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Kashihara T, Morita Y, Hatta M, Inoue S, Suzuki Y, Morita A, Nakahara T. YAP activation in Müller cells protects against NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell injury by regulating Bcl-xL expression. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1446521. [PMID: 39166115 PMCID: PMC11333228 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1446521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinal neurodegeneration, characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, is a leading cause of vision impairment and loss in blind diseases, such as glaucoma. Müller cells play crucial roles in maintaining retinal homeostasis. Thus, dysfunction of Müller cells has been implicated as one of the causes of retinal diseases. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP), a nuclear effector of the Hippo pathway, regulates mammalian cell survival. In this study, we investigated the role of YAP in Müller cells during N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced excitotoxic RGC injury in rats. We found that YAP expression increased and was activated in Müller cells after NMDA-induced RGC injury. This YAP response was partly due to an increase in Yap mRNA levels, although it may be independent of the Hippo pathway and β-TrCP-mediated YAP degradation. Morphological analysis revealed that verteporfin, a selective YAP inhibitor, exacerbated NMDA-induced RGC degeneration, suggesting that YAP activation in Müller cells contributes to RGC survival in NMDA-treated retinas. Studies in the rat Müller cell line (rMC-1) demonstrated that overexpression of YAP increased the levels of Bcl-xL, while verteporfin decreased the levels of Bcl-xL and cell viability and increased the levels of cytochrome c released from mitochondria and cleaved caspase-3. Finally, we found that Bcl-xL expression increased slightly in NMDA-treated retinas, whereas intravitreal injection of verteporfin suppressed this increase. Our findings suggest that activated YAP in Müller cells protects against NMDA-induced RGC injury by upregulating Bcl-xL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Kashihara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Chauhan MZ, Elhusseiny AM, Kishor KS, Sanvicente CT, Ali AA, Sallam AB, Bhattacharya SK, Uwaydat SH. Association of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma with Diabetic Retinopathy among Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Large Global Database Study. Ophthalmology 2024; 131:827-835. [PMID: 38215989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the correlation between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN A retrospective cohort study leveraging the global patient database of TriNetX Research Network. PARTICIPANTS The study included 44 359 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with POAG and 4 393 300 patients with DM without any glaucoma ≥ 18 years of age. Propensity score matching harmonized the cohorts to 39 680 patients each, covering diagnoses from January 1, 2005, to January 1, 2023. METHODS We analyzed data using specific International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes for DM and glaucoma. We matched the cohorts using propensity score matching, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, blood markers, relevant medical history, and ophthalmic service use. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the first-time occurrence of DR, including nonproliferative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR (PDR), in patients with DM with and without glaucoma at 1-, 5-, and 10-year intervals from their individual index dates. RESULTS At 10 years, patients with T1DM with POAG exhibited a heightened risk for any DR (adjusted risk ratios [RRs], 4.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.05-5.57, P < 0.0001) and PDR (RR, 7.02; 95% CI, 3.62-13.61, P < 0.0001). Patients with T2DM and POAG also faced an increased 10-year risk for any DR (RR, 2.47; 95% CI, 2.28-2.68, P < 0.0001) and PDR (RR, 3.82; 95% CI, 3.09-4.70, P < 0.0001). The combined association of POAG on DR risk in those with T1DM and T2DM at 10 years was found to be significantly higher among patients with POAG (5.45%) compared with those without glaucoma (2.12%) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.33; 95% CI, 2.14-2.53). The cumulative incidence of DR was significantly higher in the POAG group compared with nonglaucoma counterparts after a decade (log-rank P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore a substantial association between POAG and DR development in both T1DM and T2DM patients, emphasizing the need for vigilant screening and comprehensive management in glaucomatous patients with DM to mitigate the risk of DR. Future research should delve into elucidating the causal mechanisms driving these observed associations. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Z Chauhan
- Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Abdelrahman M Elhusseiny
- Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Krishna S Kishor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida
| | - Carina T Sanvicente
- Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Arsalan A Ali
- Anne Burnett Marion School of Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Ahmed B Sallam
- Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Sami H Uwaydat
- Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
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Yamagishi H, Kirai N, Morita A, Kashihara T, Nakahara T. Role of monocarboxylate transporters in AMPK-mediated protection against excitotoxic injury in the rat retina. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176510. [PMID: 38493917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway protects against N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced excitotoxic retinal injury. AMPK activation enhances fatty acid metabolism and ketone body synthesis. Ketone bodies are transported into neurons by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and exert neuroprotective effects. In this study, we examined the distribution and expression levels of MCT1 and MCT2 in the retina and analyzed the effects of pharmacological inhibition of MCTs on the protective effects of metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR), activators of AMPK, against NMDA-induced retinal injury in rats. MCT1 was expressed in the blood vessels, processes of astrocytes and Müller cells, and inner segments of photoreceptors in the rat retina, whereas MCT2 was expressed in neuronal cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and in astrocyte processes. The expression levels of MCT2, but not MCT1, decreased one day after intravitreal injection of NMDA (200 nmol). Intravitreal injection of NMDA decreased the number of cells in the GCL compared to the vehicle seven days after injection. Simultaneous injection of metformin (20 nmol) or AICAR (50 nmol) with NMDA attenuated NMDA-induced cell loss in the GCL, and these protective effects were attenuated by AR-C155858 (1 pmol), an inhibitor of MCTs. AR-C155858 alone had no significant effect on the retinal structure. These results suggest that AMPK-activating compounds protect against NMDA-induced excitotoxic retinal injury via mechanisms involving MCTs in rats. NMDA-induced neurotoxicity may be associated with retinal neurodegenerative changes in glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, AMPK-activating compounds may be effective in managing these retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoka Yamagishi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kirai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Akane Morita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kashihara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
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Tumor necrosis factor-α and matrix metalloproteinase-9 cooperatively exacerbate neurovascular degeneration in the neonatal rat retina. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 390:173-187. [PMID: 35895162 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α contribute to the pathogenesis of several ocular diseases. Previous studies have shown that MMP-9 activation plays an important role in capillary degeneration in injured retinas. In this study, we aimed to determine the roles of TNF-α in capillary degeneration and MMP-9 activation in the injured retina. In rats, retinal injury was induced by intravitreal injection of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA, 200 nmol) at postnatal day 7. We examined (1) the effects of blocking MMP-9 and TNF-α signaling pathway on capillary degeneration, (2) changes in protein levels and distribution of MMP-9 and TNF-α, and (3) the interaction between MMP-9 and TNF-α in regulating the expression level of each protein in retinas of NMDA-injected eyes. Intravitreal injection of GM6001, an MMP inhibitor, or TNF-α neutralizing antibody (anti-TNF-α Ab) attenuated capillary degeneration in retinas of NMDA-injected eyes. Protein levels of TNF-α increased 2 h after NMDA injection, whereas those of MMP-9 increased 4 h after the injection. Anti-TNF-α Ab suppressed activation of MMP-9 in retinas of NMDA-injected eyes, whereas GM6001 diminished the TNF-α protein expression. Incubation of recombinant TNF-α with supernatants of homogenized retina increased protein levels and activity of MMP-9. These results suggest that TNF-α and MMP-9 collaboratively increase their expression levels in the retina following neurodegeneration, thus leading to retinal capillary degeneration. The cooperative interaction between MMP-9 and TNF-α could be involved in the exacerbation of retinal neurovascular degeneration.
