and 5-O-glucuronidation of gingerols in the liver, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Gingerols were metabolized by multiple hepatic and gastrointestinal UGT enzymes. Also, UGT1A9 and 2B7 were the main contributors to regioselective glucuronidation of gingerols in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhufeng Wu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Dong D, Wang X, Wang H, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wu B. Elucidating the in vivo fate of nanocrystals using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model: a case study with the anticancer agent SNX-2112. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:2521-35. [PMID: 25848269 PMCID: PMC4386773 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s79734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction SNX-2112 is a promising anticancer agent but has poor solubility in both water and oil. In the study reported here, we aimed to develop a nanocrystal formulation for SNX-2112 and to determine the pharmacokinetic behaviors of the prepared nanocrystals. Methods Nanocrystals of SNX-2112 were prepared using the wet-media milling technique and characterized by particle size, differential scanning calorimetry, drug release, etc. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was undertaken to evaluate the drug’s disposition in rats following administration of drug cosolvent or nanocrystals. Results The optimized SNX-2112 nanocrystals (with poloxamer 188 as the stabilizer) were 203 nm in size with a zeta potential of −11.6 mV. In addition, the nanocrystals showed a comparable release profile to the control (drug cosolvent). Further, the rat PBPK model incorporating the parameters of particulate uptake (into the liver and spleen) and of in vivo drug release was well fitted to the experimental data following administration of the drug nanocrystals. The results reveal that the nanocrystals rapidly released drug molecules in vivo, accounting for their cosolvent-like pharmacokinetic behaviors. Due to particulate uptake, drug accumulation in the liver and spleen was significant at the initial time points (within 1 hour). Conclusion The nanocrystals should be a good choice for the systemic delivery of the poorly soluble drug SNX-2112. Also, our study contributes to an improved understanding of the in vivo fate of nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dong
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huailing Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Zhang X, Dong D, Wang H, Ma Z, Wang Y, Wu B. Stable knock-down of efflux transporters leads to reduced glucuronidation in UGT1A1-overexpressing HeLa cells: the evidence for glucuronidation-transport interplay. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1268-78. [PMID: 25741749 DOI: 10.1021/mp5008019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Efflux of glucuronide is facilitated by the membrane transporters including BCRP and MRPs. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of transporter expression on glucuronide efflux and cellular glucuronidation. Single efflux transporter (i.e., BCRP, MRP1, MRP3, or MRP4) was stably knocked-down in UGT1A1-overexpressing HeLa cells. Knock-down of transporters was performed by stable transfection of short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) using lentiviral vectors. Glucuronidation and glucuronide transport in the cells were characterized using three different aglycones (i.e., genistein, apigenin, and emodin) with distinct metabolic activities. BCRP knock-down resulted in significant reductions in excretion of glucuronides (42.9% for genistein glucuronide (GG), 21.1% for apigenin glucuronide (AG) , and 33.7% for emodin glucuronide (EG); p < 0.01) and in cellular glucuronidation (38.3% for genistein, 38.6% for apigenin, and 34.7% for emodin; p < 0.01). Knock-down of a MRP transporter led to substantial decreases in excretion of GG (32.3% for MRP1, 36.7% for MRP3, and 36.6% for MRP4; p < 0.01) and AG (59.3% for MRP1, 24.7% for MRP3, and 34.1% for MRP4; p < 0.01). Also, cellular glucuronidation of genistein (38.3% for MRP1, 32.3% for MRP3, and 31.1% for MRP4; p < 0.01) and apigenin (40.6% for MRP1, 32.4% for MRP3, and 34.6% for MRP4; p < 0.001) was markedly suppressed. By contrast, silencing of MRPs did not cause any changes in either excretion of EG or cellular glucuronidation of emodin. In conclusion, cellular glucuronidation was significantly altered by decreasing expression of efflux transporters, revealing a strong interplay of glucuronidation with efflux transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Zhang
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, and ‡Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | | | - Huailing Wang
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, and ‡Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhiguo Ma
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, and ‡Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | | | - Baojian Wu
