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Huang Y, Ten W, Zhan B, Shen Y, Sun B, Xu H, Zhou X. Autostereoscopic 3D viewing can change the dimensions of the crystalline lens in myopes. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:1309-1318. [PMID: 38980219 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autostereoscopic displays have become increasingly common, but their impact on ocular dimensions remains unknown. We sought to identify changes in the crystalline lens dimensions induced by autostereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) viewing. METHODS Forty young adults (age: 22.6 ± 2.0 years, male/female: 15/25) were consecutively enrolled and randomly divided into two groups (3D and two-dimensional [2D] viewing groups) to watch a 30-min movie clip displayed in 3D or 2D mode on a tablet computer. The lens thickness (LT), diameter, curvature, decentration and tilt were measured with anterior segment optical coherence tomography under both non-accommodating (static) and accommodating conditions. RESULTS In the static condition, the LT decreased by 0.03 ± 0.03 mm (p < 0.001) and the anterior radius of curvature (ARC) increased by 0.49 ± 0.59 mm (p = 0.001) post-3D viewing. In contrast, following 2D viewing, the ARC decreased by 0.23 ± 0.25 mm (p = 0.001). Additionally, the increase in the steep ARC post-3D viewing was greater in high-myopic eyes than low to moderate myopic eyes (p = 0.04). When comparing the accommodative with the static (non-accommodative) condition, for 3D viewing the lens decentration decreased (-0.03 ± 0.05 mm, p = 0.02); while for 2D viewing, the posterior curvature radius (-0.14 ± 0.20 mm, p = 0.006) and diameter (-0.13 ± 0.20 mm, p = 0.01) decreased. CONCLUSIONS Viewing with the autostereoscopic 3D tablet could temporally decrease the thickness and curvature of the lens under non-accommodating conditions. However, its long-term effect requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyi Huang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Centre of Ophthalmology and Optometry
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care
| | - Weijung Ten
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Centre of Ophthalmology and Optometry
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care
| | - Biyun Zhan
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Centre of Ophthalmology and Optometry
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care
| | - Yang Shen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Centre of Ophthalmology and Optometry
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care
| | - Bingqing Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Centre of Ophthalmology and Optometry
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care
| | - Haipeng Xu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Centre of Ophthalmology and Optometry
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Centre of Ophthalmology and Optometry
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care
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Zhang G, Jiang J, Wei Q, Qu C. Effects of accommodation on geometrical parameters of human lens: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29298. [PMID: 38681553 PMCID: PMC11053204 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of accommodation on the geometrical parameters of human lens. Methods Eight databases from inception to November 2023 were used for the literature search: CNKI, CBM, VIP, Wan-Fang, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. The Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies was used to assess the risk of bias. The PRISMA were followed and the following outcomes were taken into consideration: lens diameter (LD), lens thickness (LT), anterior curvature radius (ACR), posterior curvature radius (PCR), lens center position (LCP), and total cross-sectional area (TCSA). This systematic review was registered on an international platform for registered systematic reviews and meta-analysis (INPLASY202260085). Results A total of 19 studies were included. LT increased by 0.04 mm/D (18 studies; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.06; I2 = 96.6%; P < 0.001). At the same time, LD, ACR, and PCR decreased by 0.06 mm/D (6 studies; 95%CI, -0.07-0.05; I2 = 50.1%; P < 0.001), 0.53 mm/D (8 studies; 95%CI, -0.64-0.41; I2 = 96.5%; P < 0.001), and 0.14 mm/D (9 studies; 95%CI, -0.19-0.09; I2 = 94.7%; P < 0.001) during accommodation, respectively. Moreover, LCP shifted forward by 0.01 mm/D (3 studies; 95%CI, -0.02-0.00; I2 = 0.0%; P < 0.001), and TCSA by 0.58 mm2/D (2 studies; 95%CI, 0.41-1.57; I2 = 97.0%; P = 0.457) during accommodation. Conclusions Changes in LT, LD, ACR, PCR and LCP supported Helmholtz's theory. Different apparatuses or measurement methods influenced the measurement of lens geometrical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, CN 611731, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, CN 611731, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, No. 32 of the West 2nd Section of First Ring Road, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, CN 611731, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, CN 611731, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, No. 32 of the West 2nd Section of First Ring Road, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Southwest Medical University, No. 319, Section 3, Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chao Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, CN 611731, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, CN 611731, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, No. 32 of the West 2nd Section of First Ring Road, Chengdu 610072, China
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Avetisov SE, Shitikova AV, Avetisov KS. [Anatomical, morphological and biomechanical aspects of accommodation]. Vestn Oftalmol 2022; 138:117-125. [PMID: 36004600 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2022138041117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The article reviews the findings on the anatomy, morphological and biomechanical features of the accommodation apparatus. Modern methods of imaging and biometry confirm the validity of the Helmholtz lenticular theory of accommodation, according to which its mechanism involves three main components: the ciliary body, the zonular fibres and the lens capsule, the lens itself. Based on this, there is certain interest in studying the degree of participation of each of these components in the development of age-related changes in accommodation (presbyopia).
