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Deymier AC, Deymier PA. Open-system force-elongation relationship of collagen in chemo-mechanical equilibrium with water. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106464. [PMID: 38367533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
A significant deformation mechanism of collagen at low loads is molecular uncoiling and rearrangement. Although the effect of hydration and cross-linking has been investigated at larger loads when collagen undergoes molecular sliding, their effects on collagen molecular reorganization remain unclear. Here we develop two thermodynamic models that use the notion of open-system elasticity to elucidate the effect of swelling due to water uptake during deformation of collagen networks under low and high cross-linking conditions. With low crosslinking, entropic contributions dominate resulting in rejection of solvent from the polymer network leading to reduced collagen stiffness with increased loads. Contrarily, high cross-linking inhibits initial coiling and structural kinking and the mechanical behavior is dominated by elastic energy. In this configuration, the solvent content depends on the sign of the applied load resulting in a non-linear open-system stress-strain relationship. The models provide insight on the parameters that impact the stress-strain relationships of hydrated collagen and can inform the way collagenous matrices are treated both in medical and laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Deymier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - P A Deymier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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2
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Unal M, Uppuganti S, Dapaah DY, Ahmed R, Pennings JS, Willett TL, Voziyan P, Nyman JS. Effect of ribose incubation on physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of human cortical bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 140:105731. [PMID: 36827936 PMCID: PMC10068591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy (RS) is sensitive to the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and it measures matrix-sensitive properties that correlate with the fracture toughness of human cortical bone. However, it is unclear whether sugar-mediated accumulation of AGEs affects the fracture toughness of human cortical bone in a manner that is consistent with the negative correlations between amide I sub-peak ratios and fracture toughness. Upon machining 64 single-edge notched beam (SENB) specimens from cadaveric femurs (8 male and 7 female donors between 46 years and 61 years of age), pairs of SENB specimens were incubated in 15 mL of phosphate buffered saline with or without 0.1 M ribose for 4 weeks at 37 °C. After acquiring 10 Raman spectra per bone specimen (n = 32 per incubation group), paired SENB specimens were loaded in three-point bending at a quasi-static or a high loading rate approximating 10-4 s-1 or 10-2 s-1, respectively (n = 16 per incubation group per loading rate). While 2 amide I sub-peak ratios, I1670/I1640 and I1670/I1610, decreased by 3-5% with a 100% increase in AGE content, as confirmed by fluorescence measurements, the ribose incubation to accumulate AGEs in bone did not affect linear elastic (KIc) nor non-linear elastic (KJc) measurements of bone's ability to resist crack growth. Moreover, AGE accumulation did not affect the change in these properties when the loading rate changed. Increasing the loading rate increased KIc but decreased KJc. Ribose incubation did not affect mineral-related RS properties such as mineral-to-matrix ratios, Type B carbonate substitutions, and crystallinity. It did however increase the thermal stability of demineralized bone (differential scanning calorimetry), without affecting the network connectivity of the organic matrix (i.e., maximum slope during a hydrothermal isometric tension test of demineralized bone). In conclusion, RS is sensitive to AGE accumulation via the amide I band (plus the hydroxyproline-to-proline ratio), but the increase in AGE content due to ribose incubation was not sufficient to affect the fracture toughness of human cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Unal
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, 70200, Turkey; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, 70200, Turkey
| | - Sasidhar Uppuganti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. S, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Daniel Y Dapaah
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. S, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Jacquelyn S Pennings
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. S, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 1200, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Thomas L Willett
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Voziyan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. S, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1611 21st Ave. S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. S, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, 1310 24th Ave. S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 1200, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
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Gouldin AG, Brown ME, Puetzer JL. An inducible model for unraveling the effects of advanced glycation end-product accumulation in aging connective tissues. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:406-424. [PMID: 34706612 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.1991333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In connective tissues there is a clear link between increasing age and degeneration. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are believed to play a central role. AGEs are sugar-induced non-enzymatic crosslinks which accumulate in collagen with age and diabetes, altering tissue mechanics and cellular function. Despite ample correlative evidence linking collagen glycation to tissue degeneration, little is known how AGEs impact cell-matrix interactions, limiting therapeutic options. One reason for this limited understanding is that AGEs are typically induced using high concentrations of ribose which decrease cell viability, making it impossible to investigate cell-matrix interactions. The objective of this study was to develop a system to trigger AGE accumulation while maintaining cell viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using cell-seeded high density collagen gels, we investigated the effect of two systems for AGE induction, ribose at low concentrations (30, 100, and 200 mM) over 15 days of culture and riboflavin (0.25 and 0.75 mM) induced with blue light for 40 seconds (riboflavin-465 nm). RESULTS We found ribose and riboflavin-465 nm treatment produces fluorescent AGE quantities which match and/or exceed human fluorescent AGE levels for various tissues, ages, and diseases, without affecting cell viability or metabolism. Interestingly, a 40 second treatment of riboflavin-465 nm produced similar levels of fluorescent AGEs as 3 days of 100 mM ribose treatment. CONCLUSIONS Riboflavin-465 nm is a promising method to trigger AGEs on demand in vivo or in vitro without impacting cell viability and offers potential for unraveling the mechanism of AGEs in age and diabetes related tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin G Gouldin
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering; Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - M Ethan Brown
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering; Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Jennifer L Puetzer
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering; Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
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Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and Chronic Kidney Disease: Does the Modern Diet AGE the Kidney? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132675. [PMID: 35807857 PMCID: PMC9268915 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1980s, chronic kidney disease (CKD) affecting all ages has increased by almost 25%. This increase may be partially attributable to lifestyle changes and increased global consumption of a “western” diet, which is typically energy dense, low in fruits and vegetables, and high in animal protein and ultra-processed foods. These modern food trends have led to an increase in the consumption of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in conjunction with increased metabolic dysfunction, obesity and diabetes, which facilitates production of endogenous AGEs within the body. When in excess, AGEs can be pathological via both receptor-mediated and non-receptor-mediated pathways. The kidney, as a major site for AGE clearance, is particularly vulnerable to AGE-mediated damage and increases in circulating AGEs align with risk of CKD and all-cause mortality. Furthermore, individuals with significant loss of renal function show increased AGE burden, particularly with uraemia, and there is some evidence that AGE lowering via diet or pharmacological inhibition may be beneficial for CKD. This review discusses the pathways that drive AGE formation and regulation within the body. This includes AGE receptor interactions and pathways of AGE-mediated pathology with a focus on the contribution of diet on endogenous AGE production and dietary AGE consumption to these processes. We then analyse the contribution of AGEs to kidney disease, the evidence for dietary AGEs and endogenously produced AGEs in driving pathogenesis in diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease and the potential for AGE targeted therapies in kidney disease.
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Tropocollagen springs allow collagen fibrils to stretch elastically. Acta Biomater 2022; 142:185-193. [PMID: 35081430 PMCID: PMC8982519 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of connective tissues are tailored to their specific function, and changes can lead to dysfunction and pathology. In most mammalian tissues the mechanical environment is governed by the micro- and nano-scale structure of collagen and its interaction with other tissue components, however these hierarchical properties remain poorly understood. In this study we use the human cornea as a model system to characterise and quantify the dominant deformation mechanisms of connective tissue in response to cyclic loads of physiological magnitude. Synchronised biomechanical testing, x-ray scattering and 3D digital image correlation revealed the presence of two dominant mechanisms: collagen fibril elongation due to a largely elastic, spring-like straightening of tropocollagen supramolecular twist, and a more viscous straightening of fibril crimp that gradually increased over successive loading cycles. The distinct mechanical properties of the two mechanisms suggest they have separate roles in vivo. The elastic, spring-like mechanism is fast-acting and likely responds to stresses associated with the cardiac cycle, while the more viscous crimp mechanism will respond to slower processes, such as postural stresses. It is anticipated that these findings will have broad applicability to understanding the normal and pathological functioning of other connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels that exhibit both helical structures and crimp. Statement of significance The tropocollagen spring mechanism allows collagen fibrils from some tissues to elongate significantly under small loads, and its recent discovery has the potential to change our fundamental understanding of how tissue deforms. This time-resolved study quantifies the contribution of the spring mechanism to the local strain in stretched tissue and compares it to the contribution associated with the straightening of fibril waviness, the widely accepted primary low-load strain mechanism. The spring mechanism contributed more to the local tissue strain than fibril straightening, and was found to be elastic while fibril straightening was more viscous. The results suggest that the viscoelastic behaviour of a biomaterial is controlled, at least in part, by the relative amount of fibril-scale crimp and tropocollagen supramolecular twist.
