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El-Khatib AS, Moustafa AM, Abdel-Aziz AA, Al-Shabanah OA, El-Kashef HA. Ginkgo Biloba Extract (Egb 761) Modulates Bleomycin-induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 87:417-22. [PMID: 11989597 DOI: 10.1177/030089160108700612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on bleomycin (BLM)-induced acute lung injury was studied in rats. The responsiveness of isolated pulmonary arterial rings to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) as well as the levels of some relevant biochemical markers in the lung tissue were taken as evidence for the acute lung injury. BLM was given intraperitoneally at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days. It was found that BLM treatment attenuated the vasoconstrictor effect of 5-HT on the isolated pulmonary arteries. In lung tissues BLM also elevated the level of lipid peroxides and enhanced the activity of glutathione peroxidase. On the other hand, the level of glutathione and the activity of alkaline phosphatase were reduced. Body weight, lung weight and tissue glutathione-S-transferase activity were, however, not altered. Oral administration of EGb 761 at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days did not alter any of the chosen biochemical parameters in the lung tissue except for a slight reduction in alkaline phosphatase activity. However, treatment with EGb 761 reduced the responsiveness of the pulmonary artery to 5-HT. Administration of EGb 761 (100 mg/kg/day; po) two hours prior to BLM (15 mg/kg/day; ip), for five consecutive days blunted the occurrence of further reduction in the vasoconstrictor response of the pulmonary artery to 5-HT. Furthermore, EGb 761 tended to normalize BLM-induced alterations in the measured biochemical markers in the lung tissue. The apparent modulatory influence of EGb 761 on BLM-induced acute lung injury stems, at least in part, from its beneficial free radical scavenging properties that provide the extract with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S El-Khatib
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Platelet-activating factor modulates fat storage in the liver induced by a high-refined carbohydrate-containing diet. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:978-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lv XX, Wang XX, Li K, Wang ZY, Li Z, Lv Q, Fu XM, Hu ZW. Rupatadine protects against pulmonary fibrosis by attenuating PAF-mediated senescence in rodents. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68631. [PMID: 23869224 PMCID: PMC3711902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A similar immune response is implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and allergic disorders. We investigated the potential therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of rupatadine, a dual antagonist of histamine and platelet-activation factor (PAF), in bleomycin- (BLM-) and silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The indicated dosages of rupatadine were administered in rodents with bleomycin or silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The tissue injury, fibrosis, inflammatory cells and cytokines, and lung function were examined to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of rupatadine. The anti-fibrosis effect of rupatadine was compared with an H1 or PAF receptor antagonist, and efforts were made to reveal rupatadine’s anti-fibrotic mechanism. Rupatadine promoted the resolution of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner, as indicated by the reductions in inflammation score, collagen deposition and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, and infiltration or expression of inflammatory cells or cytokines in the fibrotic lung tissue. Thus, rupatadine treatment improved the declined lung function and significantly decreased animal death. Moreover, rupatadine was able not only to attenuate silica-induced silicosis but also to produce a superior therapeutic efficacy compared to pirfenidone, histamine H1 antagonist loratadine, or PAF antagonist CV-3988. The anti-fibrotic action of rupatadine might relate to its attenuation of BLM- or PAF-induced premature senescence because rupatadine treatment protected against the in vivo and in vitro activation of the p53/p21-dependent senescence pathway. Our studies indicate that rupatadine promotes the resolution of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis by attenuating the PAF-mediated senescence response. Rupatadine holds promise as a novel drug to treat the devastating disease of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-xi Lv
- Molecular Immunology and Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-xing Wang
- Molecular Immunology and Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Molecular Immunology and Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zi-yan Wang
- Molecular Immunology and Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- Molecular Immunology and Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qi Lv
- Molecular Immunology and Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-ming Fu
- Molecular Immunology and Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo-Wei Hu
- Molecular Immunology and Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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A Novel Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Antagonist Inhibits Choroidal Neovascularization and Subretinal Fibrosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68173. [PMID: 23826375 PMCID: PMC3694891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a critical pathogenesis in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of blindness in developed countries. To date, the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying CNV have not been elucidated. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been previously implicated in angiogenesis; however, the roles of PAF and its receptor (PAF-R) in CNV have not been addressed. The present study reveals several important findings concerning the relationship of the PAF-R signaling with CNV. PAF-R was detected in a mouse model of laser-induced CNV and was upregulated during CNV development. Experimental CNV was suppressed by administering WEB2086, a novel PAF-R antagonist. WEB2086-dependent suppression of CNV occurred via the inhibition of macrophage infiltration and the expression of proangiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor) and proinflammatory molecules (monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and IL-6) in the retinal pigment epithelium-choroid complex. Additionally, WEB2086-induced PAF-R blockage suppresses experimentally induced subretinal fibrosis, which resembles the fibrotic subretinal scarring observed in neovascular AMD. As optimal treatment modalities for neovascular AMD would target the multiple mechanisms of AMD-associated vision loss, including neovascularization, inflammation and fibrosis, our results suggest PAF-R as an attractive molecular target in the treatment of AMD.
