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Jella TK, Cwalina TB, Schmidt JE, Wu VS, Yong TM, Vallier HA. Do Patients Reporting Fractures Experience Food Insecurity More Frequently Than the General Population? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2023; 481:849-858. [PMID: 36728256 PMCID: PMC10097583 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The economic burden of traumatic injuries forces families into difficult tradeoffs between healthcare and nutrition, particularly among those with a low income. However, the epidemiology of food insecurity among individuals reporting having experienced fractures is not well understood. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Do individuals in the National Health Interview Survey reporting having experienced fractures also report food insecurity more frequently than individuals in the general population? (2) Are specific factors associated with a higher risk of food insecurity in patients with fractures? METHODS This retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of the National Health Interview Survey was conducted to identify patients who reported a fracture within 3 months before survey completion. The National Health Interview Survey is an annual serial, cross-sectional survey administered by the United States Centers for Disease Control, involving approximately 90,000 individuals across 35,000 American households. The survey is designed to be generalizable to the civilian, noninstitutionalized United States population and is therefore well suited to evaluate longitudinal trends in physical, economic, and psychosocial health factors nationwide. We analyzed data from 2011 to 2017 and identified 1399 individuals who reported sustaining a fracture during the 3 months preceding their survey response. Among these patients, 27% (384 of 1399) were older than 65 years, 77% (1074) were White, 57% (796) were women, and 14% (191) were uninsured. A raw score compiled from 10 food security questions developed by the United States Department of Agriculture was used to determine the odds of 30-day food insecurity for each patient. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with food insecurity among patients reporting fractures . In the overall sample of National Health Interview Survey respondents, approximately 0.6% (1399 of 239,168) reported a fracture. RESULTS Overall, 17% (241 of 1399) of individuals reporting broken bones or fractures in the National Health Interview Survey also reported food insecurity. Individuals reporting fractures were more likely to report food insecurity if they also were aged between 45 and 64 years (adjusted odds ratio 4.0 [95% confidence interval 2.1 to 7.6]; p < 0.001), had a household income below USD 49,716 (200% of the federal poverty level) per year (adjusted OR 3.1 [95% CI 1.9 to 5.1]; p < 0.001), were current tobacco smokers (adjusted OR 2.8 [95% CI 1.6 to 5.1]; p < 0.001), and were of Black race (adjusted OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.1 to 3.4]; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Among patients with fractures, food insecurity screening and routine nutritional assessments may help to direct financially vulnerable patients toward available community resources. Such screening programs may improve adherence to nutritional recommendations in the trauma recovery period and improve the physiologic environment for adequate soft tissue and bone healing. Future research may benefit from the inclusion of clinical nutritional data, a broader representation of high-energy injuries, and a prospective study design to evaluate cost-efficient avenues for food insecurity interventions in the context of locally available social services networks. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, prognostic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun K. Jella
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas B. Cwalina
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Victoria S. Wu
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Taylor M. Yong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Drost A, Alam MI, Boamah S, Kralj B, Costa A, Sweetman A. Multiple jobholding and part-time work among nurses in long-term care homes compared to other healthcare sectors: Evidence from Ontario. Health Policy 2023; 130:104713. [PMID: 36753791 PMCID: PMC9877154 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
About two-thirds of Canadian COVID-19 related deaths occurred in long-term care homes (LTCHs). Multiple jobholding and excessive part-time work among staff have been discussed as vectors of transmission. Using an administrative census of registered nurses (RNs) and registered practical nurses (RPNs) in the Canadian province of Ontario, this paper contrasts the prevalence of multiple jobholding, part-time/casual work, and other job and worker characteristics across health sectors in 2019 and 2020 to establish whether the LTCH sector deviates from the norms in Ontario healthcare. Prior to COVID-19, about 19% of RNs and 21% of RPNs in LTCHs held multiple jobs. For RPNs, this was almost identical to the RPN provincial average, while for RNs this was 2.5 percentage points above the RN provincial average. In 2020, multiple jobholding fell significantly in LTCHs after the province passed a single site order to reduce COVD-19 transmission. Although there are many similarities across sectors, nurses, especially RNs, in LTCHs differ on some dimensions. They are more likely to be internationally educated and, together with nurses in hospitals, those who work part- time/casual are more likely to prefer full-time hours (involuntary part-time/casual). Overall, while multiple jobholding and part-time work among nurses are problematic for infection prevention and control, these employment practices in LTCHs did not substantially deviate from the norms in the rest of healthcare in Ontario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Drost
- McMaster University, Department of Economics, 1280 Main Street West, Kenneth Taylor Hall Room 426, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M4.
| | - M Injamam Alam
- University of Victoria, Department of Economics, Business and Economics Building, Room 360, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8P 5C2.
| | - Sheila Boamah
- McMaster University, School of Nursing, Health Sciences Centre, 2J20, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Boris Kralj
- McMaster University, Department of Economics, 1280 Main Street West, Kenneth Taylor Hall Room 426, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M4
| | - Andrew Costa
- McMaster University, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University Medical Centre, 1280 Main Street West, 2C Area, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Arthur Sweetman
- Ontario Research Chair in Health Human Resources, McMaster University, Department of Economics, 1280 Main Street West, Kenneth Taylor Hall Room 426, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M4
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Narciso FV, Dâmaso AR, Barela JA, Carvalho ANS, Ruiz F, de Queiroz SS, Lemos VS, de-Andrade AGP, Tufik S, De-Mello MT. Overweight Impairs Postural Control of Female Night Workers. Sleep Sci 2023; 16:29-37. [PMID: 37151773 PMCID: PMC10157823 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To verify the relationships between sleep duration (Total Sleep Time - TST) and postural control of female night workers before and after shift. As well as, to verify if there is an influence of the body mass index (BMI) on the postural control of these female workers before and after shift. Methods A total of 14 female night workers (mean age: 35.0 ± 7.7 years) were evaluated. An actigraph was placed on the wrist to evaluate the sleep-wake cycle. The body mass and height were measured, and BMI was calculated. Postural control was evaluated by means of a force platform, with eyes opened and eyes closed before and after the 12-hour workday. Results There was an effect of the BMI on the velocity and the center of pressure path with eyes opened before ( t = 2.55, p = 0.02) and after ( t = 4.10, p < 0.01) night work. The BMI impaired the velocity and the center of pressure path with eyes closed before ( t = 3.05, p = 0.01; t = 3.04, p = 0.01) and after ( t = 2.95, p = 0.01; t = 2.94, p = 0.01) night work. Furthermore, high BMI is associated with female workers' postural sway ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Therefore, high BMI impairs the postural control of female night workers, indicating postural instability before and after night work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Veruska Narciso
- Centro Universitário Mário Palmério (UNIFUCAMP), Physioterapy, Monte Carmelo, MG, Brazil
- Address for correspondence Fernanda Veruska Narciso
| | - Ana R. Dâmaso
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Nutrition, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose A. Barela
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Physical Education, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Francieli Ruiz
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Psychobiology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andre Gustavo P. de-Andrade
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Psychobiology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio De-Mello
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Kulesza R, Greenough GP, García-Rojas E, Revueltas-Ficachi P, Rico-Villanueva A, Flores-Vázquez JO, Brito-Aguilar R, Ramírez-Sánchez S, Vacaseydel-Aceves N, Cortes-Flores AP, Mansour Y, Torres-Jardón R, Villarreal-Ríos R, Koseoglu E, Stommel EW, Mukherjee PS. Fall Risk, Sleep Behavior, and Sleep-Related Movement Disorders in Young Urbanites Exposed to Air Pollution. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:847-862. [PMID: 36502327 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau, amyloid-β, α-synuclein, and TDP-43 pathology had been documented in 202/203 forensic autopsies in Metropolitan Mexico City ≤40-year-olds with high exposures to ultrafine particulate matter and engineered nanoparticles. Cognition deficits, gait, equilibrium abnormalities, and MRI frontal, temporal, caudate, and cerebellar atrophy are documented in young adults. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify an association between falls, probable Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder (pRBD), restless leg syndrome (RLS), and insomnia in 2,466 Mexican, college-educated volunteers (32.5±12.4 years). METHODS The anonymous, online study applied the pRBD and RLS Single-Questions and self-reported night-time sleep duration, excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and falls. RESULTS Fall risk was strongly associated with pRBD and RLS. Subjects who fell at least once in the last year have an OR = 1.8137 [1.5352, 2.1426] of answering yes to pRBD and/or RLS questions, documented in 29% and 24% of volunteers, respectively. Subjects fell mostly outdoors (12:01 pm to 6:00 pm), 43% complained of early wake up hours, and 35% complained of sleep onset insomnia (EOI). EOI individuals have an OR of 2.5971 [2.1408, 3.1506] of answering yes to the RLS question. CONCLUSION There is a robust association between falls, pRBD, and RLS, strongly suggesting misfolded proteinopathies involving critical brainstem arousal and motor hubs might play a crucial role. Nanoparticles are likely a significant risk for falls, sleep disorders, insomnia, and neurodegenerative lethal diseases, thus characterizing air particulate pollutants' chemical composition, emission sources, and cumulative exposure concentrations are strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randy Kulesza
- Auditory Research Center, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA
| | - Glen P Greenough
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yusra Mansour
- Department of Otolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Macomb Hospital, Clinton Township, MI, USA
| | - Ricardo Torres-Jardón
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional, Autónoma de México, México
| | | | - Emel Koseoglu
- Neurology Department, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Elijah W Stommel
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH, USA
| | - Partha S Mukherjee
- Interdisciplinary Statistical Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