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Avetisov
- Research Institute of Eye Disease, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - K S Avetisov
- Research Institute of Eye Disease, Moscow, Russia
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Mitsukawa T, Suzuki Y, Momota Y, Suzuki S, Yamada M. Effects of 0.01% Atropine Instillation Assessed Using Swept-Source Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194384. [PMID: 34640402 PMCID: PMC8509630 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we assessed the short-term effects of 0.01% atropine eye drops on anterior segment parameters by performing ocular biometry using a swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography system (AS-OCT). We recruited 17 healthy volunteers (10 men and 7 women aged 24–35 years) with no history of eye disease. Participants without accommodative demand demonstrated significant mydriasis 1 h after the atropine instillation (4.58 ± 0.77 to 5.41 ± 0.83 mm). Pupil diameters with a 5 diopter (D) accommodative stimulus at 1 h (4.70 ± 1.13 mm) and 24 h (4.05 ± 1.06 mm) after atropine instillation were significantly larger than those at baseline (3.71 ± 0.84 mm). Barring pupil diameter, no other biometric parameters significantly changed at any point in time after atropine instillation without accommodative demand. However, with an accommodative stimulus, anterior chamber depth (ACD) at 1 h and posterior curvature of the lens at 1 and 24 h were both significantly larger than those before atropine instillation. Using AS-OCT, we detected a slight decrease in the accommodation response of ocular biometric components evoked by 0.01% atropine instillation. Morphologically, our measurements suggested a change in the ACD and horizontal radius of the lens’ posterior surface curvatures due to the subtle reduction of accommodation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yumi Suzuki
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-422-47-5511; Fax: +81-422-46-9309
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Lee ST, Park SJ, Kang YK, Shin JP, Kim DW, Park DH. Changes in Iridocorneal Angle Configuration and Intraocular Pressure during Smartphone Use under Room Light. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2021.62.9.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and iridocorneal angle (ICA) configuration during smartphone use under room light. Methods: We included healthy adults aged 19-35 years with no ophthalmological abnormalities. All read text on a smartphone for 6 minutes under room light. IOP was measured via rebound tonometry at baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 minutes. ICA images were obtained via anterior segment optical coherence tomography after each IOP measurement. After 6 minutes, participants stopped reading text and rested for 2 minutes. IOP was then measured again. Results: The IOP significantly increased at 2, 4, and 6 minutes of reading compared to baseline (<i>p</i> < 0.001) but recovered to baseline after 2 minutes of rest (<i>p</i> = 1.000). The anterior chamber depth decreased significantly, and the anterior chamber angle width increased after 6 minutes of smartphone reading (both <i>p</i> < 0.05). Conclusions: IOP increased when reading smartphone text under room light but the ICA did not change. Prolonged smartphone reading is inappropriate for a patient at risk of glaucoma or glaucoma progression. Such patients should be cautioned.