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Pradère JP, Gonzalez J, Klein J, Valet P, Grès S, Salant D, Bascands JL, Saulnier-Blache JS, Schanstra JP. Lysophosphatidic acid and renal fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2008; 1781:582-7. [PMID: 18455518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of fibrosis involves a multitude of events and molecules. Until now the majority of these molecules were found to be proteins or peptides. But recent data show significant involvement of the phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in the development of pulmonary, liver and renal fibrosis. The latest data on the role of LPA and the G-protein-coupled LPA1 receptor in the development of renal fibrosis will be discussed. LPA1-receptor activation was found to be associated with increased vascular leakage and increased fibroblast recruitment in pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, in renal fibrosis LPA1-receptor activation stimulates macrophage recruitment and connective tissue growth factor expression. The observations make this receptor an interesting alternative and new therapeutic target in fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Pradère
- Inserm, U858/I2MR, Department of Metabolism and Obesity, Team #3, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Huang L, Xie Y, William Lown J. Section Review Oncologic, Endocrine & Metabolic: Bleomycin antibiotics and their role in cancer chemotherapy. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.6.9.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sato K, Tashiro Y, Chibana S, Yamashita A, Karakawa T, Kohrogi H. Role of Lipid-Derived Free Radical in Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury in Mice: Availability for ESR Spin Trap Method with Organic Phase Extraction. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1855-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Sato
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yasumasa Tashiro
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Satsuki Chibana
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Akihisa Yamashita
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Tomohiro Karakawa
- Divisions of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Hirotsugu Kohrogi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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Kawano Y, Furukawa Y, Fukuda J, Matsumoto H, Yuge A, Narahara H. The effects of platelet-activating factor on the secretion of interleukin-8 and growth-regulated oncogene alpha in human immortalized granulosa cell line (GC1a). Am J Reprod Immunol 2007; 58:434-9. [PMID: 17922696 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2007.00527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To investigate the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in human ovulation, we studied the regulation of interleukin (IL)-8 and growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) alpha in cultured human immortalized granulosa cell line (GC1a). METHOD OF STUDY GC1a was cultured in serum-free medium, and incubated with carbamyl-PAF (C-PAF) and/or PAF receptor antagonist (WEB 2086). The supernatants were collected, and IL-8 and GRO alpha were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS After treatment with C-PAF, the levels of IL-8 and GROalpha increased in a time-dependent manner. The levels of IL-8 and GROalpha were significantly increased after treatment with C-PAF in a dose-dependent manner. However, the levels of IL-8 and GROalpha were significantly decreased by treatment with C-PAF and with increasing concentrations of WEB 2086. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that IL-8 and GROalpha were regulated by C-PAF. The results suggested that PAF may play an important role in human pre-ovulatory processes involving IL-8 and GROalpha production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Kawano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan.
