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Buick E, Mead A, Alhubaysh A, Bou Assi P, Das P, Dayus J, Turner M, Kowalski L, Murray J, Renshaw D, Farnaud S. CellShip: An Ambient Temperature Transport and Short-Term Storage Medium for Mammalian Cell Cultures. Biopreserv Biobank 2024; 22:275-285. [PMID: 38150708 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2023.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell culture is a critical platform for numerous research and industrial processes. However, methods for transporting cells are largely limited to cryopreservation, which is logistically challenging, requires the use of potentially cytotoxic cryopreservatives, and can result in poor cell recovery. Development of a transport media that can be used at ambient temperatures would alleviate these issues. In this study, we describe a novel transportation medium for mammalian cells. Five commonly used cell lines, (HEK293, CHO, HepG2, K562, and Jurkat) were successfully shipped and stored for a minimum of 72 hours and up to 96 hours at ambient temperature, after which, cells were recovered into standard culture conditions. Viability (%) and cell numbers, were examined, before, following the transport/storage period and following the recovery period. In all experiments, cell numbers returned to pretransport/storage concentration within 24-48 hours recovery. Imaging data indicated that HepG2 cells were fully adherent and had established typical growth morphology following 48 hours recovery, which was not seen in cells recovered from cryopreservation. Following recovery, Jurkat cells that had been subjected to a 96 hours transport/storage period, demonstrated a 1.93-fold increase compared with the starting cell number with >95% cell viability. We conclude that CellShip® may represent a viable method for the transportation of mammalian cells for multiple downstream applications in the Life Sciences research sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Buick
- Life Science Production, Bedford, United Kingdom
- Center of Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Mead
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College (RVC), London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Parijat Das
- Life Science Production, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - James Dayus
- Center of Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Turner
- Center of Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Lukasz Kowalski
- Life Science Production, Bedford, United Kingdom
- Center of Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Murray
- Life Science Production, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Center of Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Farnaud
- Center of Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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2
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Khan AZ, Utheim TP, Jackson CJ, Tønseth KA, Eidet JR. Concise Review: Considering Optimal Temperature for Short-Term Storage of Epithelial Cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:686774. [PMID: 34485330 PMCID: PMC8416270 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.686774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of novel tissue-engineered products using cultured epithelial cells is gaining significant interest. While such treatments can readily be provided at centralized medical centers, delivery to patients at geographically remote locations requires the establishment of suitable storage protocols. One important aspect of storage technology is temperature. This paper reviews storage temperature for above-freezing point storage of human epithelial cells for regenerative medicine purposes. The literature search uncovered publications on epidermal cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, conjunctival epithelial cells, corneal/limbal epithelial cells, oral keratinocytes, and seminiferous epithelial cells. The following general patterns were noted: (1) Several studies across different cell types inclined toward 4 and 16°C being suitable short-term storage temperatures. Correspondingly, almost all studies investigating 37°C concluded that this storage temperature was suboptimal. (2) Cell death typically escalates rapidly following 7–10 days of storage. (3) The importance of the type of storage medium and its composition was highlighted by some of the studies; however, the relative importance of storage medium vs. storage temperature has not been investigated systematically. Although a direct comparison between the included investigations is not reasonable due to differences in cell types, storage media, and storage duration, this review provides an overview, summarizing the work carried out on each cell type during the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyad Zartasht Khan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Surgery, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine Joan Jackson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Ifocus Eye Clinic, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Kim Alexander Tønseth
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Roger Eidet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Aermes C, Hayn A, Fischer T, Mierke CT. Cell mechanical properties of human breast carcinoma cells depend on temperature. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10771. [PMID: 34031462 PMCID: PMC8144563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of cell mechanics is required to understand cellular processes and functions, such as the movement of cells, and the development of tissue engineering in cancer therapy. Cell mechanical properties depend on a variety of factors, such as cellular environments, and may also rely on external factors, such as the ambient temperature. The impact of temperature on cell mechanics is not clearly understood. To explore the effect of temperature on cell mechanics, we employed magnetic tweezers to apply a force of 1 nN to 4.5 µm superparamagnetic beads. The beads were coated with fibronectin and coupled to human epithelial breast cancer cells, in particular MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Cells were measured in a temperature range between 25 and 45 °C. The creep response of both cell types followed a weak power law. At all