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, and ‡Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liu H, Cai S, Wu B. Mixed nanomicelles as potential carriers for systemic delivery of Z-GP-Dox, an FAPα-based doxorubicin prodrug: formulation and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1625-36. [PMID: 25759584 PMCID: PMC4346364 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s75954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Z-GP-Dox, the FAPα (fibroblast activation protein-α)-based doxorubicin prodrug, demonstrates excellent tumor targeting effects and a favorable toxicokinetic profile. However, the insoluble nature of Z-GP-Dox becomes a significant barrier to drug administration, particularly when it comes to the clinical stage. Here we developed a nanomicelle system to facilitate the systemic delivery of Z-GP-Dox, and evaluated its disposition in rats following administration of the micelles using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model. Z-GP-Dox-loaded mixed nanomicelles (ZGD-MNs) were prepared by dispersion of an ethanol solution of Z-GP-Dox, lecithin, and sodium oleate in water. The obtained ZGD-MNs were 86.6 nm in size with a drug loading of 14.03%. ZGD-MNs were fairly stable in phosphate-buffered saline and showed satisfactory physical and chemical stability over a 2-week observation period. Accumulative drug release was more than 56% within 24 hours. Further, the physiologically-based pharmacokinetic rat model consisting of various organs (ie, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and intestine) was fitted to the experimental data following administration of ZGD-loaded cosolvent (control) or micelles. Derived partition coefficient values revealed that the nanomicelles significantly altered the biodistribution of Z-GP-Dox. Of note, drug distribution to the lung, liver, and spleen was greatly enhanced and the fold change ranged from 2.4 to 33. In conclusion, this is the first report of a mixed micelle system being a viable carrier for delivery of Z-GP-Dox. Also, the pharmacokinetic behavior of Z-GP-Dox was satisfactorily described by the physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongming Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohui Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Quan E, Wang H, Dong D, Zhang X, Wu B. Characterization of Chrysin Glucuronidation in UGT1A1-Overexpressing HeLa Cells: Elucidating the Transporters Responsible for Efflux of Glucuronide. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:433-43. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.061598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Sun H, Zhang T, Wu Z, Wu B. Warfarin is an effective modifier of multiple UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: evaluation of its potential to alter the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine. J Pharm Sci 2014; 104:244-56. [PMID: 25393417 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the modulatory effects of warfarin (an extensively used anticoagulant drug) and its metabolites on UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity and to assess the potential of warfarin to alter the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine (AZT). The effects of warfarin and its metabolites on glucuronidation were determined using human and rat liver microsomes (HLM and RLM) as well as expressed UGTs. The mechanisms of warfarin-UGT interactions were explored through kinetic characterization and modeling. Pharmacokinetic studies with rats were performed to evaluate the potential of warfarin to alter the pharmacokinetics of AZT. We found that warfarin was an effective modifier of a panel of UGT enzymes. The effects of warfarin on glucuronidation were inhibitory for UGT1A1, 2B7, and 2B17, but activating for UGT1A3. Mixed effects were observed for UGT1A7 and 1A9. Consistent with its inhibitory effects on UGT2B7 activity, warfarin inhibited AZT glucuronidation in HLM (Ki = 74.9-96.3 μM) and RLM (Ki = 190-230 μM). Inhibition of AZT glucuronidation by UGT2B7, HLM, and RLM was also observed with several hydroxylated metabolites of warfarin. Moreover, the systemic exposure (AUC) of AZT in rats was increased by a 1.5- to 2.1-fold upon warfarin coadministration. The elevated AUC was associated with suppressed glucuronidation that was probably attained through a combined action of warfarin and its hydroxylated metabolites. In conclusion, the activities of multiple UGT enzymes can be modulated by warfarin and the nature of modulation was isoform dependent. Also, pharmacokinetic interactions of zidovudine with warfarin were highly possible through inhibition of UGT metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sun
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Zhao H, Liu H, Ma Z, Wang Y, Li YL, Ye WC, Wu B. Metabolite profiling of anhuienoside C by rat intestinal bacteria using the LC–MS metabolomic approach. Xenobiotica 2014; 45:189-96. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2014.960024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Sun H, Wang H, Liu H, Zhang X, Wu B. Glucuronidation of capsaicin by liver microsomes and expressed UGT enzymes: reaction kinetics, contribution of individual enzymes and marked species differences. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:1325-36. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.954548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ye Y, Zhang X, Zhang T, Wang H, Wu B. Design and evaluation of injectable niclosamide nanocrystals prepared by wet media milling technique. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:1416-24. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.954585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Liu H, Wu Z, Ma Z, Wu B. Glucuronidation of macelignan by human liver microsomes and expressed UGT enzymes: identification of UGT1A1 and 2B7 as the main contributing enzymes. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2014; 35:513-24. [PMID: 25099990 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; 601 Huangpu Avenue West Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Zhufeng Wu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; 601 Huangpu Avenue West Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Zhiguo Ma
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; 601 Huangpu Avenue West Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; 601 Huangpu Avenue West Guangzhou 510632 China
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