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Chen Z, Li T, Li M, Xu Y, Zhou X. Effect of Tropicamide on crystalline Lens rise in low-to-moderate myopic eyes. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:327. [PMID: 32778077 PMCID: PMC7418382 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cycloplegics have been reported to induce changes in the lens thickness. However, the studies of correlation between cycloplegia and the lens position are limited. This study aims to investigate changes in crystalline lens rise (CLR) and other anterior segment parameters after inducing cycloplegia with tropicamide. Methods In this consecutive case study, 39 children (20 boys and 19 girls; mean age, 9.51 ± 1.75 years, mean spherical equivalence [SE], − 1.9 ± 1.5 D) with low-to moderate myopia were examined using CASIA 2 both before and after 30 min of administering 5-cycles (each 5 min apart) of 0.5% tropicamide. Measurements included CLR, crystalline lens thickness (CLT), mean radius of curvature of the anterior/posterior surface of the lens (Rf_ave/Rb_ave), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber width (ACW), and central corneal thickness (CCT). Correlations of CLT and CLR with ACD, SE, and age were assessed respectively. Results CLT and CLR decreased significantly after cycloplegia (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively); whereas CCT, ACD, and Rf_ave increased (p = 0.008, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). A positive correlation was found between CLR and SE (r = 0.565, p < 0.001). However, a negative correlation between ACD and CLR was found before and after cycloplegia (r = − 0.430, p = 0.006; r = − 0.342, p = 0.035, respectively). Conclusions The crystalline lens appeared thinner and moved backward after cycloplegia. ACD increased mainly due to the backward movement of the crystalline lens. These results aid in elucidating the impact of crystalline lens changes during the process of accommodation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyi Chen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiyan Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China.
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Mitsukawa T, Suzuki Y, Momota Y, Suzuki S, Yamada M. Anterior Segment Biometry During Accommodation and Effects of Cycloplegics by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:1237-1243. [PMID: 32440090 PMCID: PMC7213076 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s252474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We analyzed changes in the crystalline lens during accommodation and the effects of cycloplegics by swept-source anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Materials and Methods Twenty healthy volunteers (7 males and 13 females, aged 22–34 years), with no history of eye disease except for refractive errors, were recruited. Biometric parameters, including anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and anterior and posterior curvature of the lens (ACL and PCL), were measured using AS-OCT (CASIA2). The measurements were performed with or without an accommodative demand of 5.0 diopters (D). The same tests were repeated following the topical administration of 1% cyclopentolate or a compounding agent comprising 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine. Results The AS-OCT system was capable of simultaneous visualization of all optical components of the anterior segment in a single frame. ACD, LAC, and LPC decreased and LT increased significantly during 5.0 D accommodative stimulation in both eyes. Both cyclopentolate and tropicamide/phenylephrine eyedrops led to deeper ACD, thinner LT, and flatter LAC. There were no significant differences in all lens parameters despite having 5.0 D accommodative stimulation in both eyes with cycloplegia. Conclusion Our results suggest that both tropicamide/phenylephrine and cyclopentolate eyedrops have enough cycloplegic effects in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Mitsukawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yumi Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yosuke Momota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Shun Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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Shoji T, Kato N, Ishikawa S, Ibuki H, Yamada N, Kimura I, Shinoda K. Association between axial length and in vivo human crystalline lens biometry during accommodation: a swept-source optical coherence tomography study. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2019; 64:93-101. [DOI: 10.1007/s10384-019-00700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Repeatability assessment of anterior segment biometric measurements under accommodative and nonaccommodative conditions using an anterior segment OCT. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 256:113-123. [PMID: 29098383 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE As accommodation is a dynamic process changing anterior ocular structures, we aim to compare the repeatability between the biometric measurements taken with and without accommodation. METHODS Thirty healthy right eyes were measured in a baseline and an accommodative state using Visante-OCT. Three repeated measurements were taken to obtain central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle-to-angle distance (ATA), iridocorneal angles (IA), and crystalline lens thickness (LT). Repeatability was evaluated by the calculation of coefficient of repeatability (CoR), coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). In addition, the Passing-Bablok regression method was applied. RESULTS For the nonaccommodative state, the CoR for CCT, ACD, ATA, and LT was 20.02 μm, 0.09 mm, 0.25 mm, and 0.12 mm respectively. The CoR for CCT, ACD, ATA, and LT in the 6D-accommodative state was 20.85 μm, 0.08 mm, 0.26 mm, and 0.14 mm respectively. IA had similar results for both states; the CoR ranged between 3 and 4°, CoV was less than 4%, and the ICC was between 0.984-0.988. There were no significant differences between the three repeated measurements for any measurement. CONCLUSIONS Visante-OCT provides good repeatability for anterior segment measurements for both accommodative and nonaccommodative states.