temperatures, the MDA-MB-231 cells were pronouncedly softer compared to the MCF-7 cells, whereas their fluidity was increased. However, with increasing temperature, the cells became significantly softer and more fluid. Since mechanical properties are manifested in the cell's cytoskeletal structure and the paramagnetic beads are coupled through cell surface receptors linked to cytoskeletal structures, such as actin and myosin filaments as well as microtubules, the cells were probed with pharmacological drugs impacting the actin filament polymerization, such as Latrunculin A, the myosin filaments, such as Blebbistatin, and the microtubules, such as Demecolcine, during the magnetic tweezer measurements in the specific temperature range. Irrespective of pharmacological interventions, the creep response of cells followed a weak power law at all temperatures. Inhibition of the actin polymerization resulted in increased softness in both cell types and decreased fluidity exclusively in MDA-MB-231 cells. Blebbistatin had an effect on the compliance of MDA-MB-231 cells at lower temperatures, which was minor on the compliance MCF-7 cells. Microtubule inhibition affected the fluidity of MCF-7 cells but did not have a significant effect on the compliance of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In summary, with increasing temperature, the cells became significant softer with specific differences between the investigated drugs and cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Aermes
- Biological Physics Division, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Hayn
- Biological Physics Division, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tony Fischer
- Biological Physics Division, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Biological Physics Division, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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4
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Yazdani M, Shahdadfar A, Reppe S, Sapkota D, Vallenari EM, Lako M, Connon CJ, Figueiredo FC, Utheim TP. Response of human oral mucosal epithelial cells to different storage temperatures: A structural and transcriptional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243914. [PMID: 33326470 PMCID: PMC7744058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Seeking to improve the access to regenerative medicine, this study investigated the structural and transcriptional effects of storage temperature on human oral mucosal epithelial cells (OMECs). METHODS Cells were stored at four different temperatures (4°C, 12°C, 24°C and 37°C) for two weeks. Then, the morphology, cell viability and differential gene expression were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy, trypan blue exclusion test and TaqMan gene expression array cards, respectively. RESULTS Cells stored at 4°C had the most similar morphology to non-stored controls with the highest viability rate (58%), whereas the 37°C group was most dissimilar with no living cells. The genes involved in stress-induced growth arrest (GADD45B) and cell proliferation inhibition (TGFB2) were upregulated at 12°C and 24°C. Upregulation was also observed in multifunctional genes responsible for morphology, growth, adhesion and motility such as EFEMP1 (12°C) and EPHA4 (4°C-24°C). Among genes used as differentiation markers, PPARA and TP53 (along with its associated gene CDKN1A) were downregulated in all temperature conditions, whereas KRT1 and KRT10 were either unchanged (4°C) or downregulated (24°C and 12°C; and 24°C, respectively), except for upregulation at 12°C for KRT1. CONCLUSIONS Cells stored at 12°C and 24°C were stressed, although the expression levels of some adhesion-, growth- and apoptosis-related genes were favourable. Collectively, this study suggests that 4°C is the optimal storage temperature for maintenance of structure, viability and function of OMECs after two weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aboulghassem Shahdadfar
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dipak Sapkota
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Evan M. Vallenari
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Bioscience West Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Che J. Connon
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Bioscience West Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco C. Figueiredo
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Bioscience West Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary & Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway
- Department of Computer Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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5
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The Effects of Prolonged Storage on ARPE-19 Cells Stored at Three Different Storage Temperatures. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245809. [PMID: 33317020 PMCID: PMC7763992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate how prolonged storage of adult retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cell sheets affects cell metabolism, morphology, viability, and phenotype. ARPE-19 cell sheets were stored at three temperatures (4 °C, 16 °C, and 37 °C) for three weeks. Metabolic status and morphology of the cells were monitored by sampling medium and examining cells by phase-contrast microscopy, respectively, throughout the storage period. Cell viability was analyzed by flow cytometry, and phenotype was determined by epifluorescence microscopy after the storage. Lactate production and glucose consumption increased heavily, while pH dropped considerably, through storage at 37 °C compared to 4 °C and 16 °C. During storage, morphology started to deteriorate first at 4 °C, then at 37 °C, and was maintained the longest at 16 °C. Viability of the cells after three weeks of storage was best preserved at 16 °C, while cells stored at 4 °C and 37 °C had reduced viability. Dedifferentiation indicated by reduced expression of retinal pigment epithelium-specific protein 65 (RPE65), zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1), and occludin after three weeks of storage was noticed in all experimental groups compared to control. We conclude that storage temperature affects the metabolic status of ARPE-19 cells and that 16 °C reduces metabolic activity while protecting viability and morphology.