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Moeller A, Ask K, Warburton D, Gauldie J, Kolb M. The bleomycin animal model: a useful tool to investigate treatment options for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 40:362-82. [PMID: 17936056 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 716] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Different animal models of pulmonary fibrosis have been developed to investigate potential therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The most common is the bleomycin model in rodents (mouse, rat and hamster). Over the years, numerous agents have been shown to inhibit fibrosis in this model. However, to date none of these compounds are used in the clinical management of IPF and none has shown a comparable antifibrotic effect in humans. We performed a systematic review of publications on drug efficacy studies in the bleomycin model to evaluate the value of this model regarding transferability to clinical use. Between 1980 and 2006 we identified 240 experimental studies describing beneficial antifibrotic compounds in the bleomycin model. 222 of those used a preventive regimen (drug given < or =7 days after last bleomycin application), only 13 were therapeutic trials (>7 days after last bleomycin application). In 5 studies we did not find enough details about the timing of drug application to allow inter-study comparison. It is critical to distinguish between drugs interfering with the inflammatory and early fibrogenic response from those preventing progression of fibrosis, the latter likely much more meaningful for clinical application. All potential antifibrotic compounds should be evaluated in the phase of established fibrosis rather than in the early period of bleomycin-induced inflammation for assessment of its antifibrotic properties. Further care should be taken in extrapolation of drugs successfully tested in the bleomycin model due to partial reversibility of bleomycin-induced fibrosis over time. The use of alternative and more robust animal models, which better reflect human IPF, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Moeller
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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El-Medany A, Hagar HH, Moursi M, At Muhammed R, El-Rakhawy FI, El-Medany G. Attenuation of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats by mesna. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 509:61-70. [PMID: 15713430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2004] [Revised: 10/23/2004] [Accepted: 11/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is a common side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent, bleomycin. Current evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species may play a key role in the development of lung fibrosis. The present study examined the effect of mesna on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats. Animals were divided into three groups: (1) saline control group; (2) Bleomycin group in which rats were injected with bleomycin (15 mg/kg, i.p.) three times a week for four weeks; (3) Bleomycin and mesna group, in which mesna was given to rats (180 mg/kg/day, i.p.) a week prior to bleomycin and daily during bleomycin injections for 4 weeks until the end of the treatment. Bleomycin treatment resulted in a pronounced fall in the average body weight of animals. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury and lung fibrosis was indicated by increased lung hydroxyproline content, and elevated nitric oxide synthase, myeoloperoxidase, platelet activating factor, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in lung tissues. On the other hand, bleomycin induced a reduction in reduced glutathione concentration and angiotensin converting enzyme activity in lung tissues. Moreover, bleomycin-induced severe histological changes in lung tissues revealed as lymphocytes and neutrophils infiltration, increased collagen deposition and fibrosis. Co-administration of bleomycin and mesna reduced bleomycin-induced weight loss and attenuated lung injury as evaluated by the significant reduction in hydroxyproline content, nitric oxide synthase activity, and concentrations of myeoloperoxidase, platelet activating factor, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in lung tissues. Furthermore, mesna ameliorated bleomycin-induced reduction in reduced glutathione concentration and angiotensin activity in lung tissues. Finally, histological evidence supported the ability of mesna to attenuate bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and consolidation. Thus, the findings of the present study provide evidence that mesna may serve as a novel target for potential therapeutic treatment of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza El-Medany
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and KHUH, King Saud University, P.O. BOX 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
