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Taouk L, Gunthert K, Schulkin J. Risk perception in pregnancy: Patient-physician discrepancies, information consumption, and mental health outcomes. Birth 2023; 50:808-814. [PMID: 37300301 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the scope, causes, or consequences of risk overestimation. Our aim was to assess whether risk perceptions in pregnancy are heightened for a range of behaviors, related to consumption of health information, and associated with mental health indices. METHODS One hundred and fifty members of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists were invited to participate in a patient-physician study, and 37% returned surveys. Physicians (n = 73) and prenatal patients (n = 388) rated the perceived safety of exposure to 40 behaviors during pregnancy. A subset of prenatal patients completed a postpartum follow-up survey (n = 103). RESULTS Statistical comparison of means indicated that patients overestimated the risk of 30 behaviors. Anchoring patient ratings against average physician ratings, 87.8% of total discrepancy scores reflected net risk overestimation. Greater risk overestimation was associated with higher consumption of pregnancy-related health information, but was not associated with anxiety or depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Risk perceptions may be heightened across a range of behaviors during pregnancy, even when empirical evidence of risk is absent. Information consumption could be associated with risk estimation, but causality and directionality have not been established. Further research on risk perceptions could have implications for prenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Taouk
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kathleen Gunthert
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jay Schulkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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McGurgan P. Hiding in plain sight: Inconvenient facts for patient safety in non-24/7 theatre on-site staffed obstetric units. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 63:606-611. [PMID: 37555707 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The views expressed here are based on my professional experience as a consultant obstetrician, and previous role as clinical head of service for a small (<1800 births/year) obstetric unit in Perth metro. The obstetric unit in which I work has no 24/7 on-site staffed theatre capacity, no high dependency unit, and at night is staffed by a resident medical officer and junior obstetric registrar, with a consultant on-call within 30 min travel time. Based on my review of the literature on obstetric services nationally and various state guidelines (see Sources section), other Australian metro-located obstetric services appear to have similar challenges, but in this paper I focus on the health service models and patient safety systems that I am most familiar with (Perth metro) and ask why obstetric services in this, and by inference, other areas of the country which have similar high population density, would continue to have these staffing/service profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul McGurgan
- Divison of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UWA Medical School, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Borovoi L, Shiloh S, Alidu L, Vlaev I. The Latent Perception of Pregnancy. Front Psychol 2022; 13:589911. [PMID: 35401329 PMCID: PMC8987224 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.589911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe main purpose of this study was to describe the latent structure of pregnancy perception by investigating the role of risks and medical examinations in pregnancy perception across the sexes and pregnancy status.MethodsStudy 1 developed a questionnaire based on the responses of 29 young adults on their perception of pregnancy. Study 2 consisted of distributing the questionnaire among 290 participants (mean age 29.3; standard deviation = 7.5).ResultsThe statistical clustering analysis revealed three major clusters of pregnancy perceptions: “evaluative,” “physio-medical,” and “future considerations,” each of them encompassing several meaningful sub-clusters. This structure of pregnancy perceptions supports Beck and Beck-Gernsheim’s modernization approach. Negative emotions toward pregnancy were related to social cognitions, whereas thoughts about risks were included in the medical sub-cluster. After reliability analyses, comparisons of scale scores revealed that women experienced more positive emotions, thought more about physical symptoms and about future issues compared to men (evolutionary explanation was offered).ConclusionPregnant participants felt less ambivalence toward pregnancy, thought more about risks and medical examinations and less about parents’ duties than non-pregnant participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Borovoi
- Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel, Raanana, Israel
| | - Shoshana Shiloh
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lailah Alidu
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ivo Vlaev
- Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ivo Vlaev,
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Robinson
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia,
- School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia,