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Semiautomatic procedure to assess changes in the eye accommodative system. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:2451-2462. [PMID: 29075940 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate a new semiautomatic procedure to assess in vivo changes in the crystalline lens and ciliary muscle during accommodation. METHODS A total of 14 subjects were divided into two groups, young (aged between 20 and 25 years) and adult (aged between 35 and 40 years), and measured with an anterior segment optical coherence tomography. A semiautomatic procedure was implemented to measure the central lens thickness (CLT), anterior lens radius (ALR) and the ciliary muscle area (CMA) for the unaccommodated eye and for a vergence of - 3.00 D. RESULTS The CLT increase for each population group was smaller than 5%, and the dispersion of each group was similar between them. Contrariwise, the reduction in the ALR was about 30% for both groups, although the young one showed the largest variability. The CMA increase was smaller than 30% for both groups, and the dispersion was similar between them. For each metric, differences between both groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The semiautomatic procedure seems to be useful for the in vivo analysis of the accommodative system. Additionally, the results obtained showed that changes in the CLT were much smaller compared to those obtained for the ALR or CMA.
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Esteve-Taboada JJ, Domínguez-Vicent A, Monsálvez-Romín D, Del Águila-Carrasco AJ, Montés-Micó R. Non-invasive measurements of the dynamic changes in the ciliary muscle, crystalline lens morphology, and anterior chamber during accommodation with a high-resolution OCT. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 255:1385-1394. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Fan S, Sun Y, Yang X, Dai C, Ren Q, Zheng H, Zhou C. Whole eye segment imaging and measurement with dual-channel spectral-domain OCT. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2015; 46:186-94. [PMID: 25707043 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20150213-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To image and measure whole eye segments using dual-channel spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to compare the results with those from the IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty eyes of 20 volunteers were recruited. Ocular dimensions, including cornea thickness, anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness, anterior lens surface curvature, and axial length (AL), were calculated. The reproducibility of SD-OCT measurements, statistical significance of inter-instrument difference, correlation, and agreement were evaluated. RESULTS No significant differences were found between independent SD-OCT measurements (P > .05). The ACD and AL measured with IOLMaster were significantly shorter than those from SD-OCT (P < .001). There were high correlations and agreements in ACD (r = 0.994; 95% limits of agreement [LOA], 0.131-0.223 mm) and AL (r = 0.998; 95% LOA, 0.678-0.853 mm) between the two methods. CONCLUSION Dual-channel SD-OCT was demonstrated to have good repeatability in imaging and measuring whole eye segments. The results had high correlations and agreements with those from the IOLMaster.
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Responses of the Ocular Anterior Segment and Refraction to 0.5% Tropicamide in Chinese School-Aged Children of Myopia, Emmetropia, and Hyperopia. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015:612728. [PMID: 26457196 PMCID: PMC4592723 DOI: 10.1155/2015/612728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To investigate the changes of anterior segment after cycloplegia and estimate the association of such changes with the changes of refraction in Chinese school-aged children of myopia, emmetropia, and hyperopia.
Methods. 309 children were recruited and eligible subjects were assigned to three groups: hyperopia, emmetropia, or myopia. Cycloplegia was achieved with five cycles of 0.5% tropicamide. The Pentacam system was used to measure the parameters of interest before and after cycloplegia. Results. In the myopic group, the lenses were thinner and the lens position was significantly more posterior than that of the emmetropic and hyperopic groups in the cycloplegic status. The correlations between refraction and lens thickness (age adjusted; r = 0.26, P < 0.01), and lens position (age adjusted; r = −0.31, P < 0.01) were found. After cycloplegia, ACD and ACV significantly increased, while ACA significantly decreased. Changes in refraction, ACD, ACV, and ACA were significantly different among the three groups (P < 0.05, all). Changes of refraction were correlated with changes of ACD (r = 0.41, P < 0.01). Conclusions. Myopia presented thinner lenses and smaller changes of anterior segment and refraction after cycloplegia when compared to emmetropia and hyperopia. Changes of anterior chamber depth were correlated with refraction changes. This may contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between anterior segment and myopia.