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Effect of Sperm Concentration and Storage Temperature on Goat Spermatozoa during Liquid Storage. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090300. [PMID: 32961716 PMCID: PMC7564667 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of cooled semen is relatively common in goats. There are a number of advantages of cooled semen doses, including easier handling of artificial insemination (AI) doses, transport, more AI doses per ejaculate, and higher fertility rates in comparison with frozen AI doses. However, cooled semen has a short shelf life. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of temperature and sperm concentration on the in vitro sperm quality during liquid storage for 48 h, including sperm motility and kinetics, response to oxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and DNA fragmentation in goats. Three experiments were performed. In the first, the effects of liquid preservation of semen at different temperatures (5 °C or 17 °C), durations (0, 24 and 48 h) and sperm concentrations (250 × 106 sperm/mL (1:2 dilution rate), 166.7 × 106 sperm/mL (1:3 dilution rate) or 50 × 106 sperm/mL (1:10 dilution rate)) on sperm motility and kinetics were studied. In the second experiment, the effect of temperature, sperm washing and concentration on sperm motility and DNA fragmentation was studied. Finally, the effect of sperm concentration and duration of storage at 5 °C on sperm motility, response to oxidative stress and MMP was examined. We found that refrigerated liquid storage of goat sperm impaired sperm quality, such as motility, MMP and response to oxidation, as storage time increased; however, sperm DNA fragmentation index was not significantly affected. Liquid storage at 5 °C preserved higher total motility than at 17 °C. Moreover, we observed that the reduction of sperm concentration below 500 × 106 sperm/mL did not seem to improve the quality of spermatozoa conserved in milk-based extender in the conditions tested.
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7
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Kitahata S, Tanaka Y, Hori K, Kime C, Sugita S, Ueda H, Takahashi M. Critical Functionality Effects from Storage Temperature on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Suspensions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2891. [PMID: 30814559 PMCID: PMC6393435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived retinal pigment epithelium (hiPSC-RPE) cells suspension have the potential for regenerative treatment. However, practical regenerative applications with hiPSC-RPE cells require the development of simple and cost-effective non-freezing preservation methods. We investigated the effect of non-freezing temperatures on suspended hiPSC-RPE cells in various conditions and analysed mechanisms of cell death, anoikis, Rho GTPases, hypoxia, microtubule destruction, and cell metabolism. Cells stored at 37 °C had the lowest viability due to hypoxia from high cell metabolism and cell deposits, and cells preserved at 4 °C were damaged via microtubule fragility. Cell suspensions at 16 °C were optimal with drastically reduced apoptosis and negligible necrosis. Moreover, surviving cells proliferated and secreted key proteins normally, compared to cells without preservation. hiPSC-RPE cell suspensions were optimally preserved at 16 °C. Temperatures above or below the optimal temperature decreased cell viability significantly yet differentially by mechanisms of cell death, cellular metabolism, microtubule destruction, and oxygen tension, all relevant to cell conditions. Surviving cells are expected to function as grafts where high cell death is often reported. This study provides new insight into various non-freezing temperature effects on hiPSC-RPE cells that are highly relevant to clinical applications and may improve cooperation between laboratories and hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kitahata
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Application Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan. .,Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Kanji Hori
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Cody Kime
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Sunao Sugita
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Kobe City Eye Hospital Research Center, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Kobe City Eye Hospital Research Center, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
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8
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Optimization of Storage Temperature for Retention of Undifferentiated Cell Character of Cultured Human Epidermal Cell Sheets. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8206. [PMID: 28811665 PMCID: PMC5557837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured epidermal cell sheets (CES) containing undifferentiated cells are useful for treating skin burns and have potential for regenerative treatment of other types of epithelial injuries. The undifferentiated phenotype is therefore important for success in both applications. This study aimed to optimize a method for one-week storage of CES for their widespread distribution and use in regenerative medicine. The effect of storage temperatures 4 °C, 8 °C, 12 °C, 16 °C, and 24 °C on CES was evaluated. Analyses included assessment of viability, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), membrane damage, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity, morphology, phenotype and cytokine secretion into storage buffer. Lowest cell viability was seen at 4 °C. Compared to non-stored cells, ABCG2 expression increased between temperatures 8–16 °C. At 24 °C, reduced ABCG2 expression coincided with increased mitochondrial ROS, as well as increased differentiation, cell death and mtDNA damage. P63, C/EBPδ, CK10 and involucrin fluorescence combined with morphology observations supported retention of undifferentiated cell phenotype at 12 °C, transition to differentiation at 16 °C, and increased differentiation at 24 °C. Several cytokines relevant to healing were upregulated during storage. Importantly, cells stored at 12 °C showed similar viability and undifferentiated phenotype as the non-stored control suggesting that this temperature may be ideal for storage of CES.