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McKerracher L, Moffat T, Barker M, Williams D, Sloboda DM. Translating the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease concept to improve the nutritional environment for our next generations: a call for a reflexive, positive, multi-level approach. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2019; 10:420-428. [PMID: 31347486 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418001034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supporting the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis indicates that improving early life environments can reduce non-communicable disease risks and improve health over the lifecourse. A widespread understanding of this evidence may help to reshape structures, guidelines and individual behaviors to better the developmental conditions for the next generations. Yet, few efforts have yet been made to translate the DOHaD concept beyond the research community. To understand why, and to identify priorities for DOHaD Knowledge Translation (KT) programs, we review here a portion of published descriptions of DOHaD KT efforts and critiques thereof. We focus on KT targeting people equipped to apply DOHaD knowledge to their everyday home or work lives. We identified 17 reports of direct-to-public DOHaD KT that met our inclusion criteria. Relevant KT programs have been or are being initiated in nine countries, most focusing on secondary school students or care-workers-in-training; few target parents-to-be. Early indicators suggest that such programs can empower participants. Main critiques of DOHaD KT suggest it may overburden mothers with responsibility for children's health and health environments, minimizing the roles of other people and institutions. Simultaneously, though, many mothers-to-be seek reliable guidance on prenatal health and nutrition, and would likely benefit from engagement with DOHaD KT. We thus recommend emphasizing solidarity, and bringing together people likely to one day become parents (youth), people planning pregnancies, expecting couples, care workers and policymakers into empowering conversation about DOHaD and about the importance and complexity of early life environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L McKerracher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University,Hamilton, ON,Canada
| | - T Moffat
- Department of Anthropology, McMaster University,Hamilton, ON,Canada
| | - M Barker
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton,Southampton,UK
| | - D Williams
- Department of Anthropology, McMaster University,Hamilton, ON,Canada
| | - D M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University,Hamilton, ON,Canada
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Lee S, Ayers S, Holden D. Decision-making regarding place of birth in high-risk pregnancy: a qualitative study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2016; 37:44-50. [PMID: 26984582 DOI: 10.3109/0167482x.2016.1151413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women consider factors including safety and the psychological impact of their chosen location when deciding whether to give birth in hospital or at home. The same is true for women with high-risk pregnancies who may plan homebirths against medical advice. This study investigated women's decision-making during high-risk pregnancies. Half the participants were planning hospital births and half were planning homebirths. METHODS A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews set in a hospital maternity department in the UK. Twenty-six participants with high-risk pregnancies, at least 32 weeks pregnant. Results were analysed using systematic thematic analysis. RESULTS Three themes emerged: perceptions of birth at home and hospital; beliefs about how birth should be; and the decision process. Both groups were concerned about safety but they expressed different concerns. Women drew psychological comfort from their chosen birth location. Women planning homebirths displayed faith in the natural birth process and stressed the quality of the birth experience. Women planning hospital births believed the access to medical care outweighed their misgivings about the physical environment. DISCUSSION Although women from both groups expressed similar concerns about safety they reached different decisions about how these should be addressed regarding birth location. These differences may be related to beliefs about the birth process. Commitment to their decisions may have helped reduce cognitive stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Lee
- a School of Health Sciences, City University London , Northampton Square , London , UK and
| | - Susan Ayers
- a School of Health Sciences, City University London , Northampton Square , London , UK and
| | - Des Holden
- b Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, East Surrey Hospital , Canada Avenue, Redhill , Surrey , UK
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Abstract
AIM To report an analysis of the concept of risk perception in pregnancy. BACKGROUND Pregnant women are increasingly exposed to the view that pregnancy and childbirth are intrinsically dangerous, requiring medical monitoring and management. Societal pressures are applied to women that dictate appropriate behaviours during pregnancy. These changes have resulted in increased perception of risk for pregnant women. DESIGN Walker and Avant's method was selected to guide this analysis. DATA SOURCES Peer-reviewed articles published in English from CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed and Psychinfo. No date limits were applied. METHODS Thematic analysis was conducted on 79 articles. Attributes, antecedents and consequences of the concept were identified. RESULTS The attributes of the concept are the possibility of harm to mother or infant and beliefs about the severity of the risk state. The physical condition of pregnancy combined with the cognitive ability to perceive a personal risk state is antecedents. Risk perception in pregnancy influences women's affective state and has an impact on decision-making about pregnancy and childbirth. There are limited empirical referents with which to measure the concept. CONCLUSION Women today know more about their developing infant than at any other time in history; however, this has not led to a sense of reassurance. Nurses and midwives have a critical role in assisting pregnant women, and their families make sense of the information they are exposed to. An understanding of the complexities of the concept of risk perception in pregnancy may assist in enabling nurses and midwives to reaffirm the normalcy of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Lydia Lennon
