Nagatomo S, Kitagawa T, Nagai M. Roles of Fe-Histidine bonds in stability of hemoglobin: Recognition of protein flexibility by Q Sepharose.
Biophys J 2021;
120:2734-2745. [PMID:
34087219 DOI:
10.1016/j.bpj.2021.05.014]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Using various mutants, we investigated to date the roles of the Fe-histidine (F8) bonds in cooperative O2 binding of human hemoglobin (Hb) and differences in roles between α- and β-subunits in the α2β2 tetramer. An Hb variant with a mutation in the heme cavity exhibited an unexpected feature. When the β mutant rHb (βH92G), in which the proximal histidine (His F8) of the β-subunit is replaced by glycine (Gly), was subjected to ion-exchange chromatography (Q Sepharose column) and eluted with an NaCl concentration gradient in the presence of imidazole, yielded two large peaks, whereas the corresponding α-mutant, rHb (αH87G), gave a single peak similar to Hb A. The β-mutant rHb proteins under each peak had identical isoelectric points according to isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. Proteins under each peak were further characterized by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, far-UV CD, 1H NMR, and resonance Raman spectroscopy. We found that rHb (βH92G) exists as a mixture of αβ-dimers and α2β2 tetramers, and that hemes are released from β-subunits in a fraction of the dimers. An approximate amount of released hemes were estimated to be as large as 30% with Raman relative intensities. It is stressed that Q Sepharose columns can distinguish differences in structural flexibility of proteins having identical isoelectric points by altering the exit rates from the porous beads. Thus, the role of Fe-His (F8) bonds in stabilizing the Hb tetramer first described by Barrick et al. was confirmed in this study. In addition, it was found in this study that a specific Fe-His bond in the β-subunit minimizes globin structural flexibility.
Collapse