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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Löfgren Syndrome: Clinical Presentation, Clinical Course, and Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e33651. [PMID: 36788849 PMCID: PMC9912994 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Löfgren syndrome is an acute presentation of sarcoidosis that comprises fever, bilateral and symmetric hilar lymphadenopathies, polyarthritis, and erythema. We present the case of a 34-year-old male patient who presented with ankle monoarthritis without a history of a traumatic event. Contralateral ankle arthritis associated with erythema nodosum and fever developed one week later. Laboratory tests showed anemia, thrombocytosis, and elevated inflammatory parameters. A chest CT revealed symmetrical mediastinal and hilar adenopathies. A transbronchial biopsy was compatible with granulomatous lymphadenitis, and the diagnosis of Löfgren syndrome was confirmed. Our case report and literature review emphasize the wide web of mimicry of acute sarcoidosis. Secondary forms of acute sarcoidosis are likely to benefit from additional and more complex immunomodulatory therapies. Close monitoring and follow-up should be conducted because it is possible that these patients experience higher rates of recurrence or relapse.
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Concurrent Diagnoses of Cutaneous Sarcoidosis and Recurrent Metastatic Breast Cancer: More than a Coincidental Occurrence? Case Rep Dermatol Med 2018; 2018:2812439. [PMID: 30254768 PMCID: PMC6145152 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2812439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a rare, chronic, multisystem disease of unknown aetiology, characterised by non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas. Its association with internal malignancy, in particular haematological cancers has been strongly documented in the literature, while its link with solid organ malignancies is less extensively reported. We present an atypical case of cutaneous sarcoidosis occurring in association with breast cancer recurrence in a 49-year-old female. Physician recognition of this link between sarcoidosis and internal malignancy is vital because many cases of sarcoidosis in association with neoplasia present initially, or even exclusively, with cutaneous sarcoidal lesions that may precede the development of cancer by several years, or as in our case, present as a cutaneous marker of concomitant underlying malignancy. Our case highlights the importance of age-appropriate cancer screening in additional to a routine work-up for systemic sarcoidosis in a patient with cutaneous sarcoidosis.
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Chen J, Carter R, Maoz D, Tobar A, Sharon E, Greif F. Breast Cancer and Sarcoidosis: Case Series and Review of the Literature. Breast Care (Basel) 2015. [PMID: 26195943 DOI: 10.1159/000381324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, which can involve different organs and systems. Accordingly, sarcoidosis can mimic breast cancer, making the differential diagnosis very difficult. CASE REPORT 5 patients with a diagnosis of both sarcoidosis and breast cancer followed by the Rabin Medical Center between January 1993 and June 2012 were enrolled in this study. Additionally, a comprehensive literature review which identified 104 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and sarcoidosis was carried out. In both populations reviewed, the average age at diagnosis of sarcoidosis and breast cancer was 57 years. Among the 66 patients with both sarcoidosis and breast cancer, sarcoidosis preceded breast cancer in 31 cases, followed it in 23 cases, and appeared concurrently in 10 cases. CONCLUSION Based on our clinical cases and literature review, a histological study is recommended over imaging if sarcoidosis or breast cancer may be present. Furthermore, breast cancer is rarely associated with sarcoidosis or sarcoidosis-like reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Chen
- Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ; US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Carter
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Maoz
- Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ana Tobar
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eran Sharon
- Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Franklin Greif
- Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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von Knorring J. Treatment and prognosis in polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis. A ten-year survey of 53 patients. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA 2009; 205:429-35. [PMID: 443084 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1979.tb06077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Shabb NS, Tawil A, Gergeos F, Saleh M, Azar S. Multinucleated giant cells in fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules: their diagnostic significance. Diagn Cytopathol 1999; 21:307-12. [PMID: 10527475 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(199911)21:5<307::aid-dc2>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) are reported in many thyroid lesions. This study examines whether their quantity and quality can help in the differential diagnosis. All fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) of the thyroid with a "significant" number of MNGCs were reviewed from 1995 -1998. There were 23 cases (<1% of thyroid FNAs): 8 papillary carcinomas (PC), 4 subacute thyroiditis (ST), 3 granulomas, 7 adenomatous goiters (AG), and one Hurthle-cell adenoma (HA). MNGCs with dense cytoplasm were seen exclusively in PC, ST, and granulomas. They had angulated shapes. They were most numerous, largest, and with the highest number of nuclei in ST and granulomas. MNGCs with foamy cytoplasm were seen in AG and HA and 80% of the other cases (PC, ST, and granulomas). In PC, rare MNGCs had intranuclear inclusions and grooves. The accompanying cell population was characteristic of each disease. The quantity and quality of MNGCs in thyroid FNA may be helpful in narrowing the differential diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1999;21:307-312.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Shabb
- Department of Pathology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Abstract
This article reviews the pathology of sarcoidosis that covers the general and systemic aspects of the disease. Macroscopic and microscopic descriptions of the disease process are given for selected organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Sheffield
- Department of Pathology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom
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Natvig JB, Thompson K, Randen I, Steinitz M, Taussig M, Beale D, Barker P, Sletten K, Waalen K, Førre O. Partial amino acid sequence analysis and variable subgroup determination (VH and VL) of a monoclonal rheumatoid factor derived from a rheumatoid arthritis patient. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 1988; 75:127-32. [PMID: 3149007 DOI: 10.3109/03009748809096753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Continuous cell lines secreting monoclonal rheumatoid factors (RF) were derived from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients by cloning Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B cells and by hybridoma techniques. We studied five different clones with stable RF secretion. All were IgM, 4 kappa and 1 lambda. One of these clones, RFAN was extensively studied, and the partial amino acid sequences of the variable regions of both heavy and light chains were determined. After affinity purification, the IgM lambda RF antibody derived from the EBV clone was run under reducing conditions on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The separated heavy and light chains were blotted and then sequenced by a gas-phase sequenator. The N-terminal sequence of the lambda light chain corresponded to that of the V lambda III subgroup. The heavy chain of the same IgM RF clone had a blocked N-terminus, but a cyanogen bromide peptide starting after methionine at position 82 showed a sequence typical of the VHIII subgroup. Heavy and light chains were also prepared by gel filtration after reduction and carboxymethylation from the same EBV clone made into a hybridoma. After this preparation, the heavy chain was not blocked and the N-terminal sequence confirmed that the heavy chain variable region belonged to the VHIII subgroup. We believe this to be the first amino acid sequence study of a monoclonal RF derived from the repertoire of an RA patient.
