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Kim J, Kang J, Kim YW, Kim A. The human β-globin enhancer LCR HS2 plays a role in forming a TAD by activating chromatin structure at neighboring CTCF sites. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21669. [PMID: 34033138 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002337r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The human β-globin locus control region (LCR) hypersensitive site 2 (HS2) is one of enhancers for transcription of the β-like globin genes in erythroid cells. Our previous study showed that the LCR HS2 has active chromatin structure before transcriptional induction of the β-globin gene, while another enhancer LCR HS3 is activated by the induction. To compare functional difference between them, we deleted each HS (ΔHS2 and ΔHS3) from the human β-globin locus in hybrid MEL/ch11 cells. Deletion of either HS2 or HS3 dramatically diminished the β-globin transcription and disrupted locus-wide histone H3K27ac and chromatin interaction between LCR HSs and gene. Surprisingly, ΔHS2 weakened interactions between CTCF sites forming the β-globin topologically associating domain (TAD), while ΔHS3 did not. CTCF occupancy and chromatin accessibility were reduced at the CTCF sites in the ΔHS2 locus. To further characterize the HS2, we deleted the maf-recognition elements for erythroid activator NF-E2 at HS2. This deletion decreased the β-globin transcription and enhancer-promoter interaction, but did not affect interactions between CTCF sites for the TAD. In light of these results, we propose that the HS2 has a role in forming a β-globin TAD by activating neighboring CTCF sites and this role is beyond typical enhancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwook Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yea Woon Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - AeRi Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Neuman MG, Seitz HK, French SW, Malnick S, Tsukamoto H, Cohen LB, Hoffman P, Tabakoff B, Fasullo M, Nagy LE, Tuma PL, Schnabl B, Mueller S, Groebner JL, Barbara FA, Yue J, Nikko A, Alejandro M, Brittany T, Edward V, Harrall K, Saba L, Mihai O. Alcoholic-Hepatitis, Links to Brain and Microbiome: Mechanisms, Clinical and Experimental Research. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E63. [PMID: 32197424 PMCID: PMC7148515 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The following review article presents clinical and experimental features of alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD). Basic aspects of alcohol metabolism leading to the development of liver hepatotoxicity are discussed. ALD includes fatty liver, acute alcoholic hepatitis with or without liver failure, alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer (HCC). ALD is fully attributable to alcohol consumption. However, only 10-20% of heavy drinkers (persons consuming more than 40 g of ethanol/day) develop clinical ALD. Moreover, there is a link between behaviour and environmental factors that determine the amount of alcohol misuse and their liver disease. The range of clinical presentation varies from reversible alcoholic hepatic steatosis to cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to (1) describe the clinico-pathology of ALD, (2) examine the role of immune responses in the development of alcoholic hepatitis (ASH), (3) propose diagnostic markers of ASH, (4) analyze the experimental models of ALD, (5) study the role of alcohol in changing the microbiota, and (6) articulate how findings in the liver and/or intestine influence the brain (and/or vice versa) on ASH; (7) identify pathways in alcohol-induced organ damage and (8) to target new innovative experimental concepts modeling the experimental approaches. The present review includes evidence recognizing the key toxic role of alcohol in ALD severity. Cytochrome p450 CYP2E1 activation may change the severity of ASH. The microbiota is a key element in immune responses, being an inducer of proinflammatory T helper 17 cells and regulatory T cells in the intestine. Alcohol consumption changes the intestinal microbiota and influences liver steatosis and liver inflammation. Knowing how to exploit the microbiome to modulate the immune system might lead to a new form of personalized medicine in ALF and ASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela G. Neuman
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada
| | - Helmut Karl Seitz
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Alcohol Research, University of Heidelberg, Salem Medical Centre, 337374 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.K.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Samuel W. French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, Torrance, CA Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA; (S.W.F.); (F.A.B.); (J.Y.); (A.N.); (M.A.); (T.B.); (V.E.)
| | - Stephen Malnick
- Department Internal Medicine C, Kaplan Medical Centre and Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Heidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-5311, USA;
- Department of Veterans; Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Lawrence B. Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
| | - Paula Hoffman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-0511, USA; (P.H.); (B.T.); (K.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Boris Tabakoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-0511, USA; (P.H.); (B.T.); (K.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Michael Fasullo
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12205, USA;
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Departments of Pathobiology and Gastroenterology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Pamela L. Tuma
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA; (P.L.T.); (J.L.G.)
