1
|
Weinstein AR, Onate A, Kruse G, Cohen M. Opportunities and challenges for a standardized curriculum in a student-run clinic network. MEDICAL TEACHER 2023; 45:778-783. [PMID: 36657452 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2166478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Student-run clinics (SRCs) are prevalent in medical schools. Although these are popular among students and provide ample learning opportunities, these opportunities are not well-characterized. SRCs are poised to support medical schools' ability to meet accreditation standards and student growth and learning, particularly in areas missing from traditional curricula, such as social determinants of health, interprofessional education and inequities. MATERIALS AND METHODS At the Crimson Care Collaborative (CCC), a network of 7 Harvard Medical School affiliated student-faculty practices in the greater Boston area, we sought to understand what learning opportunities and challenges exist and if a standardized curriculum could improve learning and result in less duplication of teaching efforts. We conducted semi-structured individual interviews of student and faculty leaders and conducted a thematic analysis of the data. RESULTS Four key themes emerged: (1) Standardization provides opportunities and challenges, (2) Embrace the unique learning opportunities of each clinic, (3) Educational coaches enhance learning opportunities and increase efficiency, (4) Reflection is a useful tool for improvement & learning. DISCUSSION Our results demonstrate a benefit to both a standardized curriculum for all SRC sites focused on broad clinical, skill-based training and site-specific teaching focusing on the unique clinical needs of each student-run clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Weinstein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alma Onate
- Greater Lawrence Family Health Center, Lawrence, MA, USA
| | - Gina Kruse
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marya Cohen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wilson OWA, Broman P, Tokolahi E, Andersen P, Brownie S. Learning Outcomes from Participation in Student-Run Health Clinics: A Systematic Review. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:143-157. [PMID: 36700175 PMCID: PMC9869697 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s385709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Student-run clinics (SRCs) offer unique opportunities for students to engage in healthcare delivery, but the student learning outcomes of such clinics have not yet been systematically examined in a comprehensive manner. The purpose of this review was to appraise and synthesize existing literature pertaining to student learning outcomes associated with participation in SRCs. A systematic review was undertaken using PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases. The quality of articles that met inclusion criteria articles was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Study details, such as learning outcomes, were also extracted. Ninety-two studies met inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in North America (n = 73, 79.3%), and related to clinics involving solely medical students (n = 35, 38.0%) or multi-professional clinics (n = 34, 37.0%). Demonstrated learning outcomes of SRC participation include clinical skills, interprofessional skills, empathy/compassion for underserved patients, and leadership. SRC participation had little apparent impact on students' future career directions. Quality appraisal via the MMAT found mixed levels of research quality amongst reviewed studies. In summary, while SRC participation appears to offer benefits for student learning, improved study design and research outside of North American contexts would further advance knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W A Wilson
- Centre for Health and Social Practice, Waikato Institute of Technology Te Pūkenga, Hamilton, New Zealand,Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA,Te Hau Kori, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Patrick Broman
- Centre for Health and Social Practice, Waikato Institute of Technology Te Pūkenga, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ema Tokolahi
- Centre for Health and Social Practice, Waikato Institute of Technology Te Pūkenga, Hamilton, New Zealand,School of Occupational Therapy, Otago Polytechnic Te Pūkenga, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Patrea Andersen
- Centre for Health and Social Practice, Waikato Institute of Technology Te Pūkenga, Hamilton, New Zealand,School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Science, CQUniversity, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia,School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy DownsQLD, Australia
| | - Sharon Brownie
- Centre for Health and Social Practice, Waikato Institute of Technology Te Pūkenga, Hamilton, New Zealand,School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Hawthorne, VIC, Australia,School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, BrisbaneQLD, Australia,Correspondence: Sharon Brownie, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Hawthorne, VIC, Australia, Email
