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Ben Fradj MK, Bibi M, Hammami MB, Kallel A, Nouira Y, Feki M. Low Plasma 25-Hydoxyvitamin D at Diagnosis Predicts Poor Outcomes in Patients with Bladder Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:55-61. [PMID: 32672109 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1737150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) at diagnosis predicts poor outcomes in patients with urothelial bladder cancer. A total of 177 patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) were prospectively followed up over a period extending beyond 6 years. Data on poor outcomes (ie., recurrence, progression, and mortality) were collected. Plasma 25-OHD was measured by immunoassay. Cutoff-Finder web application was used to determine the best 25-OHD cutoff point to predict a specific poor outcome. Cox-hazard models were applied to test how plasma 25-OHD affect patients outcome while adjusting for potential confounding factors. During the follow-up period, tumor recurrence and progression occurred in 40.7% and 14.1% of patients, respectively and 11.3% of patients died. Baseline 25-OHD was lower in patients who experienced poor outcome (12.2 ± 7.44 vs. 16.7 ± 10.6 ng/mL; p < 0.001). Multi-adjusted HR (95% CI) for vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD < 12 ng/mL) was 2.09 (1.27-3.44) for recurrence, 2.63 (1.06-6.49) for progression and 2.93 (1.04-8.25) for mortality in patients with NMIBC. Low plasma 25-OHD in NMIBC patients is associated with higher risk of poor outcome. Future work is required to test whether correction of vitamin D deficiency will improve quality of life and extend survival in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kacem Ben Fradj
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, LR99ES11, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mokhtar Bibi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Urology, UR12SP041007, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Bassem Hammami
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, LR99ES11, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amani Kallel
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, LR99ES11, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Nouira
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Urology, UR12SP041007, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Feki
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, LR99ES11, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
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Xiao TT, Li X, Feng JL, Li Y. Combined effects of aspirin and vitamin D3 on two OSCC cell lines: a preliminary study. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:551-559. [PMID: 29349624 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the potential effects of aspirin combined with vitamin D3 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in oral cancer cells. RESULTS Compared to the untreated control or individual drug, the combinations of aspirin and vitamin D3 significantly decreased the rates of cell proliferation by CCK-8 assay, and caused higher rates of cell apoptosis in both CAL-27 and SCC-15 cells by Annexin V-FITC apoptosis assay and flow cytometry. Remarkably, the combined treatment with aspirin and vitamin D3 significantly suppressed the expression of Bcl-2 protein and p-Erk1/2 protein, examined by western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that aspirin and vitamin D3 have biological activity against two human OSCC cell lines and their activity is synergistic or additive when two drugs used in combination with therapeutic concentrations. The combination of aspirin and vitamin D3 may be an effective approach for inducing cell death in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Li Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Ben Fradj MK, Gargouri MM, Hammami MB, Ben Rhouma S, Kallel A, Jemaa R, Feki M, Nouira Y, Kaabachi N. Bladder Cancer is Associated with Low Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Tunisian Population. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:208-13. [PMID: 26847528 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1134598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Little evidence suggests an impact of vitamin D on bladder cancer risk in Caucasians. This study aimed to investigate association of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) with urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) risk in Tunisians. A case-control study included 250 patients with UBC and 250 healthy controls. Plasma 25-OHD was assessed by a competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were defined as 25-OHD <30 nmol/L and 30 to 49.99 nmol/L, respectively. Logistic regression models adjusting for gender, age, smoking status, duration of smoking, occupational exposure, and season were applied. Vitamin D deficiency (50.4% vs. 34.8%; P < 0.001) and insufficiency (40.4% vs. 26.8%; P < 0.001) were more frequent in patients than controls. Multivariate analysis showed that UBC is associated with vitamin D deficiency [odd-ratio (95% confidence interval), 3.71 (1.76-7.80); P = 0.001] and vitamin D insufficiency [2.65 (1.40-5.01); P = 0.003]. Other predictors of UBC were female gender, tobacco use, smoking duration, and occupational exposure. Plasma 25-OHD concentrations are low in Tunisian patients with UBC. These findings support experimental and epidemiological evidence of protective role of vitamin D against UBC but could not ascertain causal relationship. Further prospective studies and clinical trials are warranted to check causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kacem Ben Fradj
- a UR05/08-08, LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Mourad Gargouri
- b Department of Urology , Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Bassem Hammami
- c UR05/08-08, LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Sami Ben Rhouma