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Ignatieva NY, Zakharkina OL, Sergeeva EA, Serezhnikova NB, Faizullin AL, Shekhter AB. Development of a Two-Layer Porous Scaffold Based on Porcine Nasal Septal Cartilage for Orthopedics. Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 13:48-54. [PMID: 34603763 PMCID: PMC8482829 DOI: 10.17691/stm2021.13.4.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to design a construct based on a nasal septal cartilage plate providing required cell differentiation in different layers to replace a deep osteochondral defect and develop an algorithm of chemical and physical effect sequence to create non-immunogenic two-layer porous structure with requisite elasto-mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yu Ignatieva
- Associate Professor, Chemical Faculty; Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1, bld. 3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - O L Zakharkina
- Researcher; Institute of Photonic Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Pionerskaya St., Moscow, Troitsk, 108840, Russia
| | - E A Sergeeva
- Senior Researcher; Federal Research Center Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanova St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - N B Serezhnikova
- Senior Researcher; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Malaya Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A L Faizullin
- Junior Researcher; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Malaya Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A B Shekhter
- Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental Morphology and Biobank, Institute for Regenerative Medicine; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Malaya Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Garay-Sevilla ME, Rojas A, Portero-Otin M, Uribarri J. Dietary AGEs as Exogenous Boosters of Inflammation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082802. [PMID: 34444961 PMCID: PMC8401706 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most chronic modern non-transmissible diseases seem to begin as the result of low-grade inflammation extending over prolonged periods of time. The importance of diet as a source of many pro-inflammatory compounds that could create and sustain such a low-grade inflammatory state cannot be ignored, particularly since we are constantly exposed to them during the day. The focus of this review is on specific components of the diet associated with inflammation, specifically advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that form during thermal processing of food. AGEs are also generated in the body in normal physiology and are widely recognized as increased in diabetes, but many people are unaware of the potential importance of exogenous AGEs ingested in food. We review experimental models, epidemiologic data, and small clinical trials that suggest an important association between dietary intake of these compounds and development of an inflammatory and pro-oxidative state that is conducive to chronic diseases. We compare dietary intake of AGEs with other widely known dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets, as well as the Dietary Inflammation Index (DII). Finally, we delineate in detail the pathophysiological mechanisms induced by dietary AGEs, both direct (i.e., non-receptor-mediated) and indirect (receptor-mediated).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armando Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca 3480005, Chile;
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Lleida, 25196 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Jaime Uribarri
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-241-1887
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van der Vaart A, Yeung S, van Dijk P, Bakker S, de Borst M. Phosphate and fibroblast growth factor 23 in diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1669-1687. [PMID: 34283205 PMCID: PMC8302806 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with a strongly elevated risk of cardiovascular disease, which is even more pronounced in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Currently available guideline-based efforts to correct traditional risk factors are only partly able to attenuate this risk, underlining the urge to identify novel treatment targets. Emerging data point towards a role for disturbances in phosphate metabolism in diabetes. In this review, we discuss the role of phosphate and the phosphate-regulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in diabetes. We address deregulations of phosphate metabolism in patients with diabetes, including diabetic ketoacidosis. Moreover, we discuss potential adverse consequences of these deregulations, including the role of deregulated phosphate and glucose as drivers of vascular calcification propensity. Finally, we highlight potential treatment options to correct abnormalities in phosphate and FGF23. While further studies are needed to more precisely assess their clinical impact, deregulations in phosphate and FGF23 are promising potential target in diabetes and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarens van der Vaart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen,The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stanley M.H. Yeung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen,The Netherlands
| | - Peter R. van Dijk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J.L. Bakker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen,The Netherlands
| | - Martin H. de Borst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen,The Netherlands
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Baldwin SJ, Sampson J, Peacock CJ, Martin ML, Veres SP, Lee JM, Kreplak L. A new longitudinal variation in the structure of collagen fibrils and its relationship to locations of mechanical damage susceptibility. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103849. [PMID: 32501220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The hierarchical architecture of the collagen fibril is well understood, involving non-integer staggering of collagen molecules which results in a 67 nm periodic molecular density variation termed D-banding. Other than this variation, collagen fibrils are considered to be homogeneous at the micro-scale and beyond. Interestingly, serial kink structures have been shown to form at discrete locations along the length of collagen fibrils from some mechanically overloaded tendons. The formation of these kinks at discrete locations along the length of fibrils (discrete plasticity) may indicate pre-existing structural variations at a length scale greater than that of the D-banding. Using a high velocity nanomechanical mapping technique, 25 tendon collagen fibrils, were mechanically and structurally mapped along 10 μm of their length in dehydrated and hydrated states with resolutions of 20 nm and 8 nm respectively. Analysis of the variation in hydrated indentation modulus along individual collagen fibrils revealed a micro-scale structural variation not observed in the hydrated or dehydrated structural maps. The spacing distribution of this variation was similar to that observed for inter-kink distances seen in SEM images of discrete plasticity type damage. We propose that longitudinal variation in collagen fibril structure leads to localized mechanical susceptibility to damage under overload. Furthermore, we suggest that this variation has its origins in heterogeneous crosslink density along the length of collagen fibrils. The presence of pre-existing sites of mechanical vulnerability along the length of collagen fibrils may be important to biological remodeling of tendon, with mechanically-activated sites having distinct protein binding capabilities and enzyme susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Baldwin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Sir James Dunn Building, 6310 Coburg Road, Main Office Rm 218, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Josh Sampson
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Sir James Dunn Building, 6310 Coburg Road, Main Office Rm 218, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christopher J Peacock
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Sir James Dunn Building, 6310 Coburg Road, Main Office Rm 218, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Meghan L Martin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Samuel P Veres
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Division of Engineering, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - J Michael Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Laurent Kreplak
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Sir James Dunn Building, 6310 Coburg Road, Main Office Rm 218, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Wendt R, He T, Latosinska A, Siwy J, Mischak H, Beige J. Proteomic characterization of obesity-related nephropathy. Clin Kidney J 2020; 13:684-692. [PMID: 32905225 PMCID: PMC7467596 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nephropathy related to obesity lacks a pathophysiological understanding and definite diagnostic pathways by biomarkers. Methods In this study we investigated the association between urinary peptides and body mass index (BMI) and renal function in proteome data sets from 4015 individuals. Results A total of 365 urinary peptides were identified to be significantly associated with BMI. The majority of these peptides were collagen fragments. In addition, most of the peptides also demonstrated a significant concordant association with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the investigated cohort, with the presence of diabetes exhibiting no significant association. A new classifier was developed, based on 150 urinary peptides, that enabled the distinction of non-obese subjects with preserved kidney function from obese, non-diabetic subjects with eGFR >45 mL/min/1.73 m2 in an independent cohort, with an area under the curve of 0.93. Conclusions On a molecular level, the data strongly suggest a link between obesity and fibrosis, which may be a major cause of obesity-related nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Wendt
- Department of Nephrology and Kuratorium for Dialysis and Transplantation Renal Unit, Hospital St Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tianlin He
- Mosaiques Diagnostics, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Joachim Beige
- Department of Nephrology and Kuratorium for Dialysis and Transplantation Renal Unit, Hospital St Georg, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, Martin-Luther-University Halle/Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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11
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Alania Y, Trevelin LT, Hussain M, Zamperini CA, Mustafa G, Bedran-Russo AK. On the bulk biomechanical behavior of densely cross-linked dentin matrix: The role of induced-glycation, regional dentin sites and chemical inhibitor. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 103:103589. [PMID: 32090918 PMCID: PMC7042333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Collagen glycation takes place under physiological conditions during chronological aging, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs accumulation induces non-enzymatic collagen cross-links increasing tissue stiffness and impairing function. Here, we focused on determining the cumulative effect of induced glycation on the mechanical behavior of highly collagen cross-linked dentin matrices and assess the topical inhibition potential of aminoguanidine. Bulk mechanical characterization suggests that early glycation cross-links significantly increase the tensile strength and stiffness of the dentin matrix and promote a brittle failure response. Histologically, glycation yielded a more mature type I collagen in a densely packed collagen matrix. The time-dependent effect of glycation indicates cumulative damage of dentin matrices that is partially inhibited by aminoguanidine. The regional dentin sites were differently affected by induced-glycation, revealing the crown dentin to be mechanically more affected by the glycation protocol. These findings in human dentin set the foundation for the proposed in vitro ribose-induced glycation model, which produces an early matrix stiffening mechanism by reducing tissue viscoelasticity and can be partially inhibited by topical aminoguanidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Alania
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Livia T Trevelin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Caetano Do Sul, Rua Santo Antônio 50, São Caetano Do Sul, São Paulo, 09521-160, Brazil
| | - Mohammad Hussain
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Camila A Zamperini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gresa Mustafa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ana K Bedran-Russo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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12
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Identification of potential plantar ulceration among diabetes patients using plantar soft tissue stiffness. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 103:103567. [PMID: 32090958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between plantar tissue stiffness and selected parameters, including age, diabetes mellitus (DM) duration, body mass index (BMI), and HbA1c level. 70 diabetes patients with no foot problems were recruited. The plantar soft tissue at the 2nd sub-metatarsal head (MTH) pad was examined using the novel indentation system developed. The stiffness constant, K, was used to describe the tissue stiffness. The four factors (age, DM duration, BMI, and HbA1c level) were plotted against the plantar tissue stiffness. The scatter plots revealed that a higher plantar tissue stiffness was usually associated with (1) BMI>25 kgm-2, (2) HbA1c score >10% (86 mmol/mol), and (3) DM duration >10 years. The three risk criteria were further evaluated using the binary classification test. The predictions were reported to be fairly accurate and reliable in detecting stiffened tissues. The study has successfully identified the strong association of BMI, HbA1c, and DM duration with the plantar tissue properties. Special attention should be given to the high risk group with BMI>25 kgm-2, HbA1c score >10% (86 mmol/mol), and DM duration >10 years. The high diagnostic odds ratio attained suggests its potential usefulness in helping clinicians to diagnose diabetic foot more efficiently.