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Laske MM, Hinson PE, Acikgoz Y, Ludwig TD, Foreman AM, Bergman SM. Do employees' work schedules put them at-risk? The role of shift scheduling and holidays in predicting near miss and incident likelihood. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2022; 83:1-7. [PMID: 36481001 PMCID: PMC10098862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using crew scheduling and injury incident data from a Fortune 500 manufacturing company, this study analyzed the effect of consecutive shifts and shifts near holidays on near misses and incidents. METHODS Logistic regressions were conducted with consecutive workdays, days near holidays, and time of shift as predictors of incident and near miss outcomes. RESULTS The logistic regression analysis indicated that working consecutive day shifts increases the probability of an incident occurring, with the fourth consecutive shift resulting in the most risk. The consecutive shift pattern did not replicate to employees working the night shift. However, the first and second shifts when transferring to a night schedule appear to have a greater chance of incident. Shifts near holidays did not have a significantly higher risk than other shifts. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The current research suggests that organizations can use similar analytic techniques to determine if shift scheduling might be related to increased risk and allocate resources to mitigate hazards during those peak probability shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anne M Foreman
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, United States
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Factors contributing to occupational injuries among workers in the construction, manufacturing, and mining industries in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health Policy 2022; 43:487-502. [DOI: 10.1057/s41271-022-00378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hagan-Haynes K, Pratt S, Lerman S, Wong I, Baker A, Flower D, Riethmeister V. US research needs related to fatigue, sleep, and working hours among oil and gas extraction workers. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:840-856. [PMID: 34775611 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During 2003-2013, 1189 US oil and gas extraction (OGE) workers died while working, resulting in an average annual workplace fatality rate seven times that for all US workers. OGE work commonly involves long hours, shiftwork, irregular schedules, and long commutes, but effects of these factors on fatigue, occupational injury, and illness in OGE are largely unknown. METHODS A scoping review of relevant OGE research during 2000-2019 was completed and supplemented by input from a NIOSH-sponsored Forum. RESULTS Seventy-eight papers were identified; 76% reported only offshore research. Five themes for research needs emerged: build knowledge about the impacts of fatigue; explore interactions between on- and off-the-job risk factors; identify and evaluate interventions; assess effectiveness of technology; and increase the diffusion of fatigue risk management information. CONCLUSIONS Further collaboration between researchers and OGE operators and contractors can lead to action-oriented recommendations to mitigate the effects of fatigue, inadequate sleep, and shiftwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Hagan-Haynes
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephanie Pratt
- Strategic Innovative Solutions LLC, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | | | - Imelda Wong
- Division of Science Integration, National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Angela Baker
- Royal Dutch Shell, Human Factors, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - David Flower
- British Petroleum, Global Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Riethmeister
- Royal Dutch Shell, High Risk Transport, The Hague, South Hollands, The Netherlands
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Cunningham TR, Guerin RJ, Ferguson J, Cavallari J. Work-related fatigue: A hazard for workers experiencing disproportionate occupational risks. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:913-925. [PMID: 35088430 PMCID: PMC9325913 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long working hours and fatigue are significant occupational safety and health (OSH) hazards for working populations who experience disproportionate risks of injury and illness. These groups include young or new workers, aging workers, contingent and temporary workers, immigrant and nonnative workers, female workers, minority workers, workers with low levels of education and lower socioeconomic status, and small business employees. An increasing focus on newer determinants of health in the workplace, such as health equity and work-life conflict, in worker populations at greater risk for injury or illness, provides an opportunity for researchers to address the causes and consequences of work-related fatigue in high-risk populations. METHODS Articles in the OSH literature that addressed fatigue in higher-risk workers were identified by the authors or recommended by subject matter experts in workplace fatigue as part of a Working Hours, Sleep and Fatigue Forum. Additional articles were identified by searching for a combination of specific at-risk worker group titles (e.g., female workers, temporary workers) with fatigue or working hours. RESULTS There remains a paucity of research specifically addressing working hours and fatigue among disproportionately at-risk worker populations. The literature reviewed in this paper suggests that several of these populations are at increased risk of fatigue due to multiple factors, such as irregular shifts, lack of access to fatigue management resources, and socioeconomic barriers. CONCLUSIONS More research is needed to identify solutions to address fatigue in working populations who may be at greater risk for its consequences by virtue of adverse socioeconomic and related factors. Interventions to address work-related fatigue in specific at-risk worker groups should also consider the multiple and overlapping categories of risk within these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Cunningham
- Division of Science Integration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Heath, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Guerin
- Division of Science Integration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Heath, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacqueline Ferguson
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA,School of Medicine, Stanford Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Cavallari
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Ikeda S, Azuma MK, Fujimoto K, Shibahara H, Inoue S, Moline M, Ishii M, Mishima K. Cost-effectiveness analysis of lemborexant for treating insomnia in Japan: a model-based projection, incorporating the risk of falls, motor vehicle collisions, and workplace accidents. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2822-2834. [PMID: 35506334 PMCID: PMC9647554 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lemborexant has demonstrated statistically significant improvements in sleep onset and sleep maintenance compared with placebo and zolpidem tartrate extended release, measured both objectively using polysomnography and subjectively using sleep diaries, in the phase 3 clinical trial SUNRISE 1. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of lemborexant compared with suvorexant, zolpidem immediate release (IR), and untreated insomnia. METHODS A decision-tree model was developed for falls, motor vehicle collisions, and workplace accidents associated with insomnia and insomnia treatments from a Japanese healthcare perspective and with a 6-month time horizon. The model extracted subjective sleep onset latency treatment responses and disutility values for non-responders from SUNRISE 1. Cost-effectiveness was assessed using incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of parameter uncertainty on the results. RESULTS In the base-case analysis, the mean estimated QALYs for lemborexant, suvorexant, zolpidem-IR, and untreated insomnia were 0.4220, 0.4204, 0.4113, and 0.4163, and expected medical costs were JPY 34 034, JPY 38 371, JPY 38 139, and JPY 15 383, respectively. Lemborexant saved JPY 4337 and JPY 4105 compared with suvorexant or zolpidem-IR, respectively, while conferring QALY benefits. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of lemborexant compared with that of untreated insomnia was JPY 3 220 975 /QALY. Lemborexant was dominant over suvorexant and zolpidem-IR and was cost-effective when compared with untreated insomnia. Sensitivity analyses supported the results' robustness. CONCLUSIONS In a Japanese clinical practice setting, lemborexant may represent a better investment for treating insomnia in the healthcare system in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Ikeda
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | | | | | - Hidetoshi Shibahara
- CRECON Medical Assessment Inc., Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kazuo Mishima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Hagan-Haynes K, Ramirez-Cardenas A, Wingate KC, Pratt S, Ridl S, Schmick E, Snawder J, Dalsey E, Hale C. On the road again: A cross-sectional survey examining work schedules, commuting time, and driving-related outcomes among U.S. oil and gas extraction workers. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:749-761. [PMID: 35735247 PMCID: PMC10078245 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oil and gas extraction (OGE) workers in the United States experience high fatality rates, with motor vehicle crashes the leading cause of death. Land-based OGE workers drive frequently to remote and temporary worksites. Limited information is available on factors that may influence crash risk for this workforce. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 500 land-based OGE workers examined work schedules and hours, commuting, sleep, employer policies, and their relationship to potentially harmful events while driving. RESULTS Over 60% of participants worked 12 or more hours per day. The mean daily roundtrip commuting time was 1.82 h. Longer daily commutes, nonstandard work schedules, less sleep on workdays, and lack of employer policies were associated with one or more risky driving-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Implementation and evaluation of OGE employer policies and programs to limit long work hours, reduce long daily commutes, promote sufficient sleep, and reduce drowsy driving among U.S. OGE workers are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Hagan-Haynes
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Kaitlin C Wingate
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephanie Pratt
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - Sophie Ridl
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily Schmick
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - John Snawder
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth Dalsey
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - Christa Hale
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
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The role of depression and physical activity in the association of between sleep quality, and duration with and health-related quality of life among the elderly: a UK Biobank cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:338. [PMID: 35436848 PMCID: PMC9016983 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies have shown that sleep quality (duration) is associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), most of these studies have been small-sized and targeted at young and middle-aged adults. In addition, few studies have explored the path mechanism of sleep disorders leading to impaired HRQoL. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the association between sleep quality and duration and HRQoL among the elderly in the United Kingdom, assess whether depression mediated the association, and explore the role of physical activity (PA) in the path association. METHODS Data were extracted from the baseline survey of the UK Biobank, a large prospective cohort study enrolling more than 500,000 participants, of which 52,551 older adults (aged ≥60 years) were included in the study. HRQoL was assessed using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions. Tobit and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the association between sleep quality and duration and HRQoL. The mediating and moderated mediation models were estimated using the PROCESS macro and MEDCURVE macro. RESULTS The Tobit model showed that the elderly with short or long sleep duration (β = - 0.062, 95% confidence interval [CI] = - 0.071 to - 0.053; β = - 0.072, 95% CI = - 0.086 to - 0.058) had worse HRQoL after adjusting potential covariates. In the logistic regression models, we found an inverted U-shaped association between sleep duration and HRQoL. Moreover, a significant positive association was observed between sleep quality and HRQoL (all P < 0.05). The results also revealed that depression mediated the association between sleep disorders and HRQoL (sleep quality: β = 0.008, 95% CI = 0.007-0.010; sleep duration: θ = 0.001 [mean], 95% CI = 0.001-0.002). Furthermore, PA moderated all paths among sleep quality and duration, depression, and HRQoL, and greater effects were observed in the elderly with lower PA levels. CONCLUSIONS The findings show that poor sleep quality and duration were independently associated with worse HRQoL among the elderly in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, PA buffers the mediating effect of depression and adverse effects of sleep disorders on HRQoL. It is essential to properly increase PA and provide early intervention for depression in the elderly with sleep disorders to improve their HRQoL.
