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Lau S, Gossen M, Lendlein A, Jung F. Differential sensitivity of assays for determining vein endothelial cell senescence. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 81:191-203. [PMID: 35275526 DOI: 10.3233/ch-211294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In vivo endothelialization of polymer-based cardiovascular implant materials is a promising strategy to reduce the risk of platelet adherence and the subsequent thrombus formation and implant failure. However, endothelial cells from elderly patients are likely to exhibit a senescent phenotype that may counteract endothelialization. The senescence status of cells should therefore be investigated prior to implantation of devices designed to be integrated in the blood vessel wall. Here, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultivated up to passage (P) 4, 10 and 26/27 to determine the population doubling time and the senescence status by four different methods. Determination of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (SA-β-Gal) was carried out by colorimetric staining and microscopy (i), as well as by photometric quantification (ii), and the expression of senescence-associated nuclear proteins p16 and p21 as well as the proliferation marker Ki67 was assessed by immunostaining (iii), and by flow cytometry (iv). The population doubling time of P27-cells was remarkably greater (103±65 h) compared to P4-cells (24±3 h) and P10-cell (37±15 h). Among the four different methods tested, the photometric SA-β-Gal activity assay and the flow cytometric determination of p16 and Ki67 were most effective in discriminating P27-cells from P4- and P10-cells. These methods combined with functional endothelial cell analyses might aid predictions on the performance of implant endothelialization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lau
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Teltow, Germany
| | - M Gossen
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Teltow, Germany
| | - A Lendlein
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - F Jung
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Teltow, Germany
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2
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Villa C, Gerisch A, Chaplain MAJ. A novel nonlocal partial differential equation model of endothelial progenitor cell cluster formation during the early stages of vasculogenesis. J Theor Biol 2022; 534:110963. [PMID: 34838584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The formation of new vascular networks is essential for tissue development and regeneration, in addition to playing a key role in pathological settings such as ischemia and tumour development. Experimental findings in the past two decades have led to the identification of a new mechanism of neovascularisation, known as cluster-based vasculogenesis, during which endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) mobilised from the bone marrow are capable of bridging distant vascular beds in a variety of hypoxic settings in vivo. This process is characterised by the formation of EPC clusters during its early stages and, while much progress has been made in identifying various mechanisms underlying cluster formation, we are still far from a comprehensive description of such spatio-temporal dynamics. In order to achieve this, we propose a novel mathematical model of the early stages of cluster-based vasculogenesis, comprising of a system of nonlocal partial differential equations including key mechanisms such as endogenous chemotaxis, matrix degradation, cell proliferation and cell-to-cell adhesion. We conduct a linear stability analysis on the system and solve the equations numerically. We then conduct a parametric analysis of the numerical solutions of the one-dimensional problem to investigate the role of underlying dynamics on the speed of cluster formation and the size of clusters, measured via appropriate metrics for the cluster width and compactness. We verify the key results of the parametric analysis with simulations of the two-dimensional problem. Our results, which qualitatively compare with data from in vitro experiments, elucidate the complementary role played by endogenous chemotaxis and matrix degradation in the formation of clusters, suggesting chemotaxis is responsible for the cluster topology while matrix degradation is responsible for the speed of cluster formation. Our results also indicate that the nonlocal cell-to-cell adhesion term in our model, even though it initially causes cells to aggregate, is not sufficient to ensure clusters are stable over long time periods. Consequently, new modelling strategies for cell-to-cell adhesion are required to stabilise in silico clusters. We end the paper with a thorough discussion of promising, fruitful future modelling and experimental research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Villa
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK.