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Study of glycation process of human carbonic anhydrase II as well as investigation concerning inhibitory influence of 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate on it. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:443-449. [PMID: 31978481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycation is a non-enzymatic reaction between carbonyl groups in sugar and free amino groups in proteins. This reaction leads to changes in structure and functions of proteins in which the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are the final outcome and cause many complications in diabetic patients. We herein examined the effect of fasting on the glycation process of human Carbonic anhydrase II under physiological conditions (37 °C and pH 7.4) employing various techniques, including Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and CD Spectroscopy. We found an increased 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate upon fasting. We studied various samples of control carbonic anhydrase (without glucose and 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate), carbonic anhydrase with glucose, carbonic anhydrase treated with 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and carbonic anhydrase along with glucose and 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate. The samples were incubated for 35 days under physiological conditions. Our results indicated that 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate inhibited the glycation process, decreased glucose binding to the protein, prevented the formation of AGEs, and modified the enzyme activity. Our findings would open new windows toward the enzymatic procedure which would have profound implication in understanding the diabetes mechanisms.
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14
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Maturation of the Meniscal Collagen Structure Revealed by Polarization-Resolved and Directional Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18448. [PMID: 31804577 PMCID: PMC6895152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report Polarization-resolved Second Harmonic Generation (P-SHG) and directional SHG (forward and backward, F/B) measurements of equine foetal and adult collagen in meniscus, over large field-of-views using sample-scanning. Large differences of collagen structure and fibril orientation with maturation are revealed, validating the potential for this novel methodology to track such changes in meniscal structure. The foetal menisci had a non-organized and more random collagen fibrillar structure when compared with adult using P-SHG. For the latter, clusters of homogeneous fibril orientation (inter-fibrillar areas) were revealed, separated by thick fibers. F/B SHG showed numerous different features in adults notably, in thick fibers compared to interfibrillar areas, unlike foetal menisci that showed similar patterns for both directions. This work confirms previous studies and improves the understanding of meniscal collagen structure and its maturation, and makes F/B and P-SHG good candidates for future studies aiming at revealing structural modifications to meniscus due to pathologies.
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15
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McKay TB, Priyadarsini S, Karamichos D. Mechanisms of Collagen Crosslinking in Diabetes and Keratoconus. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101239. [PMID: 31614631 PMCID: PMC6830090 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen crosslinking provides the mechanical strength required for physiological maintenance of the extracellular matrix in most tissues in the human body, including the cornea. Aging and diabetes mellitus (DM) are processes that are both associated with increased collagen crosslinking that leads to increased corneal rigidity. By contrast, keratoconus (KC) is a corneal thinning disease associated with decreased mechanical stiffness leading to ectasia of the central cornea. Studies have suggested that crosslinking mediated by reactive advanced glycation end products during DM may protect the cornea from KC development. Parallel to this hypothesis, riboflavin-mediated photoreactive corneal crosslinking has been proposed as a therapeutic option to halt the progression of corneal thinning by inducing intra- and intermolecular crosslink formation within the collagen fibrils of the stroma, leading to stabilization of the disease. Here, we review the pathobiology of DM and KC in the context of corneal structure, the epidemiology behind the inverse correlation of DM and KC development, and the chemical mechanisms of lysyl oxidase-mediated crosslinking, advanced glycation end product-mediated crosslinking, and photoreactive riboflavin-mediated corneal crosslinking. The goal of this review is to define the biological and chemical pathways important in physiological and pathological processes related to collagen crosslinking in DM and KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina B McKay
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Shrestha Priyadarsini
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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16
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Siang DKT, Pitarini A, Koo K. Allograft Reconstruction of Spontaneous Tibialis Anterior Tendon Rupture in a Diabetic Patient. J Orthop Case Rep 2019; 9:57-60. [PMID: 31559229 PMCID: PMC6742874 DOI: 10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The tibialis anterior (TA) is a powerful dorsiflexor of the ankle. Ruptures of the TA can be a distressing condition that needed a surgical intervention. Fortunately, despite being the third most common lower limb tendon rupture (after Achilles and patellar tendon), ruptures of the TA remain a rare clinical entity. We present a case of spontaneous rupture of the TA in an elderly diabetic lady as well as our successful repair using a TA allograft to bridge the defect gap. Case Report: A 73-year-old known diabetic lady complains of a 6-month history of progressive right ankle pain and swelling over the dorsum of her foot. She did not recall any trauma or twisting injury. She had tenderness over the anterior ankle, an erythematous cystic soft tissue mass, and weakness in ankle dorsiflexion. In addition, she demonstrated notable prominent first metatarsophalangeal hyperextension on ankle dorsiflexion. Loss of contour of normal TA anatomy was noted over anterior aspect of ankle joint. Magnetic resonance imaging reported a complete rupture of the TA tendon with a 4.2 cm tendon gap. Surgical repair using a TA allograft whip stitched side to side to the proximal TA stump and the remaining allograft secured on the medial cuneiform with bio absorbable screw. Rehabilitation consisted of a structured program with protected weight bearing. At 3 months after surgical repair, the patient was able to return to daily activities. Conclusion: This case report highlights the successful use of a TA allograft in the repair of a chronic TA rupture in an elderly diabetic patient. This repair has demonstrated to be reliable at 12-month post-surgery and allows prompt return to daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Koh Thong Siang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia Building Level 4, 169856, Singapore
| | - Astuti Pitarini
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology Surgery, St. Carolus Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kevin Koo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia Building Level 4, 169856, Singapore
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17
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Krishnamoorthy D, Hoy RC, Natelson DM, Torre OM, Laudier DM, Iatridis JC, Illien-Jünger S. Dietary advanced glycation end-product consumption leads to mechanical stiffening of murine intervertebral discs. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.036012. [PMID: 30498097 PMCID: PMC6307905 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Back pain is a leading cause of disability and is strongly associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Reducing structural disruption and catabolism in IVD degeneration remains an important clinical challenge. Pro-oxidant and structure-modifying advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) contribute to obesity and diabetes, which are associated with increased back pain, and accumulate in tissues due to hyperglycemia or ingestion of foods processed at high heat. Collagen-rich IVDs are particularly susceptible to AGE accumulation due to their slow metabolic rates, yet it is unclear whether dietary AGEs can cross the endplates to accumulate in IVDs. A dietary mouse model was used to test the hypothesis that chronic consumption of high AGE diets results in sex-specific IVD structural disruption and functional changes. High AGE diet resulted in AGE accumulation in IVDs and increased IVD compressive stiffness, torque range and failure torque, particularly for females. These biomechanical changes were likely caused by significantly increased AGE crosslinking in the annulus fibrosus, measured by multiphoton imaging. Increased collagen damage measured with collagen hybridizing peptide did not appear to influence biomechanical properties and may be a risk factor as these animals age. The greater influence of high AGE diet on females is an important area of future investigation that may involve AGE receptors known to interact with estrogen. We conclude that high AGE diets can be a source for IVD crosslinking and collagen damage known to be important in IVD degeneration. Dietary modifications and interventions that reduce AGEs warrant further investigation and may be particularly important for diabetics, in whom AGEs accumulate more rapidly. Summary: Dietary AGEs lead to sex-specific intervertebral disc structural and functional changes and may be targeted for promoting spinal health, especially in diabetes, in which AGEs form rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Krishnamoorthy
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert C Hoy
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Devorah M Natelson
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Olivia M Torre
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Damien M Laudier
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - James C Iatridis
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Svenja Illien-Jünger
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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18