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- Department of Medicine, Centre of Alcohol Research, University of Heidelberg, Salem Medical Centre, 337374 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.K.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Jennifer L. Groebner
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA; (P.L.T.); (J.L.G.)
| | - French A. Barbara
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, Torrance, CA Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA; (S.W.F.); (F.A.B.); (J.Y.); (A.N.); (M.A.); (T.B.); (V.E.)
| | - Jia Yue
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, Torrance, CA Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA; (S.W.F.); (F.A.B.); (J.Y.); (A.N.); (M.A.); (T.B.); (V.E.)
| | - Afifiyan Nikko
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, Torrance, CA Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA; (S.W.F.); (F.A.B.); (J.Y.); (A.N.); (M.A.); (T.B.); (V.E.)
| | - Mendoza Alejandro
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, Torrance, CA Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA; (S.W.F.); (F.A.B.); (J.Y.); (A.N.); (M.A.); (T.B.); (V.E.)
| | - Tillman Brittany
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, Torrance, CA Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA; (S.W.F.); (F.A.B.); (J.Y.); (A.N.); (M.A.); (T.B.); (V.E.)
| | - Vitocruz Edward
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, Torrance, CA Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA; (S.W.F.); (F.A.B.); (J.Y.); (A.N.); (M.A.); (T.B.); (V.E.)
| | - Kylie Harrall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-0511, USA; (P.H.); (B.T.); (K.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Saba
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-0511, USA; (P.H.); (B.T.); (K.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Opris Mihai
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada;
- Department Family Medicine Clinic CAR, 010164 Bucharest, Romania
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Cardiero G, Prezioso R, Dembech S, Del Vecchio Blanco F, Scarano C, Lacerra G. Identification and molecular characterization of a novel 163 kb deletion: The Italian (ϵγδβ)(0)-thalassemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:317-24. [PMID: 27077761 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2015.1133007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE To verify the presence of β-thalassemia in subjects showing hematologic phenotype of α-thalassemia, conduct normal molecular sequence analysis of the α-globin genes, and detect the absence of the most frequent α-thalassemia deletions. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A patient from Apulia (Southern Italy) was referred to our institution for the occasional founding of hypochromic polyglobulia and microcytic red blood cells associated with normal levels of Hb A2 and Hb F and normal iron parameters. INTERVENTION AND TECHNIQUE The patient has been investigated using Sanger sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), quantitative real-time PCR, restriction analysis, and gap-PCR. A novel deletion, the Italian (ϵγδβ)(0)-thalassemia, has been identified. The 5' breakpoint was within a LINE element of 80 kb 3' of the ε-globin gene, and the 3' breakpoint was within a 160-bp palindrome of about 30 kb 5' of the β-globin gene. The breakpoint region was characterized by the presence of a microhomology (5'-TCT-3') and of an insertion of 43 bp owing to the duplication of the 160-bp palindrome. Comparison of the Hb and Hb A2 values of (ϵγδβ)(0)-thalassemia from the literature with those of (molecularly known) thalassemia carriers indicated a higher level of Hb A2 with respect to α-thalassemia and a lower level of Hb with respect to β(0)-thalassemia carriers. CONCLUSION In this study, we report the first (ϵγδβ)(0)-thalassemia case identified in Italy. To avoid misdiagnosis of β-thalassemia, we suggest verifying the presence of large deletions of the β-globin gene cluster in subjects showing a higher border line level of Hb A2 and a lower level of Hb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Cardiero
- a Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR , Napoli , Italy
| | - Romeo Prezioso
- a Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR , Napoli , Italy
| | - Sabrina Dembech
- b Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria , Ospedali Riuniti, Foggia , Italy
| | - Francesca Del Vecchio Blanco
- c Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale , Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli , Napoli , Italy
| | - Clelia Scarano
- b Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria , Ospedali Riuniti, Foggia , Italy
| | - Giuseppina Lacerra
- a Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR , Napoli , Italy
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Amid A, Cheong M, Eng B, Hanna M, Hohenadel BA, Nakamura LM, Walker L, Odame I, Kirby-Allen M, Waye JS. Hb S/β+-thalassemia due to Hb sickle and a novel deletion of DNase I hypersensitive sites HS3 and HS4 of the β locus control region. Haematologica 2015; 100:e166-8. [PMID: 25682598 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.117408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amid
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melina Cheong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barry Eng
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meredith Hanna
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Betty-Ann Hohenadel
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa M Nakamura
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynda Walker
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isaac Odame
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Kirby-Allen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John S Waye
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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