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Non-Fatal Occupational Injury Prevalence and Associated Factors in an Integrated Large-Scale Textile Industry in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063688. [PMID: 35329375 PMCID: PMC8948904 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Occupational injuries disproportionately impact workers of the textile industry in low-income countries. The present study investigates the prevalence of non-occupational injury and its associated factors among workers in an integrated textile industry in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 17–26 May 2021. A total of 311 workers were eligible for participation. The information was collected through an interview-administered questionnaire. The findings were presented with descriptive statistics and the relationship among variables was assessed with multi-variable analyses. A total of 291 (93.6%) participants were interviewed. The prevalence of non-fatal occupational injury was 11% [95% CI: 7.7–15.5] in the past 12 months. The hands and fingers were the most affected body parts. Male gender [AOR: 3.40; 95% CI (1.13–10.5)], the age group of 18–29 years [AOR: 6.69; 95% CI (1.35–32.7)], sleeping less than seven hours in a night [AOR: 2.67; 95% CI (1.03–6.97)], machine-based jobs [AOR: 3.59; 95% CI (1.02–12.6)], the workplace housekeeping [AOR: 5.87; 95% CI (1.45–23.8)], and inadequate empowerment to prevent injury accident [AOR: 4.6; 95% CI (1.01–20.9)] were associated factors with occupational injury. The prevalence of non-fatal occupational injuries is lower than the previous studies among textile workers. As a result, improving workplace safety, changing sleeping habits, and empowering workers to participate in injury prevention should be a priority in intervention.
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Knechel NA, Chang PS. The relationships between sleep disturbance and falls: A systematic review. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13580. [PMID: 35288982 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine critically the literature that addresses the association between sleep disturbance and falls. Electronic databases OVID MEDLINE, PubMed, and CINAHL were searched using MeSH terms "sleep" and "accidental falls." Search limits included adults, humans, and English. The articles selected for the final sample were assessed for methodological quality. Eleven key attributes of sleep disturbance were extracted. The search yielded 177 articles from OVID MEDLINE, 124 from PubMed, and 46 from CINAHL. The final sample included 42 papers. The mean methodological quality score was 7.5 (range 2-10). Those who self-report >11 h or ≤5 h of nocturnal sleep duration may have a greater fall risk, but variations in cutoff points, study designs, and data collection methods contribute to difficulty in comparing study results. Subjective sleep fragmentation is associated with falls. The few studies on obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia demonstrate evidence of an increased risk for falls. It remains unclear whether daytime sleepiness, self-reported sleep quality, snoring, or napping are associated with falls, since some but not all studies demonstrate an association and the study quality did not differ.
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Analysis of self-reported mental health problems among the self-employed compared with paid workers in the Republic of Korea. Ann Occup Environ Med 2022; 34:e8. [PMID: 35620063 PMCID: PMC9125336 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions
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Ramos AK, Adhikari S, Yoder AM, Rautiainen RH. Occupational Injuries among Latino/a Immigrant Cattle Feedyard Workers in the Central States Region of the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168821. [PMID: 34444570 PMCID: PMC8392181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Agriculture is a dangerous industry with high rates of occupational injuries. Immigrants comprise the majority of the hired agricultural workforce in the United States, and these workers may be at a higher risk for job-related injuries. This study addressed the frequency, characteristics, and risk factors of occupational injuries among Latino immigrant cattle feedyard workers. Data were collected through structured interviews with Latino immigrant cattle feedyard workers in Kansas and Nebraska (n = 243; 90.9% male). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to identify risk factors for injury. Nearly three-fourths of participants (71.2%) reported having experienced one or more injuries in the past while working on a cattle feedyard. The most frequent types of reported injuries, including those not requiring medical care, were bruises/contusions (40%), cuts/lacerations (21%), and sprains/strains (12%). These injuries were mainly caused by animals/livestock (33%), chemicals (23%), falls (12%), and tools (9%). Significant risk factors for injury included male gender (OR 5.9), being over age 35 (OR 2.6), working on a large or an extra-large feedyard (OR 5.4), having 11 or more employees on the feedyard (OR 3.6), and working more than eight hours a day (OR 4.7). Having received safety training was also associated with greater risk of injury in a univariable model (OR 2.6). Cattle feedyard workers are at high risk for injury and require more effective preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena K. Ramos
- Center for Reducing Health Disparities, Department of Health Promotion, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4340, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-559-2095
| | - Suraj Adhikari
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4388, USA; (S.A.); (A.M.Y.); (R.H.R.)
| | - Aaron M. Yoder
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4388, USA; (S.A.); (A.M.Y.); (R.H.R.)
| | - Risto H. Rautiainen
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4388, USA; (S.A.); (A.M.Y.); (R.H.R.)
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McElroy H, O'Leary B, Adena M, Campbell R, Monfared AAT, Meier G. Comparative efficacy of lemborexant and other insomnia treatments: a network meta-analysis. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2021; 27:1296-1308. [PMID: 34121443 PMCID: PMC10394202 DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2021.21011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Insomnia is a common disorder associated with a substantial burden of illness, particularly in older adults. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of lemborexant with specified other insomnia treatments through a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS: Medline and Embase were systematically searched from inception to February 2019 and updated with a targeted search of PubMed for pivotal trials in March 2021. Randomized controlled trials in adults with primary insomnia were included if they reported results following at least 1 week of treatment. Interventions of interest were specified as lemborexant, suvorexant, benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine receptor agonists (also called Z-drugs [zolpidem, eszopiclone, zaleplon, zopiclone]), trazodone, and ramelteon. Efficacy outcomes included wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency (SE), latency to persistent sleep (LPS)/sleep onset latency (SOL), total sleep time (TST) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Bayesian NMA were performed at predetermined time intervals approximating 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Safety outcomes included serious adverse events (SAEs), withdrawals due to adverse events (AEs), and specified AEs (dizziness, somnolence, and falls). Subgroup analysis was conducted in the older population. RESULTS: 45 studies were included in the NMA. At 4 weeks, lemborexant had the highest probability of being the best treatment for 3 of the 4 outcomes measured objectively by polysomnography-TST, LPS, and SE-and was ranked second to suvorexant on WASO. Eszopiclone was highly ranked for subjectively measured SOL and ISI at 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Lemborexant was rated more highly than suvorexant in subjective measures of WASO, TST, and SOL at 4 weeks (the differences were not statistically significant). No statistically significant interactions between treatment effect and older subpopulations were found, indicating that the treatment effect was similar in older and adult populations. The safety profile of lemborexant was broadly similar to the other treatments for SAEs and withdrawals due to AEs. A limitation is the age of some of the included studies (3 were published in 1990 or earlier). A further limitation is the lack of stratification of recommended doses. If the doses used in the study publications do not reflect doses used in clinical practice, this could potentially bias the results. CONCLUSIONS: Lemborexant was ranked highest of the treatments studied on 3 out of the 4 objectively measured insomnia efficacy outcomes, with a safety profile broadly similar to other insomnia treatments. DISCLOSURES: This work was funded by Eisai Inc., which was involved with all stages of the study and analysis. McElroy, O'Leary, and Adena are consultants with Datalytics Pty Ltd., which was paid by Eisai Inc. for conducting the literature review and analysis. They were not financially compensated for collaborative efforts on publication-related activities. Campbell, Tahami Monfared, and Meier are employed by Eisai Inc. This study was presented as a poster at AMCP Nexus Virtual, October 20-23, 2020 and at the AGS Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting 2021, May 13-15, 2021.
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Huang Z, Kämpfen F. The association between depressive symptoms and self-reported sleep difficulties among college students: Truth or reporting bias? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246370. [PMID: 33606696 PMCID: PMC7894923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong association between self-reported sleep difficulties and depressive symptoms is well documented. However, individuals who suffer from depressive symptoms could potentially interpret the values attached to a subjective scale differently from others, making comparisons of sleep difficulties across individuals with different depressive symptoms problematic. The objective of this study is to determine the existence and magnitude of reporting heterogeneity in subjective assessment of sleep difficulties by those who have depressive symptoms. We implement an online survey using Visual Analogue Scales and anchoring vignettes to study the comparability of subjective assessments of sleep difficulties among college students in Switzerland (N = 1, 813). Using multivariate linear regressions and double-index models, our analysis shows that reporting heterogeneity plays only a marginal role in moderating the association between sleep difficulties and depression, irrespective of the severity of the depressive symptoms of the individuals. This suggests that unadjusted comparisons of self-reported sleep difficulties between college students are meaningful, even among individuals with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Huang
- Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Fabrice Kämpfen
- Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Crowther ME, Ferguson SA, Vincent GE, Reynolds AC. Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Improve Chronic Disease Risk Factors and Sleep in Shift Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:132-178. [PMID: 33525534 PMCID: PMC7930959 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Shift work is associated with adverse chronic health outcomes. Addressing chronic disease risk factors including biomedical risk factors, behavioural risk factors, as well as sleep and perceived health status, affords an opportunity to improve health outcomes in shift workers. The present study aimed to conduct a systematic review, qualitative synthesis, and meta-analysis of non-pharmacological interventions targeting chronic disease risk factors, including sleep, in shift workers. A total of 8465 records were retrieved; 65 publications were eligible for inclusion in qualitative analysis. Random-effects meta-analysis were conducted for eight eligible health outcomes, including a total of thirty-nine studies. Interventions resulted in increased objective sleep duration (Hedges' g = 0.73; CI: 0.36, 1.10, k = 16), improved objective sleep efficiency (Hedges' g = 0.48; CI: 0.20, 0.76, k = 10) and a small increase in both subjective sleep duration (Hedges' g = 0.11; CI: -0.04, 0.27, k = 19) and sleep quality (Hedges' g = 0.11; CI: -0.11, 0.33, k = 21). Interventions also improved perceived health status (Hedges' g = 0.20; CI: -0.05, 0.46, k = 8), decreased systolic (Hedges' g = 0.26; CI: -0.54, 0.02, k = 7) and diastolic (Hedges' g = 0.06; CI: -0.23, 0.36, k = 7) blood pressure, and reduced body mass index (Hedges' g = -0.04; CI: -0.37, 0.29, k = 9). The current study suggests interventions may improve chronic disease risk factors and sleep in shift workers; however, this could only be objectively assessed for a limited number of risk factor endpoints. Future interventions could explore the impact of non-pharmacological interventions on a broader range of chronic disease risk factors to better characterise targets for improved health outcomes in shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan E Crowther
- The Appleton Institute, CQUniversity, 44 Greenhill Road, Wayville, SA 5034, Australia; (S.AF.); (G.EV.)