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Nagaoka K, Kurauchi Y, Asano D, Morita A, Sakamoto K, Nakahara T. Pharmacological inhibition of Na +/K +-ATPase induces neurovascular degeneration and glial cell alteration in the rat retina. Exp Eye Res 2022; 220:109107. [PMID: 35568201 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) plays an important role in ion homeostasis and neurotransmitter uptake. In the retina, multidirectional communications among neurons, glia, and blood vessels (that is, neuro-glio-vascular interaction) are crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis. We investigated the role of NKA in the elements of neuro-glio-vascular unit in neonatal and adult rat retinas. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (1- and 8-week-old) were injected intravitreally with ouabain (20 nmol/eye), an inhibitor of NKA. Morphological changes in retinal neurons, glia, and blood vessels were examined. The intravitreal injection of ouabain decreased the number of cells in the ganglion cell layer, as well as the thicknesses of the inner plexiform and inner nuclear layers in neonatal and adult rats compared to age-matched controls. The ouabain-induced neuronal cell damage was partially prevented by D-(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors. In the deep retinal vascular plexus of the ouabain-injected eyes, angiogenesis was delayed in neonatal rats, whereas capillary degeneration occurred in adult rats. The immunoreactivity of glutamine synthetase and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) decreased in the retinas of neonatal and adult rats injected intravitreally with ouabain. The immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein was enhanced in the retinas of ouabain-injected adult eyes. After the ouabain injection, CD45-positive leukocytes and Iba1-positive microglia increased in the inner retinal layer of neonatal rats, whereas they increased in the middle retinal layer of adult rats. These results suggest that the inhibition of NKA induces the degeneration of neuronal and vascular cells and alteration of glial cells in both neonatal and adult retinas. In addition to the direct effects of NKA inhibition, the disturbance of retinal glutamate metabolism and decreased VEGF expression may contribute to neurovascular degeneration. The activity of NKA is crucial for maintaining elements of neuro-glio-vascular unit in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Nagaoka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurauchi
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oehonmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Daiki Asano
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Akane Morita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
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Schlüter A, Aksan B, Diem R, Fairless R, Mauceri D. VEGFD Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells and, consequently, Capillaries against Excitotoxic Injury. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 17:281-299. [PMID: 32055648 PMCID: PMC7005343 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, neurons and the vasculature influence each other. While it is well described that a functional vascular system is trophic to neurons and that vascular damage contributes to neurodegeneration, the opposite scenario in which neural damage might impact the microvasculature is less defined. In this study, using an in vivo excitotoxic approach in adult mice as a tool to cause specific damage to retinal ganglion cells, we detected subsequent damage to endothelial cells in retinal capillaries. Furthermore, we detected decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGFD) in retinal ganglion cells. In vivo VEGFD supplementation via neuronal-specific viral-mediated expression or acute intravitreal delivery of the mature protein preserved the structural and functional integrity of retinal ganglion cells against excitotoxicity and, additionally, spared endothelial cells from degeneration. Viral-mediated suppression of expression of the VEGFD-binding receptor VEGFR3 in retinal ganglion cells revealed that VEGFD exerts its protective capacity directly on retinal ganglion cells, while protection of endothelial cells is the result of upheld neuronal integrity. These findings suggest that VEGFD supplementation might be a novel, clinically applicable approach for neuronal and vascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Schlüter
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bahar Aksan
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ricarda Diem
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,CCU Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Fairless
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,CCU Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Mauceri
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Cellular Mechanisms of Angiogenesis in Neonatal Rat Models of Retinal Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194759. [PMID: 31557901 PMCID: PMC6801463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Νeuronal and glial cells play an important role in the development of vasculature in the retina. In this study, we investigated whether re-vascularization occurs in retinal neurodegenerative injury models. To induce retinal injury, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA, 200 nmol) or kainic acid (KA, 20 nmol) was injected into the vitreous chamber of the eye on postnatal day (P)7. Morphological changes in retinal neurons and vasculature were assessed on P14, P21, and P35. Prevention of vascular growth and regression of some capillaries were observed on P14 in retinas of NMDA- and KA-treated eyes. However, vascular growth and re-vascularization started on P21, and the retinal vascular network was established by P35 in retinas with neurodegenerative injuries. The re-vascularization was suppressed by a two-day treatment with KRN633, an inhibitor of VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase, on P21 and P22. Astrocytes and Müller cells expressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the distribution pattern of VEGF was almost the same between the control and the NMDA-induced retinal neurodegenerative injury model, except for the difference in the thickness of the inner retinal layer. During re-vascularization, angiogenic sprouts from pre-existing blood vessels were present along the network of fibronectins formed by astrocytes. These results suggest that glial cells contribute to angiogenesis in neonatal rat models of retinal neurodegeneration.