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Brien JP. Actinic granuloma: the expanding significance. An analysis of its origin in elastotic ("aging") skin and a definition of necrobiotic (vascular), histiocytic, and sarcoid variants. Int J Dermatol 1985; 24:473-90. [PMID: 2415473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1985.tb05826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kuhara H, Wakabayashi T, Kishimoto H, Ichimura K, Torii Y, Yamamoto M. Lung cancer and chronic interstitial pneumonia associated with systemic sarcoidosis. ACTA PATHOLOGICA JAPONICA 1985; 35:199-211. [PMID: 4003090 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1985.tb02219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer and chronic interstitial pneumonia associated with systemic sarcoidosis was detected in a 66-year-old woman at autopsy. Histologically, hyalinized sarcoid lesions were scattered in cervical lymph nodes, thoracic lymph nodes, abdominal lymph nodes, and spleen. Scattered non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas with giant cells were observed in both lungs demoting cancer and chronic interstitial pneumonia. A tumor mass occupying right hilar portion was well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma involving right upper lobe and right hilar lymph nodes. In the lower lobe of the left lung, a small nodule of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was detected. Alveolar septa, especially in both lower lobes of the lungs were thickened diffusely with fibrosis, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Alveolar cavities contained hyaline membrane and large mononuclear cells. Atypical bronchiolar epithelial proliferation and squamous metaplasia associated with squamous cell carcinoma were detected. The clinical and pathological characteristics among eight reported cases of lung cancer associated with sarcoidosis and three reported cases of interstitial pneumonia associated with sarcoidosis were reviewed separately. There is no report describing both lung cancer and chronic interstitial pneumonia associated with sarcoidosis.
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Longson D, Young B. Present use of five-day wards. West J Med 1981. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.283.6285.235-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hunt PA. Will doctors miss out again? West J Med 1981. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.283.6285.236-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bellamy S. Too few vocational training schemes. West J Med 1981. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.283.6285.236-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lynch D. Doctors' pay. West J Med 1981. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.283.6285.236-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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McMinn RM. Doctors' pay. West J Med 1981. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.283.6285.236-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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MacGregor G. Giant-cell arteritis mimicking carcinoma of the breast. BMJ : BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1981; 283:236. [PMID: 6789981 PMCID: PMC1506681 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.283.6285.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Chattopadhyay H, Chattopadhyay C, Natvig JB, Mellbye OJ, Pahle J. Spontaneous release of leucocyte migration-inhibitory factor by mononuclear cells eluted from rheumatoid synovial tissue. Scand J Immunol 1980; 12:475-9. [PMID: 7017903 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1980.tb00093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous leucocyte migration-inhibitory factor (LIF) was assayed by an indirect system in which mononuclear cells (MNC) eluted from rheumatoid synovial tissues or isolated from peripheral blood of normal donors were cultured without antigen. The supernatants from these cultures and control supernatants, heated to 80 degrees C for 30 min to destroy the LIF activity, were used in the test. In seven out of eleven rheumatoid arthritis patients the eluted synovial MNC produced LIF spontaneously, whereas none of the twelve normal blood donors showed any such production. The ability to show spontaneous LIF production was primarily seen in the joint tissues from sero-negative patients.
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Chattopadhyay C, Chattopadhyay H, Natvig JB, Mellbye OJ. Rheumatoid synovial lymphocytes lack concanavalin-A-activated suppressor cell activity. Scand J Immunol 1979; 10:479-86. [PMID: 161817 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1979.tb01378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Synovial lymphocytes eluted by enzyme treatment from eleven patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were investigated for the presence of concanavalin A (Con A)-activated suppressor cell activity as compared with that of peripheral blood lymphocytes of twenty normal donors. In addition, two patients with psoriatic arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were also investigated. Synovial lymphocytes from the eleven RA patients showed a mean augmentation of 28 +/- 13.30, and thus clearly lacked suppressor activity, whereas the mean suppression in the lymphocytes from the twenty normal donors was 13 +/- 14.40. Synovial lymphocytes from one patient with JRA and one with psoriatic arthritis showed a normal suppressor activity.
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Abstract
A patient with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is reported in whom, at the time of diagnosis, the number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood and bone marrow was normal. Lymphocytic infiltration typical of PMR was detected in renal and muscle biopsy specimens, and a liver fine-needle aspirate contained an abnormal lymphocytic infiltration, probably leukaemic. The number of lymphocytes gradually increased in bone marrow and peripheral blood until, almost 5 years after PMR had been diagnosed, a typical picture of chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) was observable. The significance of the reported combination is discussed. The possibility is pointed out that a CLL in progress must be suspected when persistent lymphocytosis occurs in a patient with typical PMR, even if initially the response to treatment with corticosteroids suggests that PMR is the sole disorder.
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