- College of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Robinson M, Pennell CE, McLean NJ, Tearne JE, Oddy WH, Newnham JP. Risk Perception in Pregnancy. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2015. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite huge advances in obstetric management and technology in recent decades, there has not been an accompanying decrease in patients’ perception of risk during pregnancy. The aim of this paper is to examine the context of risk perception in pregnancy and what practitioners can do to manage it. The modern pregnancy may induce a heightened perception of risk due to increased prenatal testing and surveillance, medico-legal complexity, fertility treatment, and the increasing use of the internet and social media as a source of information. The consequences of an inflated perception of risk during pregnancy include stress, anxiety, and depression, and these issues may have long-lasting implications for patients, their babies, and their families. There are numerous resilience and vulnerability factors that can help care providers identify those who may be predisposed to increased risk perception in pregnancy, and there is a role for both obstetric care providers and psychologists engaged in obstetric settings to manage and reduce risk perception in patients where possible. Ultimately, the medical management of risk during pregnancy can be complex but a thorough understanding of the social and emotional context can assist providers to support their patients through both high- and low-risk pregnancy and birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Robinson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Craig E. Pennell
- School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, The University of Western Australia at King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Neil J. McLean
- School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jessica E. Tearne
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Wendy H. Oddy
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - John P. Newnham
- School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, The University of Western Australia at King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Australia
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Dweik D, Girasek E, Mészáros G, Töreki A, Keresztúri A, Pál A. Non-medical determinants of cesarean section in a medically dominated maternity system. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2014; 93:1025-33. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diána Dweik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Edmond Girasek
- Health Services Management Training Centre; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Gyula Mészáros
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Annamária Töreki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Attila Keresztúri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Attila Pál
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Lee
- Lecturer in Midwifery City University London
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Gawron LM, Cameron KA, Phisuthikul A, Simon MA. An exploration of women's reasons for termination timing in the setting of fetal abnormalities. Contraception 2012; 88:109-15. [PMID: 23352798 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 3% of pregnancies are complicated by a fetal abnormality, of which, approximately 80% are terminated. Despite early screening options, women often present at the cusp of legal limits for termination. STUDY DESIGN A qualitative study was conducted with women terminating pregnancies for fetal abnormalities. Semi-structured interviews explored reasons for termination timing. Analysis utilized latent content and constant comparative methods. RESULTS Of 30 participants between 13+4 and 23+5 weeks gestation, their median age was 35 years, 73.3% were white, 70% were religiously affiliated, and 60% had children. The median time from abnormality identification until termination was 16.5 days (range 2-73). The major themes for termination timing included (1) an abrupt shift in "low-risk" pregnancy perception; (2) challenging medical interactions; (3) an emotional decision-making process; and (4) termination access barriers. CONCLUSIONS Timing of termination for fetal abnormalities is attributable to multiple issues. Future research should identify optimal prenatal counseling strategies, address systemic barriers, and identify patient decision-making resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori M Gawron
- Section of Family Planning and Contraception, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Lee S, Ayers S, Holden D. Risk perception of women during high risk pregnancy: A systematic review. HEALTH RISK & SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/13698575.2012.701277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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