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Asano D, Morita A, Mori A, Sakamoto K, Ishii K, Nakahara T. Involvement of matrix metalloproteinases in capillary degeneration following NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in the neonatal rat retina. Exp Eye Res 2019; 182:101-108. [PMID: 30885712 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between neuronal cells and vascular cells in the retina are critical for maintaining retinal tissue homeostasis. Impairment of cellular interactions contributes to development and progression of retinal diseases. Previous studies demonstrated that neuronal cell damage leads to capillary degeneration in an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced retinal degeneration model. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the possible role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in neuronal cell loss and capillary degeneration in NMDA-treated retinas of neonatal rats. Intravitreal injection of NMDA (50 or 200 nmol) was performed on postnatal day (P) 7 and morphological changes in retinal neurons and vasculature were examined on P14. The MMP inhibitor CP101537 (100 nmol) or vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide) was intravitreally injected simultaneously with, or 2 days after, NMDA injection. CP101537 protected against neurovascular degeneration in a time-dependent manner as follows: 1) simultaneous injection of CP101537 with NMDA prevented morphological changes in retinal neurons induced by NMDA (50 nmol); and 2) reduction in capillary density and number of vertical sprouts induced by NMDA (200 nmol) was prevented when CP101537 was injected 2 days after NMDA injection. Gelatin zymography and western blot analyses indicated that activity and protein levels of MMP-9 were enhanced from 4 h to 2 days after NMDA injection. Increased activity and protein levels of MMP-9 were suppressed by MMP inhibitors (CP101537 and GM6001). In situ zymography revealed that MMP activity was enhanced throughout the retinal vasculature in NMDA-treated retinas. These results indicate that MMP-9 plays an important role in neurovascular degeneration in the injured retina. Inhibition of MMP-9 may be an effective strategy for preventing and reducing neurovascular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Asano
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Akane Morita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Asami Mori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kunio Ishii
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
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Luo ZW, Wang HT, Wang N, Sheng WW, Jin M, Lu Y, Bai YJ, Zou SQ, Pang YL, Xu H, Zhang X. Establishment of an adult zebrafish model of retinal neurodegeneration induced by NMDA. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1250-1261. [PMID: 31456914 PMCID: PMC6694058 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.08.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To establish a model of retinal neurodegeneration induced by N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) in adult zebrafish. METHODS We compared the effects of three different NMDA delivery methods on retinal neurodegeneration in adult zebrafish: immersion (I.M.), intravitreal injection (I.V.), and intraperitoneal injection (I.P.), and examined retinal pathology and degeneration by hematoxylin and eosin and TUNEL staining in the treated zebrafish. Effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 and the natural product resveratrol on NMDA-induced retinal neurodegeneration were also assessed. RESULTS The thickened inner retina was seen in histology with 100 µmol/L NMDA by I.M. administration. Significant apoptosis in the retinal ganglion cell layer and retinal thickness reduction occurred in 0.5 mol/L NMDA I.P. administration group.Seizure-like behavioral changes, but no retinal histological alteration occurred in 16 mg/kg NMDA I.P. administration group. Resveratrol and MK-801 prevented NMDA-induced retinal neurodegeneration in the zebrafish. CONCLUSION Among the three drug administration methods, I.V. injection of NMDA is the most suitable for establishment of an acute retinal damage model in zebrafish. I.M. with NMDA is likely the best for use as a chronic retinal damage model. I.P. treatment with NMDA causes brain damage. Resveratrol and MK801 may be a clinically valuable treatment for retinal neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Luo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University; Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Han-Tsing Wang
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University; Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Sheng
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University; Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University; Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University; Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Jiang Bai
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University; Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Su-Qi Zou
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Lian Pang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University; Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University; Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China