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Guzzoni V, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Marqueti RDC. Tendon Remodeling in Response to Resistance Training, Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Aging. Cells 2018; 7:E251. [PMID: 30544536 PMCID: PMC6316563 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training (ET), anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), and aging are potential factors that affect tendon homeostasis, particularly extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. The goal of this review is to aggregate findings regarding the effects of resistance training (RT), AAS, and aging on tendon homeostasis. Data were gathered from our studies regarding the impact of RT, AAS, and aging on the calcaneal tendon (CT) of rats. We demonstrated a series of detrimental effects of AAS and aging on functional and biomechanical parameters, including the volume density of blood vessel cells, adipose tissue cells, tendon calcification, collagen content, the regulation of the major proteins related to the metabolic/development processes of tendons, and ECM remodeling. Conversely, RT seems to mitigate age-related tendon dysfunction. Our results suggest that AAS combined with high-intensity RT exert harmful effects on ECM remodeling, and also instigate molecular and biomechanical adaptations in the CT. Moreover, we provide further information regarding the harmful effects of AAS on tendons at a transcriptional level, and demonstrate the beneficial effects of RT against the age-induced tendon adaptations of rats. Our studies might contribute in terms of clinical approaches in favor of the benefits of ET against tendinopathy conditions, and provide a warning on the harmful effects of the misuse of AAS on tendon development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Guzzoni
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | | | - Rita de Cássia Marqueti
- Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Science, University of Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brasília 70840-901, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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19
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Diffusion of charged and uncharged contrast agents in equine mandibular condylar cartilage is not affected by an increased level of sugar-induced collagen crosslinking. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 90:133-139. [PMID: 30366303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition of articular cartilage relies mainly on diffusion and convection of solutes through the interstitial fluid due to the lack of blood vessels. The diffusion is controlled by two factors: steric hindrance and electrostatic interactions between the solutes and the matrix components. Aging comes with changes in the cartilage structure and composition, which can influence the diffusion. In this study, we treated fibrocartilage of mandibular condyle with ribose to induce an aging-like effect by accumulating collagen crosslinks. The effect of steric hindrance or electrostatic forces on the diffusion was analyzed using either charged (Hexabrix) or uncharged (Visipaque) contrast agents. Osteochondral plugs from young equine mandibular condyles were treated with 500 mM ribose for 7 days. The effect of crosslinking on mechanical properties was then evaluated via dynamic indentation. Thereafter, the samples were exposed to contrast agents and imaged using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) at 18 different time points up to 48 h to measure their diffusion. Normalized concentration of contrast agents in the cartilage and contrast agent diffusion flux, as well as the content of crosslink level (pentosidine), water, collagen, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were determined. Ribose treatment significantly increased the pentosidine level (from 0.01 to 7.6 mmol/mol collagen), which resulted in an increase in tissue stiffness (~1.5 fold). Interestingly, the normalized concentration and diffusion flux did not change after the induction of an increased level of pentosidine either for Hexabrix or Visipaque. The results of this study strongly suggest that sugar-induced collagen crosslinking in TMJ condylar cartilage does not affect the diffusion properties.
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20
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Giri B, Dey S, Das T, Sarkar M, Banerjee J, Dash SK. Chronic hyperglycemia mediated physiological alteration and metabolic distortion leads to organ dysfunction, infection, cancer progression and other pathophysiological consequences: An update on glucose toxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:306-328. [PMID: 30098549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure of glucose rich environment creates several physiological and pathophysiological changes. There are several pathways by which hyperglycemia exacerbate its toxic effect on cells, tissues and organ systems. Hyperglycemia can induce oxidative stress, upsurge polyol pathway, activate protein kinase C (PKC), enhance hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), promote the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and finally alters gene expressions. Prolonged hyperglycemic condition leads to severe diabetic condition by damaging the pancreatic β-cell and inducing insulin resistance. Numerous complications have been associated with diabetes, thus it has become a major health issue in the 21st century and has received serious attention. Dysregulation in the cardiovascular and reproductive systems along with nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic foot ulcer may arise in the advanced stages of diabetes. High glucose level also encourages proliferation of cancer cells, development of osteoarthritis and potentiates a suitable environment for infections. This review culminates how elevated glucose level carries out its toxicity in cells, metabolic distortion along with organ dysfunction and elucidates the complications associated with chronic hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Giri
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India; Experimental Medicine and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India.
| | - Sananda Dey
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India; Experimental Medicine and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Tanaya Das
- Experimental Medicine and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Mrinmoy Sarkar
- Experimental Medicine and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Jhimli Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dash
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India.
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21
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Unal M, Uppuganti S, Leverant CJ, Creecy A, Granke M, Voziyan P, Nyman JS. Assessing glycation-mediated changes in human cortical bone with Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700352. [PMID: 29575566 PMCID: PMC6231413 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Establishing a non-destructive method for spatially assessing advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) is a potentially useful step toward investigating the mechanistic role of AGEs in bone quality. To test the hypothesis that the shape of the amide I in the Raman spectroscopy (RS) analysis of bone matrix changes upon AGE accumulation, we incubated paired cadaveric cortical bone in ribose or glucose solutions and in control solutions for 4 and 16 weeks, respectively, at 37°C. Acquiring 10 spectra per bone with a 20X objective and a 830 nm laser, RS was sensitive to AGE accumulation (confirmed by biochemical measurements of pentosidine and fluorescent AGEs). Hyp/Pro ratio increased upon glycation using either 0.1 M ribose, 0.5 M ribose or 0.5 M glucose. Glycation also decreased the amide I sub-peak ratios (cm-1 ) 1668/1638 and 1668/1610 when directly calculated using either second derivative spectrum or local maxima of difference spectrum, though the processing method (eg, averaged spectrum vs individual spectra) to minimize noise influenced detection of differences for the ribose-incubated bones. Glycation however did not affect these sub-peak ratios including the matrix maturity ratio (1668/1690) when calculated using indirect sub-band fitting. The amide I sub-peak ratios likely reflected changes in the collagen I structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Unal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Sasidhar Uppuganti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Calen J. Leverant
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Amy Creecy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Mathilde Granke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Paul Voziyan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jeffry S. Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
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22
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Magnusson SP, Kjaer M. The impact of loading, unloading, ageing and injury on the human tendon. J Physiol 2018; 597:1283-1298. [PMID: 29920664 DOI: 10.1113/jp275450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A tendon transfers force from the contracting muscle to the skeletal system to produce movement and is therefore a crucial component of the entire muscle-tendon complex and its function. However, tendon research has for some time focused on mechanical properties without any major appreciation of potential cellular and molecular changes. At the same time, methodological developments have permitted determination of the mechanical properties of human tendons in vivo, which was previously not possible. Here we review the current understanding of how tendons respond to loading, unloading, ageing and injury from cellular, molecular and mechanical points of view. A mechanistic understanding of tendon tissue adaptation will be vital for development of adequate guidelines in physical training and rehabilitation, as well as for optimal injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peter Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, NV.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, NV.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, NV.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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23
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Mirahmadi F, Koolstra JH, Lobbezoo F, van Lenthe GH, Ghazanfari S, Snabel J, Stoop R, Everts V. Mechanical stiffness of TMJ condylar cartilage increases after artificial aging by ribose. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 87:102-109. [PMID: 29275153 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aging is accompanied by a series of changes in mature tissues that influence their properties and functions. Collagen, as one of the main extracellular components of cartilage, becomes highly crosslinked during aging. In this study, the aim was to examine whether a correlation exists between collagen crosslinking induced by artificial aging and mechanical properties of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyle. To evaluate this hypothesis, collagen crosslinks were induced using ribose incubation. METHODS Porcine TMJ condyles were incubated for 7 days with different concentrations of ribose. The compressive modulus and stiffness ratio (incubated versus control) was determined after loading. Glycosaminoglycan and collagen content, and the number of crosslinks were analyzed. Tissue structure was visualized by microscopy using different staining methods. RESULTS Concomitant with an increasing concentration of ribose, an increase of collagen crosslinks was found. The number of crosslinks increased almost 50 fold after incubation with the highest concentration of ribose. Simultaneously, the stiffness ratio of the samples showed a significant increase after incubation with the ribose. Pearson correlation analyses showed a significant positive correlation between the overall stiffness ratio and the crosslink level; the higher the number of crosslinks the higher the stiffness. CONCLUSION The present model, in which ribose was used to mimic certain aspects of age-related changes, can be employed as an in vitro model to study age-related mechanical changes in the TMJ condyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Mirahmadi