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rupert DD, Alvarez GV, Burdge EJ, Nahvi RJ, Schell SM, Faustino FL. Student-Run Free Clinics Stand at a Critical Junction Between Undergraduate Medical Education, Clinical Care, and Advocacy. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2022; 97:824-831. [PMID: 34817408 PMCID: PMC9678019 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Student-run free clinics (SRFCs) act as primary care providers that bring health care to populations in need and are an important source of undergraduate medical education (UME), guiding trainees through the art of history taking and physical examination. However, they are also social justice and advocacy initiatives-addressing disparity in access to care and educating medical trainees with firsthand exposure to socioeconomic determinants of health as well as language and medical illiteracy barriers. Here, the authors review academic literature examining the impact of SRFCs in their 3 roles: as medical care providers, as components of medical education, and as advocacy organizations. Based on the evidence of that literature and decades of direct SRFC leadership experience, the authors make the case that SRFCs are an undersupported means by which UME institutions contribute to correcting health care disparities and to serving social justice reform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah D Rupert
- D.D. Rupert is a seventh-year MD-PhD student, Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, and Department of Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3426-3912
| | - George V Alvarez
- G.V. Alvarez is resident physician, Department of Family Medicine, Northwell Glen Cove Hospital, Glen Cove, New York
| | - Eric J Burdge
- E.J. Burdge is a fourth-year medical student, Long Island School of Medicine, New York University, Mineola, New York; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4724-0226
| | - Roxanna J Nahvi
- R.J. Nahvi is a sixth-year MD-PhD student, School of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7512-9736
| | - Spencer M Schell
- S.M. Schell is resident physician, Department of Family Medicine, OhioHealth Grant Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2212-3760
| | - Francis L Faustino
- F.L. Faustino is assistant professor and chair, Department of Family Medicine, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, Mineola, New York
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Burton E, Assi L, Vongsachang H, Swenor BK, Srikumaran D, Woreta FA, Johnson TV. Demographics, clinical interests, and ophthalmology skills confidence of medical student volunteers and non-volunteers in an extracurricular community vision screening service-learning program. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:143. [PMID: 35246114 PMCID: PMC8894556 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical school curricular hours dedicated to ophthalmology are low and declining. Extracurricular ophthalmology activities, such as participation in community vision screenings, may serve an important adjunctive role in medical school curricula. The Johns Hopkins University (JHU) Vision Screening In Our Neighborhoods (ViSION) Program is an example of a voluntary medical student-directed community service-learning program. METHODS We used a mixed-methods cross-sectional approach, including an online survey and semi-structured interviews. JHU School of Medicine students enrolled in MD or MD/PhD programs during the 2019-2020 academic year were surveyed regarding demographics, career and service interests, involvement in ophthalmology-related activities, and confidence in their ophthalmology-related skills. Survey responses were compared between ViSION volunteers and non-volunteers using Fisher's exact chi-square tests. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via webconference with 8 prior or current ViSION volunteers and responses analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Data were collected when ViSION volunteers were in variable stages of their medical education and involvement with the ViSION program. RESULTS A total of 118 medical students were included, representing an overall response rate of 24.6% of JHU medical students. ViSION volunteers reported greater involvement in ophthalmology-related research (42% vs. 4%, p < 0.001), intent to apply to ophthalmology residency programs (35% vs. 1%, p = 0.001), and confidence with multiple ophthalmology knowledge and clinical skill domains. In particular, ViSION volunteers were more likely to feel confident estimating cup-to-disc ratio using direct ophthalmoscopy (20% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). In open-ended survey and interview questions, most volunteers attributed at least some degree of their ophthalmology skill development and desire to pursue ophthalmology and public health careers to their ViSION experience. CONCLUSIONS Medical students who volunteered with a student-led community vision screening program were more likely to have a prior interest in ophthalmology than those who did not volunteer, but only 1/3 of volunteers planned to pursue a career in ophthalmology. Overall, volunteers reported higher confidence performing ophthalmology-related clinical skills, suggesting that student-led community vision screening programs may provide an important avenue for medical students to explore public health aspects of ophthalmology, while practicing ophthalmology exam skills and learning about common ophthalmic pathologies, regardless of their career intentions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Burton
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lama Assi
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Maumenee B-110, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | | | - Bonnielin K Swenor
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Maumenee B-110, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Divya Srikumaran
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Maumenee B-110, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Fasika A Woreta
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Maumenee B-110, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Thomas V Johnson
