Development of a Trans-Mucosal Controlled-Release Device for Systemic Delivery of Antianginal Drugs Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Formulation and evaluation of diclofenac sodium buccoadhesive discs

Twenty diclofenac sodium buccoadhesive discs containing Cp974p, polycarbophil, PEO, SCMC-medium viscosity (SCMC-MV), SCMC-ultrahigh viscosity (SCMC-UHV) or their combinations were prepared. These buccoadhesive discs were evaluated for release pattern, swelling capacity, surface pH, mucoadhesion performance, and in vitro permeation of diclofenac sodium through buccal membranes. In vivo testing of mucoadhesion time, strength of adhesion, irritation, bitterness due to drug swallowing and disc disintegration in the buccal cavity were also performed. Drug bioavailability of a selected diclofenac sodium buccoadhesive product was then compared with that of Voltarin 100 SR tablet. The percentage relative bioavailability of diclofenac sodium from the selected buccoadhesive disc 50 mg was found to be 141.31%.

Physicochemical characterization and evaluation of buccal adhesive tablets containing omeprazole

The objective of this study was to develop an effective omeprazole buccal adhesive tablet with excellent bioadhesive force and good drug stability in human saliva. The omeprazole buccal adhesive tablets were prepared with various bioadhesive polymers, alkali materials, and croscarmellose sodium. Their physicochemical properties, such as bioadhesive force and drug stability in human saliva, were investigated. The release and bioavailability of omeprazole delivered by the buccal adhesive tablets were studied. As bioadhesive additives for the omeprazole tablet, a mixture of sodium alginate and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) was selected. The omeprazole tablets prepared with bioadhesive polymers alone had bioadhesive forces suitable for a buccal adhesive tablet, but the stability of omeprazole in human saliva was not satisfactory. Among alkali materials, only magnesium oxide could be an alkali stabilizerfor omeprazole buccal adhesive tablets due to its strong waterproofing effect. Croscarmellose sodium enhanced the release of omeprazole from the tablets; however, it decreased the bioadhesive forces and stability of omeprazole tablets in human saliva. The tablet composed of omeprazole/sodium alginate/HPMC/magnesium oxide/croscarmellose sodium (20/24/6/50/10 mg) could be attached on the human cheek without disintegration, and it enhanced the stability of omeprazole in human saliva for at least 4 h and gave fast release of omeprazole. The plasma concentration of omeprazole in hamsters increased to a maximum of 370 ng/ml at 45 min after buccal administration and continuously maintained a high level of 146-366 ng/ml until 6 h. The buccal bioavailability of omeprazole in hamsters was 13.7% +/- 3.2%. These results demonstrate that the omeprazole buccal adhesive tablet would be useful for delivery of an omeprazole that degrades very rapidly in acidic aqueous medium and undergoes hepatic first-pass metabolism after oral administration.

Development of omeprazole buccal adhesive tablets with stability enhancement in human saliva

To develop an omeprazole buccal adhesive tablet, the absorption of omeprazole solutions from human oral cavity was evaluated and the physicochemical properties such as the bioadhesive forces of various omeprazole tablet formulations composed of bioadhesive polymers and alkali materials, and the stability of omeprazole tablets in human saliva were investigated. About 23% of the administered dose was absorbed from the oral cavity at 15 min after the administration of omeprazole solutions (1 mg/15 ml). A mixture of sodium alginate and HPMC was selected as the bioadhesive additive for the omeprazole tablet. Omeprazole tablets prepared with bioadhesive polymers alone had the bioadhesive forces suitable for buccal adhesive tablets, but the stability of omeprazole in human saliva was not satisfied. Among alkali materials, only magnesium oxide could be an alkali stabilizer for omeprazole buccal adhesive tablets due to its strong waterproofing effect. Two tablets composed of [omeprazole/sodium alginate/HPMC/magnesium oxide (20/24/6/50, mg/tab)] and [(20/30/0/50, mg/tab)] were suitable for omeprazole buccal adhesive tablets which could be attached to human cheeks without collapse and could be stabilized in human saliva for at least 4 h. It was concluded that these two formulae were potential candidates for the subject of further study for the development of omeprazole buccal adhesive tablets.