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Nakano A, Asano D, Kondo R, Mori A, Arima S, Ushikubo H, Sakamoto K, Nagamitsu T, Ishii K, Nakahara T. Retinal neuronal cell loss prevents abnormal retinal vascular growth in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity. Exp Eye Res 2018; 168:115-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chintala S, Cheng M, Zhang X. Decreased Expression of DREAM Promotes the Degeneration of Retinal Neurons. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127776. [PMID: 26020793 PMCID: PMC4447264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic mechanisms that promote the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) following the activation of N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are unclear. In this study, we have investigated the role of downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) in NMDA-mediated degeneration of the retina. NMDA, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and MK801 were injected into the vitreous humor of C57BL/6 mice. At 12, 24, and 48 hours after injection, expression of DREAM in the retina was determined by immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, and electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA). Apoptotic death of cells in the retina was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferace dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Degeneration of RGCs in cross sections and in whole mount retinas was determined by using antibodies against Tuj1 and Brn3a respectively. Degeneration of amacrine cells and bipolar cells was determined by using antibodies against calretinin and protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha respectively. DREAM was expressed constitutively in RGCs, amacrine cells, bipolar cells, as well as in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). NMDA promoted a progressive decrease in DREAM levels in all three cell types over time, and at 48 h after NMDA-treatment very low DREAM levels were evident in the IPL only. DREAM expression in retinal nuclear proteins was decreased progressively after NMDA-treatment, and correlated with its decreased binding to the c-fos-DRE oligonucleotides. A decrease in DREAM expression correlated significantly with apoptotic death of RGCs, amacrine cells and bipolar cells. Treatment of eyes with NMDA antagonist MK801, restored DREAM expression to almost normal levels in the retina, and significantly decreased NMDA-mediated apoptotic death of RGCs, amacrine cells, and bipolar cells. Results presented in this study show for the first time that down-regulation of DREAM promotes the degeneration of RGCs, amacrine cells, and bipolar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan Chintala
- Laboratory of Ophthalmic Neurobiology, and Eye Research Institute of Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mei Cheng
- Laboratory of Ophthalmic Neurobiology, and Eye Research Institute of Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Laboratory of Ophthalmic Neurobiology, and Eye Research Institute of Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
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Asano D, Nakahara T, Mori A, Sakamoto K, Ishii K. Regression of retinal capillaries following N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced neurotoxicity in the neonatal rat retina. J Neurosci Res 2014; 93:380-90. [PMID: 25284371 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of retinal capillaries occurs following N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal neurotoxicity, and the degree of capillary degeneration decreases in an age-dependent manner. To determine the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the high susceptibility of capillaries to neuronal damage during the early postnatal stage, this study compares the vascular regression patterns between NMDA-treated retinas and retinas treated with N-[2-chloro-4-{(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)oxy}phenyl]-N'-propylurea (KRN633), a VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in neonatal rats. Two days after a single intravitreal injection of NMDA (200 nmol/eye) on postnatal day (P) 7, substantial retinal neuron loss and delayed expansion of the retinal vascular bed were observed. The reduction in the capillary density in the central retina reached statistical significance 4 days after NMDA treatment. In retinas of rats injected subcutaneously with KRN633 (10 mg/kg) on P7 and P8, simplified vasculature attributable to capillary regression and prevention of endothelial cell growth were seen on P9, whereas no visible changes in the morphology of the retinal layers were observed. The degree of capillary degeneration in NMDA-treated retinas was less than that in KRN633-treated retinas. No apparent changes in immunoreactivities for VEGF were found 2 days after NMDA treatment. These results indicate that neuronal cell loss in the retina precedes retinal capillary degeneration following NMDA treatment, and VEGF-dependent immature capillaries might be more susceptible to NMDA-induced neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Asano
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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