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Adelaide Campus, Wayville, SA 5034, Australia
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- The Appleton Institute, CQUniversity, 44 Greenhill Road, Wayville, SA 5034, Australia; (S.AF.); (G.EV.)
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Adelaide Campus, Wayville, SA 5034, Australia
| | - Grace E Vincent
- The Appleton Institute, CQUniversity, 44 Greenhill Road, Wayville, SA 5034, Australia; (S.AF.); (G.EV.)
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Adelaide Campus, Wayville, SA 5034, Australia
| | - Amy C Reynolds
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health)/Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health (AISH): A Flinders Centre of Research Excellence, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
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Miyachi T, Nomura K, Minamizono S, Sakai K, Iwata T, Sugano Y, Sawaguchi S, Takahashi K, Mishima K. Factors Associated with Insomnia Among Truck Drivers in Japan. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:613-623. [PMID: 34040470 PMCID: PMC8140935 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s307904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Truck drivers with insomnia are at a high risk of traffic accidents. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of insomnia and identify its associated factors among truck drivers in Japan. METHODS Participants were 2927 male truck drivers younger than 65 years old. Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess insomnia symptoms, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, drinking, smoking habits, body mass index, caffeine intake, as well as daily driving hours, consecutive days away from home, and driving distance. Insomnia symptoms included difficulty initiating sleep, maintaining sleep and early morning awakening. Insomnia was defined when any of these symptoms were observed with daily tiredness. RESULTS The prevalence of insomnia among the subjects was 13.3% (n=356), of which 13.5% had difficulty initiating sleep, 78% had difficulty maintaining sleep, and 26.4% had early morning awakening. After adjusting for covariates, drinking habits, daily driving hours, and STAI score were significantly and linearly associated with insomnia; the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of drinking habits for insomnia was 1.74 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23-2.47] for heavy drinkers compared to non-drinkers (trend p<0.001); the adjusted OR of daily driving hours was 1.87 (95% CI, 1.00-3.49) for 12 hours or longer in a day compared to <8 hours in a day (trend p<0.001); the adjusted OR of STAI quartiles was 5.30 (95% CI, 3.66-7.67) for the highest quartile compared to the lowest quartile (trend p<0.001). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that insomnia is prevalent among truck drivers in Japan, and its risk factors include drinking habits, daily driving hours, and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miyachi
- Department of Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nomura
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Sachiko Minamizono
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sakai
- Department of Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Toyoto Iwata
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yuta Sugano
- Department of Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Shun Sawaguchi
- Japan Health Insurance Association, Akita Branch, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Mishima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Pélissier C, Cavelier C, Vercherin P, Roche F, Patural H, Fontana L. Vigilance and sleepiness in nurses working 12-hr shifts and their coping strategies. J Nurs Manag 2020; 29:962-970. [PMID: 33305408 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To describe the progression of vigilance and sleepiness over the shift and the coping strategies of nurses working 12-hr day or night shifts. BACKGROUND The spread of 12-hr shift work in nursing raises the question of whether sufficient vigilance can be maintained to ensure quality of care. METHOD 18 nurses working 12-hr shifts filled out a Karolinska Sleepiness Scale questionnaire and a Brief Psychomotor Vigilance Test, at the beginning of the shift and then every 3 hr. Coping strategies and quality of care were assessed on self-administered questionnaires, filled out at 3 hr, 6 hr, 9 hr and 12 hr after the start of the shift. RESULTS The present investigation did not show significantly excessive sleepiness or vigilance impairment or poor self-perception of quality of work during 12-hr nursing work shifts, although Psychomotor Vigilance Test results gradually deteriorated slightly over duty time (from start to end of shift). Certain coping strategies were preferred such as 'having a nap' later in the night shift. CONCLUSION Attention needs to be paid to the health status of nurses working 12-hr shifts, with regular medical monitoring by the occupational health service. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Coping strategies to maintain sufficient vigilance to ensure quality of care should be facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Pélissier
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, Univ St Etienne, IFSTTAR, UMRESTTE, UMR_T9405, Saint Etienne, France.,Service de Santé au travail Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Clémentine Cavelier
- Service de Santé au travail Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Paul Vercherin
- Département de Santé Publique et d'informations médicales Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Frédéric Roche
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, PRES Lyon, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France.,EA SNA EPIS 4607, Autonomic Nervous System, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Hugues Patural
- Department of Pediatrics, SNA_EPIS, CHU Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon/Saint-Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Luc Fontana
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, Univ St Etienne, IFSTTAR, UMRESTTE, UMR_T9405, Saint Etienne, France.,Service de Santé au travail Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
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Kramer A, Cho S, Gajendran RS. 12-Year longitudinal study linking within-person changes in work and family transitions and workplace injury risk. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2020; 75:140-149. [PMID: 33334471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the rich tradition of research on predictors of workplace injury, most studies rely on cross-sectional, between-person designs. Furthermore, prior research has often overlooked the possibility that factors outside the work domain can influence the occurrence of actual injuries at work. To address these limitations, the current study examined the effects of work and family demands on the occurrence of workplace injury. Drawing on the intuition of the work-home resources model (W-HR), we investigated how within-person level changes in demands and resources from both domains influence work injuries over a 12-year period. METHOD We used 12 years of longitudinal data (N = 7,820) to study the long-term within-person changes in work and family domains and to capture the event of low frequency incidence such as workplace injury. Specifically, we conducted multilevel analyses to study the links between within-person change in time and energy resources both in work and family domains and within-person change in the likelihood of experiencing a workplace injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The findings showed that within-person changes in work hours, spousal work hours, income and number of children, were significantly associated with changes in the likelihood of experiencing a workplace injury. We conclude with a discussion of implications for theory and future research of workplace injuries. Practical application: The research provided useful insights on the intimate association between work and family domains in the context of safety management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kramer
- School of Labor and Employment Relations, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 504 E. Armory Ave, 247E LER Building, Champaign, IL 61820, United States.
| | - Seonghee Cho
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, 640 Poe Hall, 2310 Katharine Stinson Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695-7650, United States.