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Giri SN. Novel pharmacological approaches to manage interstitial lung fibrosis in the twenty-first century. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2003; 43:73-95. [PMID: 12540741 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.43.100901.135740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological agents currently in use to treat interstitial lung fibrosis are either ineffective or too toxic in humans. This review addresses mechanistically based novel approaches that have the potential to minimize the accumulation of collagen in the lung, a hallmark of lung fibrosis. These approaches include maintaining the intracellular levels of NAD(+) and ATP, blocking the biological activities of TGF-beta and integrins, evaluating the effectiveness of PAF-receptor antagonists and NOS inhibitors, and developing a new generation of cysteine pro-drugs with an adequate degree of bioavailability. A critical analysis of each approach as it relates to management of IPF in humans is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shri N Giri
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Daba MH, Abdel-Aziz AAH, Moustafa AM, Al-Majed AA, Al-Shabanah OA, El-Kashef HA. Effects of L-carnitine and ginkgo biloba extract (EG b 761) in experimental bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2002; 45:461-7. [PMID: 12162946 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.2002.0985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) and L-carnitine on bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis were studied in rats. BLM (cumulative dose of 180 mgkg(-1)) was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) three times weekly for 4 consecutive weeks. Treatment with BLM enhanced the responsiveness of isolated pulmonary arterial rings to serotonin (5-HT), significantly increased the normal serum level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) by approximately 105% and markedly elevated the level of lipid peroxide (LPO) and collagen content in the lung homogenates by 34 and 83%, respectively. EGb 761 (100 mgkg(-1) ), given in drinking water for the whole study period, totally abolished the BLM-induced alterations in the measured biochemical and pharmacological parameters. Meanwhile, L-carnitine (500 mg kg(-1) ), administered in drinking water, significantly decreased the BLM-induced elevations of serum TNF-alpha, LPO level in lung tissues and the enhanced responsiveness of pulmonary arterial rings to 5-HT. However,L-carnitine did not reduce the increase in the collagen content produced by BLM. The results of the present study indicate the beneficial effects of EGb 761 and L-carnitine against lung toxicity induced by BLM treatment. Furthermore, the present data shows the advantageous use of EGb 761 as a protective agent in BLM-induced lung fibrosis under the experimental circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Daba
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Zhang Q, Mo Y, Lou J, Zhu X, Chen Z, He L, Zhong H. Determination of the platelet activating factor in silicotic patients and its effect on fibroblasts. Environ Health Prev Med 2001; 5:134-7. [PMID: 21432401 DOI: 10.1007/bf02918288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/1999] [Accepted: 04/03/2000] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activation factor (PAF), one of the potent proinflammatory mediators, is produced from a large range of cells, including polymorphonuclear neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer cells. To study the role of PAF in the pathogenesis of silicosis, we determined the PAF in silicotic patients and in healthy persons. The results showed that the concentration of PAF in the plasma of silicotic patients was significantly higher than that of healthy persons. Ourin vitro experimental results showed that the total numbers of fibroblasts were markedly raised with added PAF from 0 to 1 μ g/ml. Adding 1 μ g/ml PAF significantly increased the total numbers of fibroblasts after culture for 48, 72, 96 hrs. Therefore, we suggest that PAF be possibly involved in the pathogenesis of silicosis. However, the mechanism remains to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhang
- Institute of Hygiene, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, China,
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Yehualaeshet T, O'Connor R, Begleiter A, Murphy-Ullrich JE, Silverstein R, Khalil N. A CD36 synthetic peptide inhibits bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation and connective tissue synthesis in the rat. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2000; 23:204-12. [PMID: 10919987 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.23.2.4089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 is an important regulator of inflammation and fibrosis. TGF-beta1 is usually secreted as a biologically latent protein called latent TGF-beta1 (L-TGF-beta1). L-TGF-beta1 has no biologic effect unless L-TGF-beta1 is converted to its active form. Using a well-recognized model of lung injury induced by the antineoplastic antibiotic bleomycin (Blm), we demonstrated that 7 d after intratracheal Blm administration, total lung TGF-beta was maximally increased. This induction was due to TGF-beta1 production by alveolar macrophages that, when explanted, generated increased quantities of L-TGF-beta1 complexed with the glycoprotein thrombospondin (TSP)-1. The TSP-1/L-TGF-beta1 complex was associated with CD36, a receptor for TSP-1. The association of TSP-1/L-TGF-beta1 to CD36 was critical for plasmin-mediated release of mature TGF-beta1. In this paper we show that, compared with administration of Blm by itself, when a synthetic peptide of CD36 between amino acids 93 and 110 is given concomitantly with Blm to rats, alveolar macrophages generate markedly less active TGF-beta1, the rats gain weight more rapidly, and there is less inflammation, collagen I and III, and fibronectin synthesis. These findings demonstrate a novel in vivo mechanism of activation of L-TGF-beta1 in lung injury and the importance of alveolar macrophage- derived active TGF-beta1 in the pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yehualaeshet