| | - Alf Gerisch
- Fachbereich Mathematik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Dolivostr. 15, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mark A J Chaplain
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
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3
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Redrado M, Benedi A, Marzo I, García‐Otín AL, Fernández‐Moreira V, Concepción Gimeno M. Multifunctional Heterometallic Ir III -Au I Probes as Promising Anticancer and Antiangiogenic Agents. Chemistry 2021; 27:9885-9897. [PMID: 33860585 PMCID: PMC8361937 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new class of emissive cyclometallated IrIII -AuI complexes with a bis(diphenylphosphino) methanide bridging ligand was successfully synthesised from the diphosphino complex [Ir(N^C)2 (dppm)]+ (1). The different gold ancillary ligand, a triphenylphosphine (2), a chloride (3) or a thiocytosine (4) did not reveal any significant effect on the photophysical properties, which are mainly due to metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3 MLCT) transitions based on IrIII . However, the AuI fragment, along with the ancillary ligand, seemed crucial for the bioactivity in A549 lung carcinoma cells versus endothelial cells. Both cell types display variable sensitivities to the complexes (IC50 =0.6-3.5 μM). The apoptotic pathway is activated in all cases, and paraptotic cell death seems to take place at initial stages in A549 cells. Species 2-4 showed at least dual lysosomal and mitochondrial biodistribution in A549 cells, with an initial lysosomal localisation and a possible trafficking process between both organelles with time. The bimetallic IrIII -AuI complexes disrupted the mitochondrial transmembrane potential in A549 cells and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibition in comparison with that displayed by the monometallic complex 1. Angiogenic activity assays performed in endothelial cells revealed the promising antimetastatic potential of 1, 2 and 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Redrado
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Andrea Benedi
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología CelularUniversidad de Zaragoza-CSIC50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología CelularUniversidad de Zaragoza-CSIC50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Angel L. García‐Otín
- Unidad de Investigación TraslacionalHospital Universitario Miguel ServetInstituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS)/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Vanesa Fernández‐Moreira
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaInstituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
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4
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Il'yasova D, Kinev A, Grégoire R, Beeson CC. A Cell-Based Approach to Study the Associations Between Mitochondrial Health, Early Life Exposures, and Consequent Health Outcomes. Front Public Health 2019; 7:36. [PMID: 30918888 PMCID: PMC6424859 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Il'yasova
- Department of Population Health Science, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Rose Grégoire
- Department of Population Health Science, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Craig C Beeson
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Filonov D, Tice R, Luo R, Grotegut C, Van Kanegan MJ, Ludlow JW, Il'yasova D, Kinev A. Initial Assessment of Variability of Responses to Toxicants in Donor-Specific Endothelial Colony Forming Cells. Front Public Health 2018; 6:369. [PMID: 30622937 PMCID: PMC6308159 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increased interest in using high throughput in vitro assays to characterize human population variability in response to toxicants and drugs. Utilizing primary human endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) isolated from blood would be highly useful for this purpose because these cells are involved in neonatal and adult vasculogenesis. We characterized the cytotoxicity of four known toxic chemicals (NaAsO2, CdCl2, tributyltin [TBT], and menadione) and their four relatively nontoxic counterparts (Na2HAsO4, ZnCl2, SnCl2, and phytonadione, respectively) in eight ECFC clones representing four neonatal donors (2 male and 2 female donors, 2 clones per donor). ECFCs were exposed to 9 concentrations of each chemical in duplicate; cell viability was evaluated 48 h later using the fluorescent vital dye fluorescent dye 5-Carboxyfluorescein Diacetate (CFDA), yielding concentration-effect curves from each experiment. Technical (day-to-day) variability of the assay, assessed from three independent experiments, was low: p-values for the differences of results were 0.74 and 0.64 for the comparison of day 2 vs. day 1 and day 3 vs. day 1, respectively. The statistical analysis used to compare the entire concentration-effect curves has revealed significant differences in levels of cytotoxicity induced by the toxic and relatively nontoxic chemical counterparts, demonstrating that donor-specific ECFCs can clearly differentiate between these two groups of chemicals. Partitioning of the total variance in the nested design assessed the contributions of between-clone and between-donor variability for different levels of cytotoxicity. Individual ECFC clones demonstrated highly reproducible responses to the chemicals. The most toxic chemical was TBT, followed by NaAsO2, CdCl2, and Menadione. Nontoxic counterparts exhibited low cytotoxicity at the higher end of concentration ranges tested. Low variability was observed between ECFC clones obtained from the same donor or different donors for CdCl2, NaAsO2, and TBT, but for menadione, the between-donor variability was much greater than the between-clone variability. The low between-clone variability indicates that an ECFC clone may represent an individual donor in cell-based assays, although this finding must be confirmed using a larger number of donors. Such confirmation would demonstrate that an in vitro ECFC-based testing platform can be used to characterize the inter-individual variability of neonatal ECFCs exposed to drugs and/or environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymond Tice
- Creative Scientist, Inc.Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ruiyan Luo
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chad Grotegut