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Maumenee B-110, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bugaj TJ, Blohm M, Schmid C, Koehl N, Huber J, Huhn D, Herzog W, Krautter M, Nikendei C. Peer-assisted learning (PAL): skills lab tutors' experiences and motivation. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 19:353. [PMID: 31521146 PMCID: PMC6744669 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer-assisted learning (PAL) is a common teaching and learning method in medical education worldwide. In the setting of skills laboratories (skills labs), student tutors are often employed as an equivalent alternative to faculty teachers. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of qualitative studies which explore the reasons for the personal commitment of student tutors. The aim of our study was to examine how undergraduate students experienced and evaluated their roles as skills lab student tutors, what their motivation was, and whether social and cognitive congruence played a role in their teaching experiences. METHODS We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with student tutors who were currently teaching in a skills lab. After the interviews had been transcribed verbatim, two independent investigators performed a qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. RESULTS In total, we conducted nine interviews with student tutors. Our results revealed that all student tutors showed great enthusiasm and motivation for their jobs as peer teachers. One of the main motivating factors for student tutors to teach in a skills lab was the possibility to simultaneously share and improve their knowledge and expertise. In general, the participants of our study had high aspirations for their teaching. They found it particularly important to be empathetic with the student learners. At the same time, they thought they would personally benefit from their teaching activities and develop a certain expertise as student tutors. CONCLUSIONS With the present study we are able to gain some insight into what motivates student tutors to teach in a skills lab and what kind of experiences they have. Our results provide an important input for the future training of highly qualified student tutors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Bugaj
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Blohm
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Esslingen, Esslingen, Germany
| | - C. Schmid
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N. Koehl
- Practice Drs./NL Albertus Arends, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Huber
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Huhn
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W. Herzog
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Krautter
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinic for Kidney, Hypertension and Autoimmune Diseases, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C. Nikendei
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Anantharaman LT, Ravindranath Y, Dayal S, Shankar N. Peer-assisted learning versus didactic teaching in osteology for first-year Indian undergraduate medical students: a quasi-experimental study. Surg Radiol Anat 2019; 41:1163-1171. [PMID: 31123772 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-019-02259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The utility of peer-assisted learning (PAL) in anatomy education has been recognized. In this study, PAL was incorporated into osteology teaching for the first-year medical students and compared to traditional didactic methods (TDM). METHODS This was a cross-over intervention study. The class of 60 students was divided into two equal groups. The first group underwent PAL for five upper limb osteology sessions and TDM for all lower limb osteology classes. The second group underwent TDM for five upper limb osteology classes and PAL for lower limb osteology classes. A pre-session test (PrST) and post-session test (PoST) were conducted for each session using multiple choice type questions. Perceptions of students about PAL were collected using a questionnaire. Between and within group differences were estimated using the independent sample T test and paired T test, respectively. The responses in the questionnaire were summarized and open-ended responses categorized into broad themes. RESULTS Greater group differences were noted in the PrST as compared to the PoST mean scores, with the PAL group showing higher mean scores for both upper and lower limb sessions. Significantly higher PoST scores compared to PrST scores for all the sessions were observed regardless of the method used. Significantly higher scores in the PrST or PoST scores were noted in the PAL group for five sessions. Most aspects of PAL were appreciated by the students. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that PAL is at least as effective as TDM in learning osteology among the first-year medical students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogitha Ravindranath
- Department of Anatomy, St. John's Medical College, Sarjapur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560034, India
| | - Stephen Dayal
- Department of Anatomy, St. John's Medical College, Sarjapur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560034, India
| | - Nachiket Shankar