- b Department of Urology , Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Amani Kallel
- c UR05/08-08, LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Riadh Jemaa
- c UR05/08-08, LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Moncef Feki
- c UR05/08-08, LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Yassine Nouira
- b Department of Urology , Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Naziha Kaabachi
- c UR05/08-08, LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
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Pommergaard HC, Burcharth J, Rosenberg J, Raskov H. Aspirin, Calcitriol, and Calcium Do Not Prevent Adenoma Recurrence in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:114-122.e4. [PMID: 26404953 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chemopreventive strategies might be used to reduce the recurrence of colorectal adenomas and the incidence of colorectal cancer. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether a combination of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), calcitriol, and calcium carbonate could prevent colorectal adenoma recurrence. METHODS We included 1107 patients with 1 or more sporadic adenoma(s) removed from the colon or rectum at centers in Europe, Russia, or the United States, from 2004 through 2010. Inclusion criteria were 1 adenoma greater than 1 cm in diameter, more than 1 adenoma of any size, or an adenoma of any size and first-degree relatives with colorectal cancer. Subjects were assigned randomly to groups given 0.5 μg calcitriol, 75 mg acetylsalicylic acid, and 1250 mg calcium carbonate (n = 209), or placebo (n = 218), each day for 3 years. The primary outcome was adenoma recurrence assessed by colonoscopy after 3 years. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of patients with advanced adenomas, the total number of colorectal adenomas, and adenoma size and features. RESULTS The trial was stopped in October 2010 because of futility. In this analysis, we found no differences between groups in the rate of recurrence (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-1.48), adverse effects, or secondary outcomes. Subgroup analyses indicated that the treatment effects may be influenced by smoking status (nonsmokers OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.26-1.22 vs current smokers OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 0.70-4.09; P value interaction < .05). However, the overall interaction was not significant. CONCLUSIONS In a prospective study, the combination of calcitriol, aspirin, and calcium carbonate did not prevent recurrence of colorectal adenomas over a 3-year period. The negative results might be owing to the effects of smoking or low doses of the tested agents. Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT00486512.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakob Burcharth
- Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jacob Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Hans Raskov
- Speciallægecentret ved Diakonissestiftelsen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Pommergaard HC, Burcharth J, Rosenberg J, Raskov H. Advanced age is a risk factor for proximal adenoma recurrence following colonoscopy and polypectomy. Br J Surg 2015; 103:e100-5. [PMID: 26667088 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of risk factors for recurrence of colorectal adenomas may identify patients who could benefit from individual surveillance strategies. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for recurrence of colorectal adenomas in a high-risk population. METHODS Data were used from a randomized clinical trial that showed no effect of aspirin-calcitriol-calcium treatment on colorectal adenoma recurrence. Patients at high risk of colorectal cancer who had one or more sporadic colorectal adenomas removed during colonoscopy were followed up for 3 years. Independent risk factors associated with recurrence and characteristics of recurrent adenomas were investigated in a generalized linear model. RESULTS After 3 years, the recurrence rate was 25·8 per cent in 427 patients. For younger subjects (aged 50 years or less), the recurrence rate was 19 per cent; 18 of 20 recurrent adenomas were located in the distal part of the colon. For older subjects (aged over 70 years), the recurrence rate was 35 per cent, and 16 of 25 recurrent adenomas were in the proximal colon. Age (odds ratio (OR) 1·04, 95 per cent c.i. 1·01 to 1·07) and number of adenomas (OR 1·27, 1·11 to 1·46) at the time of inclusion in the study were independent risk factors for recurrence. CONCLUSION In contrast to current guidelines, advanced age is not a reason to discontinue adenoma surveillance in patients with an anticipated live expectancy in which recurrence can arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-C Pommergaard
- Department of Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre
| | - J Burcharth
- Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev
| | - J Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev
| | - H Raskov
- Speciallaegecentret ved Diakonissestiftelsen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Ben Fradj MK, Kallel A, Gargouri MM, Chehida MAB, Sallemi A, Ouanes Y, Rhouma SB, Riadh J, Feki M, Nouira Y, Kaabachi N. Association of FokI polymorphism of vitamin D receptor with urothelial bladder cancer in Tunisians: role of tobacco smoking and plasma vitamin D concentration. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6197-203. [PMID: 26615419 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to test whether the VDR FokI polymorphism is associated with the risk of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) in Tunisians. The study included 200 unrelated patients with UBC and 200 healthy controls. Genotyping of the VDR FokI polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP method. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured by immunoassay. Binary logistic regression model was applied to test how the association of VDR FokI polymorphism is independent of potential confounding factors. Genotype distribution (FF, 45 vs. 55 %; Ff, 52.1 vs. 47.9 %, and ff, 12 vs. 5.5 %, respectively) and allele frequencies (F, 66.5 vs. 74.8 % and f, 33.5 vs. 25.2 %, respectively) were significantly different between UBC patients and controls. The "ff" genotype [OR (95 % CI), 2.66 (1.24-5.73); p = 0.012] and "f" allele [1.49 (1.09-2.02); p = 0.010] were associated with increased risk of UBC. The association remained significant in multivariate analysis. Stratified analyses showed that VDR FokI polymorphism is only associated with UBC risk in ever-smokers, subjects exposed to chemical carcinogens and those with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D over 12 μg/L. The "f" allele of VDR FokI polymorphism is associated with a higher risk of UBC in Tunisians, especially in smokers as well as subjects with occupational exposition and subjects without vitamin D deficiency. These results should be replicated in other ethnic groups and the influence of other genetic factors and environments on this association should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kacem Ben Fradj
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, UR05/08-08, LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 1007, Jebbari, Tunis, Tunisia. .,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, 1007, Jebbari, Tunis, Tunisia. .,Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Amani Kallel
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, UR05/08-08, LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 1007, Jebbari, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Mourad Gargouri
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, UR12SP04, Department of Urology, Rabta Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 1007, Jebbari, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Ben Chehida
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, UR12SP04, Department of Urology, Rabta Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 1007, Jebbari, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Sallemi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, UR12SP04, Department of Urology, Rabta Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 1007, Jebbari, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Ouanes
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, UR12SP04, Department of Urology, Rabta Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 1007, Jebbari, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sami Ben Rhouma
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, UR12SP04, Department of Urology, Rabta Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 1007, Jebbari, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jemaa Riadh
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, UR05/08-08, LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 1007, Jebbari, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Feki
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, UR05/08-08, LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 1007, Jebbari, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Nouira
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, UR12SP04, Department of Urology, Rabta Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 1007, Jebbari, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naziha Kaabachi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, UR05/08-08, LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 1007, Jebbari, Tunis, Tunisia
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Deschasaux M, Souberbielle JC, Latino-Martel P, Sutton A, Charnaux N, Druesne-Pecollo N, Galan P, Hercberg S, Le Clerc S, Kesse-Guyot E, Ezzedine K, Touvier M. Prospective associations between vitamin D status, vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms, and risk of tobacco-related cancers. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:1207-15. [PMID: 26447153 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.110510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence has suggested that vitamin D may be protective against tobacco-related cancers through the inhibition of the formation of tumors induced by tobacco carcinogens. To our knowledge, only one previous epidemiologic study investigated the association between vitamin D status and tobacco-related cancer risk, and no study has focused on vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to prospectively study the association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations, vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms, and risk of tobacco-related cancers. DESIGN A total of 209 tobacco-related cancers were diagnosed within the SU.VI.MAX (Supplémentation en vitamines et minéraux antioxydants) cohort (1994-2007) and were matched with 418 controls as part of a nested case-control study. Tobacco-related cancers (i.e., cancers for which tobacco is one of the risk factors) included several sites in the respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems. Total plasma 25(OH)D was assessed with the use of an electrochemoluminescent assay. Polymorphisms were determined with the use of a TaqMan assay. Conditional logistic regression models were computed. RESULTS A 25(OH)D concentration ≥30 ng/mL was associated with reduced risk of tobacco-related cancers (OR for ≥30 compared with <30 ng/mL: 0.59; 95% CI 0.35, 0.99; P = 0.046). This association was observed in former and current smokers (OR for ≥30 compared with <30 ng/mL: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.84; P = 0.01) but not in never smokers (P = 0.8). The vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI AA genotype and retinoid X receptor (RXR) rs7861779 TT genotype were associated with increased risk of tobacco-related cancers [OR for homozygous mutant type (MT) compared with wild type (WT): 1.87; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.23; P-trend = 0.02; OR for heterozygous type (HT) plus MT compared with WT: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.38; P = 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective study, high vitamin D status [25(OH)D concentration ≥30 ng/mL] was associated with decreased risk of tobacco-related cancers, especially in smokers. These results, which are supported by mechanistic plausibility, suggest that vitamin D may contribute to the prevention of tobacco-induced cancers in smokers and deserve additional investigation. The SU.VI.MAX trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00272428.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Deschasaux