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9
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Mittal R, Lisi CV, Kumari H, Grati M, Blackwelder P, Yan D, Jain C, Mathee K, Weckwerth PH, Liu XZ. Otopathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enters and Survives Inside Macrophages. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1828. [PMID: 27917157 PMCID: PMC5114284 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is a broad term describing a group of infectious and inflammatory disorders of the middle ear. Despite antibiotic therapy, acute OM can progress to chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) characterized by ear drum perforation and purulent discharge. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen associated with CSOM. Although, macrophages play an important role in innate immune responses but their role in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa-induced CSOM is not known. The objective of this study is to examine the interaction of P. aeruginosa with primary macrophages. We observed that P. aeruginosa enters and multiplies inside human and mouse primary macrophages. This bacterial entry in macrophages requires both microtubule and actin dependent processes. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that P. aeruginosa was present in membrane bound vesicles inside macrophages. Interestingly, deletion of oprF expression in P. aeruginosa abrogates its ability to survive inside macrophages. Our results suggest that otopathogenic P. aeruginosa entry and survival inside macrophages is OprF-dependent. The survival of bacteria inside macrophages will lead to evasion of killing and this lack of pathogen clearance by phagocytes contributes to the persistence of infection in CSOM. Understanding host-pathogen interaction will provide novel avenues to design effective treatment modalities against OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami FL, USA
| | - Christopher V Lisi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami FL, USA
| | - Hansi Kumari
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami FL, USA
| | - M'hamed Grati
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami FL, USA
| | - Patricia Blackwelder
- Chemistry Department, Center for Advanced Microscopy, University of Miami, Coral GablesFL, USA; Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Key BiscayneFL, USA
| | - Denise Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami FL, USA
| | - Chaitanya Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami FL, USA
| | - Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, MiamiFL, USA; Global Health Consortium and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, MiamiFL, USA
| | - Paulo H Weckwerth
- Health Sciences Department, University of Sagrado Coração Bauru, Brazil
| | - Xue Z Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami FL, USA
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10
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Pasovic L, Eidet JR, Olstad OK, Chen DF, Lyberg T, Utheim TP. Impact of Storage Temperature on the Expression of Cell Survival Genes in Cultured ARPE-19 Cells. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:134-144. [PMID: 27259952 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2016.1145236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of a suitable storage method for retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is necessary in the establishment of future RPE replacement therapy, and storage temperature has proven to be pivotal for cell survival. ARPE-19, a widely used model for RPE, has been shown to yield the greatest number of viable cells when stored at 16°C compared to other storage temperatures. In this study, we analyze the gene expression profile of cultured ARPE-19 cells after seven days of storage at different temperatures in an effort to predict the gene-level consequences of storage of RPE transplants. MATERIALS AND METHODS ARPE-19 cells were cultured until confluence and then stored in minimum essential medium at 4°C, 16°C, and 37°C for seven days. The total RNA was isolated and the gene expression profile was determined using DNA microarrays. The Results were validated using qPCR. RESULTS Principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses show that the gene expression profiles of cell cultures stored at different temperatures cluster into separate groups. Cultures stored at 4°C cluster closest to the control cultures that were not stored and display the least change in gene expression after storage (157 differentially expressed genes). Cultures stored at 16°C and 37°C display a much larger change in differential gene expression (1787 and 1357 differentially expressed genes, respectively). At 16°C, the expression of several genes with proposed tumor suppressor functions was markedly increased. Changes in regulation of several known signaling pathways and of oxidative stress markers were discovered at both 16°C and 37°C, and activation of the angiogenesis marker vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was discovered at 37°C. There was no evidence of the activation of inflammatory processes in stored cell cultures. CONCLUSION ARPE-19 cultures stored at 16°C show the greatest propensity to modulate their gene expression profile in a manner that supports cell survival during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pasovic
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,b Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Jon R Eidet
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Ole K Olstad
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Dong F Chen
- d Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , USA
| | - Torstein Lyberg
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Tor P Utheim
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,e Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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11