- Department of Anatomy, St. John's Medical College, Sarjapur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560034, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tai JHM, Canny BJ, Haines TP, Molloy EK. Implementing Peer Learning in Clinical Education: A Framework to Address Challenges In the "Real World". TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2017; 29:162-172. [PMID: 27997224 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2016.1247000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Phenomenon: Peer learning has many benefits and can assist students in gaining the educational skills required in future years when they become teachers themselves. Peer learning may be particularly useful in clinical learning environments, where students report feeling marginalized, overwhelmed, and unsupported. Educational interventions often fail in the workplace environment, as they are often conceived in the "ideal" rather than the complex, messy real world. This work sought to explore barriers and facilitators to implementing peer learning activities in a clinical curriculum. APPROACH Previous peer learning research results and a matrix of empirically derived peer learning activities were presented to local clinical education experts to generate discussion around the realities of implementing such activities. Potential barriers and limitations of and strategies for implementing peer learning in clinical education were the focus of the individual interviews. FINDINGS Thematic analysis of the data identified three key considerations for real-world implementation of peer learning: culture, epistemic authority, and the primacy of patient-centered care. Strategies for peer learning implementation were also developed from themes within the data, focusing on developing a culture of safety in which peer learning could be undertaken, engaging both educators and students, and establishing expectations for the use of peer learning. Insights: This study identified considerations and strategies for the implementation of peer learning activities, which took into account both educator and student roles. Reported challenges were reflective of those identified within the literature. The resultant framework may aid others in anticipating implementation challenges. Further work is required to test the framework's application in other contexts and its effect on learner outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Hong Meng Tai
- a Centre for Research in Assessment and Digital Learning , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria , Australia
- b Faculty of Medicine , Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Benedict J Canny
- b Faculty of Medicine , Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
- c School of Medicine , University of Tasmania , Hobart , Tasmania , Australia
| | - Terry P Haines
- b Faculty of Medicine , Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
- d Allied Health Research Unit , Monash Health , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Elizabeth K Molloy
- b Faculty of Medicine , Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Passmore A, Persic C, Countryman D, Rankine L, Henderson M, Hu T, Nyhof-Young J, Cott C. Student and Preceptor Experiences at an Inter-Professional Student-Run Clinic: A Physical Therapy Perspective. Physiother Can 2016; 68:391-397. [PMID: 27904239 DOI: 10.3138/ptc.2015-87e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Student-run clinics (SRCs) provide a unique opportunity for inter-professional education; they prepare health care students for a collaborative future by enabling them to interact with other such students in a clinical setting focused on inter-professional learning and collaboration. Physical therapy (PT) students are increasingly being included in SRCs; however, most research on student experiences in SRCs has been carried out with medical students. This qualitative study explores the perceived benefits of the PT experience in an SRC through the lens of PT students and their preceptors. Method: A qualitative interpretive-descriptive approach consisting of face-to-face, semi-structured interviews was used. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using a constant comparative approach. Results: Seven PT students and eight preceptors who volunteered at the SRC between September 2013 and May 2015 participated in the study. Three themes emerged from the interviews: (1) exposure to marginalized patient populations, (2) learning through inter-professional interactions, and (3) experience with different patient care approaches. Conclusions: Participating in an SRC enhances PT students' understanding of their and other health care professionals' roles. Students gained an appreciation for the social determinants of health and improved their knowledge of inter-professional collaboration. The knowledge gained from this study has the potential to inform PT professional development, SRCs, and PT education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tina Hu
- Undergraduate Medical Education Program
| | - Joyce Nyhof-Young
- Undergraduate Medical Education Program; Family & Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dekker RS, Schutte T, Tichelaar J, Thijs A, van Agtmael MA, de Vries TPGM, Richir MC. A novel approach to teaching pharmacotherapeutics--feasibility of the learner-centered student-run clinic. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 71:1381-7. [PMID: 26268444 PMCID: PMC4613888 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-015-1916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
ᅟ Medical students should be better prepared for their future role as prescribers. A new educational concept to achieve this is learning by doing. This encompasses legitimate, context-based training and gives students responsibility as early as possible in their medical education. Student-run clinics (SRCs) are an example of this concept. Aim Describe the development of a new SRC for insured patients, primarily focused on medical (pharmacotherapy) education, the learner-centered student-run clinic (LC-SRC), and its feasibility. Methods Teams each comprising of three students (first, third, and fifth year) performed consultations including proposing management plans, all under the supervision of an internist. Patients were voluntary selected from the internal medicine outpatient clinic for follow-up in the LC-SRC. Feasibility was evaluated using a set of questionnaires for patients, supervisors, and students. Results In total, 31 consultations were conducted; 31 students and 4 clinical specialists participated. A pharmacotherapeutic treatment plan was drawn up in 33 % of the consultations. Patients were content with the care provided and rated the consultation with a 7.9 (SD 1.21) (1(min)-10(max)). Supervisors regarded LC-SRC safe for patients with guaranteed quality of care. They found the LC-SRC a valuable tool in medical education although it was time-consuming. Students appreciated their (new) responsibility for patient care and considered the LC-SRC a very valuable extracurricular activity. Discussion The LC-SRC is feasible, and all participants considered it to be a valuable educational activity. It offers students the opportunity to learn in a real interprofessional and longitudinal setting for their future role as prescriber in clinical practice. The benefits and learner effects need to be investigated in a larger study with a longer follow-up. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1916-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon S Dekker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pharmacotherapy Section, VU University Medical Center, room PK 1X74, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Schutte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pharmacotherapy Section, VU University Medical Center, room PK 1X74, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- RECIPE (Research and Expertise Center In Pharmacotherapy Education), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jelle Tichelaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pharmacotherapy Section, VU University Medical Center, room PK 1X74, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- RECIPE (Research and Expertise Center In Pharmacotherapy Education), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abel Thijs
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel A van Agtmael
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pharmacotherapy Section, VU University Medical Center, room PK 1X74, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- RECIPE (Research and Expertise Center In Pharmacotherapy Education), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo P G M de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pharmacotherapy Section, VU University Medical Center, room PK 1X74, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- RECIPE (Research and Expertise Center In Pharmacotherapy Education), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Milan C Richir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pharmacotherapy Section, VU University Medical Center, room PK 1X74, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- RECIPE (Research and Expertise Center In Pharmacotherapy Education), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Doumouras A, Rush R, Campbell A, Taylor D. Peer-assisted bedside teaching rounds. CLINICAL TEACHER 2015; 12:197-202. [DOI: 10.1111/tct.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aristithes Doumouras
- Division of General Surgery; Department of Surgery; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Raphael Rush
- Department of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Anthony Campbell
- Department of Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - David Taylor
- Department of Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song C, Davis BJ, Lambert DR. The Medical Education Pathway: description and early outcomes of a student-as-teacher program. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2015; 90:458-61. [PMID: 25354074 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Although senior medical students at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry (URSMD) have a long history of teaching junior peers, no formal educational training existed for students until 2007. The Medical Education Pathway (MEP) at the URSMD is a longitudinal student-as-teacher program that addresses both the local precedent of medical student teaching and the ongoing need to prepare students for teaching in residency and beyond. APPROACH In 2007, administrative faculty spearheaded efforts to create the MEP Committee, whose members then designed and implemented an elective curriculum. The curriculum balances didactics and experiential learning. A rigorous two-step application process precedes acceptance into the MEP. Participating students receive mentoring, assessment, and formative feedback on lecture delivery and leadership of various small-group formats. OUTCOMES Since 2007, 89 students have enrolled in the MEP: 49 have successfully completed it, and 40 are currently enrolled. MEP students teach in basic science and clinical courses, and they regularly make novel contributions to the medical school curriculum. Student learner peers demonstrate an ability to give constructive feedback to MEP students. Exit survey comments demonstrate that the MEP influences participating students' career plans. Lessons learned from implementing the MEP include the importance of institutional support, dedicated faculty who value student teaching, and flexibility in scheduling. NEXT STEPS Future improvements to the MEP include enhancing the assessment process and tracking the careers of graduates as outcome data. The MEP serves as a model for a successful student-as-teacher program in other institutions and settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Song