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Dora Il'yasova
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Il'yasova D, Kloc N, Kinev A. Cord Blood Cells for Developmental Toxicology and Environmental Health. Front Public Health 2015; 3:265. [PMID: 26697419 PMCID: PMC4668287 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tox21 program initiated a shift in toxicology toward in vitro testing with a focus on the biological mechanisms responsible for toxicological response. We discuss the applications of these initiatives to developmental toxicology. Specifically, we briefly review current approaches that are widely used in developmental toxicology to demonstrate the gap in relevance to human populations. An important aspect of human relevance is the wide variability of cellular responses to toxicants. We discuss how this gap can be addressed by using cells isolated from umbilical cord blood, an entirely non-invasive source of fetal/newborn cells. Extension of toxicological testing to collections of human fetal/newborn cells would be useful for better understanding the effect of toxicants on fetal development in human populations. By presenting this perspective, we aim to initiate a discussion about the use of cord blood donor-specific cells to capture the variability of cellular toxicological responses during this vulnerable stage of human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Il'yasova
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Noreen Kloc
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA , USA
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Il'yasova D, Kinev A, Melton CD, Davis FG. Donor-specific cell-based assays in studying sensitivity to low-dose radiation: a population-based perspective. Front Public Health 2014; 2:244. [PMID: 25478557 PMCID: PMC4235273 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, a linear no-threshold model is used to estimate health risks associated with exposure to low-dose radiation, a prevalent exposure in the general population, because the direct estimation from epidemiological studies suffers from uncertainty. This model has been criticized based on unique biology of low-dose radiation. Whether the departure from linearity is toward increased or decreased risk is intensely debated. We present an approach based on individual radiosensitivity testing and discuss how individual radiosensitivity can be assessed with the goal to develop a quantifiable measure of cellular response that can be conducted via high-throughput population testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Il'yasova
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | | | - C David Melton
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Faith G Davis
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
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Sándor N, Walter FR, Bocsik A, Sántha P, Schilling-Tóth B, Léner V, Varga Z, Kahán Z, Deli MA, Sáfrány G, Hegyesi H. Low dose cranial irradiation-induced cerebrovascular damage is reversible in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112397. [PMID: 25393626 PMCID: PMC4231057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-dose radiation-induced blood-brain barrier breakdown contributes to acute radiation toxicity syndrome and delayed brain injury, but there are few data on the effects of low dose cranial irradiation. Our goal was to measure blood-brain barrier changes after low (0.1 Gy), moderate (2 Gy) and high (10 Gy) dose irradiation under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Methodology Cranial irradiation was performed on 10-day-old and 10-week-old mice. Blood-brain barrier permeability for Evans blue, body weight and number of peripheral mononuclear and circulating endothelial progenitor cells were evaluated 1, 4 and 26 weeks postirradiation. Barrier properties of primary mouse brain endothelial cells co-cultured with glial cells were determined by measurement of resistance and permeability for marker molecules and staining for interendothelial junctions. Endothelial senescence was determined by senescence associated β-galactosidase staining. Principle Findings Extravasation of Evans blue increased in cerebrum and cerebellum in adult mice 1 week and in infant mice 4 weeks postirradiation at all treatment doses. Head irradiation with 10 Gy decreased body weight. The number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in blood was decreased 1 day after irradiation with 0.1 and 2 Gy. Increase in the permeability of cultured brain endothelial monolayers for fluorescein and albumin was time- and radiation dose dependent and accompanied by changes in junctional immunostaining for claudin-5, ZO-1 and β-catenin. The number of cultured brain endothelial and glial cells decreased from third day of postirradiation and senescence in endothelial cells increased at 2 and 10 Gy. Conclusion Not only high but low and moderate doses of cranial irradiation increase permeability of cerebral vessels in mice, but this effect is reversible by 6 months. In-vitro experiments suggest that irradiation changes junctional morphology, decreases cell number and causes senescence in brain endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Sándor
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, “Frédéric Joliot-Curie” National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral Schools of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina R. Walter
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Bocsik
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Sántha
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Schilling-Tóth
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, “Frédéric Joliot-Curie” National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Violetta Léner
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, “Frédéric Joliot-Curie” National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Care, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kahán
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, “Frédéric Joliot-Curie” National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hargita Hegyesi
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, “Frédéric Joliot-Curie” National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Care, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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