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Ramasubramanian V, Glasser A. Objective measurement of accommodative biometric changes using ultrasound biomicroscopy. J Cataract Refract Surg 2015; 41:511-26. [PMID: 25804579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate that ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) can be used for objective quantitative measurements of anterior segment accommodative changes. SETTING College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA. DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional study. METHODS Anterior segment biometric changes in response to 0 to 6.0 diopters (D) of accommodative stimuli in 1.0 D steps were measured in eyes of human subjects aged 21 to 36 years. Imaging was performed in the left eye using a 35 MHz UBM (Vumax) and an A-scan ultrasound (A-5500) while the right eye viewed the accommodative stimuli. An automated Matlab image-analysis program was developed to measure the biometry parameters from the UBM images. RESULTS The UBM-measured accommodative changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness, anterior lens radius of curvature, posterior lens radius of curvature, and anterior segment length were statistically significantly linearly correlated with accommodative stimulus demands. Standard deviations of the UBM-measured parameters were independent of the accommodative stimulus demands (ACD: 0.0176 mm; lens thickness: 0.0294 mm; anterior lens radius of curvature: 0.3350 mm; posterior lens radius of curvature: 0.1580 mm; and anterior segment length: 0.0340 mm). The mean difference between the A-scan and UBM measurements was -0.070 mm for ACD and 0.166 mm for lens thickness. CONCLUSIONS Accommodating phakic eyes imaged using UBM allowed visualization of the accommodative response, and automated image analysis of the UBM images allowed reliable, objective, quantitative measurements of the accommodative intraocular biometric changes. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE Neither author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Glasser
- From the College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Fan S, Li L, Li Q, Dai C, Ren Q, Jiao S, Zhou C. Dual band dual focus optical coherence tomography for imaging the whole eye segment. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:2481-2493. [PMID: 26203375 PMCID: PMC4505703 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We developed an improved dual band dual focus spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for in vivo 2D/3D imaging of the whole eye segment, including the whole anterior segment and retina. The system featured two OCT channels with two different bands centered at 840 nm and 1050 nm, which were designed to image the retina and the anterior segments of the eye, respectively. By combing the two probe light beams for co-axial scanning and separating them for focusing at different segments of the eye with a combination of three dichroic mirrors, we not only minimized the loss of the backscattered light from the sample but also improved the imaging depth, scan range and resolution. The full resolved complex (FRC) method was applied to double the imaging depth for the whole anterior segment imaging, with which an imaging depth of 36.71 mm in air was achieved. We demonstrated that this system was capable of measuring the dynamic changes of ocular dimensions, including the asphericity of the cornea and lens, during accommodation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhui Fan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Cuixia Dai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qiushi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuliang Jiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Chuanqing Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Fan S, Sun Y, Dai C, Zheng H, Ren Q, Jiao S, Zhou C. Accommodation-induced variations in retinal thickness measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:96012. [PMID: 25233144 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.9.096012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To research retinal stretching or distortion with accommodation, accommodation-induced changes in retinal thickness (RT) in the macular area were investigated in a population of young adults (n = 23) by using a dual-channel spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system manufactured in-house for this study. This dual-channel SD-OCT is capable of imaging the cornea and retina simultaneously with an imaging speed of 24 kHz A-line scan rate, which can provide the anatomical dimensions of the eye, including the RT and axial length. Thus, the modification of the RT with accommodation can be calculated. A significant decrease in the RT (13.50 ± 1.25 μm) was observed during maximum accommodation. In the 4 mm × 4 mm macular area centered at the fovea, we did not find a significant quadrant-dependent difference in retinal volume change, which indicates that neither retinal stretching nor distortion was quadrant-dependent during accommodation. We speculate that the changes in RT with maximum accommodation resulted from accommodation-induced ciliary muscle contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhui Fan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cuixia Dai
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haihua Zheng
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Department of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qiushi Ren
- Peking University, College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuliang Jiao
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Chuanqing Zhou
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
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