- Dr. Song is senior instructor, Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York. Dr. Davis is associate professor, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York. Dr. Lambert is professor, Department of Medicine, and senior associate dean of medical education, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schutte T, Tichelaar J, Dekker RS, van Agtmael MA, de Vries TPGM, Richir MC. Learning in student-run clinics: a systematic review. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2015; 49:249-263. [PMID: 25693985 DOI: 10.1111/medu.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Student-run clinics (SRCs) have existed for many years and may provide the most realistic setting for context-based learning and legitimate early clinical experiences with responsibility for patient care. We reviewed the literature on student outcomes of participation in SRCs. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed using the PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and ERIC databases. Included articles were reviewed for conclusions and outcomes; study quality was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI). RESULTS A total of 42 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the quantitative synthesis. The effects of participation on students' attitudes were mainly positive: students valued the SRC experience. Data on the effects of SRC participation on students' skills and knowledge were based mainly on expert opinions and student surveys. Students reported improved skills and indicated that they had acquired knowledge they were unlikely to have gained elsewhere in the curriculum. The quality of specific aspects of care delivered by students was comparable with that of regular care. CONCLUSIONS The suggestion that students should be trained as medical professionals with responsibility for patient care early in the curriculum is attractive. In an SRC this responsibility is central. Students valued the early training opportunity in SRCs and liked participating. However, little is known about the effect of SRC participation on students' skills and knowledge. The quality of care provided by students seemed adequate. Further research is needed to assess the effect of SRC participation on students' skills, knowledge and behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schutte
- Research and Expertise Centre in Pharmacotherapy Education (RECIPE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Pharmacotherapy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Campbell DJT, Gibson K, O'Neill BG, Thurston WE. The role of a student-run clinic in providing primary care for Calgary's homeless populations: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2013; 13:277. [PMID: 23866968 PMCID: PMC3718696 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the increasing popularity of Student-Run Clinics (SRCs) in Canada, there is little existing literature exploring their role within the Canadian healthcare system. Generalizing American literature to Canadian SRCs is inappropriate, given significant differences in healthcare delivery between the two countries. Medical students at the University of Calgary started a SRC serving Calgary’s homeless population at the Calgary Drop-In and Rehabilitation Centre (CDIRC). This study explored stakeholders’ desired role for a SRC within Calgary’s primary healthcare system and potential barriers it may face. Methods Individual and group semi-structured interviews were undertaken with key stakeholders in the SRC project: clients (potential patients), CDIRC staff, staff from other stakeholder organizations, medical students, and faculty members. Convenience sampling was used in the recruitment of client participants. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a coding template which was derived from the literature. Results Participants identified factors related to the clinic and to medical students that suggest there is an important role for a SRC in Calgary. The clinic was cited as improving access to primary healthcare for individuals experiencing homelessness. It was suggested that students may be ideally suited to provide empathetic healthcare to this population. Barriers to success were identified, including continuity of care and the exclusion of some subsets of the homeless population due to location. Conclusions SRCs possess several unique features that may make them a potentially important primary healthcare resource for the homeless. Participants identified numerous benefits of the SRC to providing primary care for homeless individuals, as well as several important limitations that need to be accounted for when designing and implementing such a program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J T Campbell
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Integrated models of education and service involving community-based health care for underserved populations: Tulane student-run free clinics. South Med J 2013; 106:217-23. [PMID: 23462491 DOI: 10.1097/smj.0b013e318287fe9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Throughout the United States numerous models of local programs, including student-run clinics, exist to address the issue of access to care. The role of these clinics in serving the local community and contributing to medical education has been documented only in limited detail, however. The purpose of this article is to describe the clinic models, patient demographics, and services provided by four student-run clinics in New Orleans. METHODS This is a retrospective, multisite chart review study of adult patients examined at student-run clinics between January 1, 2010 and July 31, 2011. RESULTS During a 19-month period, 859 patients collectively were seen at the clinics, for a total of 1455 visits. The most common reasons for seeking care were medication refills (21.6%) and musculoskeletal pain (12.0%). Counseling and health education were provided primarily for smoking cessation (9.0%), diabetes management (7.1%), and hypertension management (5.8%). Nearly one-fifth of patients were given a referral to primary care services. In the 2010-2011 academic year, 87.6% of preclinical medical students volunteered at ≥1 of these clinics and spent 4508 hours during 1478 shifts. CONCLUSIONS This article highlights the role of student-run clinics in the community, the safety-net healthcare system, and medical education. Future directions include the establishment of a new clinic, fundraising, and prospective studies to further assess the impact of student-run clinics.
Collapse
|