| | - Ravi S Gajendran
- Department of Management and International Business, College of Business, Florida International University, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, 11200 S.W. 8th St, MANGO 472, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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Gregory K, Hobbs A, Parke B, Bathurst N, Pradhan S, Flynn-Evans E. An evaluation of fatigue factors in maritime pilot work scheduling. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1495-1501. [PMID: 32911999 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1817932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Maritime piloting operations involve on-call work schedules that may lead to sleep loss and circadian misalignment. Our study documented pilot work scheduling practices (n = 61) over a one-year period. Most pilots worked a week-on/week-off schedule. Work periods averaged 7.6 hours in duration and pilots worked up to four ship assignments during a given work period. Work weeks averaged a total of 35.0 hours with pilots working on average three consecutive days. Night work was common (19.0 hours/week) with 02:00 h the most common starting hour for a work period. On-call work periods occurred at irregular times with a high degree of start time variability between consecutive work periods. While typical individual and weekly work total hours were not high, there were instances with long work periods, minimal rest opportunities, and extended total weekly work hours. Fatigue-model predictions based on work schedules were similar to objective outcomes collected among other groups of maritime pilots and may prove useful in identifying potential fatigue risks within on-call work schedules. Future studies should be conducted using objective measures to provide further insight on how on-call maritime operations influence sleep timing, alertness, and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Gregory
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Alan Hobbs
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University Research Foundation, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Bonny Parke
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University Research Foundation, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Bathurst
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University Research Foundation, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Sean Pradhan
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University Research Foundation, Moffett Field, CA, USA.,School of Business, Menlo College, Atherton, CA, USA
| | - Erin Flynn-Evans
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
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Wang R, Qi Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. Characteristics of Injury Patients in the Emergency Department in Shanghai, China: A Retrospective Observational Study. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922726. [PMID: 32900987 PMCID: PMC7501739 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and trends of trauma injuries in Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai, China, and the feasibility of methods to prevent trauma. Material/Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the electronic databases of Ruijin Hospital North were searched for patients who experienced severe trauma from 2013 to 2016. Characteristics of severe trauma were analyzed, including trauma mechanism, gender, reasons for injury, and injury-associated causes of death. Results Of the 17,093 patients who experienced trauma during the study period, 11,165 (65.3%) were male and 5,928 (34.7%) were female. Analysis by age showed that the highest incidence of traumatic injuries was in subjects aged 25–34 years, whereas analysis by occupation showed the highest incidence of injury in migrant workers without higher education. Classification by Injury Severity Score (ISS) showed that 12,563 (73.5%) subjects had minor injuries, 4,273 (25.0%) had serious injuries, and 256 (1.5%) had severe injuries. In addition, 256 (1.5%) subjects died, with traffic accidents and falling injuries being the main causes of death. The incidence of injury peaked at 9–11 am and 2–4 pm and was significantly higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. Conclusions Most trauma patients were young adults. Injuries due to traffic accidents and falling were the main causes of death, with disregard of driving regulations and other health and safety regulations being the main cause of trauma. Trauma injuries may be prevented by strengthening education and by obeying traffic laws and construction site safety regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renying Wang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital (and Ruijin Hospital North), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Qi
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital (and Ruijin Hospital North), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yunxing Wang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital (and Ruijin Hospital North), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yisha Wang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital (and Ruijin Hospital North), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Ayas NT, Jeklin AT, Tholin H, Rogers AE, Dodek P, Hirsh-Allen AJ, Norena M, Wong H. Consecutive nursing shifts and the risk of hypoglycemia in critically ill patients who are receiving intravenous insulin: a multicenter study. J Clin Sleep Med 2020; 16:949-953. [PMID: 32065114 PMCID: PMC7849663 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Intensive care unit nurses commonly work multiple consecutive 12-hour shifts that leave little time for sleep between work shifts. Working multiple consecutive shifts could compromise vigilance and patient care, especially with respect to managing high-risk medications such as insulin infusions. We hypothesized that as the number of consecutive shifts worked by nurses increases, the rate of hypoglycemia in patients who are receiving an insulin infusion would also increase. METHODS We identified patients who had hypoglycemia (glucose ≤ 3.5 mmol/L, 63 mg/dL) between December 2008 and December 2009 in 3 intensive care units in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. For each hypoglycemic event, we counted the number of shifts worked on consecutive days during the previous 72 hours by the bedside nurse who was caring for the patient at the time of hypoglycemia (case shift). For each case shift, we identified up to 3 control shifts (24, 48, and 72 hours before the hypoglycemic event in the same patient when there were no hypoglycemic events) and counted the number of consecutive shifts worked by those nurses in the previous 72 hours. This analysis allowed us to control for patient-associated confounders. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine the association between number of consecutive shifts worked and occurrence of hypoglycemic events. RESULTS A total of 282 hypoglycemic events were identified in 259 patients. For 191 events, we were able to identify 1 or more control shifts. Compared with nurses who had not worked a shift in the preceding day, the odds ratio of a hypoglycemic event was 1.68 (95% confidence interval: 1.12-2.52), 2.16 (95% confidence interval:1.25-3.73), and 2.54 (95% confidence interval: 1.28-5.06) for nurses who were working their second, third, or fourth consecutive shift, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Working multiple consecutive nursing shifts is associated with increased risk of hypoglycemic events in patients in an intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najib T Ayas
- Program in Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Sleep Disorders Program, University of British Columbia Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Center for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew T Jeklin
- School of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harriet Tholin
- Intensive Care Unit, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ann E Rogers
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peter Dodek
- Program in Critical Care Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Center for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A J Hirsh-Allen
- Sleep Disorders Program, University of British Columbia Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Monica Norena
- Center for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hubert Wong
- Center for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Grier T, Dinkeloo E, Reynolds M, Jones BH. Sleep duration and musculoskeletal injury incidence in physically active men and women: A study of U.S. Army Special Operation Forces soldiers. Sleep Health 2020; 6:344-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Huang Z, Friedman LS. Occupational injury surveillance pyramid description and association of medical care utilization with low income among work-related injuries. Am J Ind Med 2020; 63:249-257. [PMID: 31773758 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A more comprehensive characterization of total work-related injury burden would ideally include all levels of medical care. Additionally, studies have suggested differential utilization of medical care among various socioeconomic groups, and it is unclear how this translates to work-related injuries. METHODS The 2004-2016 National Health Interview Survey data were used to estimate all levels of care utilized by the individual for each injury episode. A multivariable logistic regression model based on 2004-2014 data was developed to investigate the relationship of low income and level of medical care used by the injured worker. RESULTS Around 53.1% of occupational injury were exclusively treated outside of a hospital setting and never captured by hospital/emergency department data systems, which comprises 40% (3.0 million) of total missed days of work and 44% ($452 million) of total cost of lost productivity among full-time workers. Patients with work-related injuries are less likely to stay overnight in hospital compared with those with nonwork-related injuries (adjusted odds ration [aOR]: 0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5-0.7), however among work-related injuries, low-income patients are more likely to use medical care in a hospital setting compared with patients with income higher than poverty threshold (hospitalization: aOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.3; emergency room: aOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.0). CONCLUSIONS These "minor work-related injuries" exclusively treated outside hospital tend to be ignored when defining national injury prevention priorities, but this analysis indicates that such an approach fails to capture a large portion of injuries significant enough to result in missed days of work and cost of lost productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenna Huang
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public HealthUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois
| | - Lee S. Friedman
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public HealthUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois
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Lee HE, Kim I, Kim HR, Kawachi I. Association of long working hours with accidents and suicide mortality in Korea. Scand J Work Environ Health 2020; 46:480-487. [PMID: 32096547 PMCID: PMC7737799 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The deleterious health effects of long working hours have been previously investigated, but there is a dearth of studies on mortality resulting from accidents or suicide. This prospective study aims to examine the association between working hours and external-cause mortality (accidents and suicide) in Korea, a country with some of the longest working hours in the world. Methods: Employed workers (N=14 484) participating in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were matched with the Korea National Statistical Office’s death registry from 2007–2016 (person-years = 81 927.5 years, mean weighted follow-up duration = 5.7 years). Hazard ratios (HR) for accident (N=25) and suicide (N=27) mortality were estimated according to weekly working hours, with 35–44 hours per week as the reference. Results: Individuals working 45–52 hours per week had higher risk of total external cause mortality compared to those working 35–44 hours per week [HR 2.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–6.40], adjusting for sex, age, household income, education, occupation, and depressive symptoms. Among the external causes of death, suicide risk was higher (HR 3.89, 95% CI 1.06–14.29) for working 45–52 hours per week compared to working 35–44 hours per week. Working >52 hours per week also showed increased risk for suicide (HR 3.74, 95% CI 1.03–13.64). No statistically significant associations were found for accident mortality. Conclusions: Long working hours are associated with higher suicide mortality rates in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Eun Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea.
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De Nobrega AK, Luz KV, Lyons LC. Resetting the Aging Clock: Implications for Managing Age-Related Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1260:193-265. [PMID: 32304036 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, individuals are living longer due to medical and scientific advances, increased availability of medical care and changes in public health policies. Consequently, increasing attention has been focused on managing chronic conditions and age-related diseases to ensure healthy aging. The endogenous circadian system regulates molecular, physiological and behavioral rhythms orchestrating functional coordination and processes across tissues and organs. Circadian disruption or desynchronization of circadian oscillators increases disease risk and appears to accelerate aging. Reciprocally, aging weakens circadian function aggravating age-related diseases and pathologies. In this review, we summarize the molecular composition and structural organization of the circadian system in mammals and humans, and evaluate the technological and societal factors contributing to the increasing incidence of circadian disorders. Furthermore, we discuss the adverse effects of circadian dysfunction on aging and longevity and the bidirectional interactions through which aging affects circadian function using examples from mammalian research models and humans. Additionally, we review promising methods for managing healthy aging through behavioral and pharmacological reinforcement of the circadian system. Understanding age-related changes in the circadian clock and minimizing circadian dysfunction may be crucial components to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K De Nobrega
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kristine V Luz
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Lisa C Lyons
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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Al-Abri MA, Al Lawati I, Zadjali F, Ganguly S. Sleep Patterns and Quality in Omani Adults. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:231-237. [PMID: 32341667 PMCID: PMC7166064 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s233912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep patterns have changed continuously worldwide and it can be influenced by social, cultural, and environmental factors. These patterns may be associated with poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. The aim of the study was to investigate sleep patterns and quality in Omani adults using actigraphy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted between June 2015 and February 2017. Four hundred subjects agreed to participate in the study (52% male, 48% female). Subjects were randomly selected and enrolled in the study among young adults and middle aged individuals living in the City of Muscat. Subjects were asked to fill-in Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Actigraphy was used to measure their sleep patterns for one week. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 32.80±11.50 years. Four sleep patterns were identified: monophasic, bi-phasic (post-dawn), bi-phasic (afternoon siesta), and polyphasic (three sleep periods/24 hours). The study revealed that 35% of participants had biphasic-siesta sleep pattern, 28% polyphasic, 26% monophasic, and 11% biphasic-dawn. The biphasic siesta pattern was found to be associated with younger age group (25-34 years) (P=0.001). Polyphasic sleep was associated with higher ESS score (P=0.001) but not with poor sleep quality (P=0.24). There was no significant difference in night sleep duration among all the sleep patterns (P=0.07) but the polyphasic sleep pattern had higher total 24-hour day sleep duration (P=0.03). Nearly 90% of participants practiced afternoon siestas with mean duration of 45±43 minutes. CONCLUSION The predominant sleep pattern among Omanis was biphasic-siesta and majority of people practiced afternoon siesta. Polyphasic sleep pattern is associated with daytime sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Al-Abri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ibtisam Al Lawati
- Department of Physiology, Oman College of Health Sciences, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Shyam Ganguly
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Zolotov AV. On the studies of the regular character, factors, effects and perspectives of the working time dynamics in modern economy. POPULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.19181/population.2020.23.3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The article examines a significant array of the scientific works devoted to different aspects of the working time dynamics. The conclusion is made that the main measure of this dynamics is the average number of hours worked per worker. This indicator can be used for analysis of all periods of labor activity including seniority. It is stated that the research on the problem shows a long-run trend of working time reduction. The works devoted to the topic also consider other factors affecting length of work: increase of labor productivity, influence of income effect and substitution effect on individual labor supply, motivation of employers, role of trade unions and collective bargaining, labor legislation. There are presented approaches to explanation of differences in the dynamics of working time in the USA and in West Europe. It is taken into account that the working time reduction during the past decades is characterized as one of the preconditions of pension reforms. There are considered works that contain analysis of the effects caused by the changes in working time length, including their impact on workers' health, work-life balance, gender inequality, unemployment rate, labor productivity, environment, perception the life as happy. The article shows a significant interest of researchers to perspectives of the working time dynamics in the context of analysis of J. M. Keynes's prediction about switch to 3-hour shifts by 2030. It is stated that the problem of perspectives of the working time dynamics is becoming one of the key issues in discussing the concept of Universal Basic Income. The article notes the attention of researchers to experiments on the working day reduction to 6 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr V. Zolotov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
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Can Workplace Rest Breaks Prevent Work-Related Injuries Related to Long Working Hours? J Occup Environ Med 2019; 62:179-184. [PMID: 31743306 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationship between long working hours, rest breaks, and work-related injuries. METHODS A total of 25,439 employees were examined from the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey. Rest breaks were divided into two groups and working hours were divided into four groups. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to estimate the relationship between long working hours, rest breaks, and work-related injuries. RESULTS Work-related injuries were significantly associated with long working hours. Stratified by rest breaks, the risk of work-related injuries increased with increasing working hours in a dose-response pattern among those with insufficient rest breaks, while the risk was not significant among those with sufficient rest breaks. CONCLUSION It is important to provide sufficient rest breaks to prevent work-related injuries among workers with long working hours.