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Eidet JR, Reppe S, Pasovic L, Olstad OK, Lyberg T, Khan AZ, Fostad IG, Chen DF, Utheim TP. The Silk-protein Sericin Induces Rapid Melanization of Cultured Primary Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Activating the NF-κB Pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22671. [PMID: 26940175 PMCID: PMC4778122 DOI: 10.1038/srep22671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to prevent further loss of vision in patients with age-related macular degeneration represents a promising novel treatment modality. Development of RPE transplants, however, requires up to 3 months of cell differentiation. We explored whether the silk protein sericin can induce maturation of primary human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells. Microarray analysis demonstrated that sericin up-regulated RPE-associated transcripts (RPE65 and CRALBP). Upstream analysis identified the NF-κB pathway as one of the top sericin-induced regulators. ELISA confirmed that sericin stimulates the main NF-κB pathway. Increased levels of RPE-associated proteins (RPE65 and the pigment melanin) in the sericin-supplemented cultures were confirmed by western blot, spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy. Sericin also increased cell density and reduced cell death following serum starvation in culture. Inclusion of NF-κB agonists and antagonists in the culture medium showed that activation of the NF-κB pathway appears to be necessary, but not sufficient, for sericin-induced RPE pigmentation. We conclude that sericin promotes pigmentation of cultured primary hRPE cells by activating the main NF-κB pathway. Sericin’s potential role in culture protocols for rapid differentiation of hRPE cells derived from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Eidet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Pasovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - O K Olstad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Lyberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Z Khan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I G Fostad
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - D F Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA
| | - T P Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Swioklo S, Constantinescu A, Connon CJ. Alginate-Encapsulation for the Improved Hypothermic Preservation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:339-49. [PMID: 26826163 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable progress within the cell therapy industry, unmet bioprocessing and logistical challenges associated with the storage and distribution of cells between sites of manufacture and the clinic exist. We examined whether hypothermic (4°C-23°C) preservation of human adipose-derived stem cells could be improved through their encapsulation in 1.2% calcium alginate. Alginate encapsulation improved the recovery of viable cells after 72 hours of storage. Viable cell recovery was highly temperature-dependent, with an optimum temperature of 15°C. At this temperature, alginate encapsulation preserved the ability for recovered cells to attach to tissue culture plastic on rewarming, further increasing its effect on total cell recovery. On attachment, the cells were phenotypically normal, displayed normal growth kinetics, and maintained their capacity for trilineage differentiation. The number of cells encapsulated (up to 2 × 10(6) cells per milliliter) did not affect viable cell recovery nor did storage of encapsulated cells in a xeno-free, serum-free,current Good Manufacturing Practice-grade medium. We present a simple, low-cost system capable of enhancing the preservation of human adipose-derived stem cells stored at hypothermic temperatures, while maintaining their normal function. The storage of cells in this manner has great potential for extending the time windows for quality assurance and efficacy testing, distribution between the sites of manufacture and the clinic, and reducing the wastage associated with the limited shelf life of cells stored in their liquid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Swioklo
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei Constantinescu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Che J Connon
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Preservation of Ocular Epithelial Limbal Stem Cells: The New Frontier in Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 951:179-189. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Islam R, Jackson C, Eidet JR, Messelt EB, Corraya RM, Lyberg T, Griffith M, Dartt DA, Utheim TP. Effect of Storage Temperature on Structure and Function of Cultured Human Oral Keratinocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128306. [PMID: 26052937 PMCID: PMC4459984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose/Aims To assess the effect of storage temperature on the viability, phenotype, metabolism, and morphology of cultured human oral keratinocytes (HOK). Materials and Methods Cultured HOK cells were stored in HEPES- and sodium bicarbonate-buffered Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) at nine temperatures in approximately 4°C increments from 4°C to 37°C for seven days. Cells were characterized for viability by calcein fluorescence, phenotype retention by immunocytochemistry, metabolic parameters (pH, glucose, lactate, and O2) within the storage medium by blood gas analysis, and morphology by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Results Relative to the cultured, but non-stored control cells, a high percentage of viable cells were retained only in the 12°C and 16°C storage groups (85%±13% and 68%±10%, respectively). Expression of ABCG2, Bmi1, C/EBPδ, PCNA, cytokeratin 18, and caspase-3 were preserved after storage in the 5 groups between 4°C and 20°C, compared to the non-stored control. Glucose, pH and pO2 in the storage medium declined, whereas lactate increased with increasing storage temperature. Morphology was best preserved following storage of the three groups between 12°C, 16°C, and 20°C. Conclusion We conclude that storage temperatures of 12°C and 16°C were optimal for maintenance of cell viability, phenotype, and morphology of cultured HOK. The storage method described in the present study may be applicable for other cell types and tissues; thus its significance may extend beyond HOK and the field of ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakibul Islam
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine Jackson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon R. Eidet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Edward B. Messelt
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rima Maria Corraya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Torstein Lyberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - May Griffith
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Darlene A. Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Tor P. Utheim
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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