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Biomechanics section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jan Harm Koolstra
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Lobbezoo
- Department of Oral Kinesiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - G Harry van Lenthe
- Biomechanics section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Samaneh Ghazanfari
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Aachen-Maastrciht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Reinout Stoop
- TNO Metabolic Health Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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24
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Tsujii A, Nakamura N, Horibe S. Age-related changes in the knee meniscus. Knee 2017; 24:1262-1270. [PMID: 28970119 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is the most prominent risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis (OA), which affects knees and causes major health burdens. Meniscal dysfunction mostly based on degeneration contributes to the development and progression of knee OA. Meniscal degeneration is caused by various extrinsic factors, such as repetitive trauma or leg malalignment, while meniscal aging is considered as internal changes, such as molecular or cellular changes. Little is known about age-related changes in the meniscus. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize and clarify the understanding of the aged meniscus. METHODS There are few articles about natural aging in the meniscus, because most reports only demonstrate the effects of OA on the meniscus. We searched PubMed (1948 to November 2016) to identify and summarize all English-language articles evaluating natural aging in the meniscus. RESULTS There is evidence of compositional change in the meniscus with aging, involving cells, collagens, and proteoglycans. In addition, as recent reports on the natural aging of cartilage have indicated, senescence of the meniscal cells may also lead to disruption of meniscal cells and tissue homeostasis. Due to the low turnover rate of collagen, accumulation of advanced glycation end-products largely contributes to tissue stiffness and vulnerability, and finally results in degenerative changes or tears. Furthermore, environmental factors such as joint fluid secreted by inflamed synovium could also contribute to meniscal tissue deterioration. CONCLUSIONS Age-related changes induce meniscal tissue vulnerability and finally lead to meniscal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tsujii
- Department of Orthopedics, Yao Municipal Hospital, Yao, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Norimasa Nakamura
- Institute for Medical Science in Sports, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Horibe
- Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefectural University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
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Jaisson S, Desmons A, Gorisse L, Gillery P. [Protein molecular aging: which role in physiopathology?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:176-182. [PMID: 28240209 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173302013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein molecular aging corresponds to all modifications affecting proteins during their biological life, which lead to the alteration of their structural and functional properties. This phenomenon participates in cell and tissue aging and is therefore involved in the aging of human organism. It is also amplified in various chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease, where it participates in the development of long-term complications. This review aims at describing the main reactions responsible for molecular aging, their impact on protein properties and the parameters which could influence this phenomenon. A general scheme explaining its role in physiopathology is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Jaisson
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Pôle de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Recherche Pédiatriques, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Aurore Desmons
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Pôle de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Recherche Pédiatriques, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Laëtitia Gorisse
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Gillery
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, UFR de Médecine, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Pôle de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Recherche Pédiatriques, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
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Baskin JZ, Soenjaya Y, McMasters J, Ko A, Vasanji A, Morris N, Eppell SJ. Nanophase bone substitute for craniofacial load bearing application: Pilot study in the rodent. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:520-532. [PMID: 28194875 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An exploratory pilot study shows that a rodent mandibular defect model is useful in determining the biological response to a nanophase collagen/apatite composite designed as a biomimetic load-bearing bone substitute. Using a critical size defect, eight groups of rats (n = 3) were implanted with four renditions of the nanophase bone substitute (NBS) biomaterial. Each rendition was tested with and without recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). NBS biomaterial renditions were: baseline, hyper-densified, d-ribose crosslinked, and d-ribose crosslinked and hyper-densified. Biological outcomes were assessed surgically, radiologically, and histologically. With the limited power available due to the small N's involved, some interesting hypotheses were generated that will be more fully investigated in future studies. BMP2 loaded NBS, when uncrosslinked, resulted in robust bone formation in the entire defect volume (regardless of porosity). Unloaded NBS were well tolerated but did not cause significant new bone formation in the defect volume. Densification alone had little effect on in vivo performance. Crosslinking thwarted implant uptake of BMP2 and resulted in fibrous encapsulation. It is concluded that the nanophase bone substitute is well tolerated in this bone defect model. When loaded with BMP2, implantation resulted in complete bony healing and defect closure with implant density (porosity) having little effect on bone healing or remodeling. Without BMP2 the biomaterial did not result in defect closure. Crosslinking, necessary to increase mechanical properties in an aqueous environment, disrupts osteointegration and BMP2 uptake. Alternate implant fabrication strategies will be necessary to achieve an improved balance between material strength and osteointegration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 520-532, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Z Baskin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yohannes Soenjaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James McMasters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alvin Ko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amit Vasanji
- Image IQ, A Cleveland Clinic Innovation Company, Solon, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Morris
- Case Western Reserve University, Center for Clinical Investigations, Statistical Science Core, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Steven J Eppell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Kumar Pasupulati A, Chitra PS, Reddy GB. Advanced glycation end products mediated cellular and molecular events in the pathology of diabetic nephropathy. Biomol Concepts 2016; 7:293-309. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2016-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Degenerative changes such as glomerular hypertrophy, hyperfiltration, widening of basement membranes, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis and podocytopathy manifest in various degrees of proteinuria in DN. One of the key mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of DN is non-enzymatic glycation (NEG). NEG is the irreversible attachment of reducing sugars onto free amino groups of proteins by a series of events, which include the formation of Schiff’s base and an Amadori product to yield advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGE modification of client proteins from the extracellular matrix induces crosslinking, which is often associated with thickening of the basement membrane. AGEs activate several intracellular signaling cascades upon interaction with receptor for AGEs (RAGE), which manifest in aberrant cellular responses such as inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy, whereas other receptors such as AGE-R1, AGE-R3 and scavenger receptors also bind to AGEs and ensue endocytosis and degradation of AGEs. Elevated levels of both serum and tissue AGEs are associated with adverse renal outcome. Increased evidence supports that attenuation of AGE formation and/or inhibition of RAGE activation manifest(s) in improving renal function. This review provides insights of NEG, discusses the cellular and molecular events triggered by AGEs, which manifest in the pathogenesis of DN including renal fibrosis, podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition and activation of renin-angiotensin system. Therapies designed to target AGEs, such as inhibitors of AGEs formation and crosslink breakers, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Swathi Chitra
- 2Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - G. Bhanuprakash Reddy
- 2Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Svensson RB, Heinemeier KM, Couppé C, Kjaer M, Magnusson SP. Effect of aging and exercise on the tendon. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:1237-1246. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00328.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we review the literature on how tendons respond and adapt to ageing and exercise. With respect to aging, there are considerable changes early in life, but this seems to be maturation rather than aging per se. In vitro data indicate that aging is associated with a decreased potential for cell proliferation and a reduction in the number of stem/progenitor-like cells. Further, there is persuasive evidence that turnover in the core of the tendon after maturity is very slow or absent. Tendon fibril diameter, collagen content, and whole tendon size appear to be largely unchanged with aging, while glycation-derived cross-links increase substantially. Mechanically, aging appears to be associated with a reduction in modulus and strength. With respect to exercise, tendon cells respond by producing growth factors, and there is some support for a loading-induced increase in tendon collagen synthesis in humans, which likely reflects synthesis at the very periphery of the tendon rather than the core. Average collagen fibril diameter is largely unaffected by exercise, while there can be some hypertrophy of the whole tendon. In addition, it seems that resistance training can yield increased stiffness and modulus of the tendon and may reduce the amount of glycation. Exercise thereby tends to counteract the effects of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene B. Svensson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katja Maria Heinemeier