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Savarese M, Di Perri MC. Excessive sleepiness in shift work disorder: a narrative review of the last 5 years. Sleep Breath 2019; 24:297-310. [PMID: 31471831 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-019-01925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shift work sleep disorder (SWSD), also known as shift work disorder (SWD), is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia and/or excessive sleepiness, associated with a recurring work schedule that overlaps the usual time designated for sleeping. PURPOSE This article aims to provide a narrative review of the pharmacological trials conducted on SWD in the last 5 years, to better address safety and health issues inherent to this disorder. METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted using PubMed. All eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cross-over RCTs with employees undertaking shift work (including night shifts) were considered, yielding three articles. RESULTS All three studies showed the efficacy of armodafinil in improving subjective and objective sleepiness, clinical conditions, and global functioning regardless of shift duration. Both performance and driving simulator performance tests administered during the night shift bore better results following armodafinil administration than after placebo. However, armodafinil only reduced subjective disability in individuals working more than 9 h; furthermore, even after armodafinil, alertness was reduced but not normalized. CONCLUSION These studies underscore the importance of preventing and/or minimizing disturbances due to shift work. This may be achieved through various strategies, such as the employer's commitment to adopt ergonomic criteria in shift design and to implement work-environment interventions like controlled bright light. Health personnel is of pivotal importance to detect potential factors of intolerance to shift work or early symptoms of SWD. Additional and improved studies are needed to further evaluate the effectiveness and safety of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariantonietta Savarese
- "FM Puca" Neurology Unit, University Hospital Consortium Corporation Polyclinic of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Di Perri
- Center of Sleep Medicine, UOSD of Neurophysiopathology and Disorders of Movement, AOU G Martino, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98121, Messina, Italy.
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Does evidence support “banking/extending sleep” by shift workers to mitigate fatigue, and/or to improve health, safety, or performance? A systematic review. Sleep Health 2019; 5:359-369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yamauchi T, Sasaki T, Takahashi K, Umezaki S, Takahashi M, Yoshikawa T, Suka M, Yanagisawa H. Long working hours, sleep-related problems, and near-misses/injuries in industrial settings using a nationally representative sample of workers in Japan. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219657. [PMID: 31306462 PMCID: PMC6629083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long working hours and a lack of sleep have been suggested to negatively affect the safety of workers. Here, we examined the association between long working hours/sleep-related problems and near-misses/injuries in industrial settings using a nationally representative sample of workers in Japan. Based on the composition ratio of workers by industry, sex, and age in Japan, data from a web-based cross-sectional survey for 18,682 participant full-time workers (7,098 female and 11,584 male; mean age, 43.7 [standard deviation 11.1] years) were analyzed. Nearly 30% and 5% of participants reported any types of near-misses during the past six months and injuries during the past year, respectively. For all types of near-misses and some types of injuries, a significant difference in frequency distribution was observed by industry. After adjustment for demographic, job-, and life-related variables, participants who worked long hours (i.e., more than 51 hours per week) were more likely to report job-related near-misses/injuries than those who worked 35–40 hours per week. The presence of sleep-related problems was also significantly related to near-misses and injuries. However, while sleep-related problems were significantly associated with near-misses/injuries in all industries, the association between long working hours and near-misses/injuries differed by industry. Odds ratios for near-misses/injuries were strongly significant in the “transport/postal services” industry for those who worked more than 51 hours per week compared to those who worked 35–40 hours per week. Comprehensive protective measures for workers, including (1) reducing total hours of service/job-related fatigue, (2) maintaining sufficient sleep hours/good sleep, and (3) increasing awareness about the impact of overwork/long working hours and sleep-related problems on workers’ safety among employers, workers, clients/customers, and the general public might be effective for preventing near-misses and injuries in industrial settings among workers, especially those who work long hours in the “transport/postal services” industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamauchi
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Takahashi
- Department of Biostatistics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeo Umezaki
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kiyose, Japan
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Machi Suka
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yanagisawa
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wong K, Chan AHS, Ngan SC. The Effect of Long Working Hours and Overtime on Occupational Health: A Meta-Analysis of Evidence from 1998 to 2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2102. [PMID: 31200573 PMCID: PMC6617405 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There has been no subsequent meta-analysis examining the effects of long working hours on health or occupational health since 1997. Therefore, this paper aims to conduct a meta-analysis covering studies after 1997 for a comparison. A total of 243 published records were extracted from electronic databases. The effects were measured by five conditions, namely, physiological health (PH), mental health (MH), health behaviours (HB), related health (RH), and nonspecified health (NH). The overall odds ratio between long working hours and occupational health was 1.245 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.195-1.298). The condition of related health constituted the highest odds ratio value (1.465, 95% CI: 1.332-1.611). The potential moderators were study method, cut-point for long weekly working hours, and country of origin. Long working hours were shown to adversely affect the occupational health of workers. The management on safeguarding the occupational health of workers working long hours should be reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapo Wong
- Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Alan H S Chan
- Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - S C Ngan
- Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Dai H, Mei Z, An A, Wu J. Association between sleep problems and health-related quality of life in Canadian adults with chronic diseases. Sleep Med 2019; 61:26-30. [PMID: 31255481 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the association between sleep problems and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Canadian adults with chronic diseases, and whether mental illness can mediate the association. METHODS Data were drawn from the Canadian Community Health Survey, 2015. A total of 10,900 participants aged ≥18 years and diagnosed with chronic diseases were enrolled in this study. RESULTS Of these participants, 23.6% (95% CI 22.1, 25.2) suffered from severe impairment of HRQoL. Extreme sleep durations, including both short (<5, 5 to <6, and 6 to <7 h) and long (9 to <10, and ≥10 h) sleep durations, were significantly associated with severe impairment of HRQoL (compared to 7 to <8 h). Insomnia was also independently associated with severe impairment of HRQoL when compared to those without insomnia. In the mediation analyses, mental illness was shown to partly mediate the associations of extreme sleep durations and insomnia with severe impairment of HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, both extreme sleep durations and insomnia were independently associated with severe impairment of HRQoL in adults with chronic diseases, and mental illness partly mediated the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiang Dai
- Centre for Disease Modelling, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Zhen Mei
- Manifold Data Mining, Toronto, M3B 3J5, Canada
| | - Aijun An
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jianhong Wu
- Centre for Disease Modelling, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Ferguson SA, Appleton SL, Reynolds AC, Gill TK, Taylor AW, McEvoy RD, Adams RJ. Making errors at work due to sleepiness or sleep problems is not confined to non-standard work hours: results of the 2016 Sleep Health Foundation national survey. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:758-769. [PMID: 31017005 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1578969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Almost one-third of Australians report having made errors at work that are related to sleep issues. While there is significant literature investigating the role of sleep in workplace health and safety in shiftworking and nightwork operations, long working hours, work-family conflict, and commute times getting longer also impact day workers' sleep behaviors and opportunities. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between sleep duration and disorders, sleep health and hygiene factors, work-related factors and errors at work in Australian workers. From a sample of 1011 Australian adults, age-adjusted binary logistic regression analyses were conducted in 512 workers who provided responses to the question "Thinking about the past three months, how many days did you make errors at work because you were too sleepy or you had a sleep problem?" A number of sleep behaviors and poor sleep hygiene factors were linked with work errors related to sleepiness or sleep problems, with age-adjusted odds of errors (confidence intervals) up to 11.6 times higher (5.4-25.1, p < 0.001) in those that snored, 7.7 (4.6-12.9) times higher in those reporting more than three sleep issues (p < 0.001), 7.0 times higher (3.4-14.8) in short (≤5 hours/night) sleepers (p < 0.021), 6.1 times higher (2.9-12.7) in those staying up later than planned most nights of the week (p< 0.001) and 2.4 times higher (1.6-3.7) in those drinking alcohol ≥3 nights/week before bed (p < 0.001). More than 40% of participants working non-standard hours reported making errors at work, and they were more likely to be young (compared to the main sample of workers) and more likely to engage in work activities in the hour before bed. Sleep factors (other than clinical sleep disorders) were associated with an increased likelihood of sleep-related work errors. Both day workers and those working non-standard hours engage in work, sleep and health behaviors that do not support good sleep health, which may be impacting safety and productivity in the workplace through increased sleepiness-related errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Ferguson
- a Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences , CQUniversity , Adelaide , Australia.,b Deakin University , Burwood , Australia
| | - Sarah L Appleton
- c School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Adelaide Institute of Sleep Health , Flinders University , Australia.,d University of Adelaide , Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Amy C Reynolds
