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Vilaplana-Lopera N, Besh M, Moon EJ. Targeting Hypoxia: Revival of Old Remedies. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1604. [PMID: 34827602 PMCID: PMC8615589 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour hypoxia is significantly correlated with patient survival and treatment outcomes. At the molecular level, hypoxia is a major driving factor for tumour progression and aggressiveness. Despite the accumulative scientific and clinical efforts to target hypoxia, there is still a need to find specific treatments for tumour hypoxia. In this review, we discuss a variety of approaches to alter the low oxygen tumour microenvironment or hypoxia pathways including carbogen breathing, hyperthermia, hypoxia-activated prodrugs, tumour metabolism and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) inhibitors. The recent advances in technology and biological understanding reveal the importance of revisiting old therapeutic regimens and repurposing their uses clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eui Jung Moon
- Department of Oncology, MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 7DQ, UK; (N.V.-L.); (M.B.)
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Komen J, van Neerven SM, van den Berg A, Vermeulen L, van der Meer AD. Mimicking and surpassing the xenograft model with cancer-on-chip technology. EBioMedicine 2021; 66:103303. [PMID: 33773183 PMCID: PMC8024912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-chips are in vitro models in which human tissues are cultured in microfluidic compartments with a controlled, dynamic micro-environment. Specific organs-on-chips are being developed to mimic human tumors, but the validation of such 'cancer-on-chip' models for use in drug development is hampered by the complexity and variability of human tumors. An important step towards validation of cancer-on-chip technology could be to first mimic cancer xenograft models, which share multiple characteristics with human cancers but are significantly less complex. Here we review the relevant biological characteristics of a xenograft tumor and show that organ-on-chip technology is capable of mimicking many of these aspects. Actual comparisons between on-chip tumor growth and xenografts are promising but also demonstrate that further development and empirical validation is still needed. Validation of cancer-on-chip models to xenografts would not only represent an important milestone towards acceptance of cancer-on-chip technology, but could also improve drug discovery, personalized cancer medicine, and reduce animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job Komen
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Sanne M van Neerven
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andries D van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
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Mei X, ten Cate R, van Leeuwen CM, Rodermond HM, de Leeuw L, Dimitrakopoulou D, Stalpers LJA, Crezee J, Kok HP, Franken NAP, Oei AL. Radiosensitization by Hyperthermia: The Effects of Temperature, Sequence, and Time Interval in Cervical Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030582. [PMID: 32138173 PMCID: PMC7139900 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancers are almost exclusively caused by an infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). When patients suffering from cervical cancer have contraindications for chemoradiotherapy, radiotherapy combined with hyperthermia is a good treatment option. Radiation-induced DNA breaks can be repaired by nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). Hyperthermia can temporarily inactivate homologous recombination. Therefore, combining radiotherapy with hyperthermia can result in the persistence of more fatal radiation-induced DNA breaks. However, there is no consensus on the optimal sequence of radiotherapy and hyperthermia and the optimal time interval between these modalities. Moreover, the temperature of hyperthermia and HPV-type may also be important in radiosensitization by hyperthermia. In this study we thoroughly investigated the impact of different temperatures (37–42 °C), and the sequence of and time interval (0 up to 4 h) between ionizing radiation and hyperthermia on HPV16+: SiHa, Caski; HPV18+: HeLa, C4I; and HPV−: C33A, HT3 cervical cancer cell lines. Our results demonstrate that a short time interval between treatments caused more unrepaired DNA damages and more cell kill, especially at higher temperatures. Although hyperthermia before ionizing radiation may result in slightly more DNA damage, the sequence between hyperthermia and ionizing radiation yielded similar effects on cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xionge Mei
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.M.); (R.t.C.); (H.M.R.); (L.d.L.); (D.D.); (L.J.A.S.); (N.A.P.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.v.L.); (J.C.); (H.P.K.)
| | - Rosemarie ten Cate
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.M.); (R.t.C.); (H.M.R.); (L.d.L.); (D.D.); (L.J.A.S.); (N.A.P.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.v.L.); (J.C.); (H.P.K.)
| | - Caspar M. van Leeuwen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.v.L.); (J.C.); (H.P.K.)
| | - Hans M. Rodermond
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.M.); (R.t.C.); (H.M.R.); (L.d.L.); (D.D.); (L.J.A.S.); (N.A.P.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.v.L.); (J.C.); (H.P.K.)
| | - Lidewij de Leeuw
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.M.); (R.t.C.); (H.M.R.); (L.d.L.); (D.D.); (L.J.A.S.); (N.A.P.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.v.L.); (J.C.); (H.P.K.)
| | - Dionysia Dimitrakopoulou
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.M.); (R.t.C.); (H.M.R.); (L.d.L.); (D.D.); (L.J.A.S.); (N.A.P.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.v.L.); (J.C.); (H.P.K.)
| | - Lukas J. A. Stalpers
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.M.); (R.t.C.); (H.M.R.); (L.d.L.); (D.D.); (L.J.A.S.); (N.A.P.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.v.L.); (J.C.); (H.P.K.)
| | - Johannes Crezee
- Department of Radiotherapy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.v.L.); (J.C.); (H.P.K.)
| | - H. Petra Kok
- Department of Radiotherapy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.v.L.); (J.C.); (H.P.K.)
| | - Nicolaas A. P. Franken
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.M.); (R.t.C.); (H.M.R.); (L.d.L.); (D.D.); (L.J.A.S.); (N.A.P.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.v.L.); (J.C.); (H.P.K.)
| | - Arlene L. Oei
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.M.); (R.t.C.); (H.M.R.); (L.d.L.); (D.D.); (L.J.A.S.); (N.A.P.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.v.L.); (J.C.); (H.P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-205-663-641
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