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Christian Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - S. Peter Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark
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Couppé C, Svensson RB, Kongsgaard M, Kovanen V, Grosset JF, Snorgaard O, Bencke J, Larsen JO, Bandholm T, Christensen TM, Boesen A, Helmark IC, Aagaard P, Kjaer M, Magnusson SP. Human Achilles tendon glycation and function in diabetes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 120:130-7. [PMID: 26542519 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00547.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients have an increased risk of foot ulcers, and glycation of collagen may increase tissue stiffness. We hypothesized that the level of glycemic control (glycation) may affect Achilles tendon stiffness, which can influence gait pattern. We therefore investigated the relationship between collagen glycation, Achilles tendon stiffness parameters, and plantar pressure in poorly (n = 22) and well (n = 22) controlled diabetic patients, including healthy age-matched (45-70 yr) controls (n = 11). There were no differences in any of the outcome parameters (collagen cross-linking or tendon stiffness) between patients with well-controlled and poorly controlled diabetes. The overall effect of diabetes was explored by collapsing the diabetes groups (DB) compared with the controls. Skin collagen cross-linking lysylpyridinoline, hydroxylysylpyridinoline (136%, 80%, P < 0.01) and pentosidine concentrations (55%, P < 0.05) were markedly greater in DB. Furthermore, Achilles tendon material stiffness was higher in DB (54%, P < 0.01). Notably, DB also demonstrated higher forefoot/rearfoot peak-plantar-pressure ratio (33%, P < 0.01). Overall, Achilles tendon material stiffness and skin connective tissue cross-linking were greater in diabetic patients compared with controls. The higher foot pressure indicates that material stiffness of tendon and other tissue (e.g., skin and joint capsule) may influence foot gait. The difference in foot pressure distribution may contribute to the development of foot ulcers in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Couppé
- IOC Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physical Therapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Rene Brüggebusch Svensson
- IOC Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Kongsgaard
- IOC Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vuokko Kovanen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jean-Francois Grosset
- CNRS UMR 7338, Biomécanique et Bioingénierie, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Paris, France
| | - Ole Snorgaard
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bencke
- Gait Analysis Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jytte Overgaard Larsen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bandholm
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research-Copenhagen, Department of Physical Therapy, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark; Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Boesen
- IOC Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Carøe Helmark
- IOC Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- IOC Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Peter Magnusson
- IOC Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physical Therapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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DiLiberto FE, Tome J, Baumhauer JF, Houck J, Nawoczenski DA. Individual metatarsal and forefoot kinematics during walking in people with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy. Gait Posture 2015; 42:435-41. [PMID: 26253996 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare in-vivo kinematic angular excursions of individual metatarsal segments and a unified forefoot segment in people with Diabetes Mellitus and peripheral neuropathy (DMPN) without deformity or ulceration to a healthy matched control group. Thirty subjects were recruited. A five- segment foot model (1st, 3rd, and 5th metatarsals, calcaneus, tibia) was used to examine relative 3D angular excursions during the terminal stance phase of walking. Student t-tests were used to assess group differences in kinematics. Pearson correlations and cross-correlations were used to assess relationships between the motion of the individual metatarsals and the unified forefoot. Significant reductions of DMPN group sagittal plane angular excursions were detected in all individual metatarsals and the unified forefoot (p < 0.01). Frontal plane 3rd metatarsal excursion was reduced (p = 0.04) in the DMPN group. The 3rd and 5th metatarsal and the unified forefoot excursions were reduced (p ≤ 0.02) in the DMPN group in the transverse plane. In both groups, coupling of individual metatarsal and unified forefoot motion was strongest in the sagittal plane. This study illustrates that multiple individual metatarsals have reduced motion in people with DMPN. Differences in the magnitude and coupling between individual metatarsal motion and unified forefoot motion supports the use of a two segment forefoot modeling approach in future kinematic analyses. Further study is recommended to determine if the observed kinematic profile is related to the development and location of deformity and tissue breakdown in people with DMPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E DiLiberto
- University of Rochester, School of Nursing, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Josh Tome
- Ithaca College, Movement Analysis Lab, 953 Danby Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Judith F Baumhauer
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Jeff Houck
- George Fox University, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, 414N. Meridian St. #V123, Newberg, OR 97132, USA.
| | - Deborah A Nawoczenski
- University of Rochester, Department of Orthopaedics, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Poundarik AA, Wu PC, Evis Z, Sroga GE, Ural A, Rubin M, Vashishth D. A direct role of collagen glycation in bone fracture. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 52:120-130. [PMID: 26530231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic glycation (NEG) is an age-related process accelerated by diseases like diabetes, and causes the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). NEG-mediated modification of bone's organic matrix, principally collagen type-I, has been implicated in impairing skeletal physiology and mechanics. Here, we present evidence, from in vitro and in vivo models, and establish a causal relationship between collagen glycation and alterations in bone fracture at multiple length scales. Through atomic force spectroscopy, we established that NEG impairs collagen's ability to dissipate energy. Mechanical testing of in vitro glycated human bone specimen revealed that AGE accumulation due to NEG dramatically reduces the capacity of organic and mineralized matrix to creep and caused bone to fracture under impact at low levels of strain (3000-5000 μstrain) typically associated with fall. Fracture mechanics tests of NEG modified human cortical bone of varying ages, and their age-matched controls revealed that NEG disrupted microcracking based toughening mechanisms and reduced bone propagation and initiation fracture toughness across all age groups. A comprehensive mechanistic model, based on experimental and modeling data, was developed to explain how NEG and AGEs are causal to, and predictive of bone fragility. Furthermore, fracture mechanics and indentation testing on diabetic mice bones revealed that diabetes mediated NEG severely disrupts bone matrix quality in vivo. Finally, we show that AGEs are predictive of bone quality in aging humans and have diagnostic applications in fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atharva A Poundarik
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Ping-Cheng Wu
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Zafer Evis
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Middle East Technical University, Department of Engineering Sciences, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Grazyna E Sroga
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Ani Ural
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Mishaela Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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Relationship Between Skin Intrinsic Fluorescence--an Indicator of Advanced Glycation End Products-and Upper Extremity Impairments in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus. Phys Ther 2015; 95:1111-9. [PMID: 25858973 PMCID: PMC4528014 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20140340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is thought to contribute to limited joint mobility in people with diabetes mellitus (DM), but the relationships among AGEs, shoulder structural changes, movement, and disability are not understood. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the differences and relationships among skin intrinsic fluorescence (SIF), a proxy measure of AGEs, biceps and supraspinatus tendon thickness, upper extremity movement, and disability in groups with and without DM. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional, case-control study. METHODS Fifty-two individuals participated: 26 with type 2 DM and 26 controls matched for sex, age, and body mass index. The main outcome measures were: SIF; biceps and supraspinatus tendon thickness; 3-dimensional peak shoulder motion; and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire scores. RESULTS Mean SIF measurements were 19% higher in the DM group compared with the control group (P<.05). Biceps tendons (mean and 95% confidence interval [CI]) (4.7 mm [4.4, 5.0] versus 3.2 mm [2.9, 3.5]) and supraspinatus tendons (6.4 mm [5.9, 6.8] versus 4.9 mm [4.4, 5.3]) were thicker and peak humerothoracic elevation (139° [135°, 146°] versus 150° [146°, 155°]) and glenohumeral external rotation (35° [26°, 46°] versus 51° [41°, 58°]) were reduced in the DM group compared with the control group (P<.05). In the DM group, SIF was correlated to biceps tendon thickness, DASH score, and shoulder motion (r=.44-.51, P<.05). The SIF score and shoulder strength explained 64% of the DASH scores (P<.01). LIMITATIONS Because this was a cross-sectional study design, a cause-effect relationship could not be established. CONCLUSIONS Accumulation of AGEs in the connective tissues of individuals with DM appears to be associated with increased tendon thickness and decreased shoulder joint mobility and upper extremity function. Physical therapists should be aware of these possible metabolic effects on structure, movement, and disability when treating people with diabetes.