- a Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences , CQUniversity , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Tiffany K Gill
- e Population Research & Outcome Studies, Discipline of Medicine , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Anne W Taylor
- e Population Research & Outcome Studies, Discipline of Medicine , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia
| | - R Douglas McEvoy
- c School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Adelaide Institute of Sleep Health , Flinders University , Australia
| | - Robert J Adams
- c School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Adelaide Institute of Sleep Health , Flinders University , Australia.,f Southern Adelaide Local Health Network , SA Health , Adelaide , Australia.,g Adelaide Medical School , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia
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WONG IS, POPKIN S, FOLKARD S. Working Time Society consensus statements: A multi-level approach to managing occupational sleep-related fatigue. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2019; 57:228-244. [PMID: 30700672 PMCID: PMC6449631 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.sw-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A substantial body of literature indicates that shift workers have a significantly higher risk of workplace accidents and injuries, compared to workers in regular daytime schedules. This can be attributed to work during nights which require workers to stay awake during normal sleeping hours and sleep during natural waking hours, leading to circadian desynchronization, sleep disruption and cognitive impairment. A fatigue-risk trajectory model developed by Dawson and McCulloch has been used to describe the series of events which may precede fatigue-related incidents. This includes insufficient sleep opportunities, impaired sleep, fatigue-behavioral symptoms, and fatigue-related errors. The purpose of this paper is to provide examples of control measures along each level of the fatigue-risk trajectory, which include: (i) work scheduling strategies to include breaks for adequate sleep opportunities; (ii) training and educational programs to help workers make best use of recovery times for quality sleep; (iii) fatigue-detection devices to alert workers and safety managers of fatigue-related behaviors and errors. A brief introduction to Fatigue-Risk Management systems is also included as a long-term sustainable strategy to maintain shift worker health and safety. The key statements in this paper represent a consensus among the Working Time Society regarding a multi-level approach to managing occupational sleep-related fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelda S. WONG
- CDC/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
USA
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | | | - Simon FOLKARD
- Swansea University, UK
- Paris Descartes University, France
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Songkham W, Deeluea J, Suksatit B, Chaiard J. Sleep quality among industrial workers: related factors and impact. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/jhr-08-2018-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the prevalence and determinants of poor sleep quality among industrial workers in Thailand. Additionally, the authors assess the risk of work-related injuries associated with poor sleep quality.
Design/methodology/approach
A descriptive correlational research was implemented. A total of 472 workers from the northern region of Thailand contributed to this study. Sleep quality was assessed by the Thai version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Thai-PSQI). The score of more than five indicated poor sleep quality. Participants completed self-administered demographic, work characteristics and work-related injury questionnaires. Data were analyzed by applying descriptive and logistic regression statistical techniques.
Findings
More than one-third of the workers had reported poor sleep quality. Results from multivariable logistic regression analysis yielded male gender (OR = 2.74, 95% CI 1.46–5.17), alcohol drinking (OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.24–3.35), pain (OR=2.05, 95% CI 1.32–3.17) and rotating shift work (OR=1.94, 95% CI 1.23–3.05) increased the risk of poor sleep quality. Furthermore, poor sleep quality was statistically significantly associated with the risk of work-related injuries (OR = 3.98, 95% CI = 2.39–6.66).
Originality/value
Findings of this study indicate that the prevalence of poor sleep quality is high among industrial workers. Work characteristics and health behaviors were associated with poor sleep quality which increases the risk of work-related injuries. Modification of work environment and personal life style choices can improve quality of sleep among workers and consequently lower incidence of work-related injuries.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the role of obesity on the association between sleep and on-duty injury among male career firefighters. METHODS Data on 1419 male career firefighters for this cross-sectional study came from two firefighter cohorts from 2008 to 2013. On-duty injury within the past 6 to 12 months was the dependent variable and getting enough sleep was the independent variable. A multivariable, mixed effect logistic regression model stratified by body mass index (BMI) categories was created to examine the presence of effect measure modification. RESULTS Only obese firefighters who did not get enough sleep were twice as likely to have an on-duty injury than those who got enough sleep. This association was not significant among normal or overweight firefighters. CONCLUSIONS Future studies into on-duty injury and sleep should examine body composition as an effect modifier among career firefighters.
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Chattu VK, Manzar MD, Kumary S, Burman D, Spence DW, Pandi-Perumal SR. The Global Problem of Insufficient Sleep and Its Serious Public Health Implications. Healthcare (Basel) 2018; 7:healthcare7010001. [PMID: 30577441 PMCID: PMC6473877 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Good sleep is necessary for good physical and mental health and a good quality of life. Insufficient sleep is a pervasive and prominent problem in the modern 24-h society. A considerable body of evidence suggests that insufficient sleep causes hosts of adverse medical and mental dysfunctions. An extensive literature search was done in all the major databases for “insufficient sleep” and “public health implications” in this review. Globally, insufficient sleep is prevalent across various age groups, considered to be a public health epidemic that is often unrecognized, under-reported, and that has rather high economic costs. This paper addresses a brief overview on insufficient sleep, causes, and consequences, and how it adds to the existing burden of diseases. Insufficient sleep leads to the derailment of body systems, leading to increased incidences of cardiovascular morbidity, increased chances of diabetes mellitus, obesity, derailment of cognitive functions, vehicular accidents, and increased accidents at workplaces. The increased usage of smart phones and electronic devices is worsening the epidemic. Adolescents with insufficient sleep are likely to be overweight and may suffer from depressive symptoms. The paper concludes by emphasizing sleep quality assessments as an important early risk indicator, thereby reducing the incidence of a wide spectrum of morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Md Dilshad Manzar
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Soosanna Kumary
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Deepa Burman
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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12-Hour Shifts. J Christ Nurs 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/cnj.0000000000000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Caffaro F, Roccato M, Micheletti Cremasco M, Cavallo E. Falls From Agricultural Machinery: Risk Factors Related to Work Experience, Worked Hours, and Operators' Behavior. HUMAN FACTORS 2018; 60:20-30. [PMID: 29091463 DOI: 10.1177/0018720817738591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective We investigated the risk factors for falls when egressing from agricultural tractors, analyzing the role played by worked hours, work experience, operators' behavior, and near misses. Background Many accidents occur within the agricultural sector each year. Among them, falls while dismounting the tractor represent a major source of injuries. Previous studies pointed out frequent hazardous movements and incorrect behaviors adopted by operators to exit the tractor cab. However, less is known about the determinants of such behaviors. In addition, near misses are known to be important predictors of accidents, but they have been under-investigated in the agricultural sector in general and as concerns falls in particular. Method A questionnaire assessing dismounting behaviors, previous accidents and near misses, and participants' relation with work was administered to a sample of Italian tractor operators ( n = 286). Results A mediated model showed that worked hours increase unsafe behaviors, whereas work experience decreases them. Unsafe behaviors in turn show a positive association with accidents, via the mediation of near misses. Conclusions We gave a novel contribution to the knowledge of the chain of events leading to fall accidents in the agricultural sector, which is one of the most hazardous industries. Applications Besides tractor design improvements, preventive training interventions may focus on the redesign of the actual working strategies and the adoption of engaging training methods in the use of machinery to optimize the learning of safety practices and safe behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Caffaro
- Institute for Agricultural and Earthmoving Machines of the National Research Council of Italy, Torino
| | | | | | - Eugenio Cavallo
- Institute for Agricultural and Earthmoving Machines of the National Research Council of Italy, Torino
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Ahn S. Working hours and depressive symptoms over 7 years: evidence from a Korean panel study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 91:273-283. [PMID: 29138936 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to examine how working hours influence depressive symptoms and the association between working hours and depressive symptoms differently across genders. METHOD The sample consists of salaried workers aged 25-64 years who participated in two consecutive waves of the seven-wave Korean Welfare Panel Study (2007-2013) (n = 6813 individuals, 27,986 observations) which is a survey of a nationally representative sample of the South Korean population. I apply logit regression and fixed-effects logit regression to examine the causal relation between (intra-)individual changes of working hours and depressive symptoms over a 7-year period. RESULTS Results from logit model and fixed-effects logit model show that less than 30 h of work per week and more than 60 h of work per week are associated with significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms. Sex-stratified analyses reveal that women who worked over 60 h per week were at increased risk of showing depressive symptoms compared with women who worked 30-40 h per week. No significant increase in depressive symptoms was seen in men who worked more than 60 h per week. However, men working less than 30 h per week are more likely to report higher levels of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that work arrangement affects the mental health of men and women differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyeon Ahn
- National Pension Research Institute, 180 Giji-ro, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea.