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, and the Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Mannitoba, British Columbia, Canada
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Iyer SN, Margolin SB, Hyde DM, Giri SN. Lung fibrosis is ameliorated by pirfenidone fed in diet after the second dose in a three-dose bleomycin-hamster model. Exp Lung Res 1998; 24:119-32. [PMID: 9457473 DOI: 10.3109/01902149809046058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial lung fibrosis (ILF) is a life-threatening disease which has no known drug for prevention and cure. In the present study, we evaluated the antifibrotic potential of pirfenidone (PD) (5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(1H)-pyridone) in a three-dose bleomycin (BL)-hamster model of lung fibrosis. Hamsters were intratracheally (IT) instilled with three consecutive doses of bleomycin sulfate (2.5 U/kg/5mL, 2.0 U/kg/5mL, 1.5 U/kg/3.75 mL) or an equivalent volume of saline at weekly intervals. Hamsters were fed a diet after the second dose of BL containing 0.5% PD and hamsters in the control groups were fed the same diet without the drug. The four groups were saline-instilled fed control diet (SCD); saline-instilled fed the same diet containing PD (SPD); BL-instilled fed control diet (BCD); and BL-instilled fed the diet containing PD (BPD). Hamsters were sacrificed at 28 days after IT instillation of last dose of saline or BL and their lungs processed for various assays. Lung hydroxyproline, an index of fibrosis, in SCD, SPD, BCD and BPD were 830, 804, 1609, 1235 micrograms/lung, respectively. Lung prolyl hydroxylase activities in the SPD, BCD and BPD groups were 103%, 313%, 157% of the control SCD group (5.99 x 10(4) dpm/lung/30 min) respectively. Malondialdehyde equivalent levels and superoxide dismutase activity in the corresponding groups were 99, 79, 240 and 145 nmoles/lung and 412, 433, 538 and 410 units/lung respectively. Lung myeloperoxidase activities in the corresponding groups were 56%, 179%, and 116% of the control group (0.44 units/lung). It is concluded that PD is a novel antifibrotic drug that has therapeutic potential in arresting the progression of an ongoing fibrotic process in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Iyer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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Chen J, Giris N. Species differences in PAF receptor binding in the lungs between hamster and guinea pig. JOURNAL OF LIPID MEDIATORS AND CELL SIGNALLING 1997; 16:63-74. [PMID: 9172049 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-7855(97)00573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor in normal Golden Syrian hamster lung was characterized using radioligand binding studies and compared with guinea pig lung PAF receptor. [3H]WEB2086, a potent and specific PAF antagonist, was used as a radioligand for equilibrium binding, kinetic studies, competitive binding in receptor preparation (0-110000 g fraction of lung homogenate) from hamster and guinea pig lungs. Binding of [3H]WEB 2086 to the receptor preparation was saturable, reversible and specific in both hamster and guinea pig lungs. Scatchard plot analysis of equilibrium binding data indicates a single binding site in hamster lung with the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 66.1 +/- 36.7 nM (n = 4) and maximal binding (Bmax) of 135.4 +/- 63.1 fmol/mg, but two binding sites in guinea pig lung with a high affinity site (KD = 1.7 +/- 0.6 nM; Bmax = 48.6 +/- 2.6 fmol/mg) and a low affinity site (KD = 83.8 +/- 32 nM; Bmax = 480.8 +/- 158 fmol/mg). The heterogeneity of [3H]WEB2086 binding to guinea pig lung but not to hamster lung was also confirmed by dissociation kinetic studies, in which biphasic dissociation kinetic was shown in guinea pig and monophasic kinetic in hamster lung. Although the specific [3H]WEB 2086 binding to lungs of both species was displaced by PAF-C18 and antagonists L659989 and CL184005 in a dose-dependent manner and not by lyso-PAF (a biologically inactive form of PAF), the potencies of the competitive inhibition were significantly different between the two species. The relative potencies ranked WEB2086 approximately L659989 > PAF > CL184005 in hamster lung, whereas in guinea pig lung the potencies ranked PAF > WEB2086 approximately L659989 approximately CL184005. The present study demonstrates for the first time the existence of PAF receptor in the hamster lung and its binding characteristics different from guinea pig lung suggest the possible existence of different PAF receptor subtypes in hamster lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
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