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France;
| | | | - Paule Latino-Martel
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France
| | - Angela Sutton
- Biochemistry Department, Jean Verdier Hospital, Inserm U698, Paris 13 University, Bondy, France
| | - Nathalie Charnaux
- Biochemistry Department, Jean Verdier Hospital, Inserm U698, Paris 13 University, Bondy, France
| | - Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France; Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | - Sigrid Le Clerc
- CNAM, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Applications Team (EA4627), Paris, France; and
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France; Dermatology Department, Saint André Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France
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Liu Y, Yin T, Feng Y, Cona MM, Huang G, Liu J, Song S, Jiang Y, Xia Q, Swinnen JV, Bormans G, Himmelreich U, Oyen R, Ni Y. Mammalian models of chemically induced primary malignancies exploitable for imaging-based preclinical theragnostic research. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015; 5:708-29. [PMID: 26682141 PMCID: PMC4671963 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2015.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Compared with transplanted tumor models or genetically engineered cancer models, chemically induced primary malignancies in experimental animals can mimic the clinical cancer progress from the early stage on. Cancer caused by chemical carcinogens generally develops through three phases namely initiation, promotion and progression. Based on different mechanisms, chemical carcinogens can be divided into genotoxic and non-genotoxic ones, or complete and incomplete ones, usually with an organ-specific property. Chemical carcinogens can be classified upon their origins such as environmental pollutants, cooked meat derived carcinogens, N-nitroso compounds, food additives, antineoplastic agents, naturally occurring substances and synthetic carcinogens, etc. Carcinogen-induced models of primary cancers can be used to evaluate the diagnostic/therapeutic effects of candidate drugs, investigate the biological influential factors, explore preventive measures for carcinogenicity, and better understand molecular mechanisms involved in tumor initiation, promotion and progression. Among commonly adopted cancer models, chemically induced primary malignancies in mammals have several advantages including the easy procedures, fruitful tumor generation and high analogy to clinical human primary cancers. However, in addition to the time-consuming process, the major drawback of chemical carcinogenesis for translational research is the difficulty in noninvasive tumor burden assessment in small animals. Like human cancers, tumors occur unpredictably also among animals in terms of timing, location and the number of lesions. Thanks to the availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with various advantages such as ionizing-free scanning, superb soft tissue contrast, multi-parametric information, and utility of diverse contrast agents, now a workable solution to this bottleneck problem is to apply MRI for noninvasive detection, diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring on those otherwise uncontrollable animal models with primary cancers. Moreover, it is foreseeable that the combined use of chemically induced primary cancer models and molecular imaging techniques may help to develop new anticancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Liao Y, Huang JL, Qiu MX, Ma ZW. Impact of serum vitamin D level on risk of bladder cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:1567-72. [PMID: 25359617 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has important biological functions including modulation of the immune system and anti-cancer effects. There was no conclusive finding of the impact of serum vitamin D level on bladder cancer risk. A systemic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the impact of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level on bladder cancer risk. The pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was used to assess the impact of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level on bladder cancer risk. A total of 89,610 participants and 2238 bladder cancer cases were finally included into the meta-analysis. There was no obvious heterogeneity among those included studies (I(2) = 0%). Meta-analysis total included studies which showed that a high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level could obviously decrease risk of bladder cancer (RR = 0.75, 95%CI 0.65-0.87, P < 0.001). In addition, the pooled RRs were not significantly changed by excluding any single study. The findings from the meta-analysis suggest an obvious protective effect of vitamin D against bladder cancer. Individuals with higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels suffer from less risk of subsequent bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liao
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32, Section 2, West 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, China
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