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Ahmed AE, Al-Jahdali F, AlALwan A, Abuabat F, Bin Salih SA, Al-Harbi A, Baharoon S, Khan M, Ali YZ, Al-Jahdali H. Prevalence of sleep duration among Saudi adults. Saudi Med J 2017; 38:276-283. [PMID: 28251223 PMCID: PMC5387904 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2017.3.17101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To examine the associations between sleep duration and a variety of demographic and clinical variables in a sample of Saudi adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 2,095 participants was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between May and October 2014. A questionnaire was administered to collect data related to clinical health outcomes and demographic characteristics. Participants were asked to report their average sleep duration per night in hours. Results: One-third (33.8%) reported short sleep duration of less than 7 hours/night. Short sleep duration was more prevalent in females (37.3% versus 31.4%, p=0.004). The most common medical problems reported were obesity with body mass index of >30 Kg/m2 (39.1%), hypertension (33.9%), diabetes mellitus (20.8%), depression (4.3%), asthma (17.3%), COPD (6.6%), and hyperlipidemia (2.7%). Diabetes mellitus was associated with long sleep of more than 9 hours/night (25.4%, p=0.011) and hypertension (54.2%, p=0.001). The linear regression model tend to reduce their sleep duration by roughly 22 minutes in female gender, 66 minutes in participants with hyperlipidemia, and 70 minutes in participants with poor sleep quality. Conclusions: Short sleep duration per night was prevalent, it affects one in every 3 Saudi adults. Long sleep duration of more than 9 hours was associated with increased comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar E Ahmed
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Rhéaume A, Mullen J. The impact of long work hours and shift work on cognitive errors in nurses. J Nurs Manag 2017; 26:26-32. [PMID: 28857317 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pilot study to examine the impact of long work hours and shift work on cognitive errors in nurses. BACKGROUND Twelve-hour shifts are more commonly used in hospital settings and there is growing concern over the impact that extended and irregular work hours have on nurses' well-being and performance. METHOD Twenty-eight nurses working different shifts (8-hr days and 12-hr rotation) participated in this study. Nurses were assessed at the beginning of four consecutive shifts using actigraphy, a sleep diary and an after work questionnaire. RESULTS Nurses working 12-hr rotations had less total sleep time and less sleep efficiency than 8-hr day nurses. Twelve-hour rotation nurses also napped more than their counterparts. There were no differences between the two groups with respect to cognitive errors. CONCLUSIONS Twelve-hour rotations have a negative effect on nurses' sleep patterns. There is no evidence indicating 12-hr rotations increased errors. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nurse managers can implement specific strategies, such as greater shift work flexibility and designated quiet time, to reduce the effects of disturbed sleep patterns in nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Rhéaume
- School of Nursing, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Jane Mullen
- Department of Commerce, Ron Joyce Center for Business Studies, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
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Timsina LR, Willetts JL, Brennan MJ, Marucci-Wellman H, Lombardi DA, Courtney TK, Verma SK. Circumstances of fall-related injuries by age and gender among community-dwelling adults in the United States. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176561. [PMID: 28472065 PMCID: PMC5417511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Falls are the leading cause of injury in almost all age-strata in the U.S. However, fall-related injuries (FI) and their circumstances are under-studied at the population level, particularly among young and middle-aged adults. This study examined the circumstances of FI among community-dwelling U.S. adults, by age and gender. METHODS Narrative texts of FI from the National Health Interview Survey (1997-2010) were coded using a customized taxonomy to assess place, activity, initiating event, hazards, contributing factors, fall height, and work-relatedness of FI. Weighted proportions and incidence rates of FI were calculated across six age-gender groups (18-44, 45-64, 65+ years; women, men). RESULTS The proportion of FI occurring indoors increased with age in both genders (22%, 30%, and 48% among men, and 40%, 49% and 62% among women for 18-44, 45-64, 65+ age-groups, respectively). In each age group the proportion of indoor FI was higher among women as compared to men. Among women, using the stairs was the second leading activity (after walking) at the time of FI (19%, 14% and 10% for women in 18-44, 45-64, 65+ age groups, respectively). FI associated with tripping increased with age among both genders, and women were more likely to trip than men in every age group. Of all age-gender groups, the rate of FI while using ladders was the highest among middle-aged men (3.3 per 1000 person-year, 95% CI 2.0, 4.5). Large objects, stairs and steps, and surface contamination were the three most common hazards noted for 15%, 14% and 13% of fall-related injuries, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The rate and the circumstances of FI differ by age and gender. Understanding these differences and obtaining information about circumstances could be vital for developing effective interventions to prevent falls and FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lava R. Timsina
- Center for Injury Epidemiology, Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, United States of America
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Joanna L. Willetts
- Center for Injury Epidemiology, Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Melanye J. Brennan
- Center for Injury Epidemiology, Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Helen Marucci-Wellman
- Center for Injury Epidemiology, Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David A. Lombardi
- Center for Injury Epidemiology, Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Theodore K. Courtney
- Center for Injury Epidemiology, Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Santosh K. Verma
- Center for Injury Epidemiology, Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Ferreira TS, Moreira CZ, Guo J, Noce F. Effects of a 12-hour shift on mood states and sleepiness of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit nurses. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2017; 51:e03202. [PMID: 28300964 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-220x2016033203202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a 12-hour shift on mood states and sleepiness at the beginning and end of the shift. METHOD Quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study.It was conducted with 70 neonatal intensive care unit nurses. The Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and a socio-demographic profile questionnaire were administered. RESULTS When the KSS and BRUMS scores were compared at the beginning of the shift associations were found with previous sleep quality (p ≤ 0.01), and quality of life (p ≤ 0.05). Statistical significant effects on BRUMS scores were also associated with previous sleep quality, quality of life, liquid ingestion, healthy diet, marital status, and shift work stress. When the beginning and end of the shift were compared, different KSS scores were seen in the group of all nurses and in the night shift one. Significant vigor and fatigue scores were observed within shift groups. CONCLUSION A good night's sleep has positive effects on the individual`s mood states both at the beginning and the end of the shift. The self-perception of a good quality of life also positively influenced KSS and BRUMS scores at the beginning and end of the shift. Proper liquid ingestion led to better KSS and BRUMS scores. OBJETIVO Evaluar el efecto de un turno de 12 horas en estados de ánimo y somnolencia al principio y al final del turno. MÉTODO Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo.Se realizó con 70 enfermeras de unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Se administró la Escala de Humor Brunel (BRUMS), la Escala de Somnolencia de Karolinska (KSS) y un cuestionario de perfil sociodemográfico. RESULTADOS Cuando se compararon las puntuaciones de KSS y BRUMS al comienzo del turno se encontraron asociaciones con calidad de sueño previa (p ≤ 0,01) y calidad de vida (p ≤ 0,05). Los efectos estadísticos significativos en las puntuaciones de BRUMS también se asociaron con la calidad previa del sueño, la calidad de vida, la ingestión de líquidos, la dieta saludable, el estado civil y el estrés laboral por turnos. Cuando se compararon el comienzo y el final del turno, se observaron diferentes puntuaciones de KSS en el grupo de todos los enfermeros y en el turno de noche. Se observaron puntuaciones significativas de vigor y fatiga dentro de los grupos de turnos. CONCLUSIÓN Dormir bien de noche tiene efectos positivos en los estados de ánimo del individuo tanto al principio como al final del turno. La autopercepción de una buena calidad de vida también influyó positivamente en las puntuaciones KSS y BRUMS al inicio y al final del turno. La ingesta de líquidos adecuada condujo a mejores puntuaciones KSS y BRUMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Guo
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Franco Noce
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Laboratório de Psicologia do Esporte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Alali H, Braeckman L, Van Hecke T, De Clercq B, Janssens H, Wahab MA. Relationship between non-standard work arrangements and work-related accident absence in Belgium. J Occup Health 2017; 59:177-186. [PMID: 28111414 PMCID: PMC5478515 DOI: 10.1539/joh.16-0119-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between indicators of non-standard work arrangements, including precarious contract, long working hours, multiple jobs, shift work, and work-related accident absence, using a representative Belgian sample and considering several socio-demographic and work characteristics. Methods: This study was based on the data of the fifth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS). For the analysis, the sample was restricted to 3343 respondents from Belgium who were all employed workers. The associations between non-standard work arrangements and work-related accident absence were studied with multivariate logistic regression modeling techniques while adjusting for several confounders. Results: During the last 12 months, about 11.7% of workers were absent from work because of work-related accident. A multivariate regression model showed an increased injury risk for those performing shift work (OR 1.546, 95% CI 1.074-2.224). The relationship between contract type and occupational injuries was not significant (OR 1.163, 95% CI 0.739-1.831). Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were observed for those performing long working hours (OR 1.217, 95% CI 0.638-2.321) and those performing multiple jobs (OR 1.361, 95% CI 0.827-2.240) in relation to work-related accident absence. Those who rated their health as bad, low educated workers, workers from the construction sector, and those exposed to biomechanical exposure (BM) were more frequent victims of work-related accident absence. No significant gender difference was observed. Conclusion: Indicators of non-standard work arrangements under this study, except shift work, were not significantly associated with work-related accident absence. To reduce the burden of occupational injuries, not only risk reduction strategies and interventions are needed but also policy efforts are to be undertaken to limit shift work. In general, preventive measures and more training on the job are needed to ensure the safety and well-being of all workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alali
- Department of Electrical Energy, Systems and Automation, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University
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