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Chiue H, Yamazoye T, Matsumura S. Localization of the dominant non-enzymatic intermolecular cross-linking sites on fibrous collagen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:445-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Toth-Manikowski S, Atta MG. Diabetic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Targets. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:697010. [PMID: 26064987 PMCID: PMC4430644 DOI: 10.1155/2015/697010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a worldwide epidemic that has led to a rise in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Over the past two decades, there has been significant clarification of the various pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of DKD. Nonetheless, very little has changed in the way clinicians manage patients with this disorder. Indeed, treatment is primarily centered on controlling hyperglycemia and hypertension and inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. The purpose of this review is to describe the current understanding of how the hemodynamic, metabolic, inflammatory, and alternative pathways are all entangled in pathogenesis of DKD and detail the various therapeutic targets that may one day play a role in quelling this epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Toth-Manikowski
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument Street, Suite 416, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mohamed G. Atta
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument Street, Suite 416, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Shah KM, Clark BR, McGill JB, Lang CE, Mueller MJ. Shoulder limited joint mobility in people with diabetes mellitus. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2015; 30:308-13. [PMID: 25595462 PMCID: PMC4363299 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited joint mobility at the shoulder is an understudied problem in people with diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in shoulder kinematics between a group with diabetes and those without diabetes. METHODS Fifty-two participants were recruited, 26 with diabetes and 26 non-diabetes controls (matched for age, BMI and sex). Three-dimensional position of the trunk, scapula and humerus were collected using electromagnetic tracking sensors during scapular plane elevation and rotation movements. FINDINGS Glenohumeral external rotation was reduced by 11.1°-16.3° (P<0.05) throughout the humerothoracic elevation range of motion, from neutral to peak elevation, in individuals with diabetes as compared to controls. Peak humerothoracic elevation was decreased by 10-14°, and peak external rotation with the arm abducted was decreased 22° in the diabetes group compared to controls (P<0.05). Scapulothoracic and glenohumeral internal rotation motions were not different between the two groups. INTERPRETATION Shoulder limited joint mobility, in particular decreased external rotation, was seen in individuals with diabetes as compared to control participants. Future research should investigate causes of diabetic limited joint mobility and strategies to improve shoulder mobility and prevent additional detrimental changes in movement and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B. Ruth Clark
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Janet B. McGill
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Catherine E. Lang
- Program in Physical Therapy, Program in Occupational Therapy, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Michael J. Mueller
- Program in Physical Therapy and Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
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Svensson RB, Couppé C, Magnusson SP. Mechanical Properties of the Aging Tendon. ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND PROCESSES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03970-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zakaria MHB, Davis WA, Davis TME. Incidence and predictors of hospitalization for tendon rupture in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study. Diabet Med 2014; 31:425-30. [PMID: 24151882 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the incidence and predictors of tendon ruptures requiring hospitalization of representative patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 1296 patients from the longitudinal observational Fremantle Diabetes Study, Phase I, and 5159 de-identified age- and sex-matched control subjects without diabetes from the same urban area were studied. The patients' mean (sd) age was 64.0 (11.3) years and 48.6% of them were male. Their median (interquartile range) diabetes duration was 4.0 (1.0-9.0) years. The main outcome assessed was any tendon rupture requiring hospitalization in the Fremantle Diabetes Study subjects and the matched control subjects. Independent predictors of spontaneous ruptures in the patients from the Fremantle Diabetes Study were assessed using Cox proportional hazards modelling. RESULTS The incidence rate ratio for any tendon rupture requiring hospitalization in patients vs control subjects was 1.44 (95% CI 1.10-1.87; P = 0.005). Independent predictors of spontaneous ruptures in patients were BMI [hazard ratio 1.05 (95% CI 1.002-1.10] for 1 kg/m2 increase; P = 0.010] and alcohol consumption [hazard ratio 1.52 (95% CI 1.11-2.09) for √1 standard drink/day increase; P = 0.010]. Adjustment of the incidence rate ratio for overall rupture requiring hospitalization for these variables using the BMI and alcohol consumption data from the contemporary Australian general population suggested it could be as high as 1.84. CONCLUSIONS There is a greater risk of tendon rupture requiring hospitalization in people with type 2 diabetes. Alcohol consumption and adiposity are potentially modifiable risk factors of spontaneous ruptures in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H B Zakaria
- University of Western Australia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia
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Singh VP, Bali A, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Advanced glycation end products and diabetic complications. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:1-14. [PMID: 24634591 PMCID: PMC3951818 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 867] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During long standing hyperglycaemic state in diabetes mellitus, glucose forms covalent adducts with the plasma proteins through a non-enzymatic process known as glycation. Protein glycation and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications like retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy along with some other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and aging. Glycation of proteins interferes with their normal functions by disrupting molecular conformation, altering enzymatic activity, and interfering with receptor functioning. AGEs form intra- and extracellular cross linking not only with proteins, but with some other endogenous key molecules including lipids and nucleic acids to contribute in the development of diabetic complications. Recent studies suggest that AGEs interact with plasma membrane localized receptors for AGEs (RAGE) to alter intracellular signaling, gene expression, release of pro-inflammatory molecules and free radicals. The present review discusses the glycation of plasma proteins such as albumin, fibrinogen, globulins and collagen to form different types of AGEs. Furthermore, the role of AGEs in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications including retinopathy, cataract, neuropathy, nephropathy and cardiomyopathy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Parkash Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| | - Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
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Singh VP, Bali A, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Advanced glycation end products and diabetic complications. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014. [PMID: 24634591 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During long standing hyperglycaemic state in diabetes mellitus, glucose forms covalent adducts with the plasma proteins through a non-enzymatic process known as glycation. Protein glycation and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications like retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy along with some other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and aging. Glycation of proteins interferes with their normal functions by disrupting molecular conformation, altering enzymatic activity, and interfering with receptor functioning. AGEs form intra- and extracellular cross linking not only with proteins, but with some other endogenous key molecules including lipids and nucleic acids to contribute in the development of diabetic complications. Recent studies suggest that AGEs interact with plasma membrane localized receptors for AGEs (RAGE) to alter intracellular signaling, gene expression, release of pro-inflammatory molecules and free radicals. The present review discusses the glycation of plasma proteins such as albumin, fibrinogen, globulins and collagen to form different types of AGEs. Furthermore, the role of AGEs in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications including retinopathy, cataract, neuropathy, nephropathy and cardiomyopathy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Parkash Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| | - Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India
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Longo UG, Petrillo S, Berton A, Spiezia F, Loppini M, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Role of serum fibrinogen levels in patients with rotator cuff tears. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:685820. [PMID: 24817887 PMCID: PMC4003788 DOI: 10.1155/2014/685820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy is a frequent pathology of the shoulder, the real understanding of its aetiopathogenesis is still unclear. Several studies showed that RC tendinopathy is more frequent in patients with hyperglycemia, diabetes, obesity, or metabolic syndrome. This paper aims to evaluate the serum concentration of fibrinogen in patients with RC tears. Metabolic disorders have been related to high concentration of serum fibrinogen and the activity of fibrinogen has been proven to be crucial in the development of microvascular damage. Thus, it may produce progression of RC degeneration by reducing the vascular supply of tendons. We report the results of a cross-sectional frequency-matched case-control study comparing the serum concentration of fibrinogen of patients with RC tears with that of a control group of patients without history of RC tears who underwent arthroscopic meniscectomy. We choose to enrol in the control group patients with pathology of the lower limb with a likely mechanic, not metabolic, cause, different from tendon pathology. We found no statistically significant differences in serum concentration of fibrinogen when comparing patients with RC tears and patients who underwent arthroscopic meniscectomy (P = 0.5). Further studies are necessary to clarify the role of fibrinogen in RC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR), Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Petrillo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR), Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy
- *Stefano Petrillo:
| | - Alessandra Berton
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR), Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Spiezia
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR), Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Loppini
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR), Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, Mann Ward, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, UK
- Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Salerno, 84048 Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR), Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Couppé C, Svensson RB, Grosset JF, Kovanen V, Nielsen RH, Olsen MR, Larsen JO, Praet SFE, Skovgaard D, Hansen M, Aagaard P, Kjaer M, Magnusson SP. Life-long endurance running is associated with reduced glycation and mechanical stress in connective tissue. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9665. [PMID: 24997017 PMCID: PMC4150896 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Life-long regular endurance exercise is known to counteract the deterioration of cardiovascular and metabolic function and overall mortality. Yet it remains unknown if life-long regular endurance exercise can influence the connective tissue accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) that is associated with aging and lifestyle-related diseases. We therefore examined two groups of healthy elderly men: 15 master athletes (64 ± 4 years) who had been engaged in life-long endurance running and 12 old untrained (66 ± 4 years) together with two groups of healthy young men; ten young athletes matched for running distance (26 ± 4 years), and 12 young untrained (24 ± 3 years). AGE cross-links (pentosidine) of the patellar tendon were measured biochemically, and in the skin, it was assessed by a fluorometric method. In addition, we determined mechanical properties and microstructure of the patellar tendon. Life-long regular endurance runners (master athletes) had a 21 % lower AGE cross-link density compared to old untrained. Furthermore, both master athletes and young athletes displayed a thicker patellar tendon. These cross-sectional data suggest that life-long regular endurance running can partly counteract the aging process in connective tissue by reducing age-related accumulation of AGEs. This may not only benefit skin and tendon but also other long-lived protein tissues in the body. Furthermore, it appears that endurance running yields tendon tissue hypertrophy that may serve to lower the stress on the tendon and thereby reduce the risk of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Bldg. 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark,
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Quondamatteo F. Skin and diabetes mellitus: what do we know? Cell Tissue Res 2013; 355:1-21. [PMID: 24318789 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Although major complications of this condition involve kidney, retina and peripheral nerves, the skin of diabetic patients is also frequently injured. Hence, interest is mounting in the definition of the structural and molecular profile of non-complicated diabetic skin, i.e., before injuries occur. Most of the available knowledge in this area has been obtained relatively recently and, in part, derives from various diabetic animal models. These include both insulin-dependent and insulin-resistant models. Structural work in human diabetic skin has also been carried out by means of tissue samples or of non-invasive methods. Indications have indeed been found for molecular/structural changes in diabetic skin. However, the overall picture that emerges is heterogeneous, incomplete and often contradictory and many questions remain unanswered. This review aims to detail, as much as possible, the various pieces of current knowledge in a systematic and synoptic manner. This should aid the identification of areas in which key questions are still open and more research is needed. A comprehensive understanding of this field could help in determining molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of skin injuries in DM and markers for the monitoring of cutaneous and systemic aspects of the disease. Additionally, with the increasing development of non-invasive optics-based deep-tissue-imaging diagnostic technologies, precise knowledge of cutaneous texture and molecular structure becomes an important pre-requisite for the use of such methods in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Quondamatteo
- Skin and ECM Research Group-Anatomy, NUI Galway, Anatomy Building, University Road, Galway, Ireland,
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Bourne JW, Lippell JM, Torzilli PA. Glycation cross-linking induced mechanical-enzymatic cleavage of microscale tendon fibers. Matrix Biol 2013; 34:179-84. [PMID: 24316373 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent molecular modeling data using collagen peptides predicted that mechanical force transmitted through intermolecular cross-links resulted in collagen triple helix unwinding. These simulations further predicted that this unwinding, referred to as triple helical microunfolding, occurred at forces well below canonical collagen damage mechanisms. Based in large part on these data, we hypothesized that mechanical loading of glycation cross-linked tendon microfibers would result in accelerated collagenolytic enzyme damage. This hypothesis is in stark contrast to reports in literature that indicated that individually mechanical loading or cross-linking each retards enzymatic degradation of collagen substrates. Using our Collagen Enzyme Mechano-Kinetic Automated Testing (CEMKAT) System we mechanically loaded collagen-rich tendon microfibers that had been chemically cross-linked with sugar and tested for degrading enzyme susceptibility. Our results indicated that cross-linked fibers were >5 times more resistant to enzymatic degradation while unloaded but became highly susceptible to enzyme cleavage when they were stretched by an applied mechanical deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Bourne
- Laboratory for Soft Tissue Research, Tissue Engineering, Regeneration and Repair Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10021, United States; Physiology, Biophysics & Systems Biology Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.
| | - Jared M Lippell
- Laboratory for Soft Tissue Research, Tissue Engineering, Regeneration and Repair Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Peter A Torzilli
- Laboratory for Soft Tissue Research, Tissue Engineering, Regeneration and Repair Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10021, United States; Physiology, Biophysics & Systems Biology Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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Wolfson TS, Hamula MJ, Jazrawi LM. Impact of diabetes mellitus on surgical outcomes in sports medicine. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2013; 41:64-77. [PMID: 24231598 DOI: 10.3810/psm.2013.11.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects a significant proportion of the patients evaluated and treated by orthopedic surgeons who specialize in sports medicine. Sports-medicine-related conditions associated with DM include tendinopathy, adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, and articular cartilage disease. This article reviews the current literature adressing the effect of DM on surgical outcomes in sports medicine. In general, patients with DM undergo operations more frequently and experience inferior surgical outcomes compared with patients without DM. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased rates of complications from sports medicine procedures, such as infection, delayed healing, and failure of the operation. However, additional research is needed to determine the full impact of DM on patient outcomes in sports medicine. Surgeons should be cognizant of special considerations in the population of patients with DM and aim to tailor the surgical management of this growing patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore S Wolfson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY
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Lee T, Park J, Park SB, Teoh JC. Assessment of plantar soft tissue stiffness as a consequence of tissue glycation. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2013.799559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Li Y, Fessel G, Georgiadis M, Snedeker JG. Advanced glycation end-products diminish tendon collagen fiber sliding. Matrix Biol 2013; 32:169-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Willett TL, Sutty S, Gaspar A, Avery N, Grynpas M. In vitro non-enzymatic ribation reduces post-yield strain accommodation in cortical bone. Bone 2013. [PMID: 23178516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic glycation (NEG) and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) may contribute to bone fragility in various diseases, ageing, and other conditions by modifying bone collagen and causing degraded mechanical properties. In this study, we sought to further understand how collagen modification in an in vitro non-enzymatic ribation model leads to loss of cortical bone toughness. Previous in vitro studies using non-enzymatic ribation reported loss of ductility in the cortical bone. Increased crosslinking is most commonly blamed for these changes; however, some studies report positive correlations between measures of total collagen crosslinking and work-to-fracture/toughness measurements whilst correlations between general NEG and measures of ductility are often negative. Fifteen bone beam triplets were cut from bovine metatarsi. Each provided one native non-incubated control, one incubated control and one ribated specimen. Incubation involved simulated body fluid±ribose for fourteen days at 37°C. Pentosidine and pyridinoline crosslinks were measured using HPLC. Three-point bending tests quantified mechanical properties. Fracture surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The effects of ribation on bone collagen molecular stability and intermolecular connectivity were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and hydrothermal isometric tension testing. Ribation caused increased non-enzymatic collagen modification and pentosidine content (16mmol/mol collagen) and inferior post-yield mechanical behaviour, especially post-yield strain and flexural toughness. Fracture surfaces were smoother with less collagen fibril deformation or tearing than observed in controls. In the ribated group only, pentosidine content and thermomechanical measures of crosslinking were positively correlated with measures of strain accommodation and energy absorption before failure. Non-enzymatic ribation and the resulting modifications reduce cortical bone pseudo-plasticity through a reduced capacity for post-yield strain accommodation. However, the positive correlations we have found suggest that increased crosslinking may not provide a complete explanation for this embrittlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Willett
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 100 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L5.
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Egemen O, Ozkaya O, Ozturk MB, Sen E, Akan M, Sakiz D, Aygit C. The biomechanical and histological effects of diabetes on tendon healing: experimental study in rats. J Hand Microsurg 2012; 4:60-4. [PMID: 24293952 DOI: 10.1007/s12593-012-0074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical and histological perspectives of healing of Achilles tendon in diabetic rats and compare the results with non-diabetic subjects. Fifty four adult Wistar Albino rats weighing 300-350 g were used throughout the study. Six animals were excluded from the study and replaced. Rats were randomly assigned to either the experimental or the control group comprised of 24 rats in each. Diabetes was induced in experimental group with streptozotocin. 3 days after the induction of diabetes, both Achilles tendons were transected 5 mm proximal to their insertions to the calcaneal bone and repaired by using 6/0 polypropylene sutures with modified Kessler method. At weeks 2, 4 and 6, eight rats from each group were euthanized. Left Achilles tendons including the repair site were prepared for histological evaluation and right legs were prepared for mechanical testing. When compared to control group, diabetic animals displayed a lower peak force for failure in each of the second, fourth and sixth week. The differences between the groups in each week were found to be significant in statistical assessments (p < 0.05). Histologic assessment revealed that the diabetic animals had significantly less amount of fibroblast proliferation and lymphocyte infiltration compared to the control group. There is significant delay in tendon strength at the end of week 2, 4 and 6 postoperatively in the diabetic rats. Therefore diabetic individuals require specific postoperative follow up and rehabilitation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Egemen
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Okmeydani Education and Reserch Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey ; Atakoy 4. Kisim, TO 80 Blok, 34158 Bakirkoy, Istanbul Turkey
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Willett TL, Kandel R, De Croos JNA, Avery NC, Grynpas MD. Enhanced levels of non-enzymatic glycation and pentosidine crosslinking in spontaneous osteoarthritis progression. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:736-44. [PMID: 22469851 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that heightened advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) content in cartilage accelerates the progression of spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA) in the Hartley guinea pig (HGP) model. METHODS Twenty-eight male, 3-month-old HGPs were used. Eight were left untreated as a baseline control group and sacrificed at 3 months of age (n = 4) and 9 months of age (n = 4; age-matched controls). The other 20 HGPs received intra-articular knee injections in the right knee whereas the left knees acted as contra-lateral non-injected controls. Injections consisted of 100 μl phosphate buffered saline (PBS; n = 10) or PBS+2.0 M D-(-)-Ribose (n = 10). Injections were given once weekly for 24 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the tibiae were fixed with formalin, scanned with microCT for sub-chondral bone mineral density, and then histological slides were prepared, stained with Safranin-O with Fast Green counter stain and scored using the OARSI-HISTOgp scheme. Cartilage pentosidine (established biomarker for AGEs) content, collagen content (% dry mass), glucosaminoglycan GAG-to-collagen ratio (μg/μg), GAG-to-DNA ratio and DNA-to-collagen ratio were measured. RESULTS Pentosidine content increased greatly due to PBS + Ribose injection (P < 0.0001) and reached levels found in cartilage from 80-year-old humans. Surprisingly, mean OARSI-HISTOgp scores for both the injected and contra-lateral controls in the PBS + Ribose group were not detectably different, nor were they different from the mean score for the age-matched control group. CONCLUSION AGEs accumulation due to intra-articular ribose-containing injections in the HGP model of spontaneous knee